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Guo F, Ma J, Li C, Liu S, Wu W, Li C, Wang J, Wang J, Li Z, Zhai J, Sun F, Zhou Y, Guo C, Qian H, Xu B. PRR15 deficiency facilitates malignant progression by mediating PI3K/Akt signaling and predicts clinical prognosis in triple-negative rather than non-triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:272. [PMID: 37072408 PMCID: PMC10113191 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast neoplasms with a higher risk of recurrence and metastasis than non-TNBC. Nevertheless, the factors responsible for the differences in the malignant behavior between TNBC and non-TNBC are not fully explored. Proline rich 15 (PRR15) is a protein involved in the progression of several tumor types, but its mechanisms are still controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biological role and clinical applications of PRR15 on TNBC. PRR15 gene was differentially expressed between TNBC and non-TNBC patients, previously described as an oncogenic factor in breast cancer. However, our results showed a decreased expression of PRR15 that portended a favorable prognosis in TNBC rather than non-TNBC. PRR15 knockdown facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasive ability of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo, which was abolished by PRR15 restoration, without remarkable effects on non-TNBC. High-throughput drug sensitivity revealed that PI3K/Akt signaling was involved in the aggressive properties of PRR15 silencing, which was confirmed by the PI3K/Akt signaling activation in the tumors of PRR15Low patients, and PI3K inhibitor reversed the metastatic capacity of TNBC in mice. The reduced PRR15 expression in TNBC patients was positively correlated with more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, enhanced metastasis, and poor disease-free survival. Collectively, PRR15 down-regulation promotes malignant progression through the PI3K/Akt signaling in TNBC rather than in non-TNBC, affects the response of TNBC cells to antitumor agents, and is a promising indicator of disease outcomes in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhu Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jialu Ma
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Weizheng Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jingtong Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fangzhou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yantong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Changyuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Seidel GE. Translating Basic Research to Animal Agriculture. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 10:1-15. [PMID: 34794329 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-062521-090427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Procedures to maintain viability of mammalian gametes and embryos in vitro, including cryopreservation, have been exceedingly valuable for my research over the past 55 years. Keeping sperm viable in vitro enables artificial insemination, which, when combined with selective breeding, often is the most effective approach to making rapid genetic change in a population. Superovulation and embryo transfer constitute a parallel approach for amplifying reproduction of female mammals. More recent developments include sexing of semen, in vitro fertilization, cloning by nuclear transfer, and genetic modification of germline cells, tools that are enabled by artificial insemination and/or embryo transfer for implementation. I have been fortunate in being able to contribute to the development of many of the above techniques, and to use them for research and applications for improving animal agriculture. Others have built on this work to circumvent human infertility, assist reproduction of companion animals, and rescue endangered species. It also has been a privilege to teach, mentor, and be mentored in this area. Resulting worldwide friendships have enriched me personally and professionally. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Seidel
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Gates KC, Goetzmann LN, Cantlon JD, Jeckel KM, Anthony RV. Effect of proline rich 15-deficiency on trophoblast viability and survival. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174976. [PMID: 28380025 PMCID: PMC5381842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deviations from the normal program of gene expression during early pregnancy can lead to early embryonic loss as well as dysfunctional placentation, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Proline rich 15 (PRR15) is a low molecular weight nuclear protein expressed by the trophoblast during early gestation. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of PRR15 mRNA in ovine trophectoderm led to demise of the embryo by gestational day 15, providing compelling evidence that PRR15 expression is critical during this precarious window of development. Our objective was to determine the effect of PRR15 knockdown on trophoblast gene expression, proliferation, and survival. The first-trimester human trophoblast cell line, ACH-3P, was infected with control lentivirus or a lentivirus expressing a short hairpin (sh)RNA to target PRR15 mRNA for degradation, resulting in a 68% reduction in PRR15 mRNA. Microarray analysis of these cell lines revealed differential expression of genes related to cancer, focal adhesion, and p53 signaling. These changes included significant up-regulation of GDF15, a cytokine increased in pregnancies with preeclampsia. Viability and proliferation decreased in PRR15-deficient cells, which was consistent with down-regulation of cell cycle-related genes CCND1 and CDK6 and an up-regulation of CCNG2 and CDKN1A in the PRR15-deficient cells. TNFSF10, a tumor necrosis factor superfamily member known to induce apoptosis increased significantly in the PRR15-deficient cells. Migration through a basement membrane matrix decreased and an increased population of apoptotic cells was present when treated with shRNA to target PRR15. These results suggest that PRR15 enhances trophoblast viability and survival during early implantation and placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C. Gates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lindsey N. Goetzmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jeremy D. Cantlon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M. Jeckel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Russell V. Anthony
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Acceleration of genetic gain in cattle by reduction of generation interval. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8674. [PMID: 25728468 PMCID: PMC4345332 DOI: 10.1038/srep08674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic selection (GS) approaches, in combination with reproductive technologies, are revolutionizing the design and implementation of breeding programs in livestock species, particularly in cattle. GS leverages genomic readouts to provide estimates of breeding value early in the life of animals. However, the capacity of these approaches for improving genetic gain in breeding programs is limited by generation interval, the average age of an animal when replacement progeny are born. Here, we present a cost-effective approach that combines GS with reproductive technologies to reduce generation interval by rapidly producing high genetic merit calves.
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Meunier D, Patra K, Smits R, Hägebarth A, Lüttges A, Jaussi R, Wieduwilt MJ, Quintanilla-Fend L, Himmelbauer H, Fodde R, Fundele RH. Expression analysis of proline rich 15 (Prr15) in mouse and human gastrointestinal tumors. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:8-15. [PMID: 21061267 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proline rich 15 (Prr15), which encodes a protein of unknown function, is expressed almost exclusively in postmitotic cells both during fetal development and in adult tissues, such as the intestinal epithelium and the testis. To determine if this specific expression is lost in intestinal neoplasias, we examined Prr15 expression by in situ hybridization (ISH) on mouse intestinal tumors caused by different gene mutations, and on human colorectal cancer (CRC) samples. Prr15/PRR15 expression was consistently observed in mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tumors caused by mutations in the Apc gene, as well as in several advanced stage human CRCs. In contrast, no Prr15 expression was detected in intestinal tumors derived from mice carrying mutations in the Smad3, Smad4, or Cdkn1b genes. These findings, combined with the fact that a majority of sporadic human CRCs carry APC mutations, strongly suggest that the expression of Prr15/PRR15 in mouse and human GI tumors is linked, directly or indirectly, to the absence of the APC protein or, more generally, to the disruption of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Meunier
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Berlin, Germany
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Purcell SH, Cantlon JD, Wright CD, Henkes LE, Seidel GE, Anthony RV. The involvement of proline-rich 15 in early conceptus development in sheep. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:1112-21. [PMID: 19605793 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.076190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The ruminant conceptus undergoes a period of elongation that is required for maternal recognition of pregnancy, prior to attaching to the endometrium. The purpose of these studies was to investigate the role of proline-rich 15 (PRR15) in the sheep conceptus by examining mRNA expression, protein localization, and the effect of PRR15 mRNA degradation. Conceptuses were collected on Days 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, and 30 after mating. Quantitative RT-PCR showed expression of PRR15 mRNA corresponded with the process of trophoblast elongation, with peak expression occurring on Days 15 and 16. A recombinant ovine PRR15 was generated and used to create polyclonal antibodies against PRR15. Immunohistochemistry of a Day 15 conceptus indicated that PRR15 was localized predominantly in the nucleus of the trophectoderm and extraembryonic primitive endoderm. To test whether PRR15 was required during early conceptus development, RNA interference was employed. Blastocysts collected on Day 8 after mating were infected with a lentivirus expressing a short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) that targeted PRR15 mRNA for degradation, an shRNA containing a three-nucleotide mismatch to PRR15 mRNA, or a lentivirus expressing no shRNA. After infection, blastocysts were transferred into recipient ewes and collected back on Day 15 of gestation. Although the majority of the control and mismatched shRNA-treated conceptuses elongated and survived to Day 15, none of the embryos treated with the lentivirus expressing shRNA against PRR15 mRNA elongated, and most died. In conclusion, expression of PRR15 mRNA occurred during a narrow window of conceptus development, and degradation of PRR15 mRNA led to conceptus demise or abnormal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Purcell
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Blomberg L, Hashizume K, Viebahn C. Blastocyst elongation, trophoblastic differentiation, and embryonic pattern formation. Reproduction 2008; 135:181-95. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of ungulate and non-rodent conceptus elongation and gastrulation remains poorly understood; however, use of state-of-the-art genomic technologies is beginning to elucidate the mechanisms regulating these complicated processes. For instance, transcriptome analysis of elongating porcine concepti indicates that protein synthesis and trafficking, cell growth and proliferation, and cellular morphology are major regulated processes. Furthermore, potential autocrine roles of estrogen and interleukin-1-β in regulating porcine conceptus growth and remodeling and metabolism have become evident. The importance of estrogen in pig is emphasized by the altered expression of essential steroidogenic and trophoblast factors in lagging ovoid concepti. In ruminants, the characteristic mononucleate trophoblast cells differentiate into a second lineage important for implantation, the binucleate trophoblast, and transcriptome profiling of bovine concepti has revealed a gene cluster associated with rapid trophoblast proliferation and differentiation. Gene cluster analysis has also provided evidence of correlated spatiotemporal expression and emphasized the significance of the bovine trophoblast cell lineage and the regulatory mechanism of trophoblast function. As a part of the gastrulation process in the mammalian conceptus, specification of the germ layers and hence definitive body axes occur in advance of primitive streak formation. Processing of the transforming growth factor-β-signaling molecules nodal and BMP4 by specific proteases is emerging as a decisive step in the initial patterning of the pre-gastrulation embryo. The topography of expression of these and other secreted molecules with reference to embryonic and extraembryonic tissues determines their local interaction potential. Their ensuing signaling leads to the specification of axial epiblast and hypoblast compartments through cellular migration and differentiation and, in particular, the specification of the early germ layer tissues in the epiblast via gene expression characteristic of endoderm and mesoderm precursor cells.
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Jia J, Zhao YF, Zhao JH. Potential roles of allograft inflammatory factor-1 in the pathogenesis of hemangiomas. Med Hypotheses 2007; 68:288-90. [PMID: 17010532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemangiomas are benign tumors of the vascular endothelium and are the most common tumors of infancy. These tumors are characterized by an initial phase of rapid proliferation in the first months of life, which is followed, in most cases, by spontaneous slow involution. Despite their high prevalence, their detailed pathogenesis remains unknown. Recent studies suggest that immunity responses, inflammatory cells and their precursors, myeloid cells, play important roles in the growth and involution of hemangiomas. The allograft inflammatory factor-1 is a powerful gene that is involved in several kinds of inflammatory response-related diseases. Studies also show that it is implicated in angiogenesis, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, and development of tumors. Taken all these evidences into consideration, we hypothesize that allograft inflammatory factor-1 plays potential roles in pathogenesis, proliferation and involution of hemangioma. Investigating the role of allograft inflammatory factor-1 in the proliferation and involution of hemangioma will lead to a better understanding of pathogenesis of this lesion. Furthermore, the subtle regulation of allograft inflammatory factor-1 in the involution of hemangiomas will help design a new anti-angiogenic therapy for some tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education (KLOBM), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Tsubata Y, Sakatsume M, Ogawa A, Alchi B, Kaneko Y, Kuroda T, Kawachi H, Narita I, Yamamoto T, Gejyo F. Expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 in kidneys: A novel molecular component of podocyte. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1948-54. [PMID: 17035944 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our comprehensive gene expression profiles of the kidneys in an anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis model using DNA arrays revealed that allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) was one of the highly expressed genes. Here, we explored the pathological significance of AIF-1 expression in the kidneys. The expression pattern of AIF-1 mRNA and protein in the kidneys of normal and diseased rats, such as anti-GBM nephritis and puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis, was investigated by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and immunoelectron microscopy. Furthermore, the expression of AIF-1 in human kidneys and urinary sediments was examined. AIF-1 was expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in podocytes of normal and diseased rats, and in infiltrating cells in anti-GBM nephritis kidneys. The expression of AIF-1 in podocytes was constitutive; positive in podocytes of both normal and diseased rats. In humans, AIF-1 was expressed in podocytes and infiltrating inflammatory cells, similarly. Moreover, it was detected in urinary podocytes from patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. These data document for the first time that AIF-1, a constitutively expressed protein in rat and human podocytes, is a novel molecular component of podocytes, and that the upregulation of AIF-1 in an anti-GBM nephritis model may mainly be a consequence of its expression in infiltrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tsubata
- Department of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Fu K, Zhao YY, Tang WX, Zhong Y, Yang TB, Wang JH. Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Daintain. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2006; 25:95-7. [PMID: 16704311 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2006.25.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Daintain is a 17-kDa polypeptide originally purified from porcine intestine. This polypeptide is associated with insulin secretion and inflammatory responses. Daintain is highly similar in amino acid sequence to allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1). Here we report the preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against daintain. To enhance its immunogenicity, daintain was coupled to carrier protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) by a two-step glutaraldehyde method. Using conventional procedures, we obtained four stable hybridoma cell lines that can produce and secret anti-daintain MAbs. We further analyzed their isotypes, titer, and affinity, and found that those MAbs belong to the G1 subclass with kappa light chains. The MAbs were capable of recognizing daintain as determined by Western blotting. The produced MAbs will be a useful tool for further investigation of daintain functions in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Fu
- Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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