1
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Keane JA, Ealy AD. An Overview of Reactive Oxygen Species Damage Occurring during In Vitro Bovine Oocyte and Embryo Development and the Efficacy of Antioxidant Use to Limit These Adverse Effects. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:330. [PMID: 38275789 PMCID: PMC10812430 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos has gained popularity worldwide and in recent years and its use for producing embryos from genetically elite heifers and cows has surpassed the use of conventional superovulation-based embryo production schemes. There are, however, several issues with the IVP of embryos that remain unresolved. One limitation of special concern is the low efficiency of the IVP of embryos. Exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one reason why the production of embryos with IVP is diminished. These highly reactive molecules are generated in small amounts through normal cellular metabolism, but their abundances increase in embryo culture because of oocyte and embryo exposure to temperature fluctuations, light exposure, pH changes, atmospheric oxygen tension, suboptimal culture media formulations, and cryopreservation. When uncontrolled, ROS produce detrimental effects on the structure and function of genomic and mitochondrial DNA, alter DNA methylation, increase lipid membrane damage, and modify protein activity. Several intrinsic enzymatic pathways control ROS abundance and damage, and antioxidants react with and reduce the reactive potential of ROS. This review will focus on exploring the efficiency of supplementing several of these antioxidant molecules on oocyte maturation, sperm viability, fertilization, and embryo culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan D. Ealy
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
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2
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Ramos-Ibeas P, Pérez-Gómez A, González-Brusi L, Quiroga AC, Bermejo-Álvarez P. Pre-hatching exposure to N2B27 medium improves post-hatching development of bovine embryos in vitro. Theriogenology 2023; 205:73-78. [PMID: 37087966 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Ungulate embryos undergo critical cell differentiation and proliferation events around and after blastocyst hatching. Failures in these processes lead to early pregnancy losses, which generate an important economic impact on farming. Conventional embryo culture media, such as SOF, are unable to support embryo development beyond hatching. In contrast, N2B27 medium supports early post-hatching development, evidencing a swift in embryonic nutritional requirements during this developmental window. Here, we investigate if earlier exposure to N2B27 could improve embryo development after hatching. Embryo culture in N2B27 from day (D) 5, 6 or 7 significantly enhanced complete hypoblast migration (>45 vs. ∼24%) and epiblast development into an embryonic disc (ED)-like structure at D12 (>40 vs. 23%), compared to embryos cultured in SOF up to D9. Culture in N2B27 from D5 significantly increased epiblast and hypoblast cell number in D8 blastocysts, but post-hatching embryos cultured in N2B27 from D5 or 6 frequently showed a disorganized distribution of epiblast cells. In conclusion, bovine embryo culture in N2B27 from D7 onwards improves subsequent post-hatching development. This improved fully in vitro system will be very useful to functionally explore cell differentiation mechanisms and the bases of early pregnancy failures without requiring animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ramos-Ibeas
- Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - A Pérez-Gómez
- Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - L González-Brusi
- Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - A C Quiroga
- Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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3
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Bahrami M, Morris MB, Day ML. Glutamine, proline, and isoleucine support maturation and fertilisation of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2023; 201:59-67. [PMID: 36842262 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Successful in-vitro production of bovine embryos relies on meiotic maturation of oocytes in vitro (IVM) before they can be fertilised. High levels of IVM are currently achieved using a complex medium that contains all 20 common amino acids, namely TCM199, but can also be achieved using a simple inorganic salt solution containing non-essential amino acids, proline, and glutamine. Further simplification of the amino acid content of medium used for IVM could lead to a more defined medium that provides reproducible IVM. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the minimal amino acid requirements for bovine oocyte nuclear maturation, as measured by progression to metaphase II (MII) of meiosis. Supplementation of a simple medium composed of inorganic salts (M1 medium) with multiple amino-acid combinations showed that M1 containing glutamine, proline, and isoleucine resulted in nuclear maturation comparable to that of TCM199 (57.4 ± 3.4% vs 67% ± 1.7%, respectively) but was reduced when cystine (Cys2) to that seen with M1 alone (38.0 ± 2.2%). Viability of oocytes matured in this simplified medium was equal to those matured in TCM199 since the same proportion of zygotes with 2 pronuclei were observed following fertilisation in medium containing no amino acids (33.9 ± 6.5% vs 33.3 ± 3.6%, respectively). Addition of glutamine, proline and isoleucine to fertilisation medium also increased the proportion of zygotes but did not increase blastocyst development rates. Thus, a defined medium containing only glutamine, proline and isoleucine is sufficient for oocyte maturation and successful fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bahrami
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Michael B Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margot L Day
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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4
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Effects of fetal bovine serum on trophectoderm and primitive endoderm cell allocation of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:44-50. [PMID: 36278322 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Supplementing embryonic culture medium with fetal bovine serum (FBS) renders this medium undefined. Glucose and growth factors present in FBS may affect the results of cell differentiation studies. This study tested the hypothesis that FBS supplementation during in vitro culture (IVC) alters cell differentiation in early bovine embryo development. Bovine embryos were produced in vitro and randomly distributed into three experimental groups at 90 h post insemination (90 hpi): the KSOM-FBS group, which consisted of a 5% (v/v) FBS supplementation; the KSOM33 group, with the renewal of 33% of medium volume; and the KSOM-Zero group, without FBS supplementation nor renewal of the culture medium. The results showed that the blastocyst rate (blastocyst/oocytes) at 210 hpi in the KSOM-FBS group was higher than in the KSOM-Zero group but not different from the KSOM33 group. There were no significant changes in metabolism-related aspects, such as fluorescence intensities of CellROX Green and MitoTracker Red or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD+). Immunofluorescence analysis of CDX2 revealed that the lack of FBS or medium supplementation reduced the number of trophectoderm (TE) cells and total cells. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a reduction of SOX17-positive cell numbers after FBS supplementation compared with the KSOM33 group. Therefore, we concluded that FBS absence reduced blastocyst rates; however, no reduction occurred when there was a 33% volume renewal of the medium at 90 hpi. We also concluded that FBS supplementation altered TE and primitive endoderm cell allocation during early bovine embryo development.
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5
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Arias ME, Vargas T, Gallardo V, Aguila L, Felmer R. Simple and Efficient Chemically Defined In Vitro Maturation and Embryo Culture System for Bovine Embryos. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3057. [PMID: 36359181 PMCID: PMC9654503 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of the culture media for in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos with fetal bovine serum (FBS) is associated with inconsistent outcomes. The present study sought to replace FBS and BSA by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). In Experiment 1, absence of FBS from maturation medium (MM) did not affect the rate of in vitro maturation, as assessed by the extrusion of the first polar body. However, when gonadotropins and FBS were removed from the MM, the maturation rate was significantly reduced even in the presence of growth factors. Therefore, gonadotropin-supplemented MM medium was established as the base medium for the defined maturation condition. In Experiment 2, the addition of growth factors to gonadotropin-supplemented MM medium supported similar maturation (~90%) compared to the undefined condition (FBS-carrying). In Experiment 3, the addition of growth factors to embryo culture medium showed similar in vitro competence compared to the undefined (FBS) control. In Experiment 4, completely defined conditions (absence of FBS and BSA during in vitro maturation and embryo culture) were tested. A higher cleavage was observed with FGF2 (86%) compared to EGF (77%) and the FBS control (77%), but similar blastocyst rates were observed for FGF2 (24%), EGF (19%) and the FBS control (25%). Embryo quality was similar among groups. Finally, post-thawing survival was higher for FGF2 (94%) compared to the FBS control (77%). Thus, we report a simple defined IVP system for bovine species that generates developmental outcomes and embryos of similar quality than those produced under conditions containing FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Arias
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
| | - Tamara Vargas
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
| | - Victor Gallardo
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
| | - Luis Aguila
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
| | - Ricardo Felmer
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
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6
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Milazzotto MP, Noonan MJ, de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz M. Mining RNAseq data reveals dynamic metaboloepigenetic profiles in human, mouse and bovine pre-implantation embryos. iScience 2022; 25:103904. [PMID: 35252810 PMCID: PMC8889150 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaboloepigenetic regulation has been reported in stem cells, germ cells, and tumor cells. Embryonic metaboloepigenetics, however, have just begun to be described. Here we analyzed RNAseq data to characterize the metaboloepigenetic profiles of human, mouse, and bovine pre-implantation embryos. In embryos, metaboloepigenetic reprogramming was species-specific, varied with the developmental stage and was disrupted with in vitro culture. Metabolic pathways and gene expressions were strongly correlated with early embryo DNA methylation and were changed with in vitro culture. Although the idea that the in vitro environment may influence development is not new, there has been little progress on improving pregnancy rates after decades using in vitro fertilization. Hence, the present data will contribute to understanding how the in vitro manipulation affects the metaboloepigenetic status of early embryos, which can be used to establish culture strategies aimed at improving the in vitro environment and, consequently, pregnancy rates and offspring health. Embryonic metaboloepigenetic reprogramming is stage- and species-specific In vitro culture disrupts the in vivo embryonic metaboloepigenetic reprogramming Metabolic genes and pathways are highly correlated with embryo methylome
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pecora Milazzotto
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580 Santo André, Brazil
| | - Michael James Noonan
- The Irving K. Barber School of Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Marcia de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz
- Gene Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Clinic of Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author
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7
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Raza SHA, Abd El-Aziz AH, Abdelnour SA, Easa AA, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Al-Mutary MG, Elfadadny A, Khan R, Quan G, Cheng G, Zan L. The role of forskolin as a lipolytic stimulator during in vitro oocyte maturation and the in vitro embryo production of livestock. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1486-1496. [PMID: 34592022 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a modern technique which assists in the preservation of genetic material from oocytes and embryos for a long time. However, elevated vulnerability to cryopreservation due to the large accumulation of intracellular lipids within oocytes or embryos avoids success of this method. These lipids remain the main crucial factor limiting survival rates of oocytes and embryos after thawing. Lipid ingathering in the oocyte cytoplasm augments lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative stress increases the apoptosis process, declines the viability after thawing, declines cytoskeleton actin filament injuries, lowers the blastocyst rates and reduces cryotolerance in the early stages of embryo development. There have been several attempts to reduce the ingathering of intracellular lipids in oocytes or embryos during the cryopreservation process, in that way enhancing the competence of cryopreserved oocytes or embryos and increasing their viability. One of the most applied agents for chemical delipidation is forskolin. Forskolin exhibited a possible part in improving the oocytes cryopreservation through stimulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. The main purpose of cAMP modulation is to provide energy to sustain the mammalian oocytes´ meiotic arrest. The purpose of the existing article is to assess and offer more evidence concerning the forskolin utilization as a modulator of cAMP during the cryopreservation of oocytes and its influence on meiosis completion and the reorganization of cytoplasm, which are prerequisites for the development of oocytes in addition to the contribution to fertilization and subsequently, the development of embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ayman H Abd El-Aziz
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Daman Hour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Easa
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohsen G Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Rajwali Khan
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Guobo Quan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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8
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Santos ÉCD, Fonseca Junior AMD, Lima CBD, Ispada J, Silva JVAD, Milazzotto MP. Less is more: Reduced nutrient concentration during in vitro culture improves embryo production rates and morphophysiology of bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2021; 173:37-47. [PMID: 34329894 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reproducing the environment to which the embryo is naturally exposed may be an alternative to improve viability of embryos produced in vitro. In the first part of this work, we describe a novel culture media, namely Embryonic Culture Supplementation (ECS100). The composition of this media was based on the contents of carbohydrates and amino acids found in oviductal and uterine fluids. Because it was a new formulation, we investigated the performance of ECS100 in comparison with conventionally used SOFaa, and possible benefits to embryo development. Embryo production rates (cleavage, morula and blastocyst conversion, blastocyst and hatching rates) and morphophysiological parameters (total cell number, cell allocation, Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), NADH, FAD+ and ATP content) were similar between ECS100 and SOFaa. Next, we tested if a reduction of ECS100 concentration could positively contribute to embryo viability by resembling the more dynamic availability of nutrients that reach the embryos in vivo. Therefore, embryos were cultured in ECS100 or in its serial dilution (ECS75, 50 and 25). Despite the fact that the lowest concentration (ECS25) still supported blastocyst formation, halving the concentration of metabolites (ECS50) actually improved embryo production rates. Thus, embryos produced in ECS100 or ECS50 were submitted to further analyses on Days 4 and 7. Embryos cultured in ECS50 presented better developmental rates and morphophysiological profile than embryos cultured in ECS100. Additionally, physiological traits (MMP, ROS and NADH levels) of embryos cultured in ECS50 presented the expected pattern for embryos produced in vivo. In conclusion, we presented a novel, more personalized and effective culture media for bovine IVP embryos. And although the ECS media formulation was based on the contents of female reproductive fluids, it is worth mentioning that adaptations must be specifically directed for in vitro conditions rather than reproduced exactly from in vivo state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Cristina Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Embryonic Metabolism and Epigenetic, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aldcejam Martins da Fonseca Junior
- Laboratory of Embryonic Metabolism and Epigenetic, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Bruna de Lima
- Laboratory of Embryonic Metabolism and Epigenetic, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil; Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jessica Ispada
- Laboratory of Embryonic Metabolism and Epigenetic, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Vitor Alcantara da Silva
- Laboratory of Embryonic Metabolism and Epigenetic, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcella Pecora Milazzotto
- Laboratory of Embryonic Metabolism and Epigenetic, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Ferreira-Silva JC, Oliveira Silva RL, Travassos Vieira JI, Silva JB, Tavares LS, Cavalcante Silva FA, Nunes Pena EP, Chaves MS, Moura MT, Junior TC, Benko-Iseppon AM, Figueirêdo Freitas VJ, Lemos Oliveira MA. Evaluation of quality and gene expression of goat embryos produced in vivo and in vitro after cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2021; 101:115-124. [PMID: 33964298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to identify morphological and molecular changes of in vivo and in vitro-produced goat embryos submitted to cryopreservation. In vivo embryos were recovered by transcervical technique from superovulated goats, whereas in vitro produced embryos were produced from ovaries collected at a slaughterhouse. Embryos were frozen by two-steps slow freezing method, which is defined as freezing to -32 °C followed by transfer to liquid nitrogen. Morphological evaluation of embryos was carried out by assessing blastocoel re-expansion rate and the total number of blastomeres. The expression profile of candidate genes related to thermal and oxidative stress, apoptosis, epigenetic, and implantation control was measured using RT-qPCR based SYBR Green system. In silico analyses were performed to identify conserved genes in goat species and protein-protein interaction networks were created. In vivo-produced embryos showed greater blastocoel re-expansion and more blastomere cells (P < 0.05). The expression level of CTP2 and HSP90 genes from in vitro cryopreserved embryos was higher than their in vivo counterparts. Unlikely, no significant difference was observed in the transcription level of SOD gene between groups. The high similarity of CPT2 and HSP90 proteins to their orthologs among mammals indicates that they share conserved functions. In summary, cryopreservation negatively affects the morphology and viability of goat embryos produced in vitro and changes the CPT2 and HSP90 gene expression likely in response to the in vitro production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Ferreira-Silva
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Lane Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Joane Isis Travassos Vieira
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Barboza Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Lethicia Souza Tavares
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Elton Pedro Nunes Pena
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Maiana Silva Chaves
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil. maiana-@hotmail.com
| | - Marcelo Tigre Moura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Tercilio Calsa Junior
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcos Antonio Lemos Oliveira
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
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10
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Simintiras CA, Sánchez JM, McDonald M, Martins T, Binelli M, Lonergan P. Biochemical characterization of progesterone-induced alterations in bovine uterine fluid amino acid and carbohydrate composition during the conceptus elongation window†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:672-685. [PMID: 30388203 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy establishment in cattle is contingent on conceptus elongation-a fundamental developmental event coinciding with the time during which most pregnancies fail. Elongation in vivo is directly driven by uterine secretions, indirectly influenced by systemic progesterone concentrations, and has yet to be recapitulated in vitro. To better understand the microenvironment evolved to facilitate this phenomenon, the amino acid and carbohydrate composition of uterine fluid was interrogated using high-throughput metabolomics on days 12, 13, and 14 of the estrous cycle from heifers with normal and high circulating progesterone. A total of 99 biochemicals (79 amino acids and 20 carbohydrates) were consistently identified, of which 31 showed a day by progesterone interaction. Fructose and mannitol/sorbitol did not exhibit a day by progesterone interaction, but displayed the greatest individual fluctuations (P ≤ 0.05) with respective fold increases of 18.39 and 28.53 in high vs normal progesterone heifers on day 12, and increases by 10.70-fold and 14.85-fold in the uterine fluid of normal progesterone animals on day 14 vs day 12. Moreover, enrichment analyses revealed that the phenylalanine, glutathione, polyamine, and arginine metabolic pathways were among the most affected by day and progesterone. In conclusion, progesterone had a largely stabilizing effect on amino acid flux, and identified biochemicals of likely importance to conceptus elongation initiation include arginine, fructose, glutamate, and mannitol/sorbitol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Sánchez
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael McDonald
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thiago Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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11
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The cytokine platelet factor 4 successfully replaces bovine serum albumin for the in vitro culture of porcine embryos. Theriogenology 2019; 148:201-207. [PMID: 31748174 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) enhances differentiation and cell viability of different stem cells lines in vitro. This study investigated whether PF4 addition to customary pig embryo semi-defined culture media can improve their developmental outcome (Experiment 1) and ultimately replace the need for bovine serum albumin (BSA, Experiment 2). Experiment 1 added PF4 (100-1000 ng/mL, 0 = control) to NCSU-23 with 0.4 mg/mL BSA culturing 3430 presumptive zygotes. Experiment 2 added PF4 (100-1000 ng/mL, 0 = Control-PVA) to a BSA-free medium (NCSU-23 with 0.3 mg/mL PVA) culturing 3820 presumptive zygotes. Zygote culture in NCSU-23 with 0.4 mg/mL BSA was used as overall control. All groups of Experiment 1 displayed similar rates of day 2-cleavage (range: 65.0 ± 10.9 to 70.0 ± 5.8%); of day 7-blastocyst rates (range: 46.6 ± 10.0 to 56.4 ± 8.2%) and of total day 7-blastocyst efficiency (range: 32.3 ± 8.3 to 37.2 ± 7.3%). Addition of PF4 did not affect total cell numbers of day 7 blastocysts (range: 44.1 ± 23.2 to 50.5 ± 26.4). In Experiment 2, PF4 accelerated embryo development, increasing (P < 0.01) blastocyst yield compared to 0-PF4, and blastocyst formation by day 5 adding PF4 100-500 ng/mL (range: 29.9 ± 7.8 to 31.8 ± 5.5%; P < 0.05) compared with BSA-control (17.2 ± 8.2%) and PF4 1000 ng/mL (15.5 ± 7.9%); showing similar blastocyst rates (range: 42.0 ± 11.5 to 49.3 ± 10.0%), total efficiency (28.0 ± 8.2 to 32.3 ± 7.1%) total cell numbers (range: 42.6 ± 19.3 to 45.7 ± 23.9) as BSA-controls. In conclusion, although PF4 did not show additive improvement under usual semi-defined, BSA-supplemented embryo media, it successfully replaced BSA sustaining porcine blastocyst production in chemically defined conditions.
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Santana PDPB, da Silva ALDC, Ramos RTJ, Gonçalves AA, da Costa NN, Ramos PDCA, Silva TVG, Cordeiro MDS, Santos SDSD, Ohashi OM, Miranda MDS. Contributions of RNA-seq to improve in vitro embryo production (IVP). Anim Reprod 2019; 16:249-259. [PMID: 33224284 PMCID: PMC7673591 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Vitro Embryo Production (IVP) is widely used to improve the reproductive efficiency of livestock animals, however increasing the embryo development rates and pregnancy outcomes is still a challenge for some species. Thus, the lack of biological knowledge hinders developing specie-specific IVP protocols. Therefore, the contributions of RNA-seq to generate relevant biological knowledge and improve the efficiency of IVP in livestock animals are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arnaldo Algaranhar Gonçalves
- Laboratory of In Vitro Fertilization, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Nogueira da Costa
- Laboratory of In Vitro Fertilization, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcela da Silva Cordeiro
- Laboratory of In Vitro Fertilization, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Otávio Mitio Ohashi
- Laboratory of In Vitro Fertilization, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Moysés Dos Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of In Vitro Fertilization, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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García-Herreros M, Simintiras CA, Lonergan P. Temporally differential protein expression of glycolytic and glycogenic enzymes during in vitro preimplantation bovine embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:1245-1252. [PMID: 29566785 DOI: 10.1071/rd17429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic analyses are useful for understanding the metabolic pathways governing embryo development. This study investigated the presence of enzymes involved in glycolysis and glycogenesis in in vitro-produced bovine embryos at five developmental stages leading up to blastocyst formation. The enzymes examined were: (1) glycolytic: hexokinase-I (HK-I), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), pyruvate kinase mutase 1/2 (PKM-1/2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and (2) glycogenic: glycogen synthase kinase-3 isoforms α/ β (GSK-3α/β). Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) was also analysed. The developmental stages examined were: (1) 2-4-cell, (2) 5-8-cell, (3) 16-cell, (4) morula and (5) expanded blastocyst. The enzymes HK-I, PFK-1, PKM-1/2, GAPDH and GLUT-1 were differentially expressed throughout all stages (P<0.05). GSK-3α and β were also differentially expressed from the 2-4-cell to the expanded blastocyst stage (P<0.05) and GLUT-1 was identified throughout. The general trend was that the abundance of PFK1, GAPDH and PKM-1/2 decreased whereas HK-I, phospho-GSK3α (P-GSK3α) and P-GSK3β levels increased as the embryo advanced. In contrast, GLUT-1 expression peaked at the 16-cell stage. These data combined suggest that in vitro bovine embryo metabolism switches from being glycolytic-centric to glycogenic-centric around the 16-cell stage, the developmental window also characterised by embryonic genome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel García-Herreros
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV, I.P.), Quinta da Fonte Boa 2005-048, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Constantine A Simintiras
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Patrick Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
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Xiang DC, Jia BY, Quan GB, Zhang B, Shao QY, Zhao ZY, Hong QH, Wu GQ. Effect of Knockout Serum Replacement During Postwarming Recovery Culture on the Development and Quality of Vitrified Parthenogenetic Porcine Blastocysts. Biopreserv Biobank 2019; 17:342-351. [PMID: 31009253 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2018.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The postwarming recovery culture, as one of the steps in cryopreservation process, is directly correlated with the survival and quality of embryos. Generally, recovery medium includes undefined serum or serum components that may cause the instability of results and other problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of knockout serum replacement (KSR) as a substitute for serum during recovery culture on the development and quality of vitrified parthenogenetic porcine blastocysts. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used as a positive control. The expanded blastocysts on day 5 were vitrified by the Cryotop method, and recovered with 10% (v/v) KSR or 10% (v/v) FBS for 48 hours after warming. Survival and hatching rates of vitrified blastocysts were significantly increased by KSR or FBS supplementation. The vitrified blastocysts recovered in KSR or FBS exhibited significantly decreased percentages of membrane damage and apoptosis, and increased total cells. Addition of KSR or FBS during recovery culture significantly reduced reactive oxygen species levels, and improved mitochondrial activity and adenosine triphosphates content in the vitrified blastocysts. Vitrification did not affect the gene expression of PCNA, CDX2, and CPT1, but significantly increased mRNA levels of POU5F1 and uPA. KSR added to the recovery medium significantly upregulated mRNA levels of PCNA and CPT1, and downregulated POU5F1 mRNA levels. The expression levels of PCNA, CDX2, CPT1, and uPA in vitrified blastocysts were significantly upregulated by addition of FBS to recovery medium. Moreover, the BAX: BCL2L1 ratio was similar between fresh and vitrified blastocysts, and KSR or FBS supplementation had no effect on the value. In conclusion, our data showed that KSR supplementation during recovery culture can improve the development and quality of vitrified parthenogenetic porcine blastocysts. These findings provide a useful reference that KSR could be used to replace FBS as a defined serum supplement for recovery culture of vitrified blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Cai Xiang
- 1Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Bao Yu Jia
- 2College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Guo Bo Quan
- 1Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- 1Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yong Shao
- 1Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Yong Zhao
- 1Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Hua Hong
- 1Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Guo Quan Wu
- 1Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, P.R. China
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15
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Murillo-Ríos A, Maillo V, Muñoz M, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Carrocera S, Martín-González D, Fernandez-Buznego A, Gómez E. Short- and long-term outcomes of the absence of protein during bovine blastocyst formation in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1064-1073. [PMID: 27048912 DOI: 10.1071/rd15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In cattle, individual in vitro embryo culture after Day 6 benefits development, allowing non-invasive analysis of culture medium. However, undefined supplements in culture reduce analytical reliability. In this study we assayed the short- and long-term performance of embryos after bovine serum albumin removal over a 24-h period in individual culture. The absence of protein decreased embryo development and cell counts in the inner cell mass without affecting blastocyst sex ratio. However, the absence of protein produced embryos with an improved tendency to survive vitrification after 24h in culture (P=0.07). After transfer to recipients, birth rates of embryos that had been cultured with protein tended to decrease (P<0.06) mostly as a result of a higher number of miscarriages (P<0.013), reflecting lower viability. Birthweight, gestation length, height and thorax circumference did not differ between embryos cultured with or without protein. In fresh blastocysts cultured without protein, gene expression analysis showed higher abundance (P<0.05) of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R; imprinting) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3; endoplasmic reticulum stress) transcripts, with DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A; imprinting) tending to increase (P=0.062). However, in hatched blastocysts that survived cryopreservation, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was overexpressed in embryos cultured without protein (P<0.01). The absence of protein results in fewer blastocysts but improved long-term viability after cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murillo-Ríos
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - V Maillo
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Ctra de la Coruña, km 5.9, 2804 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Muñoz
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - A Gutiérrez-Adán
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Ctra de la Coruña, km 5.9, 2804 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Carrocera
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - D Martín-González
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - A Fernandez-Buznego
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - E Gómez
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
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16
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Schwarz KRL, de Castro FC, Schefer L, Botigelli RC, Paschoal DM, Fernandes H, Leal CLV. The role of cGMP as a mediator of lipolysis in bovine oocytes and its effects on embryo development and cryopreservation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191023. [PMID: 29360833 PMCID: PMC5779671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of cyclic guanosine 3’5’-monophosphate (cGMP) and cGMP-dependent kinase (PKG) during in vitro maturation (IVM) on lipolysis-related parameters in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), and on embryo development and cryosurvival. COCs were matured with cGMP/PKG modulators and assessed for metaphase II rates (MII), cGMP levels, lipid content in oocytes (OO), transcript abundance for genes involved in lipolysis (ATGL) and lipid droplets (PLIN2) in cumulus cells (CC) and OO, and presence of phosphorylated (active) hormone sensitive lipase (HSLser563) in OO. Embryo development, lipid contents and survival to vitrification were also assessed. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition (PDE5; cGMP-hydrolyzing enzyme) with 10-5M sildenafil (SDF) during 24 h IVM increased cGMP in COCs (56.9 vs 9.5 fMol/COC in untreated controls, p<0.05) and did not affect on maturation rate (84.3±6.4% MII). Fetal calf serum (FCS) in IVM medium decreased cGMP in COCs compared to bovine serum albumin (BSA) + SDF (19.6 vs 66.5 fMol/COC, respectively, p<0.05). FCS increased lipid content in OO (40.1 FI, p<0.05) compared to BSA (34.6 FI), while SDF decreased (29.8 and 29.6 FI, with BSA or FCS, respectively p<0.05). PKG inhibitor (KT5823) reversed this effect (38.9 FI, p<0.05). ATGL and PLIN2 transcripts were detected in CC and OO, but were affected by cGMP and PKG only in CC. HSLser563 was detected in OO matured with or without modulators. Reduced lipid content in embryos were observed only when SDF was added during IVM and IVC (27.6 FI) compared to its use in either or none of the culture periods (34.2 FI, p<0.05). Survival to vitrification was unaffected by SDF. In conclusion, cGMP and PKG are involved in lipolysis in OO and possibly in CC and embryos; serum negatively affects this pathway, contributing to lipid accumulation, and cGMP modulation may reduce lipid contents in oocytes and embryos, but without improving embryo cryotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia R. L. Schwarz
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail: (CLVL); (KRLS)
| | - Fernanda C. de Castro
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Letícia Schefer
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ramon C. Botigelli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB), Departamento de Farmacologia, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daniela M. Paschoal
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cláudia L. V. Leal
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail: (CLVL); (KRLS)
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17
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Delaying meiotic resumption during transportation of bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes: effects on development, apoptosis and caspases activity of in vitro-produced embryos. ZYGOTE 2017; 25:740-750. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199417000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThis study examined the effects of meiosis inhibition during bovine oocyte transportation on developmental competence and quality of produced embryos. The transportation medium was supplemented with: 100 μM butyrolactone I (BL), 500 μM IBMX + 100 μM forskolin (mSPOM), 100 μM milrinone (MR) or follicular fluid (bFF), and was carried out in a portable incubator for 6 h. Next, oocytes were in vitro matured (IVM) for 18 h, without the meiotic inhibitors, with the exception of mSPOM group, in which was added 20 μM cilostamide. The three control groups were IVM with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) (Control Lab FCS) or 0.6% bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Control Lab BSA) in a CO2 in air incubator or in the portable incubator with 0.6% BSA (Control Transp BSA). Higher cleavage rates (P < 0.05) were obtained in the Control Lab FCS group (84.5 ± 5.3%) compared with the other groups (59.6 ± 3.4% to 70.9 ± 2.3%). Embryonic development was higher (P < 0.05) in the Control Lab FCS group (39.8 ± 4.7%) than in the Control Transp BSA (22.7 ± 3.4%) and MR (21.6 ± 2.3%) groups. However, they were similar (P > 0.05) to the other groups (23.6 ± 3.3% to 28.8 ± 2.7%). The total number of blastomeres was higher (P < 0.05) in the Control Lab FCS group (85.2 ± 5.6) than in Control Lab BSA (53.6 ± 2.9), Control Transp BSA (55.5 ± 4.4), BL (58.2 ± 3.0), mSPOM (57.9 ± 4.9) and MR (59.2 ± 3.9), but all these treatments did not differ (P > 0.05) from bFF (67.7 ± 4.2). No differences (P > 0.05) were found in apoptosis by the activity of caspases (139.0 ± 3.2 to 152.4 ± 6.5, expressed in fluorescence intensity) as well as the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells (12.3 ± 2.0% to 15.7 ± 1.7%). In conclusion, the transportation of oocytes over 6 h with BL, mSPOM or bFF enabled the acquisition of developmental competence at similar rates to the Control Lab FCS group.
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Trasorras VL, Carretero MI, Neild DM, Chaves MG, Giuliano SM, Miragaya MH. Production, Preservation, and Transfer of South American Camelid Embryos. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:190. [PMID: 29181380 PMCID: PMC5693846 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review summarizes progress in the field of in vitro and in vivo production of South American Camelid embryos. Both methods require ovarian superstimulation (with FSH and eCG) to obtain multiple ovulations (in vivo embryo production) or to induce follicle growth for oocyte collection (in vitro embryo production). Moreover, superstimulation entails prior administration of hormones that inhibit follicular growth (progesterone, progestagens, and estrogens). Cumulus-oocyte complexes obtained must mature in vivo (buserelin administration) or in vitro to then be subjected to in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. All these techniques also require morphologically normal, motile spermatozoa to achieve fertilization. Methods used to decrease semen viscosity and to select the best spermatozoa (Percoll®; Androcoll-ETM) are described. Additionally, nuclear transfer or cloning has been applied in llamas. Up to now, embryo deep-freezing and vitrification have progressed slowly but are at the height of development. Embryos that are obtained by any of these techniques, either in vivo or in vitro, need to be transferred to synchronized recipient females. The best results are achieved after transfer to the left uterine horn with an ipsilateral ovulation. No live offspring have been obtained after the transfer of cryopreserved embryos. Applying reproductive biotechnologies, such as those described, will permit the expansion of genetically selected animals in the population and also that of wild camelid species, vicunas, and guanacos, whose embryos could then be transferred to the uterus of domestic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L. Trasorras
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Ignacia Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah M. Neild
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Graciela Chaves
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana M. Giuliano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Física Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H. Miragaya
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Spent culture medium analysis from individually cultured bovine embryos demonstrates metabolomic differences. ZYGOTE 2017; 25:662-674. [PMID: 29032784 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199417000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spent culture medium can provide valuable information regarding the physiological state of a bovine preimplantation embryos through non-invasive analysis of the sum/depleted metabolite constituents. Metabolomics has become of great interest as an adjunct technique to morphological and cleavage-rate assessment, but more importantly, in improving our understanding of metabolism. In this study, in vitro produced bovine embryos developing at different rates were evaluated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Spent culture medium from individually cultured embryos (2-cell to blastocyst stage) were divided into two groups based on their cleavage rate fast growing (FG) and slow growing (SG; developmentally delayed by 12-24 h), then analyzed by a 600 MHz NMR spectrometer. Sixteen metabolites were detected and investigated for sum/depletion throughout development. Data indicate distinct differences between the 4-cell SG and FG embryos for pyruvate (P < 0.05, n = 9) and at the 16-cell stage for acetate, tryptophan, leucine/isoleucine, valine and histidine. Overall sum/depletion levels of metabolites demonstrated that embryos produced glutamate, but consumed histidine, tyrosine, glycine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, lysine, arginine, acetate, threonine, alanine, pyruvate, valine, isoleucine/leucine, and lactate with an overall trend of higher consumption of these metabolites by FG groups. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clustering of the plain medium, SG, and FG group, signifying the uniqueness of the metabolomic signatures of each of these groups. This study is the first of its kind to characterize the metabolomic profiles of SG and FG bovine embryos produced in vitro using 1H NMR. Elucidating differences between embryos of varying developmental rates could contribute to a better understanding of embryonic health and physiology.
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Krisher RL, Heuberger AL, Paczkowski M, Stevens J, Pospisil C, Prather RS, Sturmey RG, Herrick JR, Schoolcraft WB. Applying metabolomic analyses to the practice of embryology: physiology, development and assisted reproductive technology. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:602-20. [PMID: 25763765 DOI: 10.1071/rd14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of metabolomics technology and its application to small samples has allowed us to non-invasively monitor the metabolic activity of embryos in a complex culture environment. The aim of this study was to apply metabolomics technology to the analysis of individual embryos from several species during in vitro development to gain an insight into the metabolomics pathways used by embryos and their relationship with embryo quality. Alanine is produced by both in vivo- and in vitro-derived human, murine, bovine and porcine embryos. Glutamine is also produced by the embryos of these four species, but only those produced in vitro. Across species, blastocysts significantly consumed amino acids from the culture medium, whereas glucose was not significantly taken up. There are significant differences in the metabolic profile of in vivo- compared with in vitro-produced embryos at the blastocyst stage. For example, in vitro-produced murine embryos consume arginine, asparagine, glutamate and proline, whereas in vivo-produced embryos do not. Human embryos produce more alanine, glutamate and glutamine, and consume less pyruvate, at the blastocyst compared with cleavage stages. Glucose was consumed by human blastocysts, but not at a high enough level to reach significance. Consumption of tyrosine by cleavage stage human embryos is indicative of blastocyst development, although tyrosine consumption is not predictive of blastocyst quality. Similarly, although in vivo-produced murine blastocysts consumed less aspartate, lactate, taurine and tyrosine than those produced in vitro, consumption of these four amino acids by in vitro-derived embryos with high octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) expression, indicative of high quality, did not differ from those with low Oct4 expression. Further application of metabolomic technologies to studies of the consumption and/or production of metabolites from individual embryos in a complete culture medium could transform our understanding of embryo physiology and improve our ability to produce developmentally competent embryos in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Krisher
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, 10290 RidgeGate Circle, Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, 2021 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Melissa Paczkowski
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, 10290 RidgeGate Circle, Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - John Stevens
- Fertility Laboratories of Colorado, 10290 RidgeGate Circle, Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - Courtney Pospisil
- Fertility Laboratories of Colorado, 10290 RidgeGate Circle, Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Roger G Sturmey
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, The Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Jason R Herrick
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, 10290 RidgeGate Circle, Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - William B Schoolcraft
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 10290 RidgeGate Circle, Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
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Gómez E, Muñoz M, Simó C, Ibáñez C, Carrocera S, Martín-González D, Cifuentes A. Non-invasive metabolomics for improved determination of embryonic sex markers in chemically defined culture medium. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1474:138-144. [PMID: 27823786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic differences between early male and female embryos can be reflected in culture medium (CM). We used a single bovine embryo culture step (24h) supporting improved birth rates under chemically defined conditions (CDC) to investigate biomarker detection of embryonic sex in contrast to classical BSA-containing medium. In vitro matured slaughterhouse oocytes were fertilized in vitro with a single bull. Embryos were initially cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid with BSA. On day-6, morulae were cultured individually in droplets with (BSA) or without protein (CDC). On day-7, expanded blastocysts were sexed (amelogenin gene amplification) and CM was stored at -145°C until metabolomic analysis by UHPLC-TOF MS. N=10 embryos per group (i.e. male-protein; female-protein; male-non-protein; female-non-protein) were produced. Statistical analysis revealed N=6 metabolites with different concentrations in CM, N=5 in male embryos (methionine, tryptophan, N-stearoyl-valine, biotin and pipecolic acid), N=1 in female embryos (threonine) (P<0.05 in BSA; P<10-7 in CDC). Only the clear threshold between males and females in CDC allowed correct classification of 100% males and 91% females within 5 out of 6 biomarkers (one female outlier showing the male biomarker profile). The use of CDC represents a critical aspect in the efficient detection of embryonic sex biomarkers by metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gómez
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain, Spain
| | - M Muñoz
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain, Spain.
| | - C Simó
- Foodomics Lab & Metabolomics Platform, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ibáñez
- Foodomics Lab & Metabolomics Platform, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Carrocera
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain, Spain
| | - D Martín-González
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain, Spain
| | - A Cifuentes
- Foodomics Lab & Metabolomics Platform, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Paschoal DM, Sudano MJ, Schwarz KRL, Maziero RRD, Guastali MD, Crocomo LF, Magalhães LCO, Martins A, Leal CLV, Landim-Alvarenga FDC. Cell apoptosis and lipid content of in vitro-produced, vitrified bovine embryos treated with forskolin. Theriogenology 2016; 87:108-114. [PMID: 27634395 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of fetal calf serum in culture medium influences embryo quality, causing a reduction in postcryopreservation survival. Forskolin has been used to induce lipolysis and increase cryotolerance, functioning as an activator of adenylate cyclase and elevating cAMP levels. In the present experiment, bovine zygotes were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid with amino acid plus 2.5% fetal calf serum for 6 days, when forskolin was added in three concentrations: 2.5, 5, and 10 μM. Treatment with forskolin lasted for 24 hours. Blastocyst formation rate, quantification of lipid granules, total cell numbers, and apoptosis rate were evaluated. In a second assessment, embryos were vitrified, and warming, re-expansion rate, total cell numbers, and apoptosis rate were also evaluated. There was no difference due to forskolin in blastocyst formation or re-expansion rates after vitrification. However, lipid measurements were lower (control: 136.8 and F 2.5 μM: 128.5; P < 0.05), and number of cells per embryo higher (control: 140.1 and F 2.5 μM: 173.5; P < 0.05) than controls for 2.5 μM forskolin but not for higher forskolin concentrations. The number of intact cells per embryo was higher, and the rate of apoptosis was lower in fresh than in vitrified embryos (number of cells of warmed embryos, control: 104.1, F 2.5 μM: 101.3, F 5 μM: 115.4, F 10 μM: 95.1; apoptotic of fresh cells, control: 12.1%, F 2.5 μM: 16.7%, F 5 μM: 11.1%, F 10 μM: 14.2%; and apoptotic warmed embryos, control: 22.3%, F 2.5 μM: 37.3%, F 5 μM: 33.2%, F 10 μM: 30.3%; P < 0.05). It was concluded that forskolin is an effective lipolytic agent even at low concentrations, leading to formation of blastocysts with a comparatively larger number of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martins Paschoal
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mateus José Sudano
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Lancellotti Schwarz
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosiára Rosário Dias Maziero
- Departmento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Midyan Daroz Guastali
- Departmento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferrari Crocomo
- Departmento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Oña Magalhães
- Departmento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alício Martins
- Departmento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lima Verde Leal
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Cruz Landim-Alvarenga
- Departmento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Krisher RL, Schoolcraft WB, Katz-Jaffe MG. Omics as a window to view embryo viability. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:333-41. [PMID: 25639968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The advent of advanced omics technologies and the application of these techniques to the analysis of extremely limited material have opened the door to the investigation of embryo physiology in a focused, in-depth approach never before possible. The application of noninvasive metabolomic and proteomic platforms to understanding embryo viability permits the characterization of individual embryos in culture. Initial clinical data have highlighted the promise of these technologies for the development of noninvasive embryo selection criteria. In this way, a complex view of embryo function can be compiled and related to embryo development, quality, and outcome. Application of knowledge gained from omics will transform both our understanding of embryo physiology as well as our ability to select viable embryos for transfer in assisted reproductive technology.
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Sakurai M, Suzuki C, Yoshioka K. Effect of knockout serum replacement supplementation to culture medium on porcine blastocyst development and piglet production. Theriogenology 2015; 83:679-686.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wydooghe E, Heras S, Dewulf J, Piepers S, Van den Abbeel E, De Sutter P, Vandaele L, Van Soom A. Replacing serum in culture medium with albumin and insulin, transferrin and selenium is the key to successful bovine embryo development in individual culture. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:717-24. [PMID: 23711172 DOI: 10.1071/rd13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual culture of bovine embryos is usually associated with low blastocyst development. However, during preliminary experiments in our laboratory we observed high blastocyst development after individual embryo culture in a serum-free culture system. We therefore hypothesised that serum has a negative effect on embryos cultured individually whereas embryos in groups can counteract this. First, we determined whether the timing of removal of serum (during maturation or culture) had an influence on individual embryo development. The results clearly showed that removal of serum during embryo culture was the main contributing factor since high blastocyst development was observed after individual culture in synthetic oviductal fluid supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS), independent of the maturation medium. Second, we investigated whether an individual factor of the ITS supplement was essential for individual embryo development. We demonstrated that repeatable high blastocyst percentages were due to the synergistic effect of ITS. Finally, we investigated if a group-culture effect can still be observed under serum-free conditions. Group culture generated blastocysts with higher total cell numbers and less apoptosis. These data show that individual culture in serum-free conditions leads to high blastocyst development, but group culture still improves blastocyst quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wydooghe
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Heras
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Dewulf
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Piepers
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Van den Abbeel
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P De Sutter
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Vandaele
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle Belgium
| | - A Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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26
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Ordoñez-Leon EA, Merchant H, Medrano A, Kjelland M, Romo S. Lipid droplet analysis using in vitro bovine oocytes and embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:306-14. [PMID: 24467659 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the content of lipid droplets in bovine oocytes and embryos from Bos indicus (Bi), Bos taurus (Bt) and Bos indicus × Bos taurus (Bi × Bt). Oocytes were aspirated post-mortem and subjected to in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and in vitro development; the medium employed at each stage (TCM-199, TALP, SOF) was supplemented with (i) serum replacement (SR), (ii) foetal calf serum (FCS) or (iii) oestrous cow serum (ECS). The structure and distribution of the lipid droplets were established using electron microscopy, but were quantified using an optical microscope on semi-fine toluidine blue-stained sections. The highest percentage of embryos corresponded to those produced with FCS and ECS, which differed from embryos generated with SR (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of morulae and the lowest percentage of blastocysts were obtained with the SR supplement (p < 0.05). The oocytes cultured in FCS demonstrated a higher number of lipid droplets compared to those cultured in SR and ECS (p < 0.05). Less accumulation of lipids was observed in embryos supplemented with SR. The lowest and highest numbers of lipid droplets in oocytes corresponded to the Bi and Bt strain, respectively. The lowest amount of lipid droplets in embryos was observed in Bi (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of the in vitro development culture medium (synthetic oviduct fluid) with a synthetic substitute serum produced similar results in terms of embryo development compared to those obtained with FCS, but a decreased degree of lipid droplet accumulation was observed in the in vitro-cultured embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ordoñez-Leon
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Cuautitlán), Cuautitlan, Mexico
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Crocco MC, Kelmansky DM, Mariano MI. Does serum cause lipid-droplet accumulation in bovine embryos produced in vitro, during developmental days 1 to 4? J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:1377-88. [PMID: 23912753 PMCID: PMC3824863 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Serum supplementation has shown to have beneficial effects on in vitro bovine embryo development. However, it is often assumed that serum supplementation may produce mitochondrial damage and this damage would generate lipid accumulation, a major obstacle for cryopreservation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the previous assumptions in early embryonic stages. METHODS We considered in vitro produced bovine embryos from day 1 to 4 of development, which were grown in presence of serum from days 1, 2 or 3 or in absence of it. Electron transmission micrographs allowed us to quantify the area occupied by lipid droplets and by the different mitochondrial types to evaluate serum effect. Using confocal microscopy we analyzed mitochondrial activity and location. RESULTS We found no evidence of lipid droplets accumulation or mitochondrial degeneration or reduction of mitochondrial area in serum supplemented media. Further, our results suggest that events of mitochondrial proliferation are taking place even in serum supplemented media. CONCLUSIONS Serum does not produce lipid accumulation or mitochondrial damage in bovine embryos from 2 to 16 cells. When serum was added to embryo culture medium on day 3 of development, there were ultrastructural signs of a beneficial effect for embryo development. The lack of serum until day 3 may also avoid the unnecessary exposure to potentially inhibitory factors present on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Candela Crocco
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "M. F. Chaben" ANLIS Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina,
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Wang LJ, Xiong XR, Zhang H, Li YY, Li Q, Wang YS, Xu WB, Hua S, Zhang Y. Defined media optimization for in vitro culture of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Theriogenology 2013; 78:2110-9. [PMID: 23110954 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to establish an efficient defined culture medium for bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. In this study, modified synthetic oviductal fluid (mSOF) without bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the basic culture medium (BCM), whereas the control medium was BCM with BSA. In Experiment 1, adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to BCM supported development of SCNT embryos to blastocyst stage, but blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst cell number were both lower (P < 0.05) compared to the undefined group (6.1 vs. 32.6% and 67.3 ± 3.4 vs. 109.3 ± 4.5, respectively). In Experiment 2, myo-inositol, a combination of insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were added separately to PVA-supplemented BCM. The blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst cell number of those three groups were dramatically improved compared with that of PVA-supplemented group in Experiment 1 (18.5, 23.0, 24.1 vs. 6.1% and 82.7 ± 2.0, 84.3 ± 4.2, 95.3 ± 3.8 vs. 67.3 ± 3.4, respectively, P < 0.05), but were still lower compared with that of undefined group (33.7% and 113.8 ± 3.4, P < 0.05). In Experiment 3, when a combination of myo-inositol, ITS and EGF were added to PVA-supplemented BCM, blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst cell number were similar to that of undefined group (30.4 vs. 31.1% and 109.3 ± 4.4 vs. 112.0 ± 3.6, P > 0.05). In Experiment 4, when blastocysts were cryopreserved and subsequently thawed, there were no significant differences between the optimized defined group (Experiment 3) and undefined group in survival rate and 24 and 48 h hatching blastocyst rates. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in expression levels of H19, HSP70 and BAX in blastocysts derived from optimized defined medium and undefined medium, although the relative expression abundance of IGF-2 was significantly decreased in the former. In conclusion, a defined culture medium containing PVA, myo-inositol, ITS, and EGF supported in vitro development of bovine SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Gad A, Schellander K, Hoelker M, Tesfaye D. Transcriptome profile of early mammalian embryos in response to culture environment. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 134:76-83. [PMID: 22917875 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Early embryonic development, the period from maturation until blastocyst formation, is one of the most critical periods of mammalian development involves various morphological, cellular, and biochemical changes related to genomic activity. During the post-fertilization period, several major developmental events occur in the embryo which are regulating by a harmonized expression of genes and strongly influenced by culture conditions. The products of these genes are involved in various biological processes including metabolism, growth factor/cytokine signaling, stress adaptation, transcription and translation, epigenetic regulation of transcription, apoptosis, compaction and blastocyst formation. Post-fertilization culture environment is known to be the most important factor determining the quality of the resulting embryos as indicated in terms of cryo-tolerance and relative abundance of transcripts. However, the exact effect of culture conditions on gene expression and subsequent influences on molecular pathways controlling early development is still unknown. A number of culture environmental factors can influence the gene expression of produced embryos such as media composition, serum supplementation, number of embryos present in the culture drop and gas atmosphere. During the last ten years several studies were concerned with differences in the transcriptome profile of embryos produced under different environmental conditions and its subsequent influence on embryo developmental competence. From these studies, several genes have been determined as candidate genes controlling preimplantation embryo development and affecting its quality. Here we will discuss results of different experiments investigated the effect of different culture conditions on the transcriptome profile of bovine blastocyst. These experiments identified molecular mechanisms and pathways that influenced by culture conditions and this will enable to launch strategies to modify culture conditions to enhance the development of competent blastocyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gad
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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31
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Shabankareh HK, Kafilzadeh F, Soltani L. Treatment of ovine oocytes with certain water-soluble vitamins during in vitro maturation (IVM). Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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32
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Arat S, Caputcu AT, Akkoc T, Pabuccuoglu S, Sagirkaya H, Cirit U, Nak Y, Koban E, Bagis H, Demir K, Nak D, Senunver A, Kilicaslan R, Tuna B, Cetinkaya G, Denizci M, Aslan O. Using cell banks as a tool in conservation programmes of native domestic breeds: the production of the first cloned Anatolian Grey cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 23:1012-23. [PMID: 22127006 DOI: 10.1071/rd11026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clone native Anatolian Grey cattle by using different donor cell types, such as fibroblast, cartilage and granulosa cells cryopreserved in a gene bank and oocytes aspirated from ovaries of Holstein cows as the recipient cytoplasm source. One male calf from fibroblast, three female calves from granulosa cells and one female calf from cartilage cells were born healthy and at normal birthweights. No calves were lost after birth. The results demonstrated that the cloned calves had the same microsatellite alleles at 11 loci as their nuclear donors. However, the mtDNAs of the five Anatolian Grey cloned calves had different haplotypes from their donor cells and mtDNA heteroplasmy could not be detected in any of the clones. The birth of healthy clones suggests that the haplotype difference between the cell and oocyte donor did not affect the pre- or post-implantation development of the bovine nuclear transfer derived embryos in our study. The results showed that well established nuclear transfer protocols could be useful in conserving endangered species. In conclusion, somatic cell banking can be suggested as a tool in conservation programmes of animal genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezen Arat
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Marmara Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Hwang IS, Kim SW, Byun SJ, Kim KW, Chung HK, Park JJ, Gobianand K, Park JK, Yoo JG. The effect of horse serum on in vitro development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Reprod Biol 2012; 12:25-39. [PMID: 22472938 DOI: 10.1016/s1642-431x(12)60075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different sera and serum-like substances on the preimplantation development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Chemically activated (calcium ionophore A23187+cytochalasin B) pig oocytes were pre-cultured for five days. On day 5, the parthenogenetic embryos were treated with porcine follicular fluid (PFF), fetal bovine serum (FBS), horse serum (HS) or porcine serum albumin (PSA), and were cultured two more days. Horse serum was found to be the most effective protein source in enhancing parthenote development judging by blastocyst formation and hatching. Next, three different concentrations of HS (10, 20 and 30%) were used to determine the optima HS concentration needed to improve the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. All HS concentrations increased the blastocyst cell number and decreased the incidence of blastocyst apoptotic cells with 20% being the most effective. In conclusion, horse serum enhanced parthenogenetic embryo development and the quality of porcine parthenogenetic embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sul Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Sutton-McDowall ML, Feil D, Robker RL, Thompson JG, Dunning KR. Utilization of endogenous fatty acid stores for energy production in bovine preimplantation embryos. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1632-41. [PMID: 22365693 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although current embryo culture media are based on carbohydrate metabolism of embryos, little is known about metabolism of endogenous lipids. L-carnitine is a β-oxidation cofactor absent in most culture media. The objective was to investigate the influence of L-carnitine supplementation on bovine embryo development. Abattoir-derived bovine cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured and fertilized. Post-fertilization, presumptive zygotes were transferred into a basic cleavage medium ± carbohydrates (glucose, lactate and pyruvate) ± 5 mm L-carnitine and cultured for 4 days in vitro. In the absence of carbohydrates during culture, embryos arrested at the 2- and 4-cell stages. Remarkably, +L-carnitine increased development to the morula stage compared to +carbohydrates alone (P < 0.001). The beneficial effects of L-carnitine were further demonstrated by inclusion of carbohydrates, with 14-fold more embryos reaching the morula stage after culture in the +carbohydrates +L-carnitine group compared to the +carbohydrates group (P < 0.05). Whereas there was a trend for +L-carnitine to increase ATP (P = 0.09), ADP levels were higher and ATP: ADP ratio were 1.9-fold lower (main effect, P < 0.05) compared to embryos cultured in -L-carnitine. Therefore, we inferred that +L-carnitine embryos were more metabolically active, with higher rates of ATP-ADP conversion. In conclusion, L-carnitine supplementation supported precompaction embryo development and there was an additive effect of +L-carnitine +carbohydrates on early embryo development, most likely through increased β-oxidation within embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Sutton-McDowall
- The Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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SAKAGAMI N, UMEKI H, NISHINO O, UCHIYAMA H, ICHIKAWA K, TAKESHITA K, KANEKO E, AKIYAMA K, KOBAYASHI S, TAMADA H. Normal Calves Produced After Transfer of Embryos Cultured in a Chemically Defined Medium Supplemented with Epidermal Growth Factor and Insulin-like Growth Factor I Following Ovum Pick Up and In Vitro Fertilization in Japanese Black Cows. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:140-6. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.11-050m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutada SAKAGAMI
- Livestock Industry Technology Station, Kanagawa Agricultural Technology Center, Kanagawa 243-0417, Japan
| | - Hidenobu UMEKI
- Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center Livestock Research Institute, Ooita 878-0201, Japan
| | - Osamu NISHINO
- Nara Prefectural Livestock Technology Center, Nara 633-1302, Japan
| | - Hiroko UCHIYAMA
- Miyazaki Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Miyazaki 889-4411, Japan
| | - Kyoko ICHIKAWA
- Kochi Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Kochi 789-1233, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa TAKESHITA
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station, Yamaguchi 759-2221, Japan
| | - Etsushi KANEKO
- Livestock Industry Technology Station, Kanagawa Agricultural Technology Center, Kanagawa 243-0417, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi AKIYAMA
- Livestock Industry Technology Station, Kanagawa Agricultural Technology Center, Kanagawa 243-0417, Japan
| | - Shuji KOBAYASHI
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Hiromichi TAMADA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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CUI MS, LIU ZX, WANG XL, ZHANG J, WU Y, HAN GC, ZENG SM. Relationship Between Differential Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 Genes and Developmental Differences of Porcine Parthenotes Cultured in PZM-3 and NCSU-23. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(11)60177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Karami Shabankareh H, Sarsaifi K, Mehrannia T. In vitro maturation of ovine oocytes using different maturation media: effect of human menopausal serum. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:531-7. [PMID: 21152965 PMCID: PMC3158248 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-010-9523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of human menopausal serum with estrous sheep serum, estrous goat serum, ovine follicular fluid and bovine follicular fluid on in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and embryo development of sheep oocytes METHOD (S): Oocytes were treated in culture with different sera and follicular fluids supplemented media to examine effects on embryo development. RESULTS Basic culture medium supplemented with human menopausal serum, estrous sheep serum and estrous goat serum supported better rates of in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and embryo development. Ovine follicular fluid and bovine follicular fluid supplementations supported similar rates of In vitro maturation, In vitro fertilization and embryo development which were lower than those supported by human menopausal serum, estrous sheep serum, estrous goat serum and control medium. CONCLUSION Human menopausal serum, estrous sheep serum, and estrous goat serum resulted in higher maturation, fertilization and embryo development than ovine follicular fluid, bovine follicular fluid and control media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Sarsaifi
- Animal Reproduction Physiology, Department of Animal Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - T. Mehrannia
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
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Felmer R, Arias M, Muñoz G, Rio J. Effect of different sequential and two-step culture systems on the development, quality, and RNA expression profile of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:403-14. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mingoti GZ, Castro VSDC, Méo SC, Sá Barretto LS, Garcia JM. The effects of macromolecular and serum supplements and oxygen tension during bovine in vitro procedures on kinetics of oocyte maturation and embryo development. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2011; 47:361-7. [PMID: 21424239 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-011-9400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to standardize in vitro production of bovine embryos and to obtain supplements to replace serum in culture media, this study evaluated the nuclear maturation kinetics and embryonic development in bovine after in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC) with several macromolecules (animal origin: bovine serum albumin (BSA), fetal calf serum (FCS); synthetic: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), Ficoll, and Knockout) at two oxygen tensions (20% and 5% O(2)). Regarding nuclear kinetics, neither the presence of the expected stage (metaphase I, transition anaphase to telophase, and metaphase II) at each evaluation moment (6, 18, and 24 h after IVM, respectively) nor the accelerated polar body emission (at 18 h after IVM) related developmental competence to blastocyst stage when different supplements were compared. Independently of supplement, cleavage rates at 20% O(2) (61.6-79.2%) were higher than at 5% O(2) (38.9-58.7%). At 20% O(2), higher blastocyst and hatching rates, respectively, were obtained in treatments BSA, FCS, Knockout, and control group (IVM with FCS and IVC with BSA + FCS, 14.0-23.5% and 6.8-15.4%) in comparison to PVA, PVP, and Ficoll (0%). The same was observed at 5% O(2) for blastocyst rates with BSA, FCS, Knockout, and control (5.4-16.8%) and for hatching rates with BSA, FCS, and control (2.0-11.1%). We can conclude that producing bovine embryos at 20% O(2) during the entire IVP process resulted in higher developmental rates than at 5% O(2). In addition, while defined macromolecules PVA, PVP, and Ficoll were not suitable for embryonic development, the synthetic serum Knockout was able to replace serum and albumin for IVP in bovine at 20% O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Zoccal Mingoti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Health, UNESP, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, 16050-680, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Jang G, Hong SG, Lee BC. Cloned calves derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos cultured in chemically defined medium or modified synthetic oviduct fluid. J Vet Sci 2011; 12:83-9. [PMID: 21368567 PMCID: PMC3053472 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is considered to be a critical tool for propagating valuable animals. To determine the productivity calves resulting from embryos derived with different culture media, enucleated oocytes matured in vitro were reconstructed with fetal fibroblasts, fused, and activated. The cloned embryos were cultured in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) or a chemically defined medium (CDM) and developmental competence was monitored. After 7 days of culturing, the blastocysts were transferred into the uterine horn of estrus-synchronized recipients. SCNT embryos that were cultured in mSOF or CDM developed to the blastocysts stages at similar rates (26.6% vs. 22.5%, respectively). A total of 67 preimplantational stage embryos were transferred into 34 recipients and six cloned calves were born by caesarean section, or assisted or natural delivery. Survival of transferred blastocysts to live cloned calves in the mSOF and the CDM was 18.5% (to recipients), 9.6% (to blastocysts) and 42.9% (to recipients), 20.0% (to blastocysts), respectively. DNA analysis showed that all cloned calves were genetically identical to the donor cells. These results demonstrate that SCNT embryos cultured in CDM showed higher viability as judged by survival of the calves that came to term compared to blastocysts derived from mSOF cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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Dhali A, Anchamparuthy VM, Butler SP, Mullarky IK, Pearson RE, Gwazdauskas FC. Development and quality of bovine embryos produced in vitro using growth factor supplemented serum-free system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2011.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Leivas FG, Brum DS, Fialho SS, Saliba WP, Alvim MTT, Bernardi ML, Rubin MIB, Silva CAM. Fetal calf serum enhances in vitro production of Bos taurus indicus embryos. Theriogenology 2010; 75:429-33. [PMID: 20961608 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fetal calf serum (FCS) on the quality of in vitro produced bovine embryos. Cumulus oocyte-complexes (COCs, n = 2 449) recovered by ovum pick-up from Bos taurus indicus donors were randomly assigned to experimental groups. Sperm selected by Percoll gradient was used for in vitro fertilization (insemination = Day 0). In Experiment 1 (n = 1 745 COCs), zygotes were cultured in vitro in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid + 4 mg/mL of bovine serum albumin (BSA), or BSA + 2% FCS (BSA+FCS). In Experiment 2 (n = 704 COCs), the COCs were cultured in SOF + BSA, BSA + 2% FCS, or BSA + 2% FCS on D4 (BSA + FCSD4). In Experiment 1, blastocyst yield (51%) and Quality I blastocysts (41%) at Day 7 were higher (P < 0.05) in the BSA + FCS treatment than in BSA (42 and 30%, respectively). In Experiment 2, blastocyst yield was higher (P < 0.05) in the BSA+FCS (47%) treatment. Quality I blastocyst yield was higher (P < 0.05) for BSA + FCS (34%) and BSA+FCSD4 (32%) compared to the BSA treatment (20%). A total of 820 embryos were transferred, with no significant differences among groups in pregnancy rates. In conclusion, in vitro culture in SOFaaci + BSA + FCS enhanced blastocyst yield and Quality I blastocysts; adding FCS to the culture medium increased the efficiency of IVP of bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Leivas
- Embryolab-Laboratório de Embriologia Animal, Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal Santa Maria, 97.105-900 Santa Maria RS, Brazil
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Vitrification of ICSI- and IVF-derived bovine blastocysts by minimum volume cooling procedure: effect of developmental stage and age. Theriogenology 2010; 74:1028-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pereira MM, Machado MA, Costa FQ, Serapiao RV, Viana JHM, Camargo LSA. Effect of oxygen tension and serum during IVM on developmental competence of bovine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:1074-82. [DOI: 10.1071/rd10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With an aim to improve the in vitro production of bovine embryos, the present study investigated the effect of serum and oxygen tension during IVM on oocyte developmental competence. Four experimental groups were evaluated: G1, 10% oestrus cow serum (OCS) with 20% O2; G2, 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with 20% O2; G3, 10% OCS with 5% O2; and G4, 0.1% PVA with 5% O2. The proportion of MII oocytes, blastocyst rates and total cell number were not affected (P > 0.05) when the OCS was replaced with PVA under 5% O2, whereas a higher (P < 0.05) blastocyst rate and total cell number were found with OCS compared with PVA under 20% O2. The apoptosis index was lower in blastocysts from oocytes matured with PVA under 5% O2 (G4) compared with other groups (G1, G2 and G3), but no differences (P > 0.05) were found in maturation and blastocyst rates. Significant differences were found in the amount of specific transcripts in oocytes matured under different conditions. In conclusion maturation with PVA and 5% O2 provides an efficient in vitro culture condition for the maturation of bovine oocytes.
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Wadhwa N, Kunj N, Tiwari S, Saraiya M, Majumdar SS. Optimization of embryo culture conditions for increasing efficiency of cloning in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and generation of transgenic embryos via cloning. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2009; 11:387-95. [PMID: 19594388 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2009.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cloning in bovine species is marred by low efficiency of blastocyst formation. Any increase in the efficiency of blastocyst formation upon nuclear transfer will greatly enhance the efficiency of cloning. In the present study, the effect of various media, protein sources, and growth factors on the development of cloned buffalo embryos was evaluated. Among various combinations tested, culture of cloned embryos in TCM-199 media on the feeder layer of Buffalo Oviductal Epithelial Cells (BOEC) in the presence of bovine serum albumin-free fatty acid (BSA-FFA) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) provided most suitable environment for efficient development of cloned blastocysts. Under these conditions, we achieved a blastocyst formation rate of 43%, which is better than those reported previously. Because preimplantation embryonic development, in vivo, occurs in an environment of oviductal cells, the blastocysts generated by this method may presumably be more suitable for implantation and further development. Additionally, we generated green blastocysts from enucleated oocytes by transfer of nuclei from cells transfected with EGFP transgene, showing possibility of transgenesis via cloning in this species. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the production of transgenic cloned buffalo embryos and their developmental competence with respect to various media, cocultures, and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Wadhwa
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Vecchio D, Neglia G, Di Palo R, Campanile G, Balestrieri ML, Giovane A, Killian G, Zicarelli L, Gasparrini B. Ion, Protein, Phospholipid and Energy Substrate Content of Oviduct Fluid During the Oestrous Cycle of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:e32-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scheuerer B. Factors and methods of pig oocyte and embryo quality improvement and their application in reproductive biotechnology. Reprod Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1642-431x(12)60020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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The effect of interaction between macromolecule supplement and oxygen tension on bovine oocytes and embryos culturedin vitro. ZYGOTE 2009; 17:321-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199409005450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAiming to improvein vitroproduction of bovine embryos and to obtain supplements to replace serum forin vitromaturation (IVM), this study evaluated the effects of macromolecular supplementation of IMV medium (bovine serum albumin – BSA, polyvinyl alcohol – PVA, polyvinyl pyrrolidone – PVP, Ficoll, KnockoutSR, or fetal calf serum – FCS) and oxygen tension [5% CO2in air (20% O2) or 5% CO2, 5% O2and 90% N2(5% O2)] on oocyte maturation and embryo development. Nuclear progression to germinal vesicle breakdown, metaphase I and metaphase II stages were evaluated and overall results revealed that undefined (FCS) and semi-defined (BSA) media gave better results at 20% O2and defined media (PVA, PVP and Ficoll) at 5% O2. Independent of macromolecule supplement, IVM at 20% O2was considered optimal for nuclear maturation. To evaluate embryo development, oocytes matured in the previously described conditions were fertilized and cultured at the same oxygen tension used for IVM and assessed for cleavage (43.0 to 74.8%) and development to morulae (16.4 to 33.8%), blastocyst (7.7 to 52.9%) and hatched blastocyst (9.6 to 48.1%). Apart from oxygen tension, all treatments, except Knockout (22.7%), gave similar results for blastocyst development (26.5 to 38.7%). Independently of macromolecule supplement, higher development rates were obtained in an oxygen tension of 20% O2(67.4% cleavage, 29.2% morulae, 40.8% blastocyst and 34.0% hatched blastocyst) when compared with 5% O2(52.5, 21.8, 18.2 and 15.6%, respectively). This study indicates that BSA, PVA, PVP and Ficoll can replace serum during IVM and that the optimal atmospheric condition forin vitroproduction of bovine embryos is 5% CO2and 20% O2.
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Wirtu G, Pope CE, Paccamonti DL, Godke RA, Dresser BL. Ultrasonographic-guided retrieval and in vitro maturation of eland (Taurotragus oryx) and bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) antelope oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 111:160-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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