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Kamrani-Sharif R, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Allahverdikhani M, Motaghinejad M, Emanuele E. Oxytocin as neuro-hormone and neuro-regulator exert neuroprotective properties: A mechanistic graphical review. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102352. [PMID: 37354708 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration is progressive cell loss in specific neuronal populations, often resulting in clinical consequences with significant medical, societal, and economic implications. Because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, oxytocin has been proposed as a potential neuroprotective and neurobehavioral therapeutic agent, including modulating mood disturbances and cognitive enchantment. METHODS Literature searches were conducted using the following databases Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, and Cochrane from January 2000 to February 2023 for articles dealing with oxytocin neuroprotective properties in preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders and diseases with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis/cell death. RESULTS The neuroprotective effects of oxytocin appears to be mediated by its anti-inflammatory properties, inhibition of neuro inflammation, activation of several antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of oxidative stress and free radical formation, activation of free radical scavengers, prevent of mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Oxytocin acts as a neuroprotective agent by preventing neuro-apoptosis, neuro-inflammation, and neuronal oxidative stress, and by restoring mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kamrani-Sharif
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Allahverdikhani
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang Q, Xu K, Tong Y, Dai X, Xu T, He D, Ying J. Novel miRNA markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4533-4546. [PMID: 32150330 PMCID: PMC7176884 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As endometrial cancer (EC) is a major threat to female health worldwide, the ability to provide an accurate diagnosis and prognosis of EC is promising to improve its treatment guidance. Since the discovery of miRNAs, it has been realized that miRNAs are associated with every cell function, including malignant transformation and metastasis. This study aimed to explore diagnostic and prognostic miRNA markers of EC. In this study, differential analysis and machine learning were performed, followed by correlation analysis of miRNA-mRNA based on the miRNA and mRNA expression data. Nine miRNAs were identified as diagnostic markers, and a diagnostic classifier was established to distinguish between EC and normal endometrium tissue with overall correct rates >95%. Five specific prognostic miRNA markers were selected to construct a prognostic model, which was confirmed more effective in identifying EC patients at high risk of mortality compared with the FIGO staging system. This study demonstrates that the expression patterns of miRNAs may hold promise for becoming diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWenzhou People's HospitalThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWenzhou People's HospitalThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWenzhou People's HospitalThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xianning Dai
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWenzhou People's HospitalThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Teng Xu
- Department of CardiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineBaotou Central HospitalBaotouChina
| | - Danna He
- Department of CardiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineBaotou Central HospitalBaotouChina
| | - Jianchao Ying
- Central LaboratoryInstitute of Emergency MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-1 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Review of Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry Literature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040101. [PMID: 30314310 PMCID: PMC6316056 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins and thromboxane are lipid signaling molecules deriving from arachidonic acid by the action of the cyclooxygenase isoenzymes COX-1 and COX-2. The role of cyclooxygenases (particularly COX-2) and prostaglandins (particularly PGE₂) in cancer-related inflammation has been extensively investigated. In contrast, COX-1 has received less attention, although its expression increases in several human cancers and a pathogenetic role emerges from experimental models. COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms seem to operate in a coordinate manner in cancer pathophysiology, especially in the tumorigenesis process. However, in some cases, exemplified by the serous ovarian carcinoma, COX-1 plays a pivotal role, suggesting that other histopathological and molecular subtypes of cancer disease could share this feature. Importantly, the analysis of functional implications of COX-1-signaling, as well as of pharmacological action of COX-1-selective inhibitors, should not be restricted to the COX pathway and to the effects of prostaglandins already known for their ability of affecting the tumor phenotype. A knowledge-based choice of the most appropriate tumor cell models, and a major effort in investigating the COX-1 issue in the more general context of arachidonic acid metabolic network by using the systems biology approaches, should be strongly encouraged.
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Ying J, Xu T, Wang Q, Ye J, Lyu J. Exploration of DNA methylation markers for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer. Epigenetics 2018; 13:490-504. [PMID: 29912667 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1474071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of endometrial cancer (EC) holds great promise for improving its treatment choice and prognosis prediction. This work aimed to identify diagnostic biomarkers for differentiating EC tumors from tumors in other tissues, as well as prognostic signatures for predicting survival in EC patients. We identified 48 tissue-specific markers using a cohort of genome-wide methylation data from three common gynecological tumors and their corresponding normal tissues. A diagnostic classifier was constructed based on these 48 CpG markers that could predict cancerous versus normal tissue with an overall correct rate of 98.3% in the entire repository. Fifteen CpG markers associated with the overall survival (OS) and development of EC were also identified based on the methylation patterns of the EC samples. A prognostic model that aggregated these prognostic CpG markers was established and shown to have a higher discriminative ability to distinguish EC patients with an elevated risk of mortality than the FIGO staging system and several other clinical prognostic variables. This study presents the utility of DNA methylation in identifying biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of EC and will help improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Ying
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Teng Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Qian Wang
- b Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou People's Hospital , The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Jun Ye
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China.,c Department of Clinical Laboratory , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Kaili , China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
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5
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Jurek B, Neumann ID. The Oxytocin Receptor: From Intracellular Signaling to Behavior. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1805-1908. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The many facets of the oxytocin (OXT) system of the brain and periphery elicited nearly 25,000 publications since 1930 (see FIGURE 1 , as listed in PubMed), which revealed central roles for OXT and its receptor (OXTR) in reproduction, and social and emotional behaviors in animal and human studies focusing on mental and physical health and disease. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of OXT expression and release, expression and binding of the OXTR in brain and periphery, OXTR-coupled signaling cascades, and their involvement in behavioral outcomes to assemble a comprehensive picture of the central and peripheral OXT system. Traditionally known for its role in milk let-down and uterine contraction during labor, OXT also has implications in physiological, and also behavioral, aspects of reproduction, such as sexual and maternal behaviors and pair bonding, but also anxiety, trust, sociability, food intake, or even drug abuse. The many facets of OXT are, on a molecular basis, brought about by a single receptor. The OXTR, a 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor capable of binding to either Gαior Gαqproteins, activates a set of signaling cascades, such as the MAPK, PKC, PLC, or CaMK pathways, which converge on transcription factors like CREB or MEF-2. The cellular response to OXT includes regulation of neurite outgrowth, cellular viability, and increased survival. OXTergic projections in the brain represent anxiety and stress-regulating circuits connecting the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, or the medial prefrontal cortex. Which OXT-induced patterns finally alter the behavior of an animal or a human being is still poorly understood, and studying those OXTR-coupled signaling cascades is one initial step toward a better understanding of the molecular background of those behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jurek
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inga D. Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Ying J, Wang Q, Xu T, Lyu J. Establishment of a nine-gene prognostic model for predicting overall survival of patients with endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2601-2611. [PMID: 29665298 PMCID: PMC6010780 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract in developed countries. The prognosis of early stage EC is favorable, but a subset faces high risk of cancer progression or recurrence. EC has a poor prognosis upon progression to advanced or metastatic stages. Therefore, our goal is to build a robust prognostic model for predicting overall survival (OS) in EC patients. In this study, 1571 genes were identified as being associated with OS based on genomewide expression profiles using a training dataset. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were involved in various cancer-related signaling pathways. Nine signature genes were further selected using stepwise selection, and their potential role in the development of EC was demonstrated by performing differential expression analysis between EC and normal uterine tissues. A prognostic model that aggregated these nine signature genes was ultimately established and effectively divided EC patients into two risk groups. OS for patients in the high-risk group was significantly poorer compared with that of the low-risk group. This nine-gene model was subsequently validated and evaluated using the TCGA dataset and shown to have a high discriminating power to distinguish EC patients with an elevated risk of mortality based on the FIGO staging system and other prognostic factors. This study provides a novel prognostic model for the identification of EC patients with elevated risk of mortality and will help to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in prognostic EC factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of EducationZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWenzhou People's HospitalThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Teng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of EducationZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of EducationZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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Divine LM, Nguyen MR, Meller E, Desai RA, Arif B, Rankin EB, Bligard KH, Meyerson C, Hagemann IS, Massad M, Thaker PH, Hagemann AR, McCourt CK, Powell MA, Mutch DG, Fuh KC. AXL modulates extracellular matrix protein expression and is essential for invasion and metastasis in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77291-77305. [PMID: 27764792 PMCID: PMC5340229 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL promotes migration, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we evaluated the role of AXL in endometrial cancer. High immunohistochemical expression of AXL was found in 76% (63/83) of advanced-stage, and 77% (82/107) of high-grade specimens and correlated with worse survival in uterine serous cancer patients. In vitro, genetic silencing of AXL inhibited migration and invasion but had no effect on proliferation of ARK1 endometrial cancer cells. AXL-deficient cells showed significantly decreased expression of phospho-AKT as well as uPA, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9. In a xenograft model of human uterine serous carcinoma with AXL-deficient ARK1 cells, there was significantly less tumor burden than xenografts with control ARK1 cells. Together, these findings underscore the therapeutic potentials of AXL as a candidate target for treatment of metastatic endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Divine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mai R Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Meller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Riva A Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Batool Arif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erinn B Rankin
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine H Bligard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cherise Meyerson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian S Hagemann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Massad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Premal H Thaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea R Hagemann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolyn K McCourt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matt A Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David G Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine C Fuh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Reproductive Health Sciences (CRepHS), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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8
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Huang SP, Liu PY, Kuo CJ, Chen CL, Lee WJ, Tsai YH, Lin YF. The Gαh-PLCδ1 signaling axis drives metastatic progression in triple-negative breast cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:114. [PMID: 28576130 PMCID: PMC5457652 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to other organs, e.g., the lungs, has been correlated with poor survival rates among breast cancer patients. Therefore, the identification of useful therapeutic targets to prevent metastasis or even inhibit tumor growth of TNBC is urgently needed. Gαh is a novel GTP-binding protein and known as an inactive form of calcium-dependent tissue transglutaminase. However, the functional consequences of transamidating and G-protein activities of tissue transglutaminase in promoting cancer metastasis are still controversial. METHODS Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to estimate the prognostic values of Gαh and PLCδ1 by utilizing public databases and performing immunohistochemical staining experiments. Cell-based invasion assays and in vivo lung colony-forming and orthotropic lung metastasis models were established to evaluate the effectiveness of interrupting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Gαh and PLCδ1 in inhibiting the invasive ability and metastatic potential of TNBC cells. RESULTS Here, we showed that the increased level of cytosolic, not extracellular, Gαh is a poor prognostic marker in breast cancer patients and correlates with the metastatic evolution of TNBC cells. Moreover, clinicopathological analyses revealed that the combined signature of high Gαh/PLCδ1 levels indicates worse prognosis in patients with breast cancer and correlates with lymph node metastasis of ER-negative breast cancer. Blocking the PPI of the Gαh/PLCδ1 complex by synthetically myristoylated PLCδ1 peptide corresponding to the Gαh-binding interface appeared to significantly suppress cellular invasiveness in vitro and inhibit lung metastatic colonies of TNBC cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes Gαh/PLCδ1 as a poor prognostic factor for patients with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers, including TNBCs, and provides therapeutic value by targeting the PPI of the Gαh/PLCδ1 complex to combat the metastatic progression of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Pen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Kuo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Oxytocin-secreting system: A major part of the neuroendocrine center regulating immunologic activity. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 289:152-61. [PMID: 26616885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the nervous system and immune system have been studied extensively. However, the mechanisms underlying the neural regulation of immune activity, particularly the neuroendocrine regulation of immunologic functions, remain elusive. In this review, we provide a comprehensive examination of current evidence on interactions between the immune system and hypothalamic oxytocin-secreting system. We highlight the fact that oxytocin may have significant effects in the body, beyond its classical functions in lactation and parturition. Similar to the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, the oxytocin-secreting system closely interacts with classical immune system, integrating both neurochemical and immunologic signals in the central nervous system and in turn affects immunologic defense, homeostasis, and surveillance. Lastly, this review explores therapeutic potentials of oxytocin in treating immunologic disorders.
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Assinder SJ, Davies K, Surija J, Liu-Fu F. Oxytocin differentially effects 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5α-reductase activities in prostate cancer cell lines. Peptides 2015. [PMID: 26211892 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known that oxytocin stimulates steroidogenesis in several organs by modulating activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD3B) and steroid 5α-reductases (SRD5A). However, this has not been established in prostate cancer where these enzymes, key to local production of androgens, are increased. Analysis of both HSD3B and SRD5A activities using a live cell in situ colourimetric assay demonstrated that in PC-3 cells HSD3B activity was significantly increased by oxytocin whilst SRD5A activity was unchanged. This was confirmed in ELISA based assays of conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone and testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in cell lysates following treatment. In contrast, oxytocin significantly inhibited HSD3B activity in LNCaPs, but significantly increased activity of SRD5A, as confirmed by ELISA assays. Analysis of both cell lines by microarray and qRT-PCR determined that these changes were not due to altered gene transcription. This study demonstrates differential effects of oxytocin on the activities of key de novo steroidogenic enzymes in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Assinder
- Disciplines of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Kathryn Davies
- Disciplines of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan Surija
- Disciplines of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Frank Liu-Fu
- Disciplines of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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11
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Kassem KM, Clevenger MH, Szandzik DL, Peterson E, Harding P. PGE2 reduces MMP-14 and increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cardiac fibroblasts. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 113-115:62-8. [PMID: 25263346 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is elevated during cardiac injury and we have previously shown that mice lacking the PGE2 EP4 receptor display dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with increased expression of the membrane type matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-14. We thus hypothesized that PGE2 regulates expression of MMP-14 and also affects fibroblast migration. Primary cultures of neonatal rat ventricular fibroblasts (NVFs) were used to test the effects of PGE2. Gene and protein expression was assessed by real time RT-PCR and Western blot, MMP activity was determined by zymography and migration of NVF was assessed by motility in a transwell system. PGE2 reduced expression of MMP-14 and these effects were antagonized by an EP4 antagonist. An EP4 agonist mimicked the effect of PGE2. PGE2 also increased mRNA and protein levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of MMP activation. However, PGE2-stimulation of PAI-1 was mediated by the EP1/EP3 receptor and not EP4. Migration of NVF was assessed by motility in a transwell system. Treatment of NVFs with PGE2 reduced the number of cells migrating toward 10% FCS. Treatment with the EP2 agonist also reduced migration but did not affect MMP-14 expression or PAI-1. Our results suggest that PGE2 utilizes different receptors and mechanisms to ultimately decrease MMP expression and NVF migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal M Kassem
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Margarette H Clevenger
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - David L Szandzik
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Edward Peterson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Pamela Harding
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States.
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12
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Imanieh MH, Bagheri F, Alizadeh AM, Ashkani-Esfahani S. Oxytocin has therapeutic effects on cancer, a hypothesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:112-23. [PMID: 25094035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is the first peptide hormone structurally assessed and chemically synthesized in biologically active form. This hormone acts as an important factor in a human reproductive system particularly during pregnancy and lactation in women. So far, different therapeutic roles for OT have been identified as a spectrum from central and peripheral actions on male and female reproductive systems, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, etc. Some in vitro and in vivo studies also revealed that OT is responsible for bivariate biological functions involved in cancer as following. By activating OT receptor in tumoral cells, OT enacts as a growth regulator, whether activator or inhibitor. Regarding the increase of OT in some conditions such as breastfeeding, exercise, and multiparity, we can relate the effect of these conditions on cancer with OT effects. Based on this hypothesis, we present a review on the effects of this neuropeptide on various types of cancer and also the influence of these conditions on the same cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fereshte Bagheri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 1419733141, Tehran, Iran.
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