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Mahmoodi M, Bakhshi S, Sadeghzadeh F. Neutralizing the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide on the mouse testis and sperm parameters through pentoxifylline: A molecular and stereological study. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14543. [DOI: 10.1111/and.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Mahmoodi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Arak University Arak Iran
| | - Sepideh Bakhshi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Arak University Arak Iran
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2
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Newman H, Catt S, Vining B, Vollenhoven B, Horta F. DNA repair and response to sperm DNA damage in oocytes and embryos, and the potential consequences in ART: a systematic review. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 28:6483093. [PMID: 34954800 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm DNA damage is considered a predictive factor for the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing ART. Laboratory evidence suggests that zygotes and developing embryos have adopted specific response and repair mechanisms to repair DNA damage of paternal origin. We have conducted a systematic review in accordance with guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to identify and review the maternal mechanisms used to respond and repair sperm DNA damage during early embryonic development, how these mechanisms operate and their potential clinical implications. The literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases until May 2021. Out of 6297 articles initially identified, 36 studies were found to be relevant through cross referencing and were fully extracted. The collective evidence in human and animal models indicate that the early embryo has the capacity to repair DNA damage within sperm by activating maternally driven mechanisms throughout embryonic development. However, this capacity is limited and likely declines with age. The link between age and decreased DNA repair capacity could explain decreased oocyte quality in older women, poor reproductive outcomes in idiopathic cases, and patients who present high sperm DNA damage. Ultimately, further understanding mechanisms underlying the maternal repair of sperm DNA damage could lead to the development of targeted therapies to decrease sperm DNA damage, improved oocyte quality to combat incoming DNA insults or lead to development of methodologies to identify individual spermatozoa without DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Newman
- Education Program in Reproduction & Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - S Catt
- Education Program in Reproduction & Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - B Vining
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - B Vollenhoven
- Education Program in Reproduction & Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.,Monash IVF, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Women's and Newborn Program, Monash Health, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - F Horta
- Education Program in Reproduction & Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.,Monash IVF, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
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3
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Paternal exposure to antirheumatic drugs—What physicians should know: Review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2018; 48:343-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Xu J, Sinclair KD. One-carbon metabolism and epigenetic regulation of embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:667-76. [PMID: 25710200 DOI: 10.1071/rd14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One-carbon (1C) metabolism consists of an integrated series of metabolic pathways that include the folate cycle and methionine remethylation and trans-sulfuration pathways. Most, but not all, 1C metabolic enzymes are expressed in somatic cells of the ovary, mammalian oocytes and in preimplantation embryos. The metabolic implications of this, with regard to the provision of methyl donors (e.g. betaine) and 1C cofactors (e.g. vitamin B12), together with consequences of polymorphic variances in genes encoding 1C enzymes, are not fully understood but are the subject of ongoing investigations at the authors' laboratory. However, deficiencies in 1C-related substrates and/or cofactors during the periconception period are known to lead to epigenetic alterations in DNA and histone methylation in genes that regulate key developmental processes in the embryo. Such epigenetic modifications have been demonstrated to negatively impact on the subsequent health and metabolism of offspring. For this reason, parental nutrition around the time of conception has become a focal point of investigation in many laboratories with the aim of providing improved nutritional advice to couples. These issues are considered in detail in this article, which offers a contemporary overview of the effects of 1C metabolism on epigenetic programming in mammalian gametes and the early embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kevin D Sinclair
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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5
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Immunosuppressants and Male Reproduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1034:179-210. [PMID: 29256132 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69535-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged use of immunosuppressant medications is occasionally seen in infertile men with chronic inflammatory conditions; autoimmune disorders; or an organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Chronic inflammation impacts negatively on male reproductive endpoints, so immunosuppressant therapy can produce improvements. Corticosteroids have been used to treat antisperm antibodies and even as an empirical treatment for male infertility in general. Trials of these methods have provided mixed results on semen quality and fertility, with improvement, no change and negative effects reported by different investigators. In a substantial number of observational studies, patients on long-term therapy with prednisone for chronic inflammatory disease, testosterone levels were lower compared to untreated controls, though randomized controlled trials have not been conducted. Similarly decreases in testosterone have been reported in men receiving corticosteroids to minimize transplant rejection; however, most were treated with multiple immunosuppressive medications that may have contributed to this effect. A large number of trials of healthy men treated with corticosteroids have shown some disruption in reproductive hormone levels, but other studies reported no effect. Studies in monkeys, rats (at human equivalent dose), cattle, sheep, and horses have shown endocrine disruption, including low testosterone with dexamethasone treatment. Of the cytostatic immunosuppressives, which have high potential for cellular damage, cyclophosphamide has received the most attention, sometimes lowering sperm counts significantly. Methotrexate may decrease sperm numbers in humans and has significant negative impacts in rodents. Other chemotherapeutic drugs used as immunosuppressants are likely to impact negatively on male fertility endpoints, but few data have been collected. The TNF-α Inhibitors have also received little experimental attention. There is some evidence that the immunophilin modulators: cyclosporine, sirolimus, and everolimus cause endocrine disruption and semen quality impairment. As we review in this chapter, results in experimental species are concerning, and well-designed studies are lacking for the effects of these medications on reproductive endpoints in men.
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6
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Fontelles CC, Carney E, Clarke J, Nguyen NM, Yin C, Jin L, Cruz MI, Ong TP, Hilakivi-Clarke L, de Assis S. Paternal overweight is associated with increased breast cancer risk in daughters in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28602. [PMID: 27339599 PMCID: PMC4919621 DOI: 10.1038/srep28602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While many studies have shown that maternal weight and nutrition in pregnancy affects offspring's breast cancer risk, no studies have investigated the impact of paternal body weight on daughters' risk of this disease. Here, we show that diet-induced paternal overweight around the time of conception can epigenetically reprogram father's germ-line and modulate their daughters' birth weight and likelihood of developing breast cancer, using a mouse model. Increased body weight was associated with changes in the miRNA expression profile in paternal sperm. Daughters of overweight fathers had higher rates of carcinogen-induced mammary tumors which were associated with delayed mammary gland development and alterations in mammary miRNA expression. The hypoxia signaling pathway, targeted by miRNAs down-regulated in daughters of overweight fathers, was activated in their mammary tissues and tumors. This study provides evidence that paternal peri-conceptional body weight may affect daughters' mammary development and breast cancer risk and warrants further studies in other animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camile Castilho Fontelles
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Departament of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo and Food Research Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elissa Carney
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Johan Clarke
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nguyen M Nguyen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chao Yin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas Prates Ong
- Departament of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo and Food Research Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leena Hilakivi-Clarke
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sonia de Assis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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7
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Gawecka JE, Ribas-Maynou J, Benet J, Ward WS. A model for the control of DNA integrity by the sperm nuclear matrix. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:610-5. [PMID: 25926613 PMCID: PMC4492052 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.153853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly condensed chromatin of mammalian spermatozoa is usually considered to be biologically inert before fertilization. However, we have demonstrated that even in this compacted state, sperm chromatin is subject to degradation at open configurations associated with the nuclear matrix through a process we have termed sperm chromatin fragmentation (SCF). This suggests that a mechanism exists to monitor the health of spermatozoa during transit through the male reproductive tract and to destroy the genome of defective sperm cells. The site of DNA damage in SCF, the matrix attachment sites, are the same that we hypothesize initiate DNA synthesis in the zygote. When sperm that have damaged DNA are injected into the oocyte, the newly created zygote responds by delaying DNA synthesis in the male pronucleus and, if the damage is severe enough, arresting the embryo's development. Here we present a model for paternal DNA regulation by the nuclear matrix that begins during sperm maturation and continues through early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W Steven Ward
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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8
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Ortega MA, Ko M, Marh J, Finberg A, Oshiro M, Ward WS. Presence of the Paternal Pronucleus Assists Embryo in Overcoming Cycloheximide Induced Abnormalities in Zygotic Mitosis. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1806-12. [PMID: 26729559 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
After fertilization, the maternal and paternal chromosomes independently proceed through pronuclear formation. These chromatin reconfigurations occur within a shared cytoplasm thus exposing both gametes to the same factors. Here, we report that continuous cycloheximide [40 μg/mL] treatment of parthenogenotes, androgenotes, and ICSI embryos reveals ORC2 pronuclear instability in the maternal (MPN) but not the paternal pronucleus (PPN). When released from CHX after 8 h, the MPN can recover ORC2 and proceed through replication, however, parthenogenotes encounter severe mitotic defects while both ICSI embryos and androgenotes are able to recover and develop at significantly higher rates. Taken together, these data suggest cycloheximide treatment promotes an environment that asymmetrically affects the stability of ORC2 on the MPN, and the ability of the MPN to develop. Furthermore, the presence of the PPN in the zygote can ameliorate both effects. These data suggest further evidence for crosstalk between the two pronuclei during the first cell cycle of the embryo. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1806-1812, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Ortega
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Myungjun Ko
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Joel Marh
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Ariel Finberg
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Marissa Oshiro
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - W Steven Ward
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
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Gawecka JE, Boaz S, Kasperson K, Nguyen H, Evenson DP, Ward WS. Luminal fluid of epididymis and vas deferens contributes to sperm chromatin fragmentation. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:2725-36. [PMID: 26466911 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do the luminal fluids of the epididymis and the vas deferens contribute to sperm chromatin fragmentation (SCF) in mice? SUMMARY ANSWER The luminal fluids of both organs are required for activating SCF in mice, but the vas deferens luminal fluid does this more efficiently than that of the epididymis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mice sperm have the ability to degrade their DNA in an apoptotic-like fashion when treated with divalent cations in a process termed SCF. SCF has two steps: the induction of reversible double-strand DNA breaks at the nuclear matrix attachment sites, followed by the irreversible degradation of DNA by nuclease. Single stranded DNA breaks accompany SCF. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Luminal fluids from two reproductive organs of the mouse (B6D2F1 strain), the epididymis and vas deferens, were extracted and tested for SCF activation with divalent cations using four different combinations of the sperm and the surrounding luminal fluids: (i) in situ--sperm were kept in their luminal fluid and activated directly; (ii) reconstituted--sperm were centrifuged and resuspended in their luminal fluid before SCF activation; (iii) mixed--sperm were centrifuged and resuspended in the luminal fluid of the other organ; (iv) no luminal fluid--sperm were centrifuged and reconstituted in buffer. All four experiments were performed without (controls) and with divalent cations (resulting in SCF). For each experimental condition, two different mice were used and the analyses averaged. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS DNA damage by SCF was analyzed by three different methods, the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis and field inversion gel electrophoresis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In all three assays that we used, the vas deferens luminal fluid was much more efficient in stimulating SCF in the sperm from either source than that of the epididymis (P < 0.0001). Vas deferens sperm were capable of initiating lower levels of SCF in the absence of luminal fluid (P < 0.0001). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Analyses were performed in only one species, the mouse, but we used three separate assays in our analysis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The data suggest that the luminal fluid of the male reproductive tract interacts with sperm during their transit providing a mechanism to degrade the DNA. We hypothesize that this is part of an apoptotic-like mechanism that allows the reproductive tract to eliminate defective sperm. The SCF model also allowed us to identify differences in the types of DNA lesions that the three tests can identify, providing important background information for the use of these tests clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Segal Boaz
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Donald P Evenson
- SCSA Diagnostics, Brookings, SD, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanford Medical School, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - W Steven Ward
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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10
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Zakhidov ST, Pavlyuchenkova SM, Samoylov AV, Mudzhiri NM, Marshak TL, Rudoy VM, Dement’eva OV, Zelenina IA, Skuridin SG, Yevdokimov YM. Bovine sperm chromatin is not protected from the effects of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles. BIOL BULL+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359013060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Santos R, Palos-Ladeiro M, Besnard A, Reggio J, Vulliet E, Porcher JM, Bony S, Sanchez W, Devaux A. Parental exposure to methyl methane sulfonate of three-spined stickleback: contribution of DNA damage in male and female germ cells to further development impairment in progeny. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:815-824. [PMID: 23744483 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Data regarding the link between DNA integrity of germ cells and the quality of progeny in fish exposed to genotoxicant are scarce although such information is of value to understand genotoxic effects of contaminants in aquatic fauna. This work aimed at studying the consequences of a parental exposure during the breeding season on offspring quality in three-spined stickleback. After in vivo exposure of adult fish to methyl methane sulfonate, a model alkylating compound, a clear increase in DNA damage was observed in erythrocytes of both genders, here used as a biomarker of exposure. MMS exposure significantly affected sperm DNA integrity but neither female fecundity nor fertilization success. In order to understand the contribution of each sex to potential deleterious effects in progeny due to parental exposure, mating of males and females exposed or not to MMS, was carried out. Exposure of both males and females or of males alone led to a significant increase in both mortality during embryo-larval stages and abnormality rate at hatching that appeared to be sensitive stages. Thus, in accordance with recent studies carried out in other freshwater fish species, such development defects in progeny were clearly driven by male genome, known to be devoid of DNA repair capacity in spermatozoa. The next step will be to investigate the link between DNA damage in stickleback sperm and reproductive impairment in natural populations exposed to complex mixture of genotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Santos
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Gawecka JE, Marh J, Ortega M, Yamauchi Y, Ward MA, Ward WS. Mouse zygotes respond to severe sperm DNA damage by delaying paternal DNA replication and embryonic development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56385. [PMID: 23431372 PMCID: PMC3576397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse zygotes do not activate apoptosis in response to DNA damage. We previously reported a unique form of inducible sperm DNA damage termed sperm chromatin fragmentation (SCF). SCF mirrors some aspects of somatic cell apoptosis in that the DNA degradation is mediated by reversible double strand breaks caused by topoisomerase 2B (TOP2B) followed by irreversible DNA degradation by a nuclease(s). Here, we created zygotes using spermatozoa induced to undergo SCF (SCF zygotes) and tested how they responded to moderate and severe paternal DNA damage during the first cell cycle. We found that the TUNEL assay was not sensitive enough to identify the breaks caused by SCF in zygotes in either case. However, paternal pronuclei in both groups stained positively for γH2AX, a marker for DNA damage, at 5 hrs after fertilization, just before DNA synthesis, while the maternal pronuclei were negative. We also found that both pronuclei in SCF zygotes with moderate DNA damage replicated normally, but paternal pronuclei in the SCF zygotes with severe DNA damage delayed the initiation of DNA replication by up to 12 hrs even though the maternal pronuclei had no discernable delay. Chromosomal analysis of both groups confirmed that the paternal DNA was degraded after S-phase while the maternal pronuclei formed normal chromosomes. The DNA replication delay caused a marked retardation in progression to the 2-cell stage, and a large portion of the embryos arrested at the G2/M border, suggesting that this is an important checkpoint in zygotic development. Those embryos that progressed through the G2/M border died at later stages and none developed to the blastocyst stage. Our data demonstrate that the zygote responds to sperm DNA damage through a non-apoptotic mechanism that acts by slowing paternal DNA replication and ultimately leads to arrest in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E. Gawecka
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Joel Marh
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Michael Ortega
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Monika A. Ward
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - W. Steven Ward
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Vendramini V, Robaire B, Miraglia SM. Amifostine-doxorubicin association causes long-term prepubertal spermatogonia DNA damage and early developmental arrest. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2457-66. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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14
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Zakhidov ST, Pavlyuchenkova SM, Marshak TL, Rudoy VM, Dement’eva OV, Zelenina IA, Skuridin SG, Makarov AA, Khokhlov AN, Evdokimov YM. Effect of gold nanoparticles on mouse spermatogenesis. BIOL BULL+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359012030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Since Mendel, studies of phenotypic variation and disease risk have emphasized associations between genotype and phenotype among affected individuals in families and populations. Although this paradigm has led to important insights into the molecular basis for many traits and diseases, most of the genetic variants that control the inheritance of these conditions continue to elude detection. Recent studies suggest an alternative mode of inheritance where genetic variants that are present in one generation affect phenotypes in subsequent generations, thereby decoupling the conventional relations between genotype and phenotype, and perhaps, contributing to 'missing heritability'. Under some conditions, these transgenerational genetic effects can be as frequent and strong as conventional inheritance, and can persist for multiple generations. Growing evidence suggests that RNA mediates these heritable epigenetic changes. The primary challenge now is to identify the molecular basis for these effects, characterize mechanisms and determine whether transgenerational genetic effects occur in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki R Nelson
- Department of Genetics, BRB731, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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16
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Grenier L, Robaire B, Hales BF. The activation of DNA damage detection and repair responses in cleavage-stage rat embryos by a damaged paternal genome. Toxicol Sci 2012; 127:555-66. [PMID: 22454429 PMCID: PMC3355317 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Male germ cell DNA damage, after exposure to radiation, exogenous chemicals, or chemotherapeutic agents, is a major cause of male infertility. DNA-damaged spermatozoa can fertilize oocytes; this is of concern because there is limited information on the capacity of early embryos to repair a damaged male genome or on the fate of these embryos if repair is inadequate. We hypothesized that the early activation of DNA damage response in the early embryo is a critical determinant of its fate. The objective of this study was to assess the DNA damage response and mitochondrial function as a measure of the energy supply for DNA repair and general health in cleavage-stage embryos sired by males chronically exposed to an anticancer alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide. Male rats were treated with saline or cyclophosphamide (6 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks and mated to naturally cycling females. Pronuclear two- and eight-cell embryos were collected for immunofluorescence analysis of mitochondrial function and biomarkers of the DNA damage response: γH2AX foci, 53BP1 reactivity, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymer formation. Mitochondrial activities did not differ between embryos sired by control- and cyclophosphamide-exposed males. At the two-cell stage, there was no treatment-related increase in DNA double-strand breaks; by the eight-cell stage, a significant increase was noted, as indicated by increased medium and large γH2AX foci. This was accompanied by a dampened DNA repair response, detected as a decrease in the nuclear intensity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymers. The micronuclei formed in cyclophosphamide-sired embryos contained large γH2AX foci and enhanced poly(ADP-ribose) polymer and 53BP1 reactivity compared with their nuclear counterparts. Thus, paternal cyclophosphamide exposure activated a DNA damage response in cleavage-stage embryos. Furthermore, this damage response may be useful in assessing embryo quality and developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Grenier
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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17
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Grenier L, Robaire B, Hales BF. Paternal cyclophosphamide exposure induces the formation of functional micronuclei during the first zygotic division. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27600. [PMID: 22110683 PMCID: PMC3217984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal exposures to cancer chemotherapeutics or environmental chemicals may have adverse effects on progeny outcome that are manifested in the preimplantation embryo. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of paternal exposure to cyclophosphamide, an anticancer alkylating agent, on the formation, chromatin origin and function of micronuclei in cleavage stage rat embryos. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with saline or cyclophosphamide (6 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks and mated to naturally cycling females to collect pronuclear zygotes and 2 to 8 cell embryos. Micronuclear chromatin structure was characterized using confocal microscopy to detect immunoreactivities for H3K9me3, a marker for maternal chromatin, and lamin B, a nuclear membrane marker. DNA synthesis was monitored using EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) incorporation. Fertilization by cyclophosphamide-exposed spermatozoa led to a dramatic elevation in micronuclei in cleavage stage embryos (control embryos: 1% to 5%; embryos sired by treated males: 70%). The formation of micronuclei occurred during the first zygotic division and was associated with a subsequent developmental delay. The absence of H3K9me3 indicated that these micronuclei were of paternal origin. The micronuclei had incomplete peri-nuclear and peri-nucleolar lamin B1 membrane formation but incorporated EdU into DNA to the same extent as the main nucleus. The formation of micronuclei in response to the presence of a damaged paternal genome may play a role in increasing the rate of embryo loss that is associated with the use of assisted reproductive technologies, parenthood among cancer survivors, and paternal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Grenier
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Barbara F. Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Całkosiński I, Rosińczuk-Tonderys J, Dzierzba K, Bronowicka-Szydełko A, Seweryn E, Majda J, Całkosińska M, Gamian A. Estimation of the action of three different mechlorethamine doses on biochemical parameters during experimentally induced pleuritis in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:501-17. [PMID: 21602606 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogranulogen (NTG) may modify the character of inflammatory reactions. These modifications are a result of cytotoxic and mutagenic effects. NTG has high affinity to DNA and causes disorders in the synthesis of acute phase proteins (e.g., haptoglobin, transferrin, fibrinogen, and complement protein C3). Our previous studies have shown that small doses of NTG can enhance immunological defense reactions in the organism. The aim of the current studies was to determine how different NTG doses cause changes in the values of biochemical parameters in pleuritis-induced rats. The animals were randomized into five groups: Group I - control group; Group II - IP (induced pleuritis) group; Group III - NTG5 group; Group IV - NTG50 group; Group V - NTG600 group. Blood was collected from all groups of animals at 24, 48, and 72 h after the initiation of the carrageenin-induced inflammatory reaction. These investigations revealed that a dose of 5 μg NTG/kg b.w. (body weight) can change the character of the inflammation. Our studies also show that a dose of 600 μg NTG/kg b.w. causes a rapid decrease in the level of C3 at the 72 h of the experiment (after 3 applications every 24 h), which indicates a cytotoxic action of such a large NTG dose. NTG used at doses of 50 and 600 μg/kg b.w. causes the opposite metabolism of albumins and other serum proteins. Our studies show that the different doses of NTG have distinct effects on the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Całkosiński
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, PL 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
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Hales BF, Grenier L, Lalancette C, Robaire B. Epigenetic programming: From gametes to blastocyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:652-65. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Johnson GD, Lalancette C, Linnemann AK, Leduc F, Boissonneault G, Krawetz SA. The sperm nucleus: chromatin, RNA, and the nuclear matrix. Reproduction 2011; 141:21-36. [PMID: 20876223 PMCID: PMC5358669 DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Within the sperm nucleus, the paternal genome remains functionally inert and protected following protamination. This is marked by a structural morphogenesis that is heralded by a striking reduction in nuclear volume. Despite these changes, both human and mouse spermatozoa maintain low levels of nucleosomes that appear non-randomly distributed throughout the genome. These regions may be necessary for organizing higher order genomic structure through interactions with the nuclear matrix. The promoters of this transcriptionally quiescent genome are differentially marked by modified histones that may poise downstream epigenetic effects. This notion is supported by increasing evidence that the embryo inherits these differing levels of chromatin organization. In concert with the suite of RNAs retained in the mature sperm, they may synergistically interact to direct early embryonic gene expression. Irrespective, these features reflect the transcriptional history of spermatogenic differentiation. As such, they may soon be utilized as clinical markers of male fertility. In this review, we explore and discuss how this may be orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham D. Johnson
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University of Medicine, C.S. Mott Center, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Claudia Lalancette
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University of Medicine, C.S. Mott Center, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University of Medicine, C.S. Mott Center, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Amelia K. Linnemann
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University of Medicine, C.S. Mott Center, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Frédéric Leduc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Guylain Boissonneault
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Stephen A. Krawetz
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University of Medicine, C.S. Mott Center, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University of Medicine, C.S. Mott Center, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201
- Institute for Scientific Computing, Wayne State University of Medicine, C.S. Mott Center, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201
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