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Allegretta C, Difonzo G, Caponio F, Tamma G, Laselva O. Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) as a Novel Antioxidant That Ameliorates the Inflammatory Response in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:1764. [PMID: 37443798 PMCID: PMC10340374 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) produces a misfolded CFTR protein that is retained in the ER and degraded. The lack of normal CFTR channel activity is associated with chronic infection and inflammation which are the primary causes of declining lung function in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. Moreover, LPS-dependent oxidative stress downregulates CFTR function in airway epithelial cells. Olive leaf extract (OLE) is used in traditional medicine for its effects, including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory ones. We found that OLE decreased the intracellular ROS levels in a dose-response manner in CFBE cells. Moreover, OLE attenuates the inflammatory response to LPS or IL-1β/TNFα stimulation, mimicking the infection and inflammatory status of CF patients, in CFBE and primary nasal epithelial (HNE) cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OLE restored the LPS-mediated decrease of TrikfaftaTM-dependent F508del-CFTR function in CFBE and HNE cultures. These findings provide strong evidence of OLE to prevent redox imbalance and inflammation that can cause chronic lung damage by enhancing the antioxidant activity and attenuating inflammation in CF airway epithelial cells. Additionally, OLE might be used in combination with CFTR modulators therapy to improve their efficacy in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Allegretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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2
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Schultz ML, Schache KJ, Azaria RD, Kuiper EQ, Erwood S, Ivakine EA, Farhat NY, Porter FD, Pathmasiri KC, Cologna SM, Uhler MD, Lieberman AP. Species-specific differences in NPC1 protein trafficking govern therapeutic response in Niemann-Pick type C disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160308. [PMID: 36301667 PMCID: PMC9746915 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The folding and trafficking of transmembrane glycoproteins are essential for cellular homeostasis and are compromised in many diseases. In Niemann-Pick type C disease, a lysosomal disorder characterized by impaired intracellular cholesterol trafficking, the transmembrane glycoprotein NPC1 misfolds due to disease-causing missense mutations. While mutant NPC1 has emerged as a robust target for proteostasis modulators, drug development efforts have been unsuccessful in mouse models. Here, we demonstrated unexpected differences in trafficking through the medial Golgi between mouse and human I1061T-NPC1, a common disease-causing mutant. We established that these distinctions are governed by differences in the NPC1 protein sequence rather than by variations in the endoplasmic reticulum-folding environment. Moreover, we demonstrated direct effects of mutant protein trafficking on the response to small molecules that modulate the endoplasmic reticulum-folding environment by affecting Ca++ concentration. Finally, we developed a panel of isogenic human NPC1 iNeurons expressing WT, I1061T-, and R934L-NPC1 and demonstrated their utility in testing these candidate therapeutics. Our findings identify important rules governing mutant NPC1's response to proteostatic modulators and highlight the importance of species- and mutation-specific responses for therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kylie J. Schache
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruth D. Azaria
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Esmée Q. Kuiper
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven Erwood
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics and
| | - Evgueni A. Ivakine
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Y. Farhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Michael D. Uhler
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew P. Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Humanized zebrafish as a tractable tool for in vivo evaluation of pro-myelinating drugs. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1541-1555.e7. [PMID: 36126653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapies that promote neuroprotection and axonal survival by enhancing myelin regeneration are an unmet need to prevent disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Numerous potentially beneficial compounds have originated from phenotypic screenings but failed in clinical trials. It is apparent that current cell- and animal-based disease models are poor predictors of positive treatment options, arguing for novel experimental approaches. Here we explore the experimental power of humanized zebrafish to foster the identification of pro-remyelination compounds via specific inhibition of GPR17. Using biochemical and imaging techniques, we visualize the expression of zebrafish (zf)-gpr17 during the distinct stages of oligodendrocyte development, thereby demonstrating species-conserved expression between zebrafish and mammals. We also demonstrate species-conserved function of zf-Gpr17 using genetic loss-of-function and rescue techniques. Finally, using GPR17-humanized zebrafish, we provide proof of principle for in vivo analysis of compounds acting via targeted inhibition of human GPR17. We anticipate that GPR17-humanized zebrafish will markedly improve the search for effective pro-myelinating pharmacotherapies.
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Laselva O, Criscione ML, Allegretta C, Di Gioia S, Liso A, Conese M. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein (IGFBP-6) as a Novel Regulator of Inflammatory Response in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:905468. [PMID: 35903151 PMCID: PMC9322660 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.905468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients are prone to contracting bacterial lung infections with opportunistic pathogens, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Prolonged P. aeruginosa infections have been linked to chronic inflammation in the CF lung, whose hallmarks are increased levels of cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and neutrophil attraction by chemokines, like IL-8. Recently, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP-6) has been shown to play a putative role in the immune system and was found at higher levels in the sera and synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that IGFBP-6 has chemoattractant properties towards cells of the innate (neutrophils, monocytes) and adaptive (T cells) immunity. However, it is not known whether IGFBP-6 expression is dysregulated in airway epithelial cells under infection/inflammatory conditions. Therefore, we first measured the basal IGFBP-6 mRNA and protein levels in bronchial epithelial cells lines (Wt and F508del-CFTR CFBE), finding they both are upregulated in F508del-CFTR CFBE cells. Interestingly, LPS and IL-1β+TNFα treatments increased the IGFBP-6 mRNA level, that was reduced after treatment with an anti-inflammatory (Dimethyl Fumarate) in CFBE cell line and in patient-derived nasal epithelial cultures. Lastly, we demonstrated that IGFBP-6 reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both CFBE and primary nasal epithelial cells, without affecting rescued CFTR expression and function. The addition of a neutralizing antibody to IGFBP-6 increased pro-inflammatory cytokines expression under challenge with LPS. Together, these data suggest that IGFBP-6 may play a direct role in the CF-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Onofrio Laselva, ; Massimo Conese,
| | - Maria Laura Criscione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Caterina Allegretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Onofrio Laselva, ; Massimo Conese,
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Fiedorczuk K, Chen J. Mechanism of CFTR correction by type I folding correctors. Cell 2022; 185:158-168.e11. [PMID: 34995514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule chaperones have been exploited as therapeutics for the hundreds of diseases caused by protein misfolding. The most successful examples are the CFTR correctors, which transformed cystic fibrosis therapy. These molecules revert folding defects of the ΔF508 mutant and are widely used to treat patients. To investigate the molecular mechanism of their action, we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of CFTR in complex with the FDA-approved correctors lumacaftor or tezacaftor. Both drugs insert into a hydrophobic pocket in the first transmembrane domain (TMD1), linking together four helices that are thermodynamically unstable. Mutating residues at the binding site rendered ΔF508-CFTR insensitive to lumacaftor and tezacaftor, underscoring the functional significance of the structural discovery. These results support a mechanism in which the correctors stabilize TMD1 at an early stage of biogenesis, prevent its premature degradation, and thereby allosterically rescuing many disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Fiedorczuk
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jue Chen
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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6
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Laselva O, Allegretta C, Di Gioia S, Avolio C, Conese M. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate in Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082132. [PMID: 34440900 PMCID: PMC8391758 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations on the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and is associated with chronic infection and inflammation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that LPS-induced CFTR dysfunction in airway epithelial cells is due to an early oxidative stress. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an approved anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant drug for auto-immune and inflammatory diseases, but its role in the CF has never been investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of DMF on CF-related cytokines expression, ROS measurements and CFTR channel function. We found that DMF reduced the inflammatory response to LPS stimulation in both CF and non-CF bronchial epithelial cells, both as co-treatment and therapy, and restored LPS-mediated decrease of Trikafta™-mediated CFTR function in CF cells bearing the most common mutation, c.1521_1523delCTT (F508del). DMF also inhibited the inflammatory response induced by IL-1β/H2O2 and IL-1β/TNFα, mimicking the inflammatory status of CF patients. Finally, we also demonstrated that DMF exhibited an anti-oxidant effect on CF cells after different inflammatory stimulations. Since DMF is an approved drug, it could be further investigated as a novel anti-inflammatory molecule to ameliorate lung inflammation in CF and improve the CFTR modulators efficacy.
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7
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Laselva O, Qureshi Z, Zeng ZW, Petrotchenko EV, Ramjeesingh M, Hamilton CM, Huan LJ, Borchers CH, Pomès R, Young R, Bear CE. Identification of binding sites for ivacaftor on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. iScience 2021; 24:102542. [PMID: 34142049 PMCID: PMC8184517 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivacaftor (VX-770) was the first cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulatory drug approved for the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis. Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) studies of detergent-solubilized CFTR indicated that VX-770 bound to a site at the interface between solvent and a hinge region in the CFTR protein conferred by transmembrane (tm) helices: tm4, tm5, and tm8. We re-evaluated VX-770 binding to CFTR in biological membranes using photoactivatable VX-770 probes. One such probe covalently labeled CFTR at two sites as determined following trypsin digestion and analysis by tandem-mass spectrometry. One labeled peptide resides in the cytosolic loop 4 of CFTR and the other is located in tm8, proximal to the site identified by cryo-EM. Complementary data from functional and molecular dynamic simulation studies support a model, where VX-770 mediates potentiation via multiple sites in the CFTR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Zafar Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Zhi-Wei Zeng
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Evgeniy V. Petrotchenko
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Center, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Mohabir Ramjeesingh
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | | | - Ling-Jun Huan
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Center, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Régis Pomès
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Young
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Christine E. Bear
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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8
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Laselva O, Bartlett C, Gunawardena TNA, Ouyang H, Eckford PDW, Moraes TJ, Bear CE, Gonska T. Rescue of multiple class II CFTR mutations by elexacaftor+tezacaftor+ivacaftor mediated in part by the dual activities of elexacaftor as both corrector and potentiator. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.02774-2020. [PMID: 33303536 PMCID: PMC8209484 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02774-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positive results in pre-clinical studies of the triple combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor, performed in airway epithelial cell cultures obtained from patients harbouring the class II cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation F508del-CFTR, translated to impressive clinical outcomes for subjects carrying this mutation in clinical trials and approval of Trikafta.Encouraged by this correlation, we were prompted to evaluate the effect of the elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor triple combination on primary nasal epithelial cultures obtained from individuals with rare class II CF-causing mutations (G85E, M1101K and N1303K) for which Trikafta is not approved.Cultures from individuals homozygous for M1101K responded better than cultures harbouring G85E and N1303K after treatment with the triple combination with respect to improvement in regulated channel function and protein processing. A similar genotype-specific effect of the triple combination was observed when the different mutations were expressed in HEK293 cells, supporting the hypothesis that these modulators may act directly on the mutant proteins. Detailed studies in nasal cultures and HEK293 cells showed that the corrector, elexacaftor, exhibited dual activity as both corrector and potentiator, and suggested that the potentiator activity contributes to its pharmacological activity.These pre-clinical studies using nasal epithelial cultures identified mutation genotypes for which elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor may produce clinical responses that are comparable to, or inferior to, those observed for F508del-CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Programme in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarini N A Gunawardena
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Programme in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Programme in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul D W Eckford
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Programme in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine E Bear
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Programme in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada .,Dept of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Phenotyping Rare CFTR Mutations Reveal Functional Expression Defects Restored by TRIKAFTA TM. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040301. [PMID: 33920764 PMCID: PMC8071105 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rare Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) mutations, c.1826A > G (H609R) and c.3067_3072delATAGTG (I1023_V1024del), are associated with severe lung disease. Despite the existence of four CFTR targeted therapies, none have been approved for individuals with these mutations because the associated molecular defects were not known. In this study we examined the consequences of these mutations on protein processing and channel function in HEK293 cells. We found that, similar to F508del, H609R and I1023_V1024del-CFTR exhibited reduced protein processing and altered channel function. Because the I1023_V1024del mutation can be linked with the mutation, I148T, we also examined the protein conferred by transfection of a plasmid bearing both mutations. Interestingly, together with I148T, there was no further reduction in channel function exhibited by I1023-V1024del. Both H609R and I1023_V1024del failed to exhibit significant correction of their functional expression with lumacaftor and ivacaftor. In contrast, the triple modulator combination found in TRIKAFTATM, i.e., tezacaftor, elexacaftor and ivacaftor rescued trafficking and function of both of these mutants. These in-vitro findings suggest that patients harbouring H609R or I1023_V1024del, alone or with I148T, may benefit clinically from treatment with TRIKAFTATM.
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10
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Cafora M, Brix A, Forti F, Loberto N, Aureli M, Briani F, Pistocchi A. Phages as immunomodulators and their promising use as anti-inflammatory agents in a cftr loss-of-function zebrafish model. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:1046-1052. [PMID: 33298374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), one of the most frequent hereditary diseases due to mutations in the CFTR gene, causes mortality in humans mainly due to infection in the respiratory system. However, besides the massive inflammatory response triggered by chronic bacterial infections, a constitutive pro-inflammatory state associated with the most common CFTR mutations has been reported in paediatric cases before the onset of bacterial colonization. In previous works we isolated and characterized a mix of virulent bacteriophages (phage cocktail) able to efficiently counteract Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a zebrafish model with cftr loss-of-function (LOF), but also showing anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish embryos not infected by bacteria. On these premises, in this work we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory role of the phage cocktail both in the wild-type (WT) and hyper-inflamed cftr LOF zebrafish embryos in terms of reduction of pro-inflammatory markers. We also dissect that only the virion proteinaceous components, but not the phage DNA, are responsible for the immune-modulatory effect and that this action is elicited through the activation of the Toll-like Receptor (TLR) pathway. In the cftr LOF zebrafish embryos, we demonstrated that phages injection significantly reduces neutrophil migration following acute inflammatory induction. The elucidation of the molecular interaction between phages and the cells of vertebrate immune system might open new possibility in their manipulation for therapeutic benefits especially in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, characterized by chronic infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cafora
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy; EPIGET LAB, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via San Barnaba 8, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Brix
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Francesca Forti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Federica Briani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy.
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11
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McCarron A, Parsons D, Donnelley M. Animal and Cell Culture Models for Cystic Fibrosis: Which Model Is Right for Your Application? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:228-242. [PMID: 33232694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, a range of cystic fibrosis (CF) animal models have been generated for research purposes. Different species, including mice, rats, ferrets, rabbits, pigs, sheep, zebrafish, and fruit flies, have all been used to model CF disease. While access to such a variety of animal models is a luxury for any research field, it also complicates the decision-making process when it comes to selecting the right model for an investigation. The purpose of this review is to provide a guide for selecting the most appropriate CF animal model for any given application. In this review, the characteristics and phenotypes of each animal model are described, along with a discussion of the key considerations that must be taken into account when choosing a suitable animal model. Available in vitro systems of CF are also described and can offer a useful alternative to using animal models. Finally, the future of CF animal model generation and its use in research are speculated upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McCarron
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - David Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Amaral MD. How to determine the mechanism of action of CFTR modulator compounds: A gateway to theranostics. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112989. [PMID: 33190956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The greatest challenge of 21st century biology is to fully understand mechanisms of disease to drive new approaches and medical innovation. Parallel to this is the huge biomedical endeavour of treating people through personalized medicine. Until now all CFTR modulator drugs that have entered clinical trials have been genotype-dependent. An emerging alternative is personalized/precision medicine in CF, i.e., to determine whether rare CFTR mutations respond to existing (or novel) CFTR modulator drugs by pre-assessing them directly on patient's tissues ex vivo, an approach also now termed theranostics. To administer the right drug to the right person it is essential to understand how drugs work, i.e., to know their mechanism of action (MoA), so as to predict their applicability, not just in certain mutations but also possibly in other diseases that share the same defect/defective pathway. Moreover, an understanding the MoA of a drug before it is tested in clinical trials is the logical path to drug discovery and can increase its chance for success and hence also approval. In conclusion, the most powerful approach to determine the MoA of a compound is to understand the underlying biology. Novel large datasets of intervenients in most biological processes, namely those emerging from the post-genomic era tools, are available and should be used to help in this task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Portugal.
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Laselva O, McCormack J, Bartlett C, Ip W, Gunawardena TNA, Ouyang H, Eckford PDW, Gonska T, Moraes TJ, Bear CE. Preclinical Studies of a Rare CF-Causing Mutation in the Second Nucleotide Binding Domain (c.3700A>G) Show Robust Functional Rescue in Primary Nasal Cultures by Novel CFTR Modulators. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040209. [PMID: 33167369 PMCID: PMC7712331 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination therapies ORKAMBITM and TRIKAFTATM are approved for people who have the F508del mutation on at least one allele. In this study we examine the effects of potentiator and corrector combinations on the rare mutation c.3700A>G. This mutation produces a cryptic splice site that deletes six amino acids in NBD2 (I1234-R1239del). Like F508del it causes protein misprocessing and reduced chloride channel function. We show that a novel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR modulator triple combination (AC1, corrector, AC2-2, co-potentiator and AP2, potentiator), rescued I1234-R1239del-CFTR activity to WT-CFTR level in HEK293 cells. Moreover, we show that although the response to ORKAMBI was modest in nasal epithelial cells from two individuals homozygous for I1234-R1239del-CFTR, a substantial functional rescue was achieved with the novel triple combination. Interestingly, while both the novel CFTR triple combination and TRIKAFTATM treatment showed functional rescue in gene-edited I1234-R1239del-CFTR-expressing HBE cells and in nasal cells from two CF patients heterozygous for I1234-R1239del/W1282X, nasal cells homozygous for I1234-R1239del-CFTR showed no significant response to the TRIKAFTATM combination. These data suggest a potential benefit of CFTR modulators on the functional rescue of I1234-R1239del -CFTR, which arises from the rare CF-causing mutation c.3700A>G, and highlight that patient tissues are crucial to our full understanding of functional rescue in rare CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (O.L.); (J.M.); (T.N.A.G.); (P.D.W.E.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada
| | - Jacqueline McCormack
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (O.L.); (J.M.); (T.N.A.G.); (P.D.W.E.)
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (C.B.); (W.I.); (H.O.); (T.G.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Wan Ip
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (C.B.); (W.I.); (H.O.); (T.G.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Tarini N. A. Gunawardena
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (O.L.); (J.M.); (T.N.A.G.); (P.D.W.E.)
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (C.B.); (W.I.); (H.O.); (T.G.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Paul D. W. Eckford
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (O.L.); (J.M.); (T.N.A.G.); (P.D.W.E.)
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (C.B.); (W.I.); (H.O.); (T.G.); (T.J.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada
| | - Theo J. Moraes
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (C.B.); (W.I.); (H.O.); (T.G.); (T.J.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada
| | - Christine E. Bear
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada; (O.L.); (J.M.); (T.N.A.G.); (P.D.W.E.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 8X4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-816-5981
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Laselva O, Bartlett C, Popa A, Ouyang H, Gunawardena TNA, Gonska T, Moraes TJ, Bear CE. Emerging preclinical modulators developed for F508del-CFTR have the potential to be effective for ORKAMBI resistant processing mutants. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:106-119. [PMID: 32741662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND F508del is prototypical of Class 2 CFTR mutations associated with protein misprocessing and reduced function. Corrector compounds like lumacaftor partially rescue the processing defect of F508del-CFTR whereas potentiators like ivacaftor, enhance its channel activity once trafficked to the cell surface. We asked if emerging modulators developed for F508del-CFTR can rescue Class 2 mutations previously shown to be poorly responsive to lumacaftor and ivacaftor. METHODS Rescue of mutant CFTRs by the correctors: AC1, AC2-1 or AC2-2 and the potentiator, AP2, was studied in HEK-293 cells and in primary human nasal epithelial (HNE) cultures, using a membrane potential assay and Ussing chamber, respectively. RESULTS In HEK-293 cells, we found that a particular combination of corrector molecules (AC1 plus AC2-1) and a potentiator (AP2) was effective in rescuing both the misprocessing and reduced function of M1101K and G85E respectively. These findings were recapitulated in patient-derived nasal cultures, although another corrector combination, AC1 plus AC2-2 also improved misprocessing in these primary tissues. Interestingly, while this corrector combination only led to a modest increase in the abundance of mature N1303K-CFTR it did enable its functional expression in the presence of the potentiator, AP2, in part, because the nominal corrector, AC2-2 also exhibits potentiator activity. CONCLUSIONS Strategic combinations of novel modulators can potentially rescue Class 2 mutants thought to be relatively unresponsive to lumacaftor and ivacaftor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alec Popa
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Tanja Gonska
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christine E Bear
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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The CFTR Mutation c.3453G > C (D1152H) Confers an Anion Selectivity Defect in Primary Airway Tissue that Can Be Rescued by Ivacaftor. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10020040. [PMID: 32414100 PMCID: PMC7354675 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene variant, c.3453G > C (D1152H), is associated with mild Cystic Fibrosis (CF) disease, though there is considerable clinical variability ranging from no detectable symptoms to lung disease with early acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The approval extension of ivacaftor, the first CFTR modulator drug approved, to include D1152H was based on a positive drug response of defective CFTR-D1152H chloride channel function when expressed in FRT cells. Functional analyses of primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNE) from an individual homozygous for D1152H now revealed that while CFTR-D1152H demonstrated normal, wild-type level chloride conductance, its bicarbonate-selective conductance was impaired. Treatment with ivacaftor increased this bicarbonate-selective conductance. Extensive genetic, protein and functional analysis of the nasal cells of this D1152H/D1152H patient revealed a 90% reduction of CFTR transcripts due to the homozygous presence of the 5T polymorphism in the poly-T tract forming a complex allele with D1152H. Thus, we confirm previous observation in patient-derived tissue that 10% normal CFTR transcripts confer normal, wild-type level chloride channel activity. Together, this study highlights the benefit of patient-derived tissues to study the functional expression and pharmacological modulation of CF-causing mutations, in order to understand pathogenesis and therapeutic responses.
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