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Zhang G, Cui Z, Li J, Zhang D, Li Z, Lin Z, Yin H, Ran J, Wang Y, Liu Y. miR-122-5p regulates proliferation and apoptosis of chicken granulosa cells of hierarchal follicles by targeting MAPK3. Gene X 2022; 824:146397. [PMID: 35276240 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken follicles plays a crucial role in the reproductive performance, especially in laying period. Recently, miR-122-5p has been found to be differentially expressed in the ovaries of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal rats, indicating the potential role of miR-122-5p in the development of granulosa cells (GCs). In present study, we found that miR-122-5p was highly expressed in chicken atrophic ovaries. Herein, we investigated its function on GC proliferation and apoptosis of chicken in vitro. We found that overexpression of miR-122-5p significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of GCs, whereas the opposite effects were detected in miR-122-5p knockdown GCs. Meanwhile, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) was confirmed as a new target gene of miR-122-5p by bioinformatics software prediction and the dual-luciferase reporter assay verification. Furthermore, after knockdown of MAPK3, the function of MAPK3 for GC proliferation and apoptosis was opposite to that of miR-122-5p. Collectively, our results indicated that miR-122-5p impeded chicken GC proliferation and promoted apoptosis through the post-transcriptional downregulation of MAPK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Donghao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongzhen Lin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinshan Ran
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan province, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Haldar S, Agrawal H, Saha S, Straughn AR, Roy P, Kakar SS. Overview of follicle stimulating hormone and its receptors in reproduction and in stem cells and cancer stem cells. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:675-692. [PMID: 35002517 PMCID: PMC8741861 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and its receptor (FSHR) have been reported to be responsible for several physiological functions and cancers. The responsiveness of stem cells and cancer stem cells towards the FSH-FSHR system make the function of FSH and its receptors more interesting in the context of cancer biology. This review is comprised of comprehensive information on FSH-FSHR signaling in normal physiology, gonadal stem cells, cancer cells, and potential options of utilizing FSH-FSHR system as an anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Haldar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.,Current address: Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249405
| | - Himanshu Agrawal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India
| | - Alex R Straughn
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Tremblay PG, Sirard MA. Gene analysis of major signaling pathways regulated by gonadotropins in human ovarian granulosa tumor cells (KGN)†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:583-598. [PMID: 32427331 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive function largely depends on timing and coordination between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone. Even though it was suggested that these hormones act on granulosa cells via shared signaling pathways, mainly protein kinases A, B, and C (PKA, PKB, and PKC), there is still very little information available on how these signaling pathways are regulated by each hormone to provide such differences in gene expression throughout folliculogenesis. To obtain a global picture of the principal upstream factors involved in PKA, PKB, and PKC signaling in granulosa cells, human granulosa-like tumor cells (KGN) were treated with FSH or specific activators (forskolin, SC79, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) for each pathway to analyze gene expression with RNA-seq technology. Normalization and cutoffs (FC 1.5, P ≤ 0.05) revealed 3864 differentially expressed genes between treatments. Analysis of major upstream regulators showed that PKA is a master kinase of early cell differentiation as its activation resulted in the gene expression profile that accompanies granulosa cell differentiation. Our data also revealed that the activation of PKC in granulosa cells is also a strong differentiation signal that could control "advanced" differentiation in granulosa cells and the inflammatory cascade that occurs in the dominant follicle. According to our results, PKB activation provides support for PKA-stimulated gene expression and is also involved in granulosa cell survival throughout follicular development. Taken together, our results provide new information on PKA, PKB, and PKC signaling pathways and their roles in stimulating a follicle at the crossroad between maturation/ovulation and atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Tremblay
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département des Sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département des Sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Tepekoy F, Akkoyunlu G. The interaction of Wnt signaling members with growth factors in cultured granulosa cells. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20190106. [PMID: 32714449 PMCID: PMC7375871 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2019-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt family members have recently been distinguished in the adult ovary with potential roles in ovarian function. Though particular growth factors interact with Wnt signaling members in extraovarian cell types, it is unclear whether this interaction is applicable in the granulosa cells. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-β) on Wnt ligands WNT2 and WNT4 and Wnt receptor Frizzled-4 (FZD4) protein levels in cultured mouse granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were isolated from antral follicles of adult Balb/C mice and cultured for 24 hours in the presence of 100 ng/mL of IGF-I, or EGF or FGF-β. WNT2, WNT4 and FZD4 protein levels were evaluated through western blotting after the culture process. IGF-I treated granulosa cells had significantly the highest level of WNT2 and WNT4 as well as FZD4 when compared to FGF-β and EGF groups. FGF-β group had a significantly higher level of WNT2, WNT4 and FZD4 expression when compared to EGF group. FZD4 expression was at the highest level in the IGF-I group and this difference was statistically significant for all groups including uncultured cells and vehicle group. In addition, FGF-β was shown to positively affect the adhesion of granulosa cells. This study demonstrates that IGF-I, FGF-β and EGF have differential effects on the expressions of WNT2, WNT4, and FZD4 in cultured mouse granulosa cells, suggesting that particular growth factors related to ovarian function might conduct their roles in the ovary through Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Tepekoy
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Akkoyunlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Das N, Kumar TR. Molecular regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis, secretion and action. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R131-R155. [PMID: 29437880 PMCID: PMC5851872 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays fundamental roles in male and female fertility. FSH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein expressed by gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary. The hormone-specific FSHβ-subunit is non-covalently associated with the common α-subunit that is also present in the luteinizing hormone (LH), another gonadotrophic hormone secreted by gonadotrophs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by thyrotrophs. Several decades of research led to the purification, structural characterization and physiological regulation of FSH in a variety of species including humans. With the advent of molecular tools, availability of immortalized gonadotroph cell lines and genetically modified mouse models, our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of FSH regulation has tremendously expanded. Several key players that regulate FSH synthesis, sorting, secretion and action in gonads and extragonadal tissues have been identified in a physiological setting. Novel post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms have also been identified that provide additional layers of regulation mediating FSH homeostasis. Recombinant human FSH analogs hold promise for a variety of clinical applications, whereas blocking antibodies against FSH may prove efficacious for preventing age-dependent bone loss and adiposity. It is anticipated that several exciting new discoveries uncovering all aspects of FSH biology will soon be forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandana Das
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
| | - T. Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
- Author for Correspondence: T. Rajendra Kumar, PhD, Edgar L. and Patricia M. Makowski Professor, Associate Vice-Chair of Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8613, Research Complex 2, Room # 15-3000B, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Tel: 303-724-8689,
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor: Advances and Remaining Challenges. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 338:1-58. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang M, Sun F, Chen F, Zhou B, Duan Y, Su H, Lin X. Subcellular proteomic approach for identifying the signaling effectors of protein kinase C-β₂ under high glucose conditions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7247-62. [PMID: 26459836 PMCID: PMC4626174 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The high glucose‑induced activation of protein kinase C‑β2 (PKC‑β2) has an essential role in the pathophysiology of diabetes‑associated vascular disease. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in high and normal glucose conditions prior to being infected with a recombinant adenovirus to induce the overexpression of PKC‑β2. The activity of PKC‑β2 was also decreased using a selective PKC‑β2 inhibitor. A series of two‑dimensional electrophoresis images detected ~800 spots in the nuclei, and ~600 spots in the cytosol. Following intra‑ and inter‑group cross‑matching, 38 significantly altered spots were identified as high glucose‑induced and PKC‑β2‑associated nuclear proteins. In addition to the observation that the regulation of key proteins involved in the nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signaling cascade occurred in the cytosol, various transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor δ (PPAR‑δ), were also altered in the nuclei. A human protein‑protein interaction network of potential connections of PKC‑β2‑associated proteins was constructed in the proteomics investigation using Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets. The results indicated that PKC‑β2 may be involved in high glucose‑induced glucose and lipid crosstalk by regulating PPAR‑δ. In addition, NF‑κB inhibitor‑interacting Ras‑like protein 1 may be important in the PKC‑β2‑NF‑κB inhibitor‑NF‑κB signaling pathway in HUVECs under high‑glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Liu W, Du J, Yu Y, Liang N, Liang M, Yao G, Cui S, Huang H, Sun F. NGF promotes mouse granulosa cell proliferation by inhibiting ESR2 mediated down-regulation of CDKN1A. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 406:68-77. [PMID: 25737208 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to play key roles in ovarian follicular development, such as the assembly of early follicles and follicular ovulation through its high-affinity receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor A (trkA). Herein, the molecular mechanism controlling NGF-induced granulosa cell (GC) proliferation was not clear. In this study, we found that NGF is abundant in preantral GCs and knockdown of trkA in GCs attenuated NGF-induced GC proliferation and further decreased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), also named p21, a factor which could be either a negative or a positive regulator via transformation related protein 53 (TRP53, also named p53)-dependent or independent pathways in cell proliferation, was up-regulated during the process of NGF-induced GC proliferation. Blockade of trkA (K252α) and ERK1/2 (U0126) in GCs decreased NGF-induced expression of CDKN1A and did not alter the expression of TRP53, indicating that NGF stimulates CDKN1A expression via the trkA-ERK1/2 pathway in a TRP53-independent manner. Meanwhile, ESR2, a tumor suppressor which is exclusively expressed in GCs, was suppressed in NGF-induced GC proliferation, and this effect was abrogated by U0126. Blockade of ESR2 (ICI182,780) caused the promotion of GC proliferation and CDKN1A expression, indicating that ESR2 may be downstream of the ERK1/2 pathway in mediating the effect of CDKN1A on NGF-induced GC proliferation. Therefore, ESR2 may be involved in the integration of intracellular signal cascades and cell cycle proteins in affecting GC proliferation. Here, we provide mechanistic insights into the roles of CDKN1A in NGF-induced GC proliferation. Understanding potential cross-points between CDKN1A and ESR2 affecting GC proliferation will help in the discovery of new therapeutic targets in some female infertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Juan Du
- Xinxiang Medical College, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jinzhou Medical College, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Ning Liang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Meng Liang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guidong Yao
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fei Sun
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Tepekoy F, Ustunel I, Akkoyunlu G. Protein kinase C isoforms α, δ and ε are differentially expressed in mouse ovaries at different stages of postnatal development. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:117. [PMID: 25491605 PMCID: PMC4271327 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-014-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine kinases that consists of 12 different isoforms. Since PKC isoform expressions are known to be specific for different cell types and postnatal developmental stages, we aimed to determine immunolocalizations and protein expression levels of different PKC isoforms in pre-pubertal, pubertal and adult mouse ovaries. Methods Ovaries were obtained from postnatal day 1 (PND1) and PND7 of pre-pubertal, PND21 of pubertal and PND60 of adult mice. Immunolocalizations of PKCα, PKCδ and PKCε isoforms were determined and immunostainings in different cellular components of all follicular stages were evaluated by H-Score. PKCα, PKCδ and PKCε protein expression levels were determined by Western blot. The bands were quantified via ImageJ software. The data obtained from H-Score and ImageJ evaluations were analyzed by ANOVA statistical test. Results PKCα immunostainings were more intense in oocytes when compared to granulosa and theca cells at different follicular stages of all groups. The Western blot analysis revealed that PKCα expression was significantly higher in PND60 adult ovaries. Conversely, PKCδ immunostainings were more intense in granulosa cells. According to the Western blot analysis, PKCδ protein expression was also higher in PND60 and significantly lower in PND1 ovaries. PKCε immunostaining was more apparent in oocytes. PKCε protein expression was significantly higher in adult PND60 and pubertal PND21 ovaries when compared to pre-pubertal PND7 and PND1 ovaries. Interestingly, PKCε immunostaining was significantly higher in primordial follicles, though PKCα and PKCδ immunostainings were more apparent in larger follicles. PKCα immunostainings of corpora lutea (CL) were significantly higher when compared to follicles in PND60 ovaries. Conclusions This study demonstrates that PKCα, PKCδ and PKCε isoforms are differentially expressed in particular cellular components of pre-pubertal, pubertal and adult mouse ovarian follicles. Therefore, we suggest that each PKC isoform has unique functions that are controlled by gonadotropin dependent mechanisms during follicular growth, oocyte maturation, ovulation and luteinization.
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Landomiel F, Gallay N, Jégot G, Tranchant T, Durand G, Bourquard T, Crépieux P, Poupon A, Reiter E. Biased signalling in follicle stimulating hormone action. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:452-459. [PMID: 24121199 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a crucial role in the control of reproduction by specifically binding to and activating a membrane receptor (FSHR) that belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Similar to all GPCRs, FSHR activation mechanisms have generally been viewed as a two-state process connecting a unique FSH-bound active receptor to the Gs/cAMP pathway. Over the last decade, paralleling the breakthroughs that were made in the GPCR field, our understanding of FSH actions at the molecular level has dramatically changed. There are numerous facts indicating that the active FSHR is connected to a complex signalling network rather than the sole Gs/cAMP pathway. Consistently, the FSHR probably exists in equilibrium between multiple conformers, a subset of them being stabilized upon ligand binding. Importantly, the nature of the stabilized conformers of the receptor directly depends on the chemical structure of the ligand bound. This implies that it is possible to selectively control the intracellular signalling pathways activated by using biased ligands. Such biased ligands can be of different nature: small chemical molecules, glycosylation variants of the hormone or antibody/hormone complexes. Likewise, mutations or polymorphisms affecting the FSHR can also lead to stabilization of preferential conformers, hence to selective modulation of signalling pathways. These emerging notions offer a new conceptual framework that could potentially lead to the development of more specific drugs while also improving the way FSHR mutants/variants are functionally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Landomiel
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Gallay
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Gwenhael Jégot
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Thibaud Tranchant
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Durand
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Thomas Bourquard
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France.
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León K, Gallay N, Poupon A, Reiter E, Dalbies-Tran R, Crepieux P. Integrating microRNAs into the complexity of gonadotropin signaling networks. Front Cell Dev Biol 2013; 1:3. [PMID: 25364708 PMCID: PMC4206998 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2013.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a master endocrine regulator of mammalian reproductive functions. Hence, it is used to stimulate folliculogenesis in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), both in women and in breeding animals. However, the side effects that hormone administration induces in some instances jeopardize the success of ART. Similarly, the luteinizing hormone (LH) is also of paramount importance in the reproductive function because it regulates steroidogenesis and the LH surge is a pre-requisite to ovulation. Gaining knowledge as extensive as possible on gonadotropin-induced biological responses could certainly lead to precise selection of their effects in vivo by the use of selective agonists at the hormone receptors. Hence, over the years, numerous groups have contributed to decipher the cellular events induced by FSH and LH in their gonadal target cells. Although little is known on the effect of gonadotropins on microRNA expression so far, recent data have highlighted that a microRNA regulatory network is likely to superimpose on the signaling protein network. No doubt that this will dramatically alter our current understanding of the gonadotropin-induced signaling networks. This is the topic of this review to present this additional level of complexity within the gonadotropin signaling network, in the context of recent findings on the microRNA machinery in the gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly León
- BIOS Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Gallay
- BIOS Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- BIOS Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- BIOS Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Rozenn Dalbies-Tran
- BINGO Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Pascale Crepieux
- BIOS Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais Tours, France
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12
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Parte S, Bhartiya D, Manjramkar DD, Chauhan A, Joshi A. Stimulation of ovarian stem cells by follicle stimulating hormone and basic fibroblast growth factor during cortical tissue culture. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:20. [PMID: 23547966 PMCID: PMC3635909 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissue acts as a source of primordial follicles (PF) which can either be auto-transplanted or cultured in vitro to obtain mature oocytes. This offers a good opportunity to attain biological parenthood to individuals with gonadal insufficiency including cancer survivors. However, role of various intra- and extra-ovarian factors during PF growth initiation still remain poorly understood. Ovarian biology has assumed a different dimension due to emerging data on presence of pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs) in ovary surface epithelium (OSE) and the concept of postnatal oogenesis. The present study was undertaken to decipher effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the growth initiation of PF during organ culture with a focus on ovarian stem cells. Methods Serum-free cultures of marmoset (n=3) and human (young and peri-menopausal) ovarian cortical tissue pieces were established. Cortical tissue pieces stimulated with FSH (0.5 IU/ml) or bFGF (100 ng/ml) were collected on Day 3 for histological and molecular studies. Gene transcripts specific for pluripotency (Oct-4A, Nanog), early germ cells (Oct-4, c-Kit, Vasa) and to reflect PF growth initiation (oocyte-specific Gdf-9 and Lhx8, and granulosa cells specific Amh) were studied by q-RTPCR. Results A prominent proliferation of OSE (which harbors stem cells) and transition of PF to primary follicles was observed after FSH and bFGF treatment. Ovarian stem cells were found to be released on the culture inserts and retained the potential to spontaneously differentiate into oocyte-like structures in extended cultures. q-RTPCR analysis revealed an increased expression of gene transcripts specific for VSELs, OGSCs and early germ cells suggestive of follicular transition. Conclusion The present study shows that both FSH and bFGF stimulate stem cells present in OSE and also lead to PF growth initiation. Thus besides being a source of PF, cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissue could also be a source of stem cells which retain the ability to spontaneously differentiate into oocyte-like structures in vitro. Results provide a paradigm shift in the basic understanding of FSH action and also offer a new perspective to the field of oncofertility research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Parte
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
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Wang J, Chen Q, Zhou J, Wen J, Bian F, Li G, Mu X, Han Y, Xia G, Zhang M. Specific protein kinase C isoforms α and βI are involved in follicle-stimulating hormone-induced mouse follicle-enclosed oocytes meiotic resumption. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45043. [PMID: 23028752 PMCID: PMC3445551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in gonadotrophin-induced oocyte maturation. In the present study, we investigated the role of specific PKC isoforms in the process of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced oocyte meiotic resumption. Small antral follicles (200–300 µm in diameter) were isolated from immature mice and cultured in vitro. FSH significantly induced follicle-enclosed oocytes (FEOs) meiotic resumption after 8 hr culture. However, the induced effect of FSH was dose-dependently inhibited by the specific PKC α and βI inhibitor Gö6976, and 100 nM Gö6976 completely blocked FSH function in oocyte meiotic resumption. Furthermore, FSH dramatically induced the expression of transcripts encoding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors Areg, Btc, and Ereg mRNA levels, and up-regulated tyrosine phosphorylation level of EGF receptor (EGFR) in granulosa cells. Blocking the function of EGFR by AG1478 eliminated the effect of FSH-induced FEOs meiotic resumption, suggesting that FSH induced oocyte maturation through the activation of EGFR. FSH-induced phosphorylation of EGFR could also be inhibited by Gö6976. Next, we examined the effect of FSH on the expression and phosphorylation PKC α and βI. FSH induced the expression of PKC α at mRNA and protein level, and also up-regulated its phosphorylation level in granulosa cells after 8 hr culture. However, FSH had no effect on the expression of PKC βI but down-regulated its phosphorylation level. In conclusion, FSH-induced activation of PKC α alone, or together with the inactivation of PKC βI in granulosa cells, participates in mouse oocyte meiotic resumption, possibly by the activation of EGFR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Deguchi R, Takeda N, Stricker SA. Comparative biology of cAMP-induced germinal vesicle breakdown in marine invertebrate oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:708-25. [PMID: 21774023 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During maturation, oocytes must undergo a process of nuclear disassembly, or "germinal vesicle breakdown" (GVBD), that is regulated by signaling pathways involving cyclic AMP (cAMP). In vertebrate and starfish oocytes, cAMP elevation typically prevents GVBD. Alternatively, increased concentrations of intra-oocytic cAMP trigger, rather than inhibit, GVBD in several groups of marine invertebrates. To integrate what is known about the stimulation of GVBD by intra-oocytic cAMP, this article reviews published data for ascidian, bivalve, brittle star, jellyfish, and nemertean oocytes. The bulk of the review concentrates on the three most intensively analyzed groups known to display cAMP-induced GVBD-nemerteans, ascidians, and jellyfish. In addition, this synopsis also presents some previously unpublished findings regarding the stimulatory effects of intra-oocytic cAMP on GVBD in jellyfish and the annelid worm Pseudopotamilla occelata. Finally, factors that may account for the currently known distribution of cAMP-induced GVBD across animal groups are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusaku Deguchi
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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15
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Gloaguen P, Crépieux P, Heitzler D, Poupon A, Reiter E. Mapping the follicle-stimulating hormone-induced signaling networks. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:45. [PMID: 22666216 PMCID: PMC3364461 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a central regulator of male and female reproductive function. Over the last decade, there has been a growing perception of the complexity associated with FSH-induced cellular signaling. It is now clear that the canonical Gs/cAMP/PKA pathway is not the sole mechanism that must be considered in FSH biological actions. In parallel, consistent with the emerging concept of biased agonism, several examples of ligand-mediated selective signaling pathway activation by gonadotropin receptors have been reported. In this context, it is important to gain an integrative view of the signaling pathways induced by FSH and how they interconnect to form a network. In this review, we propose a first attempt at building topological maps of various pathways known to be involved in the FSH-induced signaling network. We discuss the multiple facets of FSH-induced signaling and how they converge to the hormone integrated biological response. Despite of their incompleteness, these maps of the FSH-induced signaling network represent a first step toward gaining a system-level comprehension of this hormone's actions, which may ultimately facilitate the discovery of novel regulatory processes and therapeutic strategies for infertility and non-steroidal contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gloaguen
- BIOS Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des ComportementsNouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRSNouzilly, France
- Université François RabelaisTours, France
- L’Institut Français du Cheval et de l’ÉquitationNouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- BIOS Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des ComportementsNouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRSNouzilly, France
- Université François RabelaisTours, France
- L’Institut Français du Cheval et de l’ÉquitationNouzilly, France
| | - Domitille Heitzler
- BIOS Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des ComportementsNouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRSNouzilly, France
- Université François RabelaisTours, France
- L’Institut Français du Cheval et de l’ÉquitationNouzilly, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- BIOS Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des ComportementsNouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRSNouzilly, France
- Université François RabelaisTours, France
- L’Institut Français du Cheval et de l’ÉquitationNouzilly, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- BIOS Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des ComportementsNouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRSNouzilly, France
- Université François RabelaisTours, France
- L’Institut Français du Cheval et de l’ÉquitationNouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Eric Reiter, INRA UMR85, CNRS-Université François Rabelais UMR6175, 37380, Nouzilly, France. e-mail:
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Wang C, Roy SK. Expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in perinatal hamster ovary: possible involvement in primordial follicle formation and regulation by follicle-stimulating hormone. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2319-30. [PMID: 20219978 PMCID: PMC2869259 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the expression and hormonal regulation of E-cadherin (CDH1) and N-cadherin (CDH2) with respect to primordial follicle formation. Hamster Cdh1 and Cdh2 cDNA and amino acid sequences were more than 90% similar to those of the mouse, rat, and human. Although CDH1 expression remained exclusively in the oocytes during neonatal ovary development, CDH2 expression shifted from the oocytes to granulosa cells of primordial follicles on postnatal day (P)8. Subsequently, strong CDH2 expression was restricted to granulosa cells of growing follicles. Cdh2 mRNA levels in the ovary decreased from embryonic d 13 through P10 with a transient increase on P7, which was the day before the appearance of primordial follicles. Cdh1 mRNA levels decreased from embryonic d 13 through P3 and then showed a transient increase on P8, coinciding with the formation of primordial follicles. CDH1 and CDH2 expression were consistent with that of mRNA. Neutralization of FSH in utero impaired primordial follicle formation with an associated decrease in Cdh2 mRNA and CDH2, but an increase in Cdh1 mRNA and CDH1 expression. The altered expression was reversed by equine chorionic gonadotropin treatment on P1. Whereas a CDH2 antibody significantly reduced the formation of primordial and primary follicles in vitro, a CDH1 antibody had the opposite effect. This is the first evidence to suggest that primordial follicle formation requires a differential spatiotemporal expression and action of CDH1 and CDH2. Further, FSH regulation of primordial follicle formation may involve the action of CDH1 and CDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-4515, USA
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17
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Binelli M, Murphy BD. Coordinated regulation of follicle development by germ and somatic cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:1-12. [PMID: 20003840 DOI: 10.1071/rd09218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuum of folliculogenesis begins in the fetal ovary with the differentiation of the oogonia and their isolation within the primordial follicles. Primordial follicle activation is an enigmatic process, whereby some follicles enter the growing pool to become primary follicles, thereby embarking on an irreversible progression towards ovulation or atresia. This process is under the coordinated regulation of factors from the oocyte itself, as well as from the somatic cells of the ovary, in particular the theca and granulosa cells, which are structural components of the follicle. These two influences provide the principal stimuli for the growth of the follicle to the late preantral or early antral stage of development. The endocrine effects of the gonadotrophins FSH and LH are essential to the continued progression of the follicle and most atresia can be attributed to the failure to receive or process the gonadotrophin signals. The peri-ovulatory state has received intensive investigation recently, demonstrating a coordinated role for gonadotrophins, steroids, epidermal growth factor family proteins and prostaglandins. Thus, a complex programme of coordinated interaction of governing elements from both germ and somatic cell sources is required for successful follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Binelli
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
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Stricker SA. Interactions between mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase C signaling during oocyte maturation and fertilization in a marine worm. Mol Reprod Dev 2009; 76:708-21. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sriraman V, Modi SR, Bodenburg Y, Denner LA, Urban RJ. Identification of ERK and JNK as signaling mediators on protein kinase C activation in cultured granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008; 294:52-60. [PMID: 18694803 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PKC signaling is critical for follicular development and the induction of ovulatory genes including Pgr, Prkg2, and Cyp11a1 (SCC). We investigated PKC signaling mechanisms in the JC-410 porcine granulosa cell line stably expressing an SCC-luciferase reporter gene containing 2kb of the porcine SCC promoter. Addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which activates protein kinase C, induced the promoter approximately 6-fold over the basal levels in 4h. This effect was predominantly mediated by the PKC beta and delta isoforms. PMA-mediated induction of the SCC promoter was sensitive to inhibition of ERK1/2 or JNK. Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase or Src tyrosine kinase did not alter the PMA-mediated inducibility of the promoter. SCC promoter induction in response to PMA treatment required basal EGF-receptor activity, but did not involve ectodomain shedding. Western blot analyses using phospho-specific antibodies showed that PMA treatment of JC-410 cells induced phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and its downstream target p90 RSK at 15min. We also documented the rapid phosphorylation of JNK1/2 in response to PMA treatment. Phosphorylation of ERK and JNK was robust and sustained in contrast to activation of PKA and EGF-receptor signaling in these cells. Pretreatment of JC-410 granulosa cells with IGF-1 had a synergistic effect on PMA-mediated induction of the SCC promoter. We demonstrated the importance of PMA activation of ERK signaling and the synergism with IGF-1 by showing similar responses for Prkg2 expression in primary granulosa cells. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated PMA activation of ERK and JNK signaling which is relevant in the regulation of gene expression during follicular development, ovulation, and luteinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataraman Sriraman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA.
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Liang CG, Su YQ, Fan HY, Schatten H, Sun QY. Mechanisms Regulating Oocyte Meiotic Resumption: Roles of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase. Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21:2037-55. [PMID: 17536005 DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractOocyte meiotic maturation is one of the important physiological requirements for species survival. However, little is known about the detailed events occurring during this process. A number of studies have demonstrated that MAPK plays a pivotal role in the regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression in oocytes, but controversial findings have been reported in both lower vertebrates and mammals. In this review, we summarized the roles of MAPK cascade and related signal pathways in oocyte meiotic reinitiation in both lower vertebrates and mammals. We also tried to reconcile the paradoxical results and highlight the new findings concerning the function of MAPK in both oocytes and the surrounding follicular somatic cells. The unresolved questions and future research directions regarding the role of MAPK in meiotic resumption are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Guang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang Beijing 100101, China
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Diaz FJ, Wigglesworth K, Eppig JJ. Oocytes are required for the preantral granulosa cell to cumulus cell transition in mice. Dev Biol 2007; 305:300-11. [PMID: 17368609 PMCID: PMC1899534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Preantral granulosa cells (PAGCs) differentiate into cumulus cells following antrum formation. Cumulus cells, but not PAGCs, are competent to undergo expansion. Experiments reported here tested the respective roles of both oocytes and FSH in the transition of preantral granulosa cells to cumulus cells competent to undergo expansion. PAGC-oocyte complexes were cultured with or without a low dose of FSH (0.005 IU/ml) and isolated PAGCs were cultured with or without oocytes. At the end of culture, complexes or isolated PAGCs were tested for their ability to undergo cumulus expansion and upregulate expansion transcripts in response to EGF or FSH (0.5 IU/ml). The ability to undergo expansion in response to EGF required the presence of oocytes but not FSH during the culture period. Likewise, complexes isolated from the ovaries of hypogonadal mice, which lack circulating gonadotropins, underwent expansion in response to EGF, but not FSH. In contrast, the ability to activate MAPK3/1 and MAPK14 and undergo expansion in response to FSH required prior exposure to low doses of FSH. However, these low levels (0.005 or 0.025 IU FSH/ml) suppressed expression of Slc38a3 and Amh, two transcripts highly expressed in cumulus cells, suggesting opposing effects of FSH on cumulus cell differentiation. In conclusion, the ability to undergo expansion in response to FSH requires prior exposure to FSH during development, while oocyte-derived factors alone are sufficient to promote the ability to undergo expansion in response to EGF. These results highlight the crucial role of oocytes in driving the differentiation of PAGCs into cumulus cells during the preantral to antral follicle transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Diaz
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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