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Tkachenko OY, Kahland T, Lindenwald D, Heistermann M, Drummer C, Daskalaki M, Rüger N, Behr R. In vitro matured oocytes have a higher developmental potential than in vivo matured oocytes after hormonal ovarian stimulation in Callithrix jacchus. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:120. [PMID: 38824584 PMCID: PMC11144324 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, is an invaluable model in biomedical research. Its use includes genetic engineering applications, which require manipulations of oocytes and production of embryos in vitro. To maximize the recovery of oocytes suitable for embryo production and to fulfil the requirements of the 3R principles to the highest degree possible, optimization of ovarian stimulation protocols is crucial. Here, we compared the efficacy of two hormonal ovarian stimulation approaches: 1) stimulation of follicular growth with hFSH followed by triggering of oocyte maturation with hCG (FSH + hCG) and 2) stimulation with hFSH only (FSH-priming). METHODS In total, 14 female marmosets were used as oocyte donors in this study. Each animal underwent up to four surgical interventions, with the first three performed as ovum pick-up (OPU) procedures and the last one being an ovariohysterectomy (OvH). In total, 20 experiments were carried out with FSH + hCG stimulation and 18 with FSH-priming. Efficacy of each stimulation protocol was assessed through in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo production rates. RESULTS Each study group consisted of two subgroups: the in vivo matured oocytes and the oocytes that underwent IVM. Surprisingly, in the absence of hCG triggering some of the oocytes recovered were at the MII stage, moreover, their number was not significantly lower compared to FSH + hCG stimulation (2.8 vs. 3.9, respectively (ns)). While the IVM and IVF rates did not differ between the two stimulation groups, the IVF rates of in vivo matured oocytes were significantly lower compared to in vitro matured ones in both FSH-priming and FSH + hCG groups. In total, 1.7 eight-cell embryos/experiment (OPU) and 2.1 eight-cell embryos/experiment (OvH) were obtained after FSH + hCG stimulation vs. 1.8 eight-cell embryos/experiment (OPU) and 5.0 eight-cell embryos/experiment (OvH) following FSH-priming. These numbers include embryos obtained from both in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes. CONCLUSION A significantly lower developmental competence of the in vivo matured oocytes renders triggering of the in vivo maturation with hCG as a part of the currently used FSH-stimulation protocol unnecessary. In actual numbers, between 1 and 7 blastocysts were obtained following each FSH-priming. In the absence of further studies, FSH-priming appears superior to FSH + hCG stimulation in the common marmoset under current experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Y Tkachenko
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Kahland
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dimitri Lindenwald
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charis Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Daskalaki
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nancy Rüger
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Moresco A, Feltrer-Rambaud Y, Wolfman D, Agnew DW. Reproductive one health in primates. Am J Primatol 2021; 84:e23325. [PMID: 34516669 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One Health is a collaborative trans-disciplinary approach to health; integrating human, animal, and environmental health. The focus is often on infection disease transmission and disease risk mitigation. However, One Health also includes the multidisciplinary and comparative approach to disease investigation and health of humans, animals, and the environment. One key aspect of environmental/ecosystem health is conservation, the maintenance of healthy, actively reproducing wildlife populations. Reproduction and reproductive health are an integral part of the One Health approach: the comparative aspects of reproduction can inform conservation policies or breeding strategies (in situ and ex situ) in addition to physiology and disease. Differences in reproductive strategies affect the impact poaching and habitat disruption might have on a given population, as well as ex situ breeding programs and the management of zoo and sanctuary populations. Much is known about chimpanzees, macaques, and marmosets as these are common animal models, but there is much that remains unknown regarding reproduction in many other primates. Examining the similarities and differences between and within taxonomic groups allows reasonable extrapolation for decision-making when there are knowledge gaps. For example: (1) knowing that a species has very low reproductive rates adds urgency to conservation policy for that region or species; (2) identifying species with short or absent lactation anestrus allows ex situ institutions to better plan contraception options for specific individuals or prepare for the immediate next pregnancy; (3) recognizing that progestin contraceptives are effective contraceptives, but may be associated with endometrial hyperplasia in some species (in Lemuridae but not great apes) better guides empirical contraceptive choice; (4) recognizing the variable endometriosis prevalence across taxa improves preventive medicine programs. A summary of anatomical variation, endocrinology, contraception, pathology, and diagnostics is provided to illustrate these features and aid in routine physical and postmortem examinations as well as primate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Moresco
- International Primate Health & Welfare Group, Madrid, Spain.,Reproductive Health Surveillance Program, Morrison, Colorado, USA
| | - Yedra Feltrer-Rambaud
- International Primate Health & Welfare Group, Madrid, Spain.,EAZA Reproductive Management Group, Chester, UK
| | - Darcy Wolfman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, National Capital Region, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dalen W Agnew
- Reproductive Health Surveillance Program, Morrison, Colorado, USA.,Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Androgenic Modulation in the Primary Ovarian Growth of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Zool Stud 2020; 58:e2. [PMID: 31966303 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2019.58-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anguilla japonica seedling production is urgently required for eel aquaculture due to the species' severely dwindling population. This study aimed to understand androgenic modulation of the primary ovarian growth, a critical development phase in females, in this semelparous fish. Through histological analysis, primordial to primary follicle transition was observed before hormone injection, and eels injected with SPH + MT showed greater synchronous follicle development than those injected with SPH alone. An in vivo experiment revealed a positive correlation (p < 0.05, r = 0.94) between the mRNA expression of arα and increasing gonadal somatic index (GSI) < 0.75% before SPH injection. Another positive correlation was seen between arβ expression and GSI (p < 0.05, r = 0.97) after weekly SPH injections for three weeks. fshr expression was high in the SPH + MT-injected group. Significantly high fshr mRNA levels were found after weekly MT injections for two weeks (p < 0.05), whereas the expression levels dropped after flutamide injection. arα and arβ expressions revealed different patterns before and after SPH induction. In this study, androgen modulation was found with regard to ARs expressions during primary growth and the primordial to primary follicle transition prior to hormone induction. This modulation continuously affected fshr expression and vitellogenic development after SPH induction during ovarian growth in the Japanese eel.
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Kraynak M, Flowers MT, Shapiro RA, Kapoor A, Levine JE, Abbott DH. Extraovarian gonadotropin negative feedback revealed by aromatase inhibition in female marmoset monkeys. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E507-E514. [PMID: 28679622 PMCID: PMC5792143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00058.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the ovary produces the majority of estradiol (E2) in mature female primates, extraovarian sources contribute to E2 synthesis and action, including the brain E2-regulating hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. In ovary-intact female rodent models, aromatase inhibition (AI) induces a polycystic ovary syndrome-like hypergonadotropic hyperandrogenism due to absent E2-mediated negative feedback. To examine the role of extraovarian E2 on nonhuman primate gonadotropin regulation, the present study uses letrozole to elicit AI in adult female marmoset monkeys. Sixteen female marmosets (Callithrix jacchus; >2 yr) were randomly assigned to ovary-intact or ovariectomy (OVX) conditions and subsequently placed on a daily oral regimen of either ~200 µl vehicle alone (ovary-intact Control, n = 3; OVX, n = 3) or 1 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ day-1 letrozole in vehicle (ovary-intact AI, n = 4; OVX + AI, n = 6). Blood samples were collected every 10 days, and plasma chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and steroid hormone levels were determined by validated radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Ovary-intact, AI-treated and OVX females exhibited elevated CG (P < 0.01, P = 0.004, respectively) compared with controls, and after 30 days, OVX + AI females exhibited a suprahypergonadotropic phenotype (P = 0.004) compared with ovary-intact + AI and OVX females. Androstenedione (P = 0.03) and testosterone (P = 0.05) were also elevated in ovary-intact, AI-treated females above all other groups. The current study thus confirms in a nonhuman primate that E2 depletion and diminished negative feedback in ovary-intact females engage hypergonadotropic hyperandrogenism. Additionally, we demonstrate that extraovarian estrogens, possibly neuroestrogens, contribute to female negative feedback regulation of gonadotropin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Kraynak
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew T Flowers
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Robert A Shapiro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Amita Kapoor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jon E Levine
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Kutteyil SS, Pathak BR, Mahale SD. Transcriptional regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone β-subunit in marmoset by an alternate distal promoter. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:331-336. [PMID: 28062307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for mammalian folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis. Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World primate which exhibits an unusual FSH profile across the ovarian cycle with a mid-follicular FSH peak that is not observed in Catarrhini primates like humans. Since transcription of FSH β-subunit gene (FSHβ) is a rate-limiting step in the production of mature FSH, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of marmoset FSHβ gene expression in comparison to human. In silico analysis of the FSHβ promoter sequences identified a TATA box element upstream of the conventional TATA box element in marmoset but not in human sequence. FSHβ mRNA transcript longer than the conventional transcript was detected in marmoset pituitary implying presence of a distal transcription start site. In luciferase reporter assays, the marmoset putative distal promoter had higher activity than the corresponding human region even in absence of the conventional proximal promoter. Indeed higher affinity binding of TATA box-binding protein to the putative distal TATA box element was obtained in electrophoretic mobility shift assay. This suggests existence of a differential regulation of FSHβ transcription in marmoset compared to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susha S Kutteyil
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Bhakti R Pathak
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
| | - Smita D Mahale
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
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6
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Kurotaki Y, Sasaki E. Practical Reproductive Techniques for the Common Marmoset. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1274/032.034.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kurotaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
- Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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An overview of nonhuman primates in aging research. Exp Gerontol 2016; 94:41-45. [PMID: 27956088 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A graying human population and the rising costs of healthcare have fueled the growing need for a sophisticated translational model of aging. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) experience aging processes similar to humans and, as a result, provide an excellent opportunity to study a closely related species. Rhesus monkeys share >92% homology and are the most commonly studied NHP. However, their substantial size, long lifespan, and the associated expense are prohibitive factors. Marmosets are rapidly becoming the preferred NHP for biomedical testing due to their small size, low zoonotic risk, reproductive efficiency, and relatively low-cost. Both species experience age-related pathology similar to humans, such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and neurological decline. As a result, their use in aging research is paving the way to improved human health through a better understanding of the mechanisms of aging.
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8
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Kutteyil SS, Kulkarni BJ, Mojidra R, Joseph S, Pathak BR, Mahale SD. Comparison of marmoset and human FSH using synthetic peptides of the β-subunit L2 loop region and anti-peptide antibodies. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:397-405. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susha S. Kutteyil
- Division of Structural Biology; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research); Jehangir Merwanji Street Parel Mumbai 400 012 India
| | - Bhalchandra J. Kulkarni
- Division of Structural Biology; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research); Jehangir Merwanji Street Parel Mumbai 400 012 India
| | - Rahul Mojidra
- Division of Structural Biology; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research); Jehangir Merwanji Street Parel Mumbai 400 012 India
| | - Shaini Joseph
- Biomedical Informatics Centre; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research); Jehangir Merwanji Street Parel Mumbai 400 012 India
| | - Bhakti R. Pathak
- Division of Structural Biology; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research); Jehangir Merwanji Street Parel Mumbai 400 012 India
| | - Smita D. Mahale
- Division of Structural Biology; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research); Jehangir Merwanji Street Parel Mumbai 400 012 India
- Biomedical Informatics Centre; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research); Jehangir Merwanji Street Parel Mumbai 400 012 India
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Neumann B, Shi T, Gan LL, Klippert A, Daskalaki M, Stolte-Leeb N, Stahl-Hennig C. Comprehensive panel of cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies for analysis of different immune cells and their distribution in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). J Med Primatol 2016; 45:139-46. [PMID: 27221549 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common marmosets are extensively used in immunological and pharmacological research, and the usage of methods such as flow cytometry gain increasing importance. METHODS Using multicolor flow cytometry cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with cells of common marmosets was analyzed. Furthermore, frequencies of immune cells and immunological parameters were assessed in healthy common marmosets. RESULTS A total of 97 clones of monoclonal antibodies raised against CD markers, chemokine receptors, and miscellaneous markers were tested. Additionally, baseline frequencies of different innate and adaptive immune cells as well as certain parameters, such as activation and memory T-cell and B-cell distribution, are provided. CONCLUSION Our study gives an extended overview of cross-reactive antibodies for flow cytometric analysis of immune cells as well as baseline values for different immune parameters in healthy common marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Neumann
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tingchuan Shi
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Li Lin Gan
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Antonina Klippert
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maria Daskalaki
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Stolte-Leeb
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Stahl-Hennig
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
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10
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Kutteyil SS, Pathak BR, Dighe RR, Mahale SD. Expression of Bioactive Callithrix jacchus Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:399-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Sgai MGFG, Pizzutto CS, Viau P, Oliveira CAD, Guimarães MADBV. Estudo endócrino reprodutivo e do comportamento sócio-sexual de sagui-de-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicillata) mantido em cativeiro. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A comunicação do estado reprodutivo nos primatas da família Callithrichidae, depende principalmente dos comportamentos sócio-sexuais como um sistema de sinalização primário, uma vez que nestas espécies a ovulação não é percebida pelos machos. Neste trabalho, os padrões de comportamentos sócio-sexuais foram analisados em conjunto com as concentrações de metabólitos fecais dos esteróides sexuais progesterona (MFP), estradiol (MFE) e testosterona (MFT) em casais cativos de Sagüi-de-tufos-pretos (Callithrix penicillata), nas diferentes fases do ciclo ovariano. O grupo estudado era composto por quarto casais adultos, mantidos no Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Selvagens da prefeitura de São Paulo. Os padrões comportamentais foram registrados pelo método de amostragem focal por intervalo de tempo a cada 30 segundos, cinco vezes por semana, totalizando 14.400 registros por animal. A mensuração das concentrações de metabólitos fecais dos esteroides sexuais foram realizados pelo método de enzima imunoensaio (EIE). Os resultados obtidos dessas concentrações possibilitaram a determinação endócrina das fases do ciclo ovariano (folicular e luteal) e de suas respectivas durações, assim como a determinação da fase periovulatória. Foram caracterizados 31 ciclos ovarianos completos, com duração de 24,3±4,1 dias (média ±DP), sendo que a fase folicular compreendeu 13,04±4,8dias e a fase lútea 11,2±4,2 dias. Os comportamentos sócio-sexuais (marcação por cheiro, cheirar genitália, catação e apresentação sexual) e a variável "proximidade" mostraram-se significativamente mais prevalentes na fase periovulatória do que nas demais fases do ciclo. Não houve alteração das concentrações de MFT dos machos ao longo de todo o período estudado. A análise conjunta das concentrações de metabólitos fecais de esteróides sexuais e dos comportamentos sócio-sexuais possibilitou um melhor entendimento das relações endócrino-comportamentais e reprodutivas de C. penicillata.
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Salih SM, Ringelstetter AK, Elsarrag MZ, Abbott DH, Roti ECR. Dexrazoxane abrogates acute doxorubicin toxicity in marmoset ovary. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:73. [PMID: 25609833 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of ovarian function following chemotherapy for nonovarian cancers is a formidable challenge. For prepubescent girls, the only option to prevent chemotherapy damage to the ovary is ovarian tissue cryopreservation, an experimental procedure requiring invasive surgeries to harvest and reimplant tissue, which carries the risk of cancer reintroduction. Drugs that block the primary mechanism of chemotherapy insult, such as dexrazoxane (Dexra) in the context of anthracycline chemotherapy, provide a novel approach for ovarian protection and have the potential to overcome current limitations to oncofertility treatment. Dexra is a catalytic topoisomerase 2 inhibitor that protects the mouse ovary from acute doxorubicin (DXR) chemotherapy toxicity in vitro by preventing DXR-induced DNA damage and subsequent gammaH2AX activation. To translate acute DXR ovarian insult and Dexra protection from mouse to nonhuman primate, freshly obtained marmoset ovarian tissue was cultured in vitro and treated with vehicle or 20 μM Dexra 1 h prior to 50 nM DXR. Cultured ovarian tissue was harvested at 2, 4, or 24 h post-DXR treatment. Dexra prevented DXR-induced DNA double-strand breaks as quantified by the neutral comet assay. DXR treatment for 24 h increased gammaH2AX phosphorylation, specifically increasing the number of foci-positive granulosa cells in antral follicles, while Dexra pretreatment inhibited DXR-induced gammaH2AX phosphorylation foci formation. Additionally, Dexra pretreatment trended toward attenuating DXR-induced AKT1 phosphorylation and caspase-9 activation as assayed by Western blots of ovarian tissue lysates. The combined findings suggest Dexra prevents primary DXR-induced DNA damage, the subsequent cellular response to DNA damage, and may diminish early apoptotic signaling in marmoset ovarian tissue. This study provides initial translation of Dexra protection against acute ovarian DXR toxicity from mice to marmoset monkey tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana M Salih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Divisions of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and Reproductive Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ashley K Ringelstetter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Divisions of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and Reproductive Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mazin Z Elsarrag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Divisions of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and Reproductive Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Divisions of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and Reproductive Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Elon C Roti Roti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Divisions of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and Reproductive Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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13
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Collins MG, Rogers NM, Jesudason S, Kireta S, Brealey J, Coates PT. Spontaneous glomerular mesangial lesions in common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus
): a benign non-progressive glomerulopathy. J Med Primatol 2014; 43:477-87. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Collins
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide SA Australia
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory; Basil Hetzel Institute for Medical Research; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Woodville SA Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide SA Australia
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory; Basil Hetzel Institute for Medical Research; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Woodville SA Australia
- Vascular Medicine Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Shilpanjali Jesudason
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide SA Australia
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory; Basil Hetzel Institute for Medical Research; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Woodville SA Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Svjetlana Kireta
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide SA Australia
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory; Basil Hetzel Institute for Medical Research; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Woodville SA Australia
| | - John Brealey
- Electron Microscopy Unit; SA Pathology; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Patrick Toby Coates
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide SA Australia
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory; Basil Hetzel Institute for Medical Research; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Woodville SA Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
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14
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Andersson H, Rehm S, Stanislaus D, Wood CE. Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee (SRPC) Paper. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:921-34. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623312466959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hormonally mediated effects on the female reproductive system may manifest as pathologic changes of endocrine-responsive organs and altered reproductive function. Identification of these effects requires proper assessment, which may include investigative studies to profile female reproductive hormones. Here, we briefly describe normal hormonal patterns across the estrous or menstrual cycle and provide general guidance on measuring female reproductive hormones and characterizing hormonal disturbances in nonclinical toxicity studies. Although species used in standard toxicity studies share basic features of reproductive endocrinology, there are important species differences that affect both study design and interpretation of results. Diagnosing female reproductive hormone disturbances can be complicated by many factors, including estrous/menstrual cyclicity, diurnal variation, and age- and stress-related factors. Thus, female reproductive hormonal measurements should not generally be included in first-tier toxicity studies of standard design with groups of unsynchronized intact female animals. Rather, appropriately designed and statistically powered investigative studies are recommended in order to properly identify ovarian and/or pituitary hormone changes and bridge these effects to mechanistic evaluations and safety assessments. This article is intended to provide general considerations and approaches for these types of targeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Andersson
- Pathology Sciences, Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D Innovative Medicines, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Dinesh Stanislaus
- Reproductive Toxicology, Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles E. Wood
- National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Mustoe AC, Jensen HA, French JA. Describing ovarian cycles, pregnancy characteristics, and the use of contraception in female white-faced marmosets, Callithrix geoffroyi. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:1044-53. [PMID: 22865351 PMCID: PMC3460071 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine data and characteristics of nonconceptive ovarian cycling and pregnancy are limited within the genus Callithrix to the common marmoset (C. jacchus) and Wied's black tufted-ear marmoset (C. kuhlii). This article presents patterns of urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) excretion, as determined by enzyme immunoassay, throughout the course of ovarian cycling and pregnancy in white-faced marmosets (C. geoffroyi). Furthermore, characteristics of reproductive parameters including litter size, duration of gestation, maternal age, and information about ovarian cycling following administration of contraceptives are also described. A steep increase in PdG, an indication of ovulation, characterizes normative ovarian cycles, with peak-to-peak intervals between cycles being 27.82 ± 1.49 days in length. PdG excretion (μg/mg Cr) across pregnancy peaked during the 1st and 2nd trimesters (1st = 20.71 ± 2.98, 2nd = 21.16 ± 2.60) and declined gradually to near preconception levels over the 3rd trimester until parturition (3rd = 5.74 ± 1.60). Gestation lasted 148.55 ± 1.89 days. Most pregnancies (82.8%) resulted in an immediate postpartum ovulation (PPO) of 17.45 ± 2.22 days with 58.3% of PPOs resulting in conception. No differences in PdG excretion during the 1st trimester between full pregnancies and miscarriages were found, and pregnancy characteristics such as litter size, duration of gestation, and maternal age were not associated with PdG concentrations. Administration of cloprostenol resulted in shorter peak-to-peak cycle durations, but ovulation was detectable with similar concentrations of peak PdG to a normal nonconceptive cycle. Conversely, medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injections resulted in little to no PdG excretion across the ovarian cycle. Both methods of contraception providing effective prevention of conception. Overall, these results show that strong similarities in reproductive parameters persist within the genus Callithrix and to a lesser extent across the Callitrichidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaryn C Mustoe
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA.
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von Schönfeldt V, Chandolia R, Kiesel L, Nieschlag E, Schlatt S, Sonntag B. Advanced follicle development in xenografted prepubertal ovarian tissue: the common marmoset as a nonhuman primate model for ovarian tissue transplantation. Fertil Steril 2010; 95:1428-34. [PMID: 21122840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a nonhuman primate model addressing follicular development in cryopreserved prepubertal ovarian tissue after xenografting. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Academic research center. ANIMAL(S) Ovarian tissue from female prepubertal common marmoset (Callytrix jacchus jacchus) grafted into immunodeficient nude mice (Crl:NU-FoxnI(nu)). INTERVENTION(S) Removal and subsequent cryopreservation of ovarian tissues with dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by grafting to subcutaneous sites of ovariectomized and intact nude mice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Histologic evaluation for the mean number of total and morphologically normal follicles in each class. RESULT(S) The mean number of unadvanced follicles in frozen-thawed grafted ovarian tissues was reduced compared with pregraft controls, but the prevalence of normal follicular morphology was either slightly increased (primordial follicles) or unchanged (primary follicles). Previous ovariectomy in graft recipients increased total follicle numbers without effect on normal follicular morphology and shifted the ratio of primordial to primary follicles toward an increase in primary follicles, indicating activation of follicular maturation. CONCLUSION(S) The marmoset is a suitable primate model for studies on the subsequent use of cryopreserved ovarian tissue, demonstrating graft sustainment and the development of follicles from prepubertal ovarian tissue in immunodeficient hosts up to secondary and preantral stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria von Schönfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
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Garside SA, Henkin J, Morris KD, Norvell SM, Thomas FH, Fraser HM. A thrombospondin-mimetic peptide, ABT-898, suppresses angiogenesis and promotes follicular atresia in pre- and early-antral follicles in vivo. Endocrinology 2010; 151:5905-15. [PMID: 20881256 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using a novel in vitro angiogenesis assay, we previously showed that thrombospondin (TSP)-1 has antiangiogenic effects on rat follicles and induces apoptosis in granulosa cells in vitro. ABT-898 is an octapeptide mimetic of TSP-1 closely related to ABT-510. Here, we demonstrate the inhibitory effects of ABT-898 on follicular angiogenesis and its proapoptotic effect on granulosa cells. To investigate the potential of this peptide to inhibit follicular angiogenesis in vivo, marmoset monkeys were treated with 2.5 mg/kg ABT-898 twice daily throughout the follicular phase of the cycle. Although treatment did not block emergence of dominant follicles, angiogenesis was reduced in preantral and early-antral follicles. Furthermore, the incidence of atresia at these follicle stages was increased. To investigate whether treatment with ABT-898 would interfere with the timing or duration of the normal ovulatory rise in plasma progesterone, marmosets were treated with a depot formulation containing 25 mg ABT-898 at the start of the follicular phase, with a second injection after 2 wk. Despite active concentrations of peptide being maintained in the circulation, no apparent effects on the ovulatory cycle were observed. Taken together, these results indicate that ABT-898 is capable of having a dual effect by inhibiting follicular angiogenesis and promoting atresia of antral follicles in vivo but does not prevent ovulation or induce luteolysis, as has been observed with direct vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. These results suggest that ABT-898 could be a novel therapeutic to inhibit abnormal angiogenesis and induce atresia of accumulated follicles in polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Garside
- Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
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18
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Tkachenko OY, Delimitreva S, Isachenko E, Valle RR, Michelmann HW, Berenson A, Nayudu PL. Epidermal growth factor effects on marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) oocyte in vitro maturation, IVF and embryo development are altered by gonadotrophin concentration during oocyte maturation. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2047-58. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McEwan IJ, McGuinness D, Hay CW, Millar RP, Saunders PTK, Fraser HM. Identification of androgen receptor phosphorylation in the primate ovary in vivo. Reproduction 2010; 140:93-104. [PMID: 20406952 PMCID: PMC2892820 DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, and is important for both male and female reproductive health. The receptor is a target for a number of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, which has been intensively studied in vitro. However, little is known about the phosphorylation status of the receptor in target tissues in vivo. The common marmoset is a useful model for studying human reproductive functions, and comparison of the AR primary sequence from this primate shows high conservation of serines known to be phosphorylated in the human receptor and corresponding flanking amino acids. We have used a panel of phosphospecific antibodies to study AR phosphorylation in the marmoset ovary throughout the follicular phase and after treatment with GNRH antagonist or testosterone propionate. In normal follicular phase ovaries, total AR (both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms) immunopositive staining was observed in several cell types including granulosa cells of developing follicles, theca cells and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Receptor phosphorylation at serines 81, 308, and 650 was detected primarily in the granulosa cells of developing follicles, surface epithelium, and vessel endothelial cells. Testosterone treatment lead to a modest increase in AR staining in all stages of follicle studied, while GNRH antagonist had no effect. Neither treatment significantly altered the pattern of phosphorylation compared to the control group. These results demonstrate that phosphorylation of the AR occurs, at a subset of serine residues, in a reproductive target tissue in vivo, which appears refractory to hormonal manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain J McEwan
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK.
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20
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Fraser HM, Duncan WC. SRB Reproduction, Fertility and Development Award Lecture 2008. Regulation and manipulation of angiogenesis in the ovary and endometrium. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009; 21:377-92. [PMID: 19261215 DOI: 10.1071/rd08272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The marked cyclical physiological angiogenesis in the developing follicle, corpus luteum and endometrium implies a critical role in health and disease. Our approach to understanding its regulation has been to localise and quantify the temporal changes in putative angiogenic factors, and their receptors, in human and non-human primate tissue and to use antagonists to dissect their role by specific inhibition at defined periods during the ovulatory cycle in non-human primates in vivo. The course of angiogenesis throughout the cycle and the cellular and molecular effects of inhibitory treatments have been investigated in the marmoset ovary and uterus, whereas consequences on pituitary-ovarian function have been monitored in macaques. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the time of follicle recruitment or selection prevents endothelial cell proliferation, leading to inhibition of follicular development. VEGF inhibition during the early luteal phase prevents angiogenesis and restricts development of the luteal microvasculature. Inhibition of angiogenesis at all stages of the cycle leads to profound suppression of ovarian function. Even during the 'post-angiogenic' period of the luteal phase, inhibition of VEGF precipitates a suppression of progesterone secretion, pointing to additional roles for VEGF in the ovary. In the endometrium, oestrogen drives endometrial angiogenesis through VEGF. Thus, oestrogen can restore angiogenesis after ovariectomy, but not in the presence of VEGF inhibitors. These investigations enhance our understanding of the regulation of angiogenesis in the ovary and uterus and inform studies on conditions with abnormal vascularisation, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and menstrual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish M Fraser
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Queen's Institute of Medical Research, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Weinbauer GF, Niehoff M, Niehaus M, Srivastav S, Fuchs A, Van Esch E, Cline JM. Physiology and Endocrinology of the Ovarian Cycle in Macaques. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 36:7S-23S. [PMID: 20852722 PMCID: PMC2939751 DOI: 10.1177/0192623308327412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Macaques provide excellent models for preclinical testing and safety assessment of female reproductive toxicants. Currently, cynomolgus monkeys are the predominant species for (reproductive) toxicity testing. Marmosets and rhesus monkeys are being used occasionally. The authors provide a brief review on physiology and endocrinology of the cynomolgus monkey ovarian cycle, practical guidance on assessment and monitoring of ovarian cyclicity, and new data on effects of social housing on ovarian cyclicity in toxicological studies. In macaques, cycle monitoring is achieved using daily vaginal smears for menstruation combined with cycle-timed frequent sampling for steroid and peptide hormone analysis. Owing to requirements of frequent and timed blood sampling, it is not recommended to incorporate these special evaluations into a general toxicity study design. Marmosets lack external signs of ovarian cyclicity, and cycle monitoring is done by regular determinations of progesterone. Cynomolgus and marmoset monkeys do not exhibit seasonal variations in ovarian activity, whereas such annual rhythm is pronounced in rhesus monkeys. Studies on pair- and group-housed cynomolgus monkeys revealed transient alterations in the duration and endocrinology of the ovarian cycle followed by return to normal cyclicity after approximately six months. This effect is avoided if the animals had contact with each other prior to mingling. These experiments also demonstrated that synchronization of ovarian cycles did not occur.
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22
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Fraser HM, Wilson H, Silvestri A, Morris KD, Wiegand SJ. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor and estradiol in the regulation of endometrial angiogenesis and cell proliferation in the marmoset. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4413-20. [PMID: 18499749 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present studies explore the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and estradiol on angiogenesis and stromal and epithelial cell proliferation in the marmoset endometrium during the proliferative phase of the ovulatory cycle. At the start of the proliferative phase, marmosets were 1) treated with vehicle, 2) treated with a VEGF inhibitor (VEGF Trap, aflibercept), 3) ovariectomized, 4) ovariectomized and given replacement estradiol, or 5) treated with VEGF Trap and given replacement estradiol. The uterus was examined 10 d later in the late proliferative phase. Changes in endothelial and epithelial cell proliferation were quantified using a volumetric density method after immunohistochemistry for bromodeoxyuridine to localize proliferating cells, CD31 to visualize endothelial cells, and dual staining to distinguish endothelial cell proliferation. Endothelial proliferation was elevated in late proliferative controls but virtually absent after VEGF Trap. Ovariectomy had a similar inhibitory effect, whereas angiogenesis was restored by estrogen replacement. Estradiol replacement in VEGF Trap-treated marmosets resulted in only a small increase in endothelial cell proliferation that remained significantly below control values. VEGF Trap treatment and ovariectomy also markedly reduced stromal cell proliferation but resulted in increased stromal cell density associated with a reduction in overall endometrial volume. Estrogen replacement in both ovariectomized and VEGF Trap-treated animals restored stromal proliferation rates and cell density. These results show that endometrial angiogenesis and stromal proliferation during the proliferative phase are driven by estradiol and that the effect of estrogen on angiogenesis is mediated largely by VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish M Fraser
- Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
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23
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Thomas FH, Wilson H, Silvestri A, Fraser HM. Thrombospondin-1 expression is increased during follicular atresia in the primate ovary. Endocrinology 2008; 149:185-92. [PMID: 17884943 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin (TSP)-1 is an antiangiogenic extracellular matrix glycoprotein that modulates several aspects of cellular function. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of TSP-1 mRNA and protein expression as well as expression of its receptor CD36 in the marmoset ovary and to investigate the effects of inhibition of gonadotropins or VEGF activity on TSP-1 and CD36 expression in vivo. GnRH antagonist or VEGF Trap, a soluble decoy receptor, was administered on d 0 of the follicular phase of the cycle, and ovaries were collected at the end of the follicular phase (d 10). TSP-1 mRNA and protein were present in granulosa cells of preantral and antral follicles, with the highest staining at the late secondary and tertiary stages. Moreover, expression of TSP-1 mRNA and protein was significantly increased in tertiary follicles undergoing atresia. CD36 protein was detected in granulosa cells of preantral and antral follicles as well as in endothelial cells of large vessels. Inhibition of gonadotropin secretion or VEGF activity had no effect on TSP-1 expression; however, expression of CD36 protein was inhibited by the VEGF Trap. In conclusion, TSP-1 may be involved in the cessation of angiogenesis in follicles undergoing atresia; alternatively, TSP-1 may act on granulosa and/or endothelial cells to promote follicular atresia in the ovary. Angiogenesis is likely to involve a balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors. Our results suggest that loss of VEGF activity does not regulate TSP-1 expression directly but may influence TSP-1 activity via down-regulation of the CD36 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Thomas
- Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
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Silvestri A, Fraser HM. Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the marmoset endometrium: changes during the ovulatory cycle, early pregnancy and after inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, GnRH or ovariectomy. Reproduction 2007; 134:341-53. [PMID: 17660243 DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Marmosets are widely used, but detailed studies on localisation of endometrial oestrogen receptors alpha and beta (ER alpha and ER beta ), and the progesterone receptor (PR) are lacking. These receptors were localised and semi-quantitatively analysed throughout the ovulatory cycle, weeks 2, 3 and 4 of pregnancy and after treatment with GnRH antagonist, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Trap or ovariectomy. The PR in epithelial cells increased markedly between the mid- and late proliferative phases before declining in the mid-secretory phase and pregnancy. PR in stromal cells was present throughout the cycle and levels were maintained in pregnancy. ER alpha was present at the mid-proliferative phase and increased in glands at the late proliferative and early secretory phases, before declining at the late secretory phase and week 4 of pregnancy. Stromal ER alpha showed a similar trend, but decreased earlier, by the mid-secretory phase. ER beta was highly expressed in epithelial cells throughout the cycle and in pregnancy. In stroma, increases in ER beta expression were observed at the late proliferative phase with the staining index decreasing by half as the secretory phase progressed and in pregnancy. GnRH antagonist, VEGF Trap or ovariectomy caused significant reductions in PR and ER beta expression, but not in ER alpha when compared with the late proliferative phase of the normal cycle. Endothelial cells expressed ER beta , but not ER alpha or PR. It is concluded that the steroid receptor profile in the marmoset endometrium is generally similar to the human and should provide a useful model for studies on hormonal manipulation of the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Silvestri
- Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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25
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Kulkarni-Chitnis S, Nandedkar T. Effect of octapeptide: FSH binding inhibitor on cyclicity of bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata). Contraception 2007; 76:467-73. [PMID: 18061706 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone play an important role in the development of ovarian follicles, and a number of autocrine/paracrine factors secreted by the ovary are known to directly or indirectly regulate gonadotropin action. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of octapeptide (OP) on cyclicity and hormonal profile of bonnet monkeys, the menstruating Old World primates. STUDY DESIGN Our group has purified one such factor from human ovarian follicular fluid, which inhibits the binding of FSH to the granulosa cells. N-terminal eight-amino-acid sequence of this peptide has been deduced, which is referred to as the OP. It has shown an antifertility effect in marmosets, the New World primates. In the present study, the bonnet monkeys were divided into two groups, namely, the treated group (n=5), which was administered with OP (250 mcg/kg body weight/day) intramuscularly during the follicular phase, and the control group (n=6), which was injected with vehicle (saline). Blood was collected every other day, and progesterone levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Animals in the control group demonstrated normal plasma progesterone levels and exhibited normal cyclicity. On the other hand, in the treated group, progesterone levels decreased by 65.8%, as compared with that in pretreatment cycles. This probably disturbed the cyclicity, thus causing amenorrhea (73.0+/-6.7 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kulkarni-Chitnis
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
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Grupen CG, Gilchrist RB, Nayudu PL, Barry MF, Schulz SJ, Ritter LJ, Armstrong DT. Effects of ovarian stimulation, with and without human chorionic gonadotrophin, on oocyte meiotic and developmental competence in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). Theriogenology 2007; 68:861-72. [PMID: 17714774 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A reliable ovarian stimulation protocol for marmosets is needed to enhance their use as a model for studying human and non-human primate oocyte biology. In this species, a standard dose of hCG did not effectively induce oocyte maturation in vivo. The objectives of this study were to characterize ovarian response to an FSH priming regimen in marmosets, given without or with a high dose of hCG, and to determine the meiotic and developmental competence of the oocytes isolated. Ovaries were removed from synchronized marmosets treated with FSH alone (50 IU/d for 6 d) or the same FSH treatment combined with a single injection of hCG (500 IU). Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were isolated from large (>1.5mm) and small (0.7-1.5mm) antral follicles. In vivo-matured oocytes were subsequently activated parthenogenetically or fertilized in vitro. Immature oocytes were subjected to in vitro maturation and then activated parthenogenetically. Treatment with FSH and hCG combined increased the number of expanded COCs from large antral follicles compared with FSH alone (23.5 +/- 9.3 versus 6.4 +/- 2.7, mean +/- S.E.M.). Approximately 90% of oocytes surrounded by expanded cumulus cells at the time of isolation were meiotically mature. A blastocyst formation rate of 47% was achieved following fertilization of in vivo-matured oocytes, whereas parthenogenetic activation failed to induce development to the blastocyst stage. The capacity of oocytes to complete meiosis in vitro and cleave was positively correlated with follicle diameter. A dramatic effect of follicle size on spindle formation was observed in oocytes that failed to complete meiosis in vitro. Using the combined FSH and hCG regimen described in this study, large numbers of in vivo matured marmoset oocytes could be reliably collected in a single cycle, making the marmoset a valuable model for studying oocyte maturation in human and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Grupen
- Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Fraser HM, Wilson H, Wulff C, Rudge JS, Wiegand SJ. Administration of vascular endothelial growth factor Trap during the 'post-angiogenic' period of the luteal phase causes rapid functional luteolysis and selective endothelial cell death in the marmoset. Reproduction 2007; 132:589-600. [PMID: 17008470 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The intense angiogenesis characteristic of early corpus luteum development is dependent upon vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as inhibitors of VEGF administered at the peri-ovulatory period suppress endothelial cell proliferation and progesterone secretion. We now report that administration of VEGF Trap, a soluble decoy receptor-based inhibitor, at the mid- or the late luteal phase in the marmoset results in a rapid decline in plasma progesterone. Since vascularisation of the corpus luteum is largely complete by the mid-luteal phase, it suggested that this functional luteolysis involved mechanisms other than inhibition of angiogenesis. A second experiment investigated the role of VEGF in maintaining the integrity of the luteal vasculature and hormone-producing cells. VEGF Trap was administered to marmosets in the mid-luteal phase and ovaries were obtained 1, 2, 4 or 8 days later for localisation of activated caspase-3 staining in the corpus luteum and compared with those obtained 2, 4 and 8 days after administration of control protein. The number of cells with activated caspase-3 staining was significantly increased after administration of VEGF Trap. Dual staining of activated caspase-3 with the endothelial cell marker CD31 showed that at 1 day post-treatment, more than 90% caspase-3-stained cells were vascular endothelium, prior to detection of an increasing incidence in death of hormone-producing cells on days 2 and 4. Staining with CD31 showed that the endothelial cell area was decreased after treatment. By 8 days after treatment, corpora lutea had regressed to varying degrees, while all control corpora lutea remained healthy. These results show that VEGF inhibition in the mid- or the late luteal phase induces functional luteolysis in the marmoset that is associated with premature and selective death of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish M Fraser
- Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Thomas FH, Telfer EE, Fraser HM. Expression of anti-Mullerian hormone protein during early follicular development in the primate ovary in vivo is influenced by suppression of gonadotropin secretion and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocrinology 2007; 148:2273-81. [PMID: 17317775 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) plays a role during early follicular development and selection. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of AMH protein expression in the marmoset ovary and to investigate the effects of inhibition of gonadotropins or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity on AMH expression in vivo. GnRH antagonist or VEGF Trap, a soluble decoy receptor, was administered on d 0 or 5 of the follicular phase of the cycle, and ovaries were collected at the end of the follicular phase (d 10). AMH protein was expressed in the marmoset ovary in granulosa cells from the primary stage, with the most abundant staining at the preantral and early antral stages. Inhibition of gonadotropin secretion or VEGF activity between d 0-10 of the cycle decreased AMH expression in early preantral follicles (P < 0.01), and AMH expression was decreased in late preantral follicles in the presence of the VEGF Trap (P < 0.01), compared with controls. There was significantly less AMH expression in early antral follicles with both treatments (P < 0.01), and a decrease in the ratio of oocyte-associated/basement-membrane-associated granulosa cell expression of AMH (P < 0.05). When treatments were administered from d 5-10 of the cycle, both VEGF Trap and GnRH antagonist decreased AMH expression in preantral follicles (P < 0.01) but had no significant effect on early antral follicles. In conclusion, VEGF and gonadotropins are involved in the regulation of expression of AMH in the marmoset. This AMH expression may be a marker of abnormal folliculogenesis in the absence of gonadotropin stimulation or functional angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Thomas
- Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Prasad S, Humphreys I, Kireta S, Gilchrist RB, Bardy P, Russ GR, Coates PTH. The common marmoset as a novel preclinical transplant model: identification of new MHC class II DRB alleles and prediction ofin vitroalloreactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69 Suppl 1:72-5. [PMID: 17445171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.760_7.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The difficulties with using nonhuman primate species such as rhesus macaques and baboons have led us to investigate the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as an alternative preclinical model for transplantation research. This requires reliable methods of detecting alloreactivity between donor and recipient pairs, particularly if colonies are inbred and share just a few common alleles for leucocyte antigens. We firstly identified marmoset major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II DRB genes (Caja-DRB*W1201, Caja-DRB1*03, Caja-DRB*W16) using sequence-based typing techniques. Genomic DNA (n= 49) was extracted from whole blood or spleen tissue. Exon 2 of target genes was amplified by PCR using primers specific for known marmoset alleles, and then sequenced using ABI PRISM((R)) Big Dye Terminator technology and Assign sequence analysis software. DRB*W1201 was universally present. Eight DRB*W16 alleles and five DRB1*03 alleles were identified in this colony. We also identified two previously unreported DRB*W16 alleles, and confirmed inheritance of these alleles within several sibling groups. Subsequently, we investigated whether matching at MHC Class II DRB loci alone could predict alloreactivity, as assessed in vitro by two-way mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs). Fully DRB-matched, partially mismatched and fully mismatched animal pairs were prospectively chosen. MLR was performed using mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated from whole blood by density gradient separation. T-cell proliferation after 5-day culture was measured by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. Combined MNC from fully mismatched and partially mismatched animal pairs exhibited significant in vitro T-cell proliferation above single cell controls (P < 0.01). MNC from fully DRB-matched (but unrelated) animal pairs exhibited no proliferation compared with controls (P= 0.3). Using DRB genotyping, suitably alloreactive donor-recipient pairs may therefore be rapidly and accurately identified for use in further studies of cellular and solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prasad
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia
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Tomonari Y, Kurata Y, David RM, Gans G, Kawasuso T, Katoh M. Effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on genital organs from juvenile common marmosets: I. Morphological and biochemical investigation in 65-week toxicity study. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2006; 69:1651-72. [PMID: 16854791 DOI: 10.1080/15287390600630054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that preadolescent male rats are more sensitive to testicular damage from exposure to DEHP than adults. Male and female marmosets were treated daily with 0, 100, 500, or 2500 mg/kg DEHP by oral gavage for 65 wk from weaning (3 mo of age) to sexual maturity (18 mo). No treatment-related changes were observed in male organ weights, and no microscopic changes were found in male gonads or secondary sex organs. Sperm head counts, zinc levels, glutathione levels, and testicular enzyme activities were comparable between groups. Electron microscopic examination revealed no treatment-related abnormalities in Leydig, Sertoli, or spermatogenic cells. Histochemical examination of the testis after 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) staining did not reveal any alterations in steroid synthesis in the Leydig cells. Thus, although marmoset monkeys were treated with 2500 mg/kg DEHP, throughout the pre- and periadolescent period, no histological changes were noted in the testes. For females, increased ovarian and uterine weights and elevated blood estradiol level were observed in higher dosage groups, 500 and 2500 mg/kg. These increased weights were associated with the presence of large corpus luteum, a common finding in older female marmosets. Although an effect on the female ovary cannot be completely ruled out, no abnormal histological changes were observed in the ovaries or uteri in comparison to controls. No increases in hepatic peroxisomal enzyme activities were noted in treated groups; isolated hepatic enzyme activities (P-450 contents, testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase, and lauric acid omega-1omega-hydroxylase activities) were increased in males and/or females of either the mid- or high-dose groups, but no consistent dose-related trend was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tomonari
- Mitsubishi Chemical Safety Institute Ltd., Kashima-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
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31
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Prasad S, Humphreys I, Kireta S, Gilchrist RB, Bardy P, Russ GR, Coates PTH. MHC Class II DRB genotyping is highly predictive of in-vitro alloreactivity in the common marmoset. J Immunol Methods 2006; 314:153-63. [PMID: 16860822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is emerging as a promising alternative pre-clinical model for transplantation and immunological research. It is therefore important to establish a rapid and reliable method of confirming alloreactivity between donor-recipient pairs. In this study of a large marmoset colony (n=49), we firstly characterised MHC Class II genes (Caja-DRB*W1201, Caja-DRB1*03, Caja-DRB*W16) using, for the first time in this species, sequence-based allelic typing techniques. Exon 2 was amplified using M13-tailed PCR primers specific for known marmoset alleles, and sequenced using universal M13 sequencing primers and dye terminator cycle sequencing. Twenty-six genotypes involving monomorphic Caja-DRB*W1201, 8 Caja-DRB*W16 and 5 Caja-DRB1*03 alleles were observed. Two new DRB*W16 alleles were identified. Subsequently we investigated whether matching at MHC-DRB loci alone could accurately predict in-vitro alloreactivity as assessed by mixed lymphocyte reactions. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from fully and partially DRB-matched and fully mismatched animal pairs were mixed and co-cultured for T-cell proliferation. PBMC co-cultured from fully or partially mismatched pairs exhibited significant T cell proliferation above single cell controls (p<0.01). Mixed PBMC from fully DRB-matched pairs exhibited no proliferation over controls (p=0.3). Thus using Caja-DRB genotyping, suitably alloreactive donor-recipient pairs can be rapidly and accurately identified for use in further studies of cellular and solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpanjali Prasad
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Campus, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
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Kireta S, Zola H, Gilchrist RB, Coates PTH. Cross-reactivity of anti-human chemokine receptor and anti-TNF family antibodies with common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) leukocytes. Cell Immunol 2005; 236:115-22. [PMID: 16165115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World primate species frequently employed for immunological models of human disease. We used flow cytometry to screen a panel of new anti-human antibodies from the HLDA8 workshop to establish cross-reactivity with marmoset peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Seventy-seven antibodies were screened of which nine antibodies showed binding. Cross-reactivity of anti-human monoclonal antibodies with CC and CXC chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR6, CCR7, and CCR8 was demonstrated on untreated marmoset mononuclear cells. Stimulation of marmoset mononuclear cells with ConA and/or PMA-ionomycin resulted in an up-regulated expression of CXCR1, CXCR3, and CXCR4. The expression of TNF-family related molecules TACI and APRIL on marmoset mononuclear cells was also identified. These studies extend the range of cross-reactive antibodies to now include anti-chemokine and anti-TNF family antibodies for this important pre-clinical model species and should provide useful tools for investigation of immunological processes in marmoset monkey models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Kireta
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Campus, 28 Woodville Rd, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
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Abbott DH, Foong SC, Barnett DK, Dumesic DA. Nonhuman primates contribute unique understanding to anovulatory infertility in women. ILAR J 2004; 45:116-31. [PMID: 15111731 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.45.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anovulatory infertility affects a large proportion of reproductive-aged women. Major improvements in successful clinical treatment of this prevalent disorder in women's health have been made possible because of biomedical research employing nonhuman primates. Experiments on female rhesus monkeys were the first to demonstrate that the key hypothalamic neurotransmitter, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, involved in stimulating pituitary gonadotropin synthesis, storage, and release was bioactive only when released in approximately hourly bursts. This breakthrough in understanding gonadotropin regulation enabled identification of hypogonadotropic, apparently normogonadotropic, and hypergonadotropic forms of anovulatory infertility, and development of appropriate stimulatory or inhibitory gonadotropin therapies. Treatments to overcome anovulatory infertility represent one of the major advances in clinical reproductive endocrinology during the last 25 yr. The future promise of nonhuman primate models for human ovulatory dysfunction, however, may be based on an increased understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms responsible for fetal programming of adult metabolic and reproductive defects and for obesity-related, hyperinsulinemic impairment of oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and UW-Madison National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
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Schneiders A, Sonksen J, Hodges JK. Penile vibratory stimulation in the marmoset monkey: a practical alternative to electro-ejaculation, yielding ejaculates of enhanced quality. J Med Primatol 2004; 33:98-104. [PMID: 15061722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2004.00058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The availability of sufficient amounts of spermatozoa of high quality is one of the main limiting factors in reproductive research and development of reproductive technologies in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). Penile vibrostimulation (PVS) has been successfully used in semen collection in the squirrel monkey but with poor success rate in the marmoset. We report here on an improved protocol for PVS with a success rate of almost 90%. Ejaculates obtained by PVS were of enhanced quality compared with those obtained by rectal probe electro-ejaculation (RPE). PVS ejaculates contained on average three to fourfold higher numbers of total and motile spermatozoa. Assessment of sperm kinematics using computer-assisted sperm analysis indicated that there are also functional differences between spermatozoa collected by PVS and RPE. Marmoset spermatozoa in samples obtained by RPE swim in a more convoluted manner compared with those obtained by PVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schneiders
- Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Centre, Goettingen, Germany
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Wadia P, Kholkute S, Nandedkar T. Antifertility effect of an octapeptide, a fragment of FSH binding inhibitor, in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Contraception 2003; 67:151-60. [PMID: 12586325 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) binding inhibitor (FSHBI) has been identified as one of the factors present in follicular fluid exerting autocrine/paracrine effects on FSH actions in the ovary. Our group has isolated FSHBI from human ovarian follicular fluid and deduced its partial amino acid sequence from the N-terminal region. A synthetic peptide corresponding to this sequence also demonstrated FSH binding inhibitory activity in vitro. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of the octapeptide on ovarian cyclicity and pregnancy in the common marmoset. For the study, three groups of postpartum marmosets were treated with the octapeptide during the follicular phase. Administration of the octapeptide from days 6-10 postpartum (pp) predominantly induced luteal insufficiency in two of seven and two of five marmosets at a dose of 100 microg/day (group 1) and 300 microg/day (group 2), respectively. This was confirmed by the presence of small regressing corpora lutea on day 13 pp. Pregnancy was terminated prematurely in one animal from each of these groups. The treatment impaired fertility by 43% and 60% in the marmosets of groups 1 and 2, respectively. In view of the fact that FSH levels peak on day 2 and day 6 of the follicular phase in marmosets, a third group was administered 200 microg/day octapeptide from days 1-8 pp. The treatment induced luteal insufficiency in one out of four marmosets, while premature termination of pregnancy occurred in two other marmosets of this group, demonstrating a 75% effect on pregnancy. Thus, treatment of marmosets with the octapeptide, a fragment of the FSHBI, predominantly induced luteal insufficiency as well as resorption of the fetus leading to impairment of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perinaaz Wadia
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J M Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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36
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Abstract
The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, is the smallest nonhuman primate commonly used in biomedical research. Marmoset characteristics and propensities have enabled them to be used in a wide range of research as a model of human disease, physiology, drug metabolism, general toxicology, and reproductive biology. This paper provides a general overview of the marmoset with special emphasis on the benefits and disadvantages of this species as a model for inclusion in preclinical drug development programmes. In view of its small size in comparison with other nonrodent species marmosets have become of value for toxicology studies with biotechnology products where compound supply is limited. In general toxicology studies, marmosets have been successfully used to meet regulatory endpoints also for specific investigatory purposes. The widespread use of this species has allowed extensive background information to become available and a summary of the most frequently measured parameters are presented. Marmosets apparently represent an interesting animal model for comparative research on primate reproductive physiology. However, several basic aspects of reproductive processes exhibit cardinal discrepancies to those described for macaques and human. Thus, from the viewpoint of reproductive toxicology, the relevance of the marmoset primate model for human reproduction remains unclear to date and further research is obviously needed. Given our current knowledge of marmoset reproductive features, the use of this animal model cannot be recommended for reproductive toxicology assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zühlke
- Covance Laboratories GmbH, 48163 Münster, Germany
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Brok HP, Hornby RJ, Griffiths GD, Scott LA, Hart BA. An extensive monoclonal antibody panel for the phenotyping of leukocyte subsets in the common marmoset and the cotton-top tamarin. CYTOMETRY 2001; 45:294-303. [PMID: 11746099 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0320(20011201)45:4<294::aid-cyto10002>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
New World monkeys are valuable animal models to study human diseases. To determine the phenotype of cells involved in immune responses, we used flow cytometry to screen a large panel of anti-human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for cross-reactivity with cells of the common marmoset and the cotton-top tamarin. Certain antigens (e.g., CD2, CD8, CD20) are well conserved. However, CD10, CD23, and CD33 showed a clear discrepancy in their reaction patterns in both species, indicating that significant differences on the epitope level occurred during evolution. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines were shown to be a valuable tool for screening B-cell-specific reagents. In some cases, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin (PE) modification of mAbs had a negative effect on the binding capacity, which stressed the importance of choosing the right label. Despite the fact that some CD antigens were not detected, adequate numbers of cross-reactive mAbs were identified to perform extensive studies on immunological functions in both the common marmoset and the cotton-top tamarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Brok
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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