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Wang X, Li F, Wu S, Xing W, Fu J, Wang R, He Y. Research progress on optimization of in vitro isolation, cultivation and preservation methods of dental pulp stem cells for clinical application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1305614. [PMID: 38633667 PMCID: PMC11021638 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1305614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to high proliferative capacity, multipotent differentiation, immunomodulatory abilities, and lack of ethical concerns, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising candidates for clinical application. Currently, clinical research on DPSCs is in its early stages. The reason for the failure to obtain clinically effective results may be problems with the production process of DPSCs. Due to the different preparation methods and reagent formulations of DPSCs, cell characteristics may be affected and lead to inconsistent experimental results. Preparation of clinical-grade DPSCs is far from ready. To achieve clinical application, it is essential to transit the manufacturing of stem cells from laboratory grade to clinical grade. This review compares and analyzes experimental data on optimizing the preparation methods of DPSCs from extraction to resuscitation, including research articles, invention patents and clinical trials. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods and potential clinical applications are discussed, and factors that could improve the quality of DPSCs for clinical application are proposed. The aim is to summarize the current manufacture of DPSCs in the establishment of a standardized, reliable, safe, and economic method for future preparation of clinical-grade cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenyao Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Xing
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Fu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxuan Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Miron RJ, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 1-Characterization, quantification and isolation techniques. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:231-256. [PMID: 37740431 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with a diameter in the range of 30-150 nm. Their use has gained great momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as diagnostic tools with a vast array of therapeutic applications. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be investigated. This review article first focuses on understanding exosomes, including their cellular origin, biogenesis, function, and characterization. Thereafter, overviews of the quantification methods and isolation techniques are given with discussion over their potential use as novel therapeutics in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Lee DH, Yun DW, Kim YH, Im GB, Hyun J, Park HS, Bhang SH, Choi SH. Various Three-Dimensional Culture Methods and Cell Types for Exosome Production. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:621-635. [PMID: 37269439 PMCID: PMC10313642 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have been used as promising treatments for several untreatable diseases. However, cell-based therapies have side effects such as tumorigenesis and immune responses. To overcome these side effects, therapeutic effects of exosomes have been researched as replacements for cell-based therapies. In addition, exosomes reduced the risk that can be induced by cell-based therapies. Exosomes contain biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that play an essential role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during biological processes. Since the introduction of exosomes, those have been proven perpetually as one of the most effective and therapeutic methods for incurable diseases. Much research has been conducted to enhance the properties of exosomes, including immune regulation, tissue repair, and regeneration. However, yield rate of exosomes is the critical obstacle that should be overcome for practical cell-free therapy. Three-dimensional (3D) culture methods are introduced as a breakthrough to get higher production yields of exosomes. For example, hanging drop and microwell were well known 3D culture methods and easy to use without invasiveness. However, these methods have limitation in mass production of exosomes. Therefore, a scaffold, spinner flask, and fiber bioreactor were introduced for mass production of exosomes isolated from various cell types. Furthermore, exosomes treatments derived from 3D cultured cells showed enhanced cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppressive properties. This review provides therapeutic applications of exosomes using 3D culture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyoun Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Uribe-Etxebarria V, Pineda JR, García-Gallastegi P, Agliano A, Unda F, Ibarretxe G. Notch and Wnt Signaling Modulation to Enhance DPSC Stemness and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087389. [PMID: 37108549 PMCID: PMC10138690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dental Pulp of permanent human teeth is home to stem cells with remarkable multilineage differentiation ability: human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs). These cells display a very notorious expression of pluripotency core factors, and the ability to give rise to mature cell lineages belonging to the three embryonic layers. For these reasons, several researchers in the field have long considered human DPSCs as pluripotent-like cells. Notably, some signaling pathways such as Notch and Wnt contribute to maintaining the stemness of these cells through a complex network involving metabolic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. The use of recombinant proteins and selective pharmacological modulators of Notch and Wnt pathways, together with serum-free media and appropriate scaffolds that allow the maintenance of the non-differentiated state of hDPSC cultures could be an interesting approach to optimize the potency of these stem cells, without a need for genetic modification. In this review, we describe and integrate findings that shed light on the mechanisms responsible for stemness maintenance of hDPSCs, and how these are regulated by Notch/Wnt activation, drawing some interesting parallelisms with pluripotent stem cells. We summarize previous work on the stem cell field that includes interactions between epigenetics, metabolic regulations, and pluripotency core factor expression in hDPSCs and other stem cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Ramon Pineda
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Fundazioa Leioa, Sede Building, 3rd Floor, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia García-Gallastegi
- Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alice Agliano
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Fernando Unda
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Ren S, Lin Y, Liu W, Yang L, Zhao M. MSC-Exos: Important active factor of bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1136453. [PMID: 36814713 PMCID: PMC9939647 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1136453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect and repair is a common but difficult problem in restorative and reconstructive surgery. Bone tissue defects of different sizes caused by different reasons bring functional limitations and cosmetic deformities to patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a major hotspot in the field of regeneration in recent years, have been widely used in various studies on bone tissue regeneration. Numerous studies have shown that the bone regenerative effects of MSC can be achieved through exosome-delivered messages. Although its osteogenic mechanism is still unclear, it is clear that MSC-Exos can directly or indirectly support the action of bone regeneration. It can act directly on various cells associated with osteogenesis, or by carrying substances that affect cellular activators or the local internal environment in target cells, or it can achieve activation of the osteogenic framework by binding to materials. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the types and content of effective contents of MSC-Exos in bone regeneration, as well as recent advances in the currently commonly used methods to enable the binding of MSC-Exos to the framework and to conclude that MSC-Exos is effective in promoting osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Ren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Yuyang Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenyue Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China,Department of Biomaterials, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Liqun Yang, ; Muxin Zhao,
| | - Muxin Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Liqun Yang, ; Muxin Zhao,
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Chemically Defined Conditions Mediate an Efficient Induction of Dental Pulp Pluripotent-Like Stem Cells into Hepatocyte-Like Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5212852. [PMID: 34795766 PMCID: PMC8593589 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5212852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Dental pulp pluripotent-like stem cells (DPPSCs) are of a considerable promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as a new source of tissue-specific cells; therefore, this study is aimed at demonstrating their ability to generate functional hepatocyte-like cells in vitro. Cells were differentiated on a collagen scaffold in serum-free media supplemented with growth factors and cytokines to recapitulate liver development. At day 5, the differentiated DPPSC cells expressed the endodermal markers FOXA1 and FOXA2. Then, the cells were derived into the hepatic lineage generating hepatocyte-like cells. In addition to the associated morphological changes, the cells expressed the hepatic genes HNF6 and AFP. The terminally differentiated hepatocyte-like cells expressed the liver functional proteins albumin and CYP3A4. In this study, we report an efficient serum-free protocol to differentiate DPPSCs into functional hepatocyte-like cells. Our approach promotes the use of DPPSCs as a new source of adult stem cells for prospective use in liver regenerative medicine.
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Al Madhoun A, Sindhu S, Haddad D, Atari M, Ahmad R, Al-Mulla F. Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived From Adult Human Third Molar Tooth: A Brief Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717624. [PMID: 34712658 PMCID: PMC8545885 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of regenerative medicine and stem cell-based tissue engineering have the potential of treating numerous tissue and organ defects. The use of adult stem cells is of particular interest when it comes to dynamic applications in translational medicine. Recently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been traced in third molars of adult humans. DPSCs have been isolated and characterized by several groups. DPSCs have promising characteristics including self-renewal capacity, rapid proliferation, colony formation, multi-lineage differentiation, and pluripotent gene expression profile. Nevertheless, genotypic, and phenotypic heterogeneities have been reported for DPSCs subpopulations which may influence their therapeutic potentials. The underlying causes of DPSCs’ heterogeneity remain poorly understood; however, their heterogeneity emerges as a consequence of an interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic cellular factors. The main objective of the manuscript is to review the current literature related to the human DPSCs derived from the third molar, with a focus on their physiological properties, isolation procedures, culture conditions, self-renewal, proliferation, lineage differentiation capacities and their prospective advances use in pre-clinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.,Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Maher Atari
- Biointelligence Technology Systems S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
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Feng ZY, Zhang QY, Tan J, Xie HQ. Techniques for increasing the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes: what factors may be involved? SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:1325-1341. [PMID: 34637101 PMCID: PMC8506103 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-scale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and constitute an important part in the cell-cell communication. The main contents of the exosomes include proteins, microRNAs, and lipids. The mechanism and safety of stem cell-derived exosomes have rendered them a promising therapeutic strategy for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, limited yield has restrained full explication of their functions and clinical applications To address this, various attempts have been made to explore the up- and down-stream manipulations in a bid to increase the production of exosomes. This review has recapitulated factors which may influence the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes, including selection and culture of stem cells, isolation and preservation of the exosomes, and development of artificial exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Feng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing-Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Periodontal and Dental Pulp Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of the Current Status. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071858. [PMID: 34361246 PMCID: PMC8308278 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound lipid particles that are secreted by all cell types and function as cell-to-cell communicators through their cargos of protein, nucleic acid, lipids, and metabolites, which are derived from their parent cells. There is limited information on the isolation and the emerging therapeutic role of periodontal and dental pulp cell-derived small EVs (sEVs, <200 nm, or exosome). In this review, we discuss the biogenesis of three EV subtypes (sEVs, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies) and the emerging role of sEVs from periodontal ligament (stem) cells, gingival fibroblasts (or gingival mesenchymal stem cells) and dental pulp cells, and their therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo. A review of the relevant methodology found that precipitation-based kits and ultracentrifugation are the two most common methods to isolate periodontal (dental pulp) cell sEVs. Periodontal (and pulp) cell sEVs range in size, from 40 nm to 2 μm, due to a lack of standardized isolation protocols. Nevertheless, our review found that these EVs possess anti-inflammatory, osteo/odontogenic, angiogenic and immunomodulatory functions in vitro and in vivo, via reported EV cargos of EV–miRNAs, EV–circRNAs, EV–mRNAs and EV–lncRNAs. This review highlights the considerable therapeutic potential of periodontal and dental pulp cell-derived sEVs in various regenerative applications.
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Chan YH, Lee YC, Hung CY, Yang PJ, Lai PC, Feng SW. Three-dimensional Spheroid Culture Enhances Multipotent Differentiation and Stemness Capacities of Human Dental Pulp-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating MAPK and NF-kB Signaling Pathways. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1810-1826. [PMID: 33893620 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) culture of mesenchymal stem cells has become an important research and development topic. However, comprehensive analysis of human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs) in 3D-spheroid culture remains unexplored. Thus, we evaluated the cellular characteristics, multipotent differentiation, gene expression, and related-signal transduction pathways of DPSCs in 3D-spheroid culture via magnetic levitation (3DM), compared with 2D-monolayer (2D) and 3D-aggregate (3D) cultures. METHODS The gross morphology and cellular ultrastructure were observed in the 2D, 3D, and 3DM experimental groups using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Surface markers and trilineage differentiation were evaluated using flow cytometry and staining analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining (IF) were performed to investigate the expression of differentiation and stemness markers. Signaling transduction pathways were evaluated using western blot analysis. RESULTS The morphology of cell aggregates and spheroids was largely influenced by the types of cell culture plates and initial cell seeding density. SEM and TEM experiments confirmed that the solid and firm structure of spheroids was quickly formed in the 3DM-medium without damaging cells. In addition, these three groups all expressed multilineage differentiation capabilities and surface marker expression. The trilineage differentiation capacities of the 3DM-group were significantly superior to the 2D and 3D-groups. The osteogenesis, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and stemness-related genes were significantly enhanced in the 3D and 3DM-groups. The IF analysis showed that the extracellular matrix expression, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis proteins of the 3DM-group were significantly higher than those in the 2D and 3D-groups. Finally, 3DM-culture significantly activated the MAPK and NF-kB signaling transduction pathways and ameliorated the apoptosis effects of 3D-culture. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that 3DM-spheroids efficiently enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chan
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hung
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Ju Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chuang Lai
- Department of Diagnosis and Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Faruqu FN, Liam‐Or R, Zhou S, Nip R, Al‐Jamal KT. Defined serum-free three-dimensional culture of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells yields exosomes that promote fibroblast proliferation and migration in vitro. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21206. [PMID: 33368666 PMCID: PMC7986687 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001768rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived exosomes are emerging as novel and clinically relevant cell-free therapeutics for regenerative therapy. This work focused on investigating the stimulation of fibroblasts by exosomes derived from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ucMSC) in a defined serum-free three-dimensional (3D) culture. 3D culture of ucMSC was carried out in medium supplemented with KnockOut serum replacement (KO-medium) using the Aggrewell system. ucMSC in KO-medium formed spheroids with maintained size and integrity throughout culture. This enabled the isolation of vesicles from ucMSC spheroids in KO-medium with sizes that fall within the exosomal size range and were positive for the expression of canonical exosomal markers CD63, CD9, CD81, Alix, and TSG101. The ucMSC-derived exosomes (ExoucMSC ) were shown to significantly increase the migration and proliferation of murine fibroblasts in vitro. To conclude, 3D culture of ucMSC in defined serum-free KO-medium formed viable spheroids which enabled the isolation of ExoucMSC with the potential of accelerating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid N. Faruqu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Revadee Liam‐Or
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rebecca Nip
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
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