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Gueho A, Żarski D, Rime H, Guével B, Com E, Lavigne R, Nguyen T, Montfort J, Pineau C, Bobe J. Evolutionarily conserved ovarian fluid proteins are responsible for extending egg viability in salmonid fish. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9651. [PMID: 38671194 PMCID: PMC11053066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to most fishes, salmonids exhibit the unique ability to hold their eggs for several days after ovulation without significant loss of viability. During this period, eggs are held in the body cavity in a biological fluid, the coelomic fluid (CF) that is responsible for preserving egg viability. To identify CF proteins responsible for preserving egg viability, a proteomic comparison was performed using 3 salmonid species and 3 non-salmonid species to identify salmonid-specific highly abundant proteins. In parallel, rainbow trout CF fractions were purified and used in a biological test to estimate their egg viability preservation potential. The most biologically active CF fractions were then subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. We identified 50 proteins overabundant in salmonids and present in analytical fractions with high egg viability preservation potential. The identity of these proteins illuminates the biological processes participating in egg viability preservation. Among identified proteins of interest, the ovarian-specific expression and abundance in CF at ovulation of N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase a (Nansa) suggest a previously unsuspected role. We show that salmonid CF is a complex biological fluid containing a diversity of proteins related to immunity, calcium binding, lipid metabolism, proteolysis, extracellular matrix and sialic acid metabolic pathway that are collectively responsible for preserving egg viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Gueho
- INRAE UR1037, Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Żarski
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Hélène Rime
- INRAE UR1037, Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Blandine Guével
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
- CNRS, Inserm, Biosit UAR 3480 US_S 018, Protim Core Facility, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Com
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
- CNRS, Inserm, Biosit UAR 3480 US_S 018, Protim Core Facility, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Régis Lavigne
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
- CNRS, Inserm, Biosit UAR 3480 US_S 018, Protim Core Facility, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Thaovi Nguyen
- INRAE UR1037, Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Montfort
- INRAE UR1037, Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Charles Pineau
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
- CNRS, Inserm, Biosit UAR 3480 US_S 018, Protim Core Facility, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRAE UR1037, Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Refrigerated storage of European common frog Rana temporaria oocytes. Cryobiology 2018; 83:56-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Ribeiro DC, Chagas J, Bashiyo-Silva C, Costa RS, Veríssimo-Silveira R, Ninhaus-Silveira A. Oocyte viability and cortical activation under different salt solutions in Prochilodus lineatus (Teleostei: Prochilodontidae). Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:932-938. [PMID: 28556240 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of five salt solutions in the maintenance of morphological features of cortical alveolus, hydration and fertilization capacity of Prochilodus lineatus oocytes. For this purpose, five saline solutions were tested: Ringer's solution, Ringer's lactate solution, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), Hank's balanced salt solution without calcium (HBSS without calcium) and solution for salmonid eggs. Oocytes were maintained for 2 hr in saline solution with controlled temperature subsequently evaluated for hydration, cortical activation and fertilization ability. In the evaluation of the fertilization ability, two controls were used: C1-fertilized oocytes after extrusion-and C2-oocytes kept in ovarian fluid and fertilized after 2 hr. There was a significant reduction in the viability of oocytes C2 (28.8% ± 12.9%) compared to C1 (65.3% ± 26.7%), and no significant differences were found between treatments HBSS and HBSS without calcium and C2. Only HBSS and HBSS without calcium maintained the non-activated state of the gametes, with a fertilization rate of 16.4% ± 6.7% and 5.6% ± 2.3%, respectively; however, they did not extend the viability of oocytes, such that they continued to undergo degradation during the storage period, similar to oocytes retained only in ovarian fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Ribeiro
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jma Chagas
- Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Bashiyo-Silva
- Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R S Costa
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Veríssimo-Silveira
- Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Ninhaus-Silveira
- Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Skoblina MN, Minin AA. Hormonal induction of in vitro maturation and ovulation of loach oocytes and obtaining egg cells capable of fertilization and development. Russ J Dev Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360415030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Luckenbach JA, Yamamoto Y, Guzmán JM, Swanson P. Identification of ovarian genes regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) in vitro during early secondary oocyte growth in coho salmon. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013. [PMID: 23200633 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) function in fishes is poorly understood. This study aimed to reveal Fsh-regulated genes in coho salmon previtellogenic ovarian follicles in vitro. Four suppression subtractive hybridization libraries were generated with RNA isolated from Fsh-treated and control follicles or follicle cell-enriched tissue fractions. Fsh induced steroidogenesis and dynamically upregulated several genes predominantly expressed in follicle cells, including WAP domain-containing protease, connexin 34.3, clusterin (clu1, clu2), fibronectin, wilms tumor 2-like, and influenza virus NS1A-binding protein a. Genes downregulated by Fsh included connective tissue growth factor, alcohol dehydrogenase 8-like, and serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1. This study demonstrates for the first time in fishes that Fsh influences the expression of a unique suite of ovarian genes involved in processes like cell communication, survival and differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Collectively, these findings suggest that Fsh and/or steroids induce differentiation of granulosa cells and remodeling of the follicle in preparation for onset of vitellogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adam Luckenbach
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.
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7
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Goetz FW. The "ups" and "downs" in Using Subtractive Cloning Techniques to Isolate Regulated Genes in Fish. Integr Comp Biol 2012; 43:786-93. [PMID: 21680477 DOI: 10.1093/icb/43.6.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, subtractive cloning approaches have been used extensively to isolate genes that are up- or down-regulated under various conditions. These techniques have provided the foundation for many subsequent studies concerning gene function and regulation and, as such, have been valuable tools for many biological fields. Over the past 10 years, we have used different subtractive cloning approaches to isolate genes in fish that are regulated in relation to hormonal stimulation or the stage of ovarian maturation. These include conventional cDNA subtraction followed by library screening, differential display PCR, suppression subtraction hybridization, and more recently, iterative PCR subtraction. We continue to use these techniques for the isolation of new genes involved in physiological processes in fish and bivalve molluscs. Examples that illustrate the use of these different subtractive cloning techniques are described, including where possible the advantages and disadvantages of each. In addition, the use of ancillary methods (e.g., "Reverse Northerns") to facilitate the use of these subtractive approaches are discussed.
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Hagedorn M, Carter VL. Zebrafish reproduction: revisiting in vitro fertilization to increase sperm cryopreservation success. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21059. [PMID: 21698162 PMCID: PMC3116877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conventional cryopreservation is a proven method for long-term, safe storage of genetic material, protocols used by the zebrafish community are not standardized and yield inconsistent results, thereby putting the security of many genotypes in individual laboratories and stock centers at risk. An important challenge for a successful zebrafish sperm cryopreservation program is the large variability in the post-thaw in vitro fertilization success (0 to 80%). But how much of this variability was due to the reproductive traits of the in vitro fertilization process, and not due to the cryopreservation process? These experiments only assessed the in vitro process with fresh sperm, but yielded the basic metrics needed for successful in vitro fertilization using cryopreserved sperm, as well. We analyzed the reproductive traits for zebrafish males with a strict body condition range. It did not correlate with sperm volume, or motility (P>0.05), but it did correlate with sperm concentration. Younger males produced more concentrated sperm (P<0.05). To minimize the wastage of sperm during the in vitro fertilization process, 106 cells/ml was the minimum sperm concentration needed to achieve an in vitro fertilization success of ≥ 70%. During the in vitro process, pooling sperm did not reduce fertilization success (P>0.05), but pooling eggs reduced it by approximately 30 to 50% (P<0.05). This reduction in fertilization success was due not to the pooling of the females' eggs, but to the type of tools used to handle the eggs. Recommendations to enhance the in vitro process for zebrafish include: 1) using males of a body condition closer to 1.5 for maximal sperm concentration; 2) minimizing sperm wastage by using a working sperm concentration of 106 motile cells/ml for in vitro fertilization; and 3) never using metal or sharp-edged tools to handle eggs prior to fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hagedorn
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, United States of America.
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Depince A, Marandel L, Goardon L, Le Bail PY, Labbe C. Trout coelomic fluid suitability as Goldfish oocyte extender can be determined by a simple turbidity test. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1755-61. [PMID: 21356550 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Depince
- Cryopreservation and Regeneration group, INRA, Rennes, France
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Bail PYL, Depince A, Chenais N, Mahe S, Maisse G, Labbe C. Optimization of somatic cell injection in the perspective of nuclear transfer in goldfish. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:64. [PMID: 20529309 PMCID: PMC2889862 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Nuclear transfer has the potential to become one strategy for fish genetic resources management, by allowing fish reconstruction from cryopreserved somatic cells. Survival rates after nuclear transfer are still low however. The part played by unsuitable handling conditions is often questioned, but the different steps in the procedure are difficult to address separately. In this work led on goldfish (Carassius auratus), the step of somatic cells injection was explored. Non-enucleated metaphase II oocytes were used as a template to explore the toxicity of the injection medium, to estimate the best location where the cell should be injected, and to assess the delay necessary between cell injection and oocyte activation. Results Trout coelomic fluid was the most suitable medium to maintain freshly spawned oocytes at the metaphase II stage during oocyte manipulation. Oocytes were then injected with several media to test their toxicity on embryo development after fertilization. Trout coelomic fluid was the least toxic medium after injection, and the smallest injected volume (10 pL) allowed the same hatching rates as the non injected controls (84.8% ± 23). In somatic cell transfer experiments using non enucleated metaphase II oocytes as recipient, cell plasma membrane was ruptured within one minute after injection. Cell injection at the top of the animal pole in the oocyte allowed higher development rates than cell injection deeper within the oocyte (respectively 59% and 23% at mid-blastula stage). Embryo development rates were also higher when oocyte activation was delayed for 30 min after cell injection than when activation was induced without delay (respectively 72% and 48% at mid-blastula stage). Conclusions The best ability of goldfish oocytes to sustain embryo development was obtained when the carrier medium was trout coelomic fluid, when the cell was injected close to the animal pole, and when oocyte activation was induced 30 min after somatic cell injection. Although the experiments were not designed to produce characterized clones, application of these parameters to somatic cell nuclear transfer experiments in enucleated metaphase II oocytes is expected to improve the quality of the reconstructed embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Le Bail
- INRA, Cryopreservation and Regeneration of Fish, UR1037 SCRIBE, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35 000 Rennes, France
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Seppola M, Johnsen H, Mennen S, Myrnes B, Tveiten H. Maternal transfer and transcriptional onset of immune genes during ontogenesis in Atlantic cod. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:1205-1211. [PMID: 19577592 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The immune system in teleosts is not completely developed during embryonic and larval stages and immune competence is assumed to be restricted. This study is the first to address whether immune transcripts are maternally transferred to offspring and when immune genes are transcriptionally active in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). In unfertilised eggs, transcripts encoding lysozyme and cathelicidin were found indicating maternal transfer of antibacterial transcripts. Lysozyme activity was also present at this stage suggesting the presence of a functional protein. Transcripts of two other putative antibacterial genes (hepcidin and pentraxin) and antiviral genes (ISG15 and LGP2) were absent in unfertilised eggs. The transcriptional onset of these genes occurred during the gastrula period. Transcripts of the heavy chain constant regions of the immunoglobulin (Ig) D, membrane-associated and secreted form of IgM were absent in unfertilised eggs. Transcription of the heavy chain locus commenced at low levels during the segmentation period indicating the onset of B-cell development. Most innate immune genes showed an increase in transcription around hatch and first feeding, indicating a preparation for increased pathogen exposure at this time. Prior to and during metamorphosis all genes showed a pronounced elevation in transcript levels indicating a further maturation of the immune system during this period.
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Hatef A, Niksirat H, Alavi SMH. Composition of ovarian fluid in endangered Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius, and its effects on spermatozoa motility and fertilizing ability compared to freshwater and a saline medium. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2009; 35:695-700. [PMID: 19169837 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ovarian fluid composition and its effects on the motility and fertilizing ability of sperm were studied in endangered Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius, and were compared with a saline activation medium (125 mM NaCl, 30 mM Glycine, 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH = 9.0) and freshwater as the control. The ovarian fluid was composed of sodium 164.4 +/- 4.4 mM l(-1), potassium 1.8 +/- 0.1 mM l(-1), calcium 0.6 +/- 0.1 mM l(-1), magnesium 0.4 +/- 0.02 mM l(-1), chloride 127.4 +/- 5.9 mM l(-1), total protein 389.5 +/- 89.6 mg 100 ml(-1), cholesterol 9.3 +/- 1.2 mg dl(-1), and glucose 3.3 +/- 0.2 mM l(-1). The percentage of motile spermatozoa and the duration of sperm motility were significantly higher in ovarian fluid (62 +/- 3%, 74.6 +/- 0.8 s) than freshwater (35 +/- 4%, 44 +/- 1 s), but they did not differ significantly from saline medium (56 +/- 3%, 74.3 +/- 0.7 s) (P > 0.05). Higher eyeing rates were observed after the activation of sperm in ovarian fluid and saline solution than freshwater when 35,000 or 350,000 spermatozoa per egg were added into the activation media. However, no significant differences were observed at higher concentrations of spermatozoa per egg (730,000) (P > 0.05). Also, this study showed that the ovarian fluid composition can be considered as a species-specific character among salmonid fishes. As a conclusion, the results of this study recommend the use of ovarian fluid or the saline solution as an activation medium in the artificial reproduction of Caspian brown trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hatef
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
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Siripattarapravat K, Busta A, Steibel JP, Cibelli J. Characterization and in vitro control of MPF activity in zebrafish eggs. Zebrafish 2009; 6:97-105. [PMID: 19292671 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2008.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the characterization of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) in zebrafish eggs and used different defined conditions to maintain its activity in vitro. MPF activity levels are high in freshly ovulated mature eggs and decline rapidly within 5 min after either fertilization or parthenogenetic activation. The MPF activity of eggs matured in vitro declines faster when the eggs are incubated in Hank's culture medium supplemented with 0.5% BSA (H-BSA) than when incubated in Chinook salmon ovarian fluid (CSOF). MPF activity in nonactivated, aged eggs remains high in H-BSA supplemented with 75 microM MG132 or 10 mM caffeine, but neither MG132 nor caffeine can sustain high MPF activity in activated eggs. MG132-treated eggs showed delayed completion of metaphase and extrusion of the second polar body. Nuclear staining of the activated eggs confirmed the correlation between their cell cycle stage and MPF activity at each time point. An embryotoxic effect was found when matured eggs were held in 100 microM of MG132 or 20 mM caffeine for 1 h. Calcium-depleted medium and 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid also showed detrimental effects on the embryos. Conversely, nonactivated, aged matured eggs maintained high MPF activity and developmental potential when CSOF was used as a holding medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika Siripattarapravat
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program-College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Stoddard JW, Parsons JE, Nagler JJ. Early onset of embryonic mortality in sub-fertile families of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Reprod Fertil Dev 2006; 17:785-90. [PMID: 16476205 DOI: 10.1071/rd05087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival during early embryonic development is highly variable in oviparous fishes and appears to be related to events associated with the female at the time of ovulation and spawning. The goal of this study was to identify critical periods of mortality associated with early embryonic development in egg batches from female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that were checked for ovulation every 5-7 days. The experiment was designed to specifically remove post-ovulatory ageing and reduce paternal variability. Embryo viability in 269 single-pair-mated families was systematically tracked at the following five stages: second cleavage (0.5 days post fertilisation (dpf)), elevated blastula (2.5 dpf), embryonic shield (6 dpf), embryonic keel (9 dpf), and retinal pigmentation (19 dpf). At each of the five stages families with embryo viability assessments of <80% were classed as sub-fertile, whereas those with >80% embryo viability were classed as fertile. Embryo viability in sub-fertile families was distinctly reduced at 0.5 dpf, in contrast to fertile families, but remained constant from that point through to 19 dpf. These results suggest that the critical period of early embryonic mortality in sub-fertile families of rainbow trout parallels events that occur at or shortly after fertilisation and is independent of post-ovulatory aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Stoddard
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
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15
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Abstract
AWAP IV constitutes the C-terminal domain of the larger 81 kDa protein AWAK [Avian WAP (whey acidic protein) domain- and Kunitz domain-containing], which is predicted, through conserved domain database searching, to contain at least four WAP domains and one Kunitz domain. RT (reverse transcription)–PCR analyses revealed mRNA transcripts encoding AWAP IV in the small intestinal and kidney tissues of 5-day-old Salmonella-infected chicks. Time-kill antimicrobial assays using rAWAP IV (recombinant AWAP IV) cell lysate indicated antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Salmonella, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus spp. In addition, permeabilization of the outer membrane of Salmonella, as shown by the NPN (N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine) fluorescent probe assay, supported the ability of rAWAP IV to disrupt prokaryotic membranes. WAP domains can function as inhibitors of serine protease activity, and the microbial serine proteases subtilisin and proteinase K were inhibited by rAWAP IV cell lysate. However, at comparable concentrations, no significant inhibition of the mammalian serine protease elastase was observed. The combined broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-protease activities of AWAP IV suggest a novel role in the avian innate defence mechanisms operating against microbial infection.
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Nile CJ, Townes CL, Hirst BH, Hall J. The novel avian protein, AWAK, contains multiple domains with homology to protease inhibitory modules. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:388-94. [PMID: 16310052 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the purification of a 3.5kDa peptide with antimicrobial activity from the mucosa and epithelial cells of chicken intestine. The peptide contains a pattern of cysteines characteristic of a whey acidic protein (WAP) domain and was identified as the carboxy terminal fragment of a novel 767 amino acid avian protein which has a proposed molecular weight of 81kDa. Using the conserved domain database (CDD) we identified this 81kDa protein to contain multiple amino acid motifs with homology to WAP domains and an amino acid motif with homology to a Kunitz proteinase inhibitor domain. We propose to call this avian protein AWAK (Avian WAP motif containing, Kunitz domain containing). The presence of WAP and Kunitz modules suggests that AWAK has proteinase inhibitor activity. RT-PCR analyses demonstrated expression of the AWAK gene in the chicken intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Nile
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Kings Walk, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Bromage ES, Ye J, Kaattari SL. Antibody structural variation in rainbow trout fluids. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 143:61-9. [PMID: 16324863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with trinitrophenylated-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH) and the redox structure of induced anti-TNP antibodies from the serum, mucus, egg and ovarian fluid was examined. In conducting these studies it was determined that all TNP-specific antibody from each source possessed the mAb-specific H chain (1-14) epitopes, which facilitated the direct structural analysis of the induced antibodies. A protocol was developed which ensured complete adsorption of all specific anti-TNP antibody from each fluid. Together these protocols permitted the unbiased compositional analysis of all redox forms of the anti-TNP antibodies from each source. All antibodies, regardless of source, possessed the same molecular mass, characteristic of the trout tetramer (800 kDa). It was found that specific antibody titers were significantly higher in male than female trout, while the degree of disulfide polymerization was relatively invariant in male antibodies, while being highly variable in female antibodies. Within the females, no distinctively different redox ratios were between antibodies isolated from sera, ovarian fluid or eggs: however, mucus antibodies possessed a unique redox structure consisting of halfmeric constituents that were not observed in antibodies from other fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Bromage
- Department of Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, VA 23062, USA
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Hosomi O, Ohe Y, Takeya A, Hosaka K, Okubo T, Iyobe S, Kudo S. Nucleotide and protein sequences of a proteinase inhibitor from the vitelline envelope of dace (Tribolodon hakonensis) eggs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 301:756-66. [PMID: 15559937 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our experimental purpose is to probe the structure(s) of the chorionic proteinase inhibitor and its cDNA sequence(s) and to develop the application of safe medicines for protection of human and other animal bodies from pathogenic microbe attacks. In this study, chorionic proteinase inhibitor protein was isolated, sequenced and used to base the design of PCR primers, which were then used to amplify DNA using RT-PCR. A cDNA clone of the protein which inhibited the activities of serine proteinases and thermolysin was obtained on the basis of mRNA extracted from ovarian tissue of dace, Tribolodon hakonensis, and the deduced amino acid sequence was determined. Chorionic proteinase inhibitor (TribSPI) peptides of about 9.0 kDa (TribSPI) and 14 kDa (TribSPI-S) were purified from vitelline envelope extracts by thermolysin-immobilized affinity-chromatography. The cloned TribSPI cDNA was 1806 bp in length, and the open reading flame (ORF) was 915 bp encoding a protein of 305 amino acid residues. The inhibitor protein had a molecular mass of 33,550 daltons and was composed of five similar domains. Each domain contained eight cysteine residues, and it's deduced amino acid sequence was only 33 approximately 34% identical to those of human and porcine antileukoproteinases (hALP and pALP, respectively). A possible binding-site for serine proteinases, Arg-Ile, was contained in three domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Hosomi
- Department of Health Science, School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University 1-1, Hiragagakuendai, Inba-mura, Inba-gun, Chiba, Japan.
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Rime H, Guitton N, Pineau C, Bonnet E, Bobe J, Jalabert B. Post-ovulatory ageing and egg quality: a proteomic analysis of rainbow trout coelomic fluid. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004; 2:26. [PMID: 15180895 PMCID: PMC443514 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Accepted: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In fish, oocyte post-ovulatory ageing is associated with egg quality decrease. During this period, eggs are held in the body cavity where they bath in a semi-viscous liquid known as coelomic fluid (CF). CF components are suspected to play a role in maintaining oocyte fertility and developmental competence (egg quality). However, CF proteic composition remains poorly studied. Thus rainbow trout CF proteome was studied during the egg quality decrease associated with oocyte post-ovulatory ageing. METHODS High resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the proteome of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) CF in relationship with the egg quality decrease associated with oocyte post-ovulatory ageing. A first experiment was performed using CF pools originating from 17 females sampled at ovulation as well as 7, 14 and 21 days later. These observations were verified using a second set of CF pools originating from 22 females sampled 5 and 16 days following ovulation. RESULTS Approximately 200 protein spots of 10-105 kDa molecular mass and 3-10 pI were detected in CF samples. Several protein spots, while undetected at the time of ovulation, exhibited a progressive and strong accumulation in CF during post-ovulatory ageing. After silver-staining and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Time Of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer analysis, some of these protein spots were identified as lipovitellin II fragments. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that egg protein fragments accumulate in the CF during the post-ovulatory period and could therefore be used to detect egg quality defects associated with oocyte post-ovulatory ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Rime
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SCRIBE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Guitton
- GERHM-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U625, Campus de Beaulieu, Université de Rennes I, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Charles Pineau
- GERHM-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U625, Campus de Beaulieu, Université de Rennes I, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Emilie Bonnet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SCRIBE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Julien Bobe
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SCRIBE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Jalabert
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SCRIBE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
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Wood AW, Matsumoto J, Van Der Kraak G. Thyroglobulin type-1 domain protease inhibitors exhibit specific expression in the cortical ooplasm of vitellogenic rainbow trout oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2004; 69:205-14. [PMID: 15293222 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, uptake, and processing of yolk proteins remain poorly described aspects of oviparous reproductive development. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of two protease inhibitors in rainbow trout ovary whose expression and distribution are directly associated with yolk protein uptake in vitellogenic oocytes. The first transcript, termed "oocyte protease inhibitor-1" (OPI-1), is predicted to encode a 9.1 kDa, 87 amino acid protein containing a single thyroglobulin type-1 (TY) domain, identifying it as a putative TY domain inhibitor. The second transcript, termed OPI-2, is predicted to encode an 18.3 kDa, 173 amino acid protein with two similar, but not identical, TY domains. Messenger RNA expression of both genes was first detected in ovarian tissues at the onset of vitellogenesis, and persisted throughout the vitellogenic growth phase. We did not detect expression of either gene in previtellogenic ovaries, nor in any somatic tissues examined. Expression of OPI-1 mRNA was significantly reduced in atretic follicles as compared to healthy vitellogenic follicles, suggesting a downregulation of inhibitor expression during oocyte atresia. Western immunoblot analyses of whole yolk from vitellogenic oocytes revealed the presence of two immunoreactive proteins that corresponded to the predicted sizes of OPI-1 and OPI-2. We detected strong crossreactivity of this antiserum with specific vesicles in the cortical ooplasm of vitellogenic oocytes, in regions directly associated with vitellogenin processing. The identification of OPI-1 and OPI-2 provides new evidence for the expression of multiple TY domain protease inhibitors likely involved in the regulation of yolk processing during oocyte growth in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony W Wood
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Rizzo E, Godinho HP, Sato Y. Short-term storage of oocytes from the neotropical teleost fish Prochilodus marggravii. Theriogenology 2003; 60:1059-70. [PMID: 12935846 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The loss of oocyte viability after ovulation is one of the limiting factors in controlled reproduction of several fish species. Experiments were performed with 15 feral Prochilodus marggravii female fish induced to spawn with crude carp pituitary extract to evaluate the viability of oocytes retained within the ovarian cavity (in situ storage) and outside of the ovarian cavity (ex situ storage). Because fertility rates rapidly declined after ovulation, simultaneously with an increase in the number of deformed larvae, P. marggravii oocytes could only be successfully stored for 1 h ex situ at room temperature ( approximately 26 degrees C). There was a highly negative correlation (r = -0.82) between fertilization and deformed larvae during in situ storage at approximately 26 degrees C. Ex situ cooling (18 degrees C) caused a drastic reduction in fertilization rates as compared with storage at approximately 26 degrees C. Oocyte structure was preserved during 2 h storage and the cortical reaction was induced before spawning. Since the micropylar apparatus remained open, it was not the primary cause for the loss of oocyte fertility. The cytoskeleton of the oocyte appeared to be affected since ooplasmic segregation was altered after 2 h storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizete Rizzo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Lung O, Tram U, Finnerty CM, Eipper-Mains MA, Kalb JM, Wolfner MF. The Drosophila melanogaster seminal fluid protein Acp62F is a protease inhibitor that is toxic upon ectopic expression. Genetics 2002; 160:211-24. [PMID: 11805057 PMCID: PMC1461949 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/160.1.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster seminal fluid proteins stimulate sperm storage and egg laying in the mated female but also cause a reduction in her life span. We report here that of eight Drosophila seminal fluid proteins (Acps) and one non-Acp tested, only Acp62F is toxic when ectopically expressed. Toxicity to preadult male or female Drosophila occurs upon one exposure, whereas multiple exposures are needed for toxicity to adult female flies. Of the Acp62F received by females during mating, approximately 10% enters the circulatory system while approximately 90% remains in the reproductive tract. We show that in the reproductive tract, Acp62F localizes to the lumen of the uterus and the female's sperm storage organs. Analysis of Acp62F's sequence, and biochemical assays, reveals that it encodes a trypsin inhibitor with sequence and structural similarities to extracellular serine protease inhibitors from the nematode Ascaris. In light of previous results demonstrating entry of Acp62F into the mated female's hemolymph, we propose that Acp62F is a candidate for a molecule to contribute to the Acp-dependent decrease in female life span. We propose that Acp62F's protease inhibitor activity exerts positive protective functions in the mated female's reproductive tract but that entry of a small amount of this protein into the female's hemolymph could contribute to the cost of mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Lung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Bobe J, Goetz FW. Cysteine protease inhibitor is specifically expressed in pre- and early-vitellogenic oocytes from the brook trout periovulatory ovary. Mol Reprod Dev 2001; 60:312-8. [PMID: 11599042 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA fragment hybridizing with a transcript abundant in the periovulatory ovary was obtained while performing subtractive cloning on brook trout ovulatory and postovulatory ovarian tissue. Using this fragment as a probe, a 478 bp full-length cDNA was obtained by screening an ovulatory ovarian cDNA library. This cDNA presumably codes for an 88 amino acid protein that is structurally related to a new family of cysteine protease inhibitors characterized by the presence of a type I thyroglobulin motif in the amino acid sequence. Therefore, the protein was tentatively named an oocyte cysteine protease inhibitor (OCPI). On Northern blots, the OCPI cDNA hybridizes with a 0.5 kb transcript present in the ovary during the periovulatory period. The OCPI transcript and protein were localized to the cytoplasm of pre- and early-vitellogenic oocytes. On Northern blots of RNA from other tissues, the OCPI transcript was detected only in the ovary. On Western blots, OCPI was detected in the ovarian tissue at all periovulatory stages tested. The specific localization of both OCPI transcript and protein to pre- and early-vitellogenic oocytes and the structural similarity to protease inhibitors, suggest that OCPI might be involved in the protection of oocytes during the periovulatory period or in the regulation of yolk formation and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bobe
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, S.C.R.I.B.E., Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes Cedex, France
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Bobe J, Goetz FW. An ovarian progastricsin is present in the trout coelomic fluid after ovulation. Biol Reprod 2001; 64:1048-55. [PMID: 11259249 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.4.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An up-regulated cDNA fragment was isolated using a differential display polymerase chain reaction between ovulatory and postovulatory brook trout ovarian tissues. Using this fragment as a probe, a full-length cDNA of 1783 base pairs was obtained from an ovarian cDNA library. The cDNA presumably codes for a 383-amino acid protein with strong sequence similarity to an aspartic protease, progastricsin (EC 3.4.23.3), also known as pepsinogen C. On Northern blots of ovarian tissue, the trout progastricsin cDNA hybridized with a 1.8-kilobase transcript that was strongly up-regulated 4-6 days after ovulation. Of all other tissues tested, a transcript was only detected in the stomach. A recombinant trout progastricsin protein was produced and used to raise an antibody. On Western blots of ovarian tissue, the progastricsin antibody recognized a single 39-kDa protein that was present in the ovary only following ovulation. On Western blots of coelomic fluid, the 39-kDa protein was strongly detected 4-10 days after ovulation. The trout progastricsin was immunocytochemically localized to the granulosa cells of postovulatory follicles, suggesting that it is released from this tissue into the coelomic fluid following ovulation. Progastricsin has been found in the stomach, prostate, seminal vesicle, seminal fluid, and pancreas of vertebrates; however, this is the first report of a progastricsin in an animal ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bobe
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, S.C.R.I.B.E., 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
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Coffman MA, Pinter JH, Goetz FW. Trout ovulatory proteins: site of synthesis, regulation, and possible biological function. Biol Reprod 2000; 62:928-38. [PMID: 10727262 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod62.4.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The mRNA transcripts for trout ovulatory proteins (TOPs) are dramatically up-regulated at the time of ovulation. Previous studies indicated that TOPs were produced by the ovaries and were also present in the coelomic fluid that bathes ovulated eggs. In the present study, Western analysis indicated that TOPs were not present in the coelomic fluid prior to ovulation and therefore must be secreted into the coelomic fluid in large quantities during and after ovulation. Using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry, TOP mRNA and proteins were localized to the granulosa cell layer of the postovulatory follicle. A whole-follicle in vitro incubation system was used to look at the effects of various mediators on TOP mRNA and protein levels. Results of several different secondary messenger agonists suggest that TOPs are regulated through a G protein-mediated pathway that does not involve cAMP but may involve the activation of protein kinase C. Other agonists that had significant effects on TOP RNA and/or protein included transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), serine proteases, corticosteroids, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and the nitric oxide generator SNAP ([+/-]-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine). Overall, while several compounds caused significant effects, none were able to reproduce the increase in TOP RNA and protein that occurs in vivo, suggesting that the natural mediator of TOPs may still be untested, or that a combination of mediators may be involved. Finally, coelomic fluid inhibited the growth of the Gram negative bacterium, P. aeruginosa, and this inhibition was lost following immunoprecipitation of TOPs. This suggests that one function of TOPs may be to protect ovulated eggs from bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Coffman
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369, USA
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