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Caradeux J, Fernández B, Ávila F, Valenzuela A, Mondión M, Figueras F. Pregnancies through oocyte donation. A mini review of pathways involved in placental dysfunction. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1338516. [PMID: 38298815 PMCID: PMC10827872 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1338516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancies resulting from assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are increasingly prevalent worldwide. While most pregnancies conceived through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) progress without complications, mounting evidence suggests that these pregnancies are at a heightened risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Specifically, IVF pregnancies involving oocyte donation have garnered attention due to numerous reports indicating an elevated risk profile for pregnancy-related complications within this subgroup of patients. The precise mechanisms contributing to this increased risk of complications remain incompletely understood. Nonetheless, it is likely that they are mediated by an abnormal immune response at the fetal-maternal interface. Additionally, these outcomes may be influenced by baseline patient characteristics, such as the etiology of infertility, absence of corpus luteum, and variations in endometrial preparation protocols, among other factors. This review aims to succinctly summarize the most widely accepted mechanisms that potentially contribute to the onset of placental dysfunction in pregnancies conceived through oocyte donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Caradeux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Fernández
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Ávila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Valenzuela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Francesc Figueras
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Oribamise EI, Ashiru OA, Iloabachie EC, Osumah JG, Moruf OO. Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer. Niger Med J 2019; 60:99-105. [PMID: 31543559 PMCID: PMC6737793 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_124_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), a malignant tumor characterized mainly by a lump in the breast and a change in breast shape, has plagued many women of childbearing age in Nigeria today. This has thus propelled many to find both prophylactic and curative agents to combat BC in affected persons. This article extensively reviews a method of preventing BC in the offspring of affected parents, known as preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) – an assisted reproductive technique that selects genetically unaffected embryo(s) to be transferred to the uterus of a mother upon in vitro fertilization and standard genetic analysis. The present study also seeks to present the techniques involved in PGT that have been reported to prevent the inheritance of BC, its benefits and risks, related case studies in Africa and other continents, and ethical issues surrounding the application of assisted reproduction for BC testing. To achieve these, a thorough search was conducted in reputable scientific journals of reproduction and cancer, and expert knowledge was consulted with regard to these aspects of health and reproduction. Upon reviewing this very important subject, it was confirmed that the beneficial role of assisted reproduction in the field of science and the homes of many cannot be overestimated. This review of the role of PGT in BC prevention will enlighten the understanding of many – creating awareness that with PGT, BC-affected women can have not only children, but also healthy and genetically unaffected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice I Oribamise
- Medical ART Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.,Department of Anatomy, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oladapo A Ashiru
- Medical ART Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ebele C Iloabachie
- Medical ART Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Jumoke G Osumah
- Medical ART Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Oladimeji O Moruf
- Medical ART Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Duranthon V, Chavatte-Palmer P. Long term effects of ART: What do animals tell us? Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:348-368. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Halvaei I, Ghazali S, Nottola SA, Khalili MA. Cleavage-stage embryo micromanipulation in the clinical setting. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 64:157-168. [PMID: 29297236 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1422197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Embryo micromanipulation was developed after introduction of microinjection to overcome infertility. Embryo micromanipulation may be performed at any embryo stage from pronuclear to blastocyst. The technique started out as basic and turned out to be increasingly more complex. Embryo micromanipulation at the cleavage-stage includes a wide range of techniques, from opening the zona pellucida in order to improve the chance of implantation, to removing detrimental components from the embryo to enhance embryo development or blastomeres for preimplantation genetic diagnosis and embryo splitting. Evaluating the impact(s) of different micromanipulation techniques on epigenetics of the embryo and considering quality control during these techniques are important issues in this regard. This review aims to discuss the micromanipulation of cleavage-stage embryos in clinical assisted reproductive technology (ART). ABBREVIATIONS ART: assisted reproductive technology; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF: in vitro fertilization; PGD: preimplantation genetic diagnosis; PZD: partial zona dissection; ZP: zona pellucida; SUZI: subzonal insemination; PVS: perivitelline space; AH: assisted hatching; LAH: laserassisted hatching; ZT: zona thinning; UV: ultraviolet; IR: infrared; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; FISH: fluorescent in situ hybridization; NGS: next generation sequencing; QC: quality control; QA: quality assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Halvaei
- a Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shahin Ghazali
- b Department of Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch , Sanandaj , Iran
| | - Stefania A Nottola
- c Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics , La Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Khalili
- d Research and Clinical Center for Infertility , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
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Yao Q, Chen L, Liang Y, Sui L, Guo L, Zhou J, Fan K, Jing J, Zhang Y, Yao B. Blastomere removal from cleavage-stage mouse embryos alters placental function, which is associated with placental oxidative stress and inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25023. [PMID: 27109212 PMCID: PMC4842963 DOI: 10.1038/srep25023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastomere biopsy is an essential technique in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), a screening test that can detect genetic abnormalities of embryos before their transfer into uterus. Our results showed that the weights of fetuses derived from biopsied embryos were lower than that of non-biopsied counterparts at E12.5, E15.5, and E18.5. The ratio of fetal/placental (F/P) weights in the biopsied group was significantly lower than that in the non-biopsied group at E18.5. At E18.5, the mRNAs for selected glucose transporters, system A amino acid transporters, system L amino acid transporters, and imprinted genes were downregulated in the placentae of biopsied group, and the GLUT1 and CAT3 protein levels were decreased too. More apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL in the placentae of biopsied group. Placentae from biopsied embryos exhibited lower levels of SOD and GSH. Furthermore, the concentration of MDA increased in the placentae from biopsied group. The levels of IL1B, IL6, and TNFA also significantly increased in the placentae of biopsied group. This study suggested that placental function may be sensitive to blastomere biopsy procedures, and placental oxidative stress and inflammation associated with blastomere biopsy may be critical factors of abnormal placental function and further influence the fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Yuanjiao Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Liucai Sui
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Li Guo
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Kai Fan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Jun Jing
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Bing Yao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
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Jing S, Luo K, He H, Lu C, Zhang S, Tan Y, Gong F, Lu G, Lin G. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes in blastocyst-stage biopsy with frozen embryo transfer and cleavage-stage biopsy with fresh embryo transfer after preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:105-112.e4. [PMID: 27005274 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis/preimplantation genetic screening (PGD/PGS) can influence pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING University-affiliated center. PATIENT(S) This study included data from women and their neonates born after PGD/PGS (n = 317). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Questionnaires were designed to obtain information relating to pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes. INTERVENTION(S) Two major strategies for PGD/PGS were evaluated. Blastocyst-stage biopsy and frozen embryo transfer (BB-FET) was carried out in 166 patients, and cleavage-stage biopsy and fresh embryo transfer (CB-ET) was carried out in 129 patients. RESULT(S) The incidence of gestational hypertension was significantly higher in BB-FET compared with in CB-ET (9.0% vs. 2.3%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.85 [1.34, 17.56]). In twins, the birthweight (median [range], 2.70 kg [1.55-3.60 kg] vs. 2.50 kg [1.23-3.75 kg]) was higher in BB-FET than in CB-ET and the gestational age was longer in BB-FET than in CB-ET (median [range], 36.71 weeks [31.14-39.29 weeks] vs. 35.57 weeks [30.57-38.43 weeks]). There was no difference in the incidence of singleton births between the two groups except in the incidence of preterm births (28-37 weeks; 5.3% vs. 16.5% in CB-ET and BB-FET). No significant differences were detected in the incidence of perinatal deaths, birth defects, gender of neonates, and large for gestational age in both singletons and twins, although the numbers of some events were small. CONCLUSION(S) BB-FET is associated with a higher incidence of gestational hypertension but better neonatal outcomes compared with CB-ET, especially in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Jing
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Keli Luo
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui He
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfu Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuoping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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Ventura-Juncá P, Irarrázaval I, Rolle AJ, Gutiérrez JI, Moreno RD, Santos MJ. In vitro fertilization (IVF) in mammals: epigenetic and developmental alterations. Scientific and bioethical implications for IVF in humans. Biol Res 2015; 48:68. [PMID: 26683055 PMCID: PMC4684609 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in animals and humans implies an extraordinary change in the environment where the beginning of a new organism takes place. In mammals fertilization occurs in the maternal oviduct, where there are unique conditions for guaranteeing the encounter of the gametes and the first stages of development of the embryo and thus its future. During this period a major epigenetic reprogramming takes place that is crucial for the normal fate of the embryo. This epigenetic reprogramming is very vulnerable to changes in environmental conditions such as the ones implied in IVF, including in vitro culture, nutrition, light, temperature, oxygen tension, embryo-maternal signaling, and the general absence of protection against foreign elements that could affect the stability of this process. The objective of this review is to update the impact of the various conditions inherent in the use of IVF on the epigenetic profile and outcomes of mammalian embryos, including superovulation, IVF technique, embryo culture and manipulation and absence of embryo-maternal signaling. It also covers the possible transgenerational inheritance of the epigenetic alterations associated with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including its phenotypic consequences as is in the case of the large offspring syndrome (LOS). Finally, the important scientific and bioethical implications of the results found in animals are discussed in terms of the ART in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ventura-Juncá
- Bioethical Center and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Bioethics Center, Universidad Finis Terrae, Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia, Región Metropolitana, 7501015, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Isabel Irarrázaval
- Bioethical Center and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Augusto J Rolle
- Bioethical Center and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan I Gutiérrez
- Bioethical Center and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ricardo D Moreno
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Manuel J Santos
- Bioethical Center and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Rougée LRA, Richmond RH, Collier AC. Molecular reproductive characteristics of the reef coral Pocillopora damicornis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 189:38-44. [PMID: 26231839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coral reefs are an indispensible worldwide resource, accounting for billions of dollars in cultural, economic, and ecological services. An understanding of coral reproduction is essential to determining the effects of environmental stressors on coral reef ecosystems and their persistence into the future. Here, we describe the presence of and changes in steroidal hormones along with associated steroidogenic and steroid removal enzymes during the reproductive cycle of the brooding, pan-Pacific, hermaphroditic coral, Pocillopora damicornis. Detectable levels of 17β-estradiol, estrone, progesterone and testosterone were consistently detected over two consecutive lunar reproductive cycles in coral tissue. Intra-colony variation in steroid hormone levels ranged between 1.5- and 2.2-fold and were not statistically different. Activities of the steroidogenic enzymes 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 17 dehydrogenase were detectable and did not fluctuate over the reproductive cycle. Aromatase-like activity was detected during the lunar reproductive cycle with no significant fluctuations. Activities of regeneration enzymes did not fluctuate over the lunar cycle; however, activity of the clearance enzyme UDP-glucuronosyl transferases increased significantly (ANOVA, post hoc p<0.01) during the two weeks before and after peak larval release (planulation), suggesting that the activity of this enzyme family may be linked to the reproductive state of the coral. Sulfotransferase enzymes could not be detected. Our findings provide the first data defining normal physiological and lunar/reproductive variability in steroidal enzymes in a coral species with respect to their potential role in coral reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc R A Rougée
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Robert H Richmond
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Abby C Collier
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Sato BL, Ward MA, Astern JM, Kendal-Wright CE, Collier AC. Validation of murine and human placental explant cultures for use in sex steroid and phase II conjugation toxicology studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:103-12. [PMID: 25283089 PMCID: PMC4251763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human primary placental explant culture is well established for cytokine signaling and toxicity, but has not been validated for steroidogenic or metabolic toxicology. The technique has never been investigated in the mouse. We characterized human and mouse placental explants for up to 96 h in culture. Explant viability (Lactate dehydrogenase) and sex steroid levels were measured in media using spectrophotometry and ELISA, respectively. Expression and activities of the steroidogenic (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Cytochrome P45017A1, Cytochrome P45019), conjugation (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, sulfotransferase (SULT)), and regeneration (β-glucuronidase, arylsulfatase C (ASC)) enzymes were determined biochemically in tissues with fluorimetric and spectrophotometric assays, and western blot. Explants were viable up to 96 h, but progesterone, estrone, and 17β-estradiol secretion decreased. Steroidogenic enzyme expression and activities were stable in mouse explants and similar to levels in freshly isolated tissues, but were lower in human explants than in fresh tissue (P<0.01). Human and mouse explants exhibited significantly less conjugation after 96 h, SULT was not detected in the mouse, and neither explants had active ASC, although proteins were expressed. Mouse explants may be useful for steroid biochemistry and endocrine disruption studies, but not metabolic conjugation. In contrast, human explants may be useful for studying conjugation for <48 h, but not for steroid/endocrine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Sato
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
| | - Monika A Ward
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Joshua M Astern
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Claire E Kendal-Wright
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
| | - Abby C Collier
- Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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10
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Collier AC, Yamauchi Y, Sato BLM, Rougée LRA, Ward MA. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1a enzymes are present and active in the mouse blastocyst. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1921-5. [PMID: 25200869 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.059766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes are critical for regulating nutrients, hormones, and endobiotics, as well as for detoxifying xenobiotics. Human and murine fetuses are known to express glucuronidation enzymes, but there are currently no data prior to implantation. Here we addressed this gap in knowledge and tested whether Ugt enzymes are already present in preimplantation-stage embryos. Blastocysts were obtained after in vitro fertilization with gametes from B6D2F1 hybrid mice and from embryo culture. Protein expression and localization were determined using pan-specific UGT1A and UGT2B, as well as anti-human isoform-specific antibodies. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that blastocysts expressed Ugt1a globally, in the cytoplasm and nuclei of all of the cells. Western blots demonstrated the presence of Ugt1a6 but not Ugt1a1, Ugt1a3, Ugt1a4, or Ugt1a9. The Ugt2b proteins were not detected by either assay. The level of Ugt activity in murine blastocysts was comparable with that of the adult human liver (per milligram of protein), but the activity of β-glucuronidase, an Ugt-partnering enzyme responsible for substrate regeneration, was lower. Altogether, these data confirm that Ugt1a proteins are present and active in preimplantation murine embryos and point to a potential role for these proteins in implantation and early embryonic and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby C Collier
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.); Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology (A.C.C., B.L.M.S., L.R.A.R.), and Institute for Biogenesis Research (Y.Y., M.A.W.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; and Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, Hawaii (B.L.M.S.)
| | - Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.); Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology (A.C.C., B.L.M.S., L.R.A.R.), and Institute for Biogenesis Research (Y.Y., M.A.W.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; and Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, Hawaii (B.L.M.S.)
| | - Brittany L M Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.); Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology (A.C.C., B.L.M.S., L.R.A.R.), and Institute for Biogenesis Research (Y.Y., M.A.W.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; and Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, Hawaii (B.L.M.S.)
| | - Luc R A Rougée
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.); Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology (A.C.C., B.L.M.S., L.R.A.R.), and Institute for Biogenesis Research (Y.Y., M.A.W.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; and Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, Hawaii (B.L.M.S.)
| | - Monika A Ward
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.); Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology (A.C.C., B.L.M.S., L.R.A.R.), and Institute for Biogenesis Research (Y.Y., M.A.W.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; and Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, Hawaii (B.L.M.S.)
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Sato BLM, Sugawara A, Ward MA, Collier AC. Single blastomere removal from murine embryos is associated with activation of matrix metalloproteinases and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathways of placental inflammation. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:1247-57. [PMID: 25180268 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Single blastomere removal from cleavage-stage embryos, a common procedure used in conjunction with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), may affect reproductive outcomes. We hypothesized that negative pregnancy outcomes associated with PGD may be due to impairment of placental signaling pathways. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms through which placental signaling is deregulated by blastomere removal. Four-cell stage murine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization were subjected to removal of a single blastomere (biopsied) or to the same manipulations without the blastomere removal (controls). Placental tissues from term (18.5 day) pregnancies obtained after embryo transfer were tested for levels of nitrosative species, interleukin 6, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and 3, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1, 2 and 3 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 2, 3 and 9. Significant increases in nitrosative stress (P < 0.05), phosphorylative activation of STAT1 (P < 0.05) but not STAT3, lower levels of the inhibitors SOCS2 (P < 0.01) and SOCS3 (P < 0.001) and activation of MMP9 (P < 0.001) were observed in placentas derived from biopsied embryos, compared with controls. Such effects could contribute to greater levels of premature membrane rupture, incorrect parturition, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction associated with PGD. This work has determined signaling mechanisms that may be responsible for blastomere removal effects on placental function, with the potential to become targets for improving obstetric and neonatal outcomes in assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L M Sato
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Atsushi Sugawara
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Monika A Ward
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Abby C Collier
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Biopsy of embryos produced by in vitro fertilization affects development in C57BL/6 mouse strain. Theriogenology 2012; 79:234-41. [PMID: 23174776 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is considered highly successful with respect to its accuracy in detecting genetic anomalies, although the effects of embryo biopsy on embryonic and fetal growth and development are less known, particularly in conjunction with IVF. Here, we compared biopsied (B) and nonbiopsied (NB) mouse embryos for developmental competence. Embryos C57BL/6 (B6) and B6D2F2 (F2) generated by IVF were subjected to single blastomere biopsy at the four-cell stage, and were either cultured for 120 h and subjected to differential inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast staining, or were transferred into the uterine tubes of surrogate mothers after 72 h of culture, to examine their pre- and postimplantation development, respectively. NB embryos from the same IVF cohorts served as controls. Embryo biopsy negatively affected preimplantation development to blastocyst in C57BL/6 (69% vs. 79%; P < 0.01), but not in B6D2F1 mice (89% vs. 91%; P = not significant [NS]). Although B6 embryos had lower total cell number than F2 (B6: 47 and 61 vs. F2: 53 and 70; B and NB, respectively; P < 0.05) there were no differences between B and NB blastocysts in percentage of ICM (B6: 19.8 vs. 19.8; F2: 20.9 vs. 20.4; P = NS) and ICM:trophoblast ratio (B6: 4.7 vs. 4.7; F2: 4.4 vs. 4.7) in both mouse strains. Postimplantation development to live fetuses of B embryos as compared with NB counterparts was impaired in C57BL/6 (6% vs. 18%; P < 0.001) but not in B6D2F1 mice (26% vs. 35%; P = NS). We concluded that blastomere biopsy impaired embryonic and fetal development in mice known to be sensitive to in vitro culture and manipulations. Such mice are models for infertile couples with poor quality gametes seeking assisted reproduction technologies.
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