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Zhang Y, de Lima CB, Zhou Z, Shen Q, Zhu Z, Hua J. Peptide-coating 2D and small chemical molecules prolong the passage of porcine spermatogonia stem cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:200-209. [PMID: 34748668 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Porcine spermatogonia stem cells (pSSCs) are the only type of somatic stem cell that can pass genetic information to the successive generations. Little is known about pSSCs vitality in vitro, and due to their increasing importance in stem cell research, here, we optimized a protocol to culture pSSCs and explored their potential fate in vitro. Utilizing a feeder-free culture system with a 2D peptide-coating and small chemical molecules (including CHIR99021, Repsox, Vatamin C, Folic Acid, and CD Lipid Concentrate), we were able to prolong the culture time of pSSCs by at least three months compared to previous methods. Moreover, we found that pSSCs could proliferate and self-renew in the seminiferous tubules of infertile mice. However, they could not perform meiosis. Our study shows that this feeder-free culture system optimizes cell culture and may facilitate advanced research on SSC biology and genetic manipulation of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China, 712100
| | | | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China, 712100
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China, 712100
| | - Zhenshuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China, 712100
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China, 712100
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Azizi H, Niazi Tabar A, Skutella T, Govahi M. In Vitro and In Vivo Determinations of The Anti-GDNF Family Receptor Alpha 1 Antibody in Mice by Immunochemistry and RT-PCR. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2020; 14:228-233. [PMID: 33098391 PMCID: PMC7604702 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.6051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family plays essential roles in the maintenance, growth, regulatory and signalling pathways of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). In this study, we analysed the expression of anti-GDNF family receptor alpha 1 antibody (GFRa1) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), Fluidigm real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry analyses. Materials and Methods In this experiment study, ICC, IHC, Fluidigm RT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to analyse the expression of the germ cell marker GFRa1 in testis tissue and SSC culture. Results IHC analysis showed that there were two groups of GFRa1 positive cells in the seminiferous tubules based on their location and expression shape - a small round punctuated shape on the basal compartment donut shape and a C-shaped expression located between the basal and the luminal compartments of the seminiferous tubules. OCT4 and PLZF positive cells may have similar patterns of expression as the first group. Assessment of the seminiferous tubule sections demonstrated that about 27% of the SSCs were positive for GFRa1. Fluidigm RT-PCR confirmed the significant expression (P<0.001) of GFRa1 in the SSCs compared to testicular stromal cells (TSCs). Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that about 75% of the isolated SSCs colonies were positive for GFRa1. Conclusion The results indicated that GFRa1 had a specific expression pattern both in vivo and in vitro. This finding could be helpful for understanding the proliferation, maintenance and signalling pathways of SSCs, and differentiation of meiotic and haploid germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Amirreza Niazi Tabar
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mostafa Govahi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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Gille AS, Lapoujade C, Wolf JP, Fouchet P, Barraud-Lange V. Contribution of Single-Cell Transcriptomics to the Characterization of Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells: Toward an Application in Male Fertility Regenerative Medicine? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225773. [PMID: 31744138 PMCID: PMC6888480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing progress in genomic technologies offers exciting tools that can help to resolve transcriptome and genome-wide DNA modifications at single-cell resolution. These methods can be used to characterize individual cells within complex tissue organizations and to highlight various molecular interactions. Here, we will discuss recent advances in the definition of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) and their progenitors in humans using the single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNAseq) approach. Exploration of gene expression patterns allows one to investigate stem cell heterogeneity. It leads to tracing the spermatogenic developmental process and its underlying biology, which is highly influenced by the microenvironment. scRNAseq already represents a new diagnostic tool for the personalized investigation of male infertility. One may hope that a better understanding of SSC biology could facilitate the use of these cells in the context of fertility preservation of prepubertal children, as a key component of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Gille
- UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique, Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire des Cellules Souches Germinales, IRCM, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.L.); (P.F.)
- Team Genomic Epigenetic and Physiopathology of Reproduction, Department of Genetic, Development and Cancer, Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France; (J.-P.W.); (V.B.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Clémentine Lapoujade
- UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique, Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire des Cellules Souches Germinales, IRCM, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.L.); (P.F.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Wolf
- Team Genomic Epigenetic and Physiopathology of Reproduction, Department of Genetic, Development and Cancer, Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France; (J.-P.W.); (V.B.-L.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospital Paris Centre, CHU Cochin, Laboratory of Histology Embryology Biology of Reproduction, 123 boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Fouchet
- UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique, Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire des Cellules Souches Germinales, IRCM, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.L.); (P.F.)
| | - Virginie Barraud-Lange
- Team Genomic Epigenetic and Physiopathology of Reproduction, Department of Genetic, Development and Cancer, Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France; (J.-P.W.); (V.B.-L.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospital Paris Centre, CHU Cochin, Laboratory of Histology Embryology Biology of Reproduction, 123 boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France
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4
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Kubota H, Brinster RL. Spermatogonial stem cells. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:52-74. [PMID: 29617903 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the most primitive spermatogonia in the testis and have an essential role to maintain highly productive spermatogenesis by self-renewal and continuous generation of daughter spermatogonia that differentiate into spermatozoa, transmitting genetic information to the next generation. Since the 1950s, many experimental methods, including histology, immunostaining, whole-mount analyses, and pulse-chase labeling, had been used in attempts to identify SSCs, but without success. In 1994, a spermatogonial transplantation method was reported that established a quantitative functional assay to identify SSCs by evaluating their ability to both self-renew and differentiate to spermatozoa. The system was originally developed using mice and subsequently extended to nonrodents, including domestic animals and humans. Availability of the functional assay for SSCs has made it possible to develop culture systems for their ex vivo expansion, which dramatically advanced germ cell biology and allowed medical and agricultural applications. In coming years, SSCs will be increasingly used to understand their regulation, as well as in germline modification, including gene correction, enhancement of male fertility, and conversion of somatic cells to biologically competent male germline cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kubota
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ralph L Brinster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sharma S, Wistuba J, Pock T, Schlatt S, Neuhaus N. Spermatogonial stem cells: updates from specification to clinical relevance. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 25:275-297. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Building D11, Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Wistuba
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Building D11, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Pock
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Building D11, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Building D11, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Neuhaus
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Building D11, Münster, Germany
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Watanabe S, Kanatsu-Shinohara M, Shinohara T. Sendai virus-mediated transduction of mammalian spermatogonial stem cells†. Biol Reprod 2019; 100:523-534. [PMID: 30165393 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) provide the foundation of spermatogenesis. However, because of their small number and slow self-renewal, transfection of SSCs has met with limited success. Although several viral vectors can infect SSCs, genome integration and an inability to maintain long-term gene expression have hampered studies on SSCs. Here we report successful SSC infection by Sendai virus (SV), an RNA virus in the Paramyxoviridae. The SV efficiently transduced germline stem (GS) cells, cultured spermatogonia with enriched SSC activity, and maintained gene expression for at least 5 months. It also infected freshly isolated SSCs from adult testes. The transfected GS cells reinitiated spermatogenesis following spermatogonial transplantation into seminiferous tubules of infertile mice, suggesting that SV transfection does not interfere with spermatogenesis progression. On the other hand, microinjection of SV into the seminiferous tubules of immature mice transduced SSCs and Sertoli cells, but did not transduce Leydig or peritubular cells by interstitial virus injection. SV-infected hamster GS cells, and freshly isolated rabbit or monkey SSC-like cells were identified following xenogeneic spermatogonial transplantation, suggesting that SV transduces SSCs from several mammalian species. Thus, SV is a useful vector that can transduce both SSCs and Sertoli cells and overcome problems associated with other viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mito Kanatsu-Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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7
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Takashima S. Biology and manipulation technologies of male germline stem cells in mammals. Reprod Med Biol 2018; 17:398-406. [PMID: 30377393 PMCID: PMC6194257 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the origin of sperm and defined by their functions of "colonization in the testis" and "spermatogenesis". In vitro manipulation techniques of SSCs contribute to a wide variety of fields including reproductive medicine and molecular breeding. This review presents the recent progress of the biology and manipulation technologies of SSCs. METHODS Research articles regarding SSC biology and technologies were collected and summarized. MAIN FINDINGS Dr. Ralph Brinster developed the spermatogonial transplantation technique that enables SSC detection by functional markers. Using this technique, cultured SSCs, termed germline stem (GS) cells, were established from the mouse. GS cells provide the opportunity to produce genome-edited animals without using zygotes. In vitro spermatogenesis allows production of haploid germ cells from GS cells without spermatogonial transplantation. The recent advancement of pluripotent stem cell culture techniques has also achieved production of functional GS-like cells in addition to male/female germ cells. CONCLUSION Although in vitro manipulation techniques of GS cells have been developed for the mouse, it appears to be difficult to apply these techniques to other species. Understanding and control of interspecies barriers are required to extend this technology to nonrodent mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takashima
- Faculty of Textile Science and TechnologyShinshu UniversityUedaJapan
- Graduate school of Science and TechnologyShinshu UniversityUedaJapan
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8
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Bhartiya D, Patel H, Ganguly R, Shaikh A, Shukla Y, Sharma D, Singh P. Novel Insights into Adult and Cancer Stem Cell Biology. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1527-1539. [PMID: 30051749 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissues are thought to harbor two populations of "dormant" and "actively dividing" stem cells. Quiescent stem cells undergo rare asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) through which they self-renew and give rise to tissue-committed "progenitors" of distinct fate and "progenitors" in turn undergo symmetric cell divisions (SCDs) and clonal expansion. However, quiescent stem cells have not been demonstrated in adult tissues such as skin, testis, liver, and brain. After surgical removal of part of liver and pancreas-adult differentiated cells divide and regenerate and a possible role of stem cells remains doubtful. Long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells are quiescent in nature but ACD has not been convincingly demonstrated even among them. Attempts by various groups to identify a common stemness program that ensures self-renewal among different kinds of stem cells have also remained futile. Uncontrolled self-renewal and compromised differentiation of stem cells possibly initiate leukemia/cancer, but the identity of leukemic stem cells and whether cancer stem cells arise by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in solid tumors are all open-ended questions that need greater clarity. Acceptance of the presence of very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) in adult tissues could clarify several of these existing dilemmas in the field. Data are compiled showing that VSELs undergo ACD in the hematopoietic system, testis, ovary, uterus, and pancreas, whereas tissue-committed progenitors undergo SCD and clonal expansion. VSELs possess similar overlapping stemness program as in embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells, embryonic germ cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and primordial germ cells. VSELs and leukemic and cancer cells express overlapping embryonic markers. Uncontrolled proliferation of VSELs and compromised differentiation possibly initiate leukemia. Process of EMT and initiation of solid tumor from VSELs (located among the epithelial cells) are indeed two distinct and parallel events. To conclude, VSELs provide explanation to several confounding aspects of adult stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health , Mumbai, India
| | - Hiren Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health , Mumbai, India
| | - Ranita Ganguly
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health , Mumbai, India
| | - Ambreen Shaikh
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health , Mumbai, India
| | - Yashvi Shukla
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health , Mumbai, India
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health , Mumbai, India
| | - Pushpa Singh
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health , Mumbai, India
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9
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Lee SW, Wu G, Choi NY, Lee HJ, Bang JS, Lee Y, Lee M, Ko K, Schöler HR, Ko K. Self-Reprogramming of Spermatogonial Stem Cells into Pluripotent Stem Cells without Microenvironment of Feeder Cells. Mol Cells 2018; 41:631-638. [PMID: 29991673 PMCID: PMC6078851 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) derived from mouse testis are unipotent in regard of spermatogenesis. Our previous study demonstrated that SSCs can be fully reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells, so called germline-derived pluripotent stem cells (gPS cells), on feeder cells (mouse embryonic fibroblasts), which supports SSC proliferation and induction of pluripotency. Because of an uncontrollable microenvironment caused by interactions with feeder cells, feeder-based SSC reprogramming is not suitable for elucidation of the self-reprogramming mechanism by which SSCs are converted into pluripotent stem cells. Recently, we have established a Matrigel-based SSC expansion culture system that allows long-term SSC proliferation without mouse embryonic fibroblast support. In this study, we developed a new feeder-free SSC self-reprogramming protocol based on the Matrigel-based culture system. The gPS cells generated using a feeder-free reprogramming system showed pluripotency at the molecular and cellular levels. The differentiation potential of gPS cells was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Our study shows for the first time that the induction of SSC pluripotency can be achieved without feeder cells. The newly developed feeder-free self-reprogramming system could be a useful tool to reveal the mechanism by which unipotent cells are self-reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Won Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster,
Germany
| | - Na Young Choi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Jin Seok Bang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Yukyeong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Minseong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Korea
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster,
Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster,
Germany
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- The University Open-Innovation Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
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10
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Takashima S, Shinohara T. Culture and transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 29:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Tang L, Bondareva A, González R, Rodriguez-Sosa JR, Carlson DF, Webster D, Fahrenkrug S, Dobrinski I. TALEN-mediated gene targeting in porcine spermatogonia. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:250-261. [PMID: 29393557 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonia represent a diploid germ cell population that includes spermatogonial stem cells. In this report, we describe new methods for isolation of highly enriched porcine spermatogonia based on light scatter properties, and for targeted mutagenesis in porcine spermatogonia using nucleofection and TALENs. We optimized a nucleofection protocol to deliver TALENs specifically targeting the DMD locus in porcine spermatogonia. We also validated specific sorting of porcine spermatogonia based on light scatter properties. We were able to obtain a highly enriched germ cell population with over 90% of cells being UCH-L1 positive undifferentiated spermatogonia. After gene targeting in porcine spermatogonia, indel (insertion or deletion) mutations as a result of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) were detected in up to 18% of transfected cells. Our report demonstrates for the first time an approach to obtain a live cell population highly enriched in undifferentiated spermatogonia from immature porcine testes, and that gene targeting can be achieved in porcine spermatogonia which will enable germ line modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alla Bondareva
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Raquel González
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jose R Rodriguez-Sosa
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ina Dobrinski
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Bhartiya D. Pluripotent Stem Cells in Adult Tissues: Struggling To Be Acknowledged Over Two Decades. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:713-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Bhartiya D, Shaikh A, Anand S, Patel H, Kapoor S, Sriraman K, Parte S, Unni S. Endogenous, very small embryonic-like stem cells: critical review, therapeutic potential and a look ahead. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 23:41-76. [PMID: 27614362 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were reported in 2006. In 2012, a Nobel Prize was awarded for iPS technology whereas even today the very existence of VSELs is not well accepted. The underlying reason is that VSELs exist in low numbers, remain dormant under homeostatic conditions, are very small in size and do not pellet down at 250-280g. The VSELs maintain life-long tissue homeostasis, serve as a backup pool for adult stem cells and are mobilized under stress conditions. An imbalance in VSELs function (uncontrolled proliferation) may result in cancer. SEARCH METHODS The electronic database 'Medline/Pubmed' was systematically searched with the subject heading term 'very small embryonic-like stem cells'. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The most primitive stem cells that undergo asymmetric cell divisions to self-renew and give rise to progenitors still remain elusive in the hematopoietic system and testes, while the presence of stem cells in ovary is still being debated. We propose to review the available literature on VSELs, the methods of their isolation and characterization, their ontogeny, how they compare with embryonic stem (ES) cells, primordial germ cells (PGCs) and iPS cells, and their role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. The review includes a look ahead on how VSELs will result in paradigm shifts in basic reproductive biology. OUTCOMES Adult tissue-specific stem cells including hematopoietic, spermatogonial, ovarian and mesenchymal stem cells have good proliferation potential and are indeed committed progenitors (with cytoplasmic OCT-4), which arise by asymmetric cell divisions of pluripotent VSELs (with nuclear OCT-4). VSELs are the most primitive stem cells and postulated to be an overlapping population with the PGCs. Rather than migrating only to the gonads, PGCs migrate and survive in various adult body organs throughout life as VSELs. VSELs express both pluripotent and PGC-specific markers and are epigenetically and developmentally more mature compared with ES cells obtained from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst-stage embryo. As a result, VSELs readily differentiate into three embryonic germ layers and spontaneously give rise to both sperm and oocytes in vitro. Like PGCs, VSELs do not divide readily in culture, nor produce teratoma or integrate in the developing embryo. But this property of being relatively quiescent allows endogenous VSELs to survive various kinds of toxic insults. VSELs that survive oncotherapy can be targeted to induce endogenous regeneration of non-functional gonads. Transplanting healthy niche (mesenchymal) cells have resulted in improved gonadal function and live births. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Being quiescent, VSELs possibly do not accumulate genomic (nuclear or mitochondrial) mutations and thus may be ideal endogenous, pluripotent stem cell candidates for regenerative and reproductive medicine. The presence of VSELs in adult gonads and the fact that they survive oncotherapy may obviate the need to bank gonadal tissue for fertility preservation prior to oncotherapy. VSELs and their ability to undergo spermatogenesis/neo-oogenesis in the presence of a healthy niche will help identify newer strategies toward fertility restoration in cancer survivors, delaying menopause and also enabling aged mothers to have better quality eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Ambreen Shaikh
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sandhya Anand
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Hiren Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sona Kapoor
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Kalpana Sriraman
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.,The Foundation for Medical Research, 84-A, RG Thadani Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400018, India
| | - Seema Parte
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.,Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 2301 S 3rd St, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sreepoorna Unni
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.,Inter Disciplinary Studies Department, University College, Zayed University, Academic City, PO Box 19282, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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