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Zaarour RF, Ribeiro M, Azzarone B, Kapoor S, Chouaib S. Tumor microenvironment-induced tumor cell plasticity: relationship with hypoxic stress and impact on tumor resistance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222575. [PMID: 37886168 PMCID: PMC10598765 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of tumor interaction with stromal components during carcinogenesis is crucial for the design of efficient cancer treatment approaches. It is widely admitted that tumor hypoxic stress is associated with tumor aggressiveness and thus impacts susceptibility and resistance to different types of treatments. Notable biological processes that hypoxia functions in include its regulation of tumor heterogeneity and plasticity. While hypoxia has been reported as a major player in tumor survival and dissemination regulation, the significance of hypoxia inducible factors in cancer stem cell development remains poorly understood. Several reports indicate that the emergence of cancer stem cells in addition to their phenotype and function within a hypoxic tumor microenvironment impacts cancer progression. In this respect, evidence showed that cancer stem cells are key elements of intratumoral heterogeneity and more importantly are responsible for tumor relapse and escape to treatments. This paper briefly reviews our current knowledge of the interaction between tumor hypoxic stress and its role in stemness acquisition and maintenance. Our review extensively covers the influence of hypoxia on the formation and maintenance of cancer stem cells and discusses the potential of targeting hypoxia-induced alterations in the expression and function of the so far known stem cell markers in cancer therapy approaches. We believe that a better and integrated understanding of the effect of hypoxia on stemness during carcinogenesis might lead to new strategies for exploiting hypoxia-associated pathways and their targeting in the clinical setting in order to overcome resistance mechanisms. More importantly, at the present time, efforts are oriented towards the design of innovative therapeutical approaches that specifically target cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- RF. Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Ribeiro
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - B. Azzarone
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Kapoor
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - S. Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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2
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Borlongan MC, Wang H. Profiling and targeting cancer stem cell signaling pathways for cancer therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1125174. [PMID: 37305676 PMCID: PMC10247984 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1125174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation of cells within the tumor that express genetic and phenotypic profiles and signaling pathways distinct from the other tumor cells. CSCs have eluded many conventional anti-oncogenic treatments, resulting in metastases and relapses of cancers. Effectively targeting CSCs' unique self-renewal and differentiation properties would be a breakthrough in cancer therapy. A better characterization of the CSCs' unique signaling mechanisms will improve our understanding of the pathology and treatment of cancer. In this paper, we will discuss CSC origin, followed by an in-depth review of CSC-associated signaling pathways. Particular emphasis is given on CSC signaling pathways' ligand-receptor engagement, upstream and downstream mechanisms, and associated genes, and molecules. Signaling pathways associated with regulation of CSC development stand as potential targets of CSC therapy, which include Wnt, TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β)/SMAD, Notch, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription), Hedgehog (Hh), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Lastly, we will also discuss milestone discoveries in CSC-based therapies, including pre-clinical and clinical studies featuring novel CSC signaling pathway cancer therapeutics. This review aims at generating innovative views on CSCs toward a better understanding of cancer pathology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C. Borlongan
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Science College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Science College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA, United States
- Department of Basic Science College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, United States
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3
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Cai J, Wang Y, Wang X, Ai Z, Li T, Pu X, Yang X, Yao Y, He J, Cheng SY, Yu T, Liu C, Yue S. AMPK attenuates SHH subgroup medulloblastoma growth and metastasis by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:15. [PMID: 36683064 PMCID: PMC9867863 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors. Metastasis and relapse are the leading causes of death in MB patients. The initiation of the SHH subgroup of MB (SHH-MB) is due to the aberrant activation of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling. However, the mechanisms for its metastasis are still unknown. RESULTS AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) restrains the activation of Shh signaling pathway, thereby impeding the proliferation of SHH-MB cells. More importantly, AMPK also hinders the growth and metastasis of SHH-MB cells by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, Vismodegib and TPCA-1, which block the Shh and NF-κB pathways, respectively, synergistically restrained the growth, migration, and invasion of SHH-MB cells. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that AMPK functions through two signaling pathways, SHH-GLI1 and NF-κB. AMPK-NF-κB axis is a potential target for molecular therapy of SHH-MB, and the combinational blockade of NF-κB and Shh pathways confers synergy for SHH-MB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yue Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- grid.452511.6Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Zihe Ai
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Tianyuan Li
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Xiaohong Pu
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Departments of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Xin Yang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yixing Yao
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Suzhou, 215200 China
| | - Junping He
- grid.452511.6Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Steven Y. Cheng
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Tingting Yu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Chen Liu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Shen Yue
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
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Chen J, Ou Q, Wang Z, Liu Y, Hu S, Liu Y, Tian H, Xu J, Gao F, Lu L, Jin C, Xu GT, Cui HP. Small-Molecule Induction Promotes Corneal Endothelial Cell Differentiation From Human iPS Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:788987. [PMID: 34976977 PMCID: PMC8714889 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.788987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) serve as a barrier and foothold for the corneal stroma to maintain the function and transparency of the cornea. Loss of CECs during aging or disease states leads to blindness, and cell replacement therapy using either donated or artificially differentiated CECs remains the only curative approach. Methods: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that were cultured in chemically defined medium were induced with dual-SMAD inhibition to differentiate into neural crest cells (NCCs). A small-molecule library was screened to differentiate the NCCs into corneal endothelial-like cells. The characteristics of these cells were identified with real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Western blotting was applied to detect the signaling pathways and key factors regulated by the small molecules. Results: We developed an effective protocol to differentiate hiPSCs into CECs with defined small molecules. The hiPSC-CECs were characterized by ZO-1, AQP1, Vimentin and Na+/K+-ATPase. Based on our small-molecule screen, we identified a small-molecule combination, A769662 and AT13148, that enabled the most efficient production of CECs. The combination of A769662 and AT13148 upregulated the PKA/AKT signaling pathway, FOXO1 and PITX2 to promote the conversion of NCCs to CECs. Conclusion: We established an efficient small molecule-based method to differentiate hiPSCs into corneal endothelial-like cells, which might facilitate drug discovery and the development of cell-based therapies for corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeilan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Ping Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors against Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113135. [PMID: 34831357 PMCID: PMC8619966 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the hedgehog (HH) pathway to treat aggressive cancers of the brain, breast, pancreas, and prostate has been ongoing for decades. Gli gene amplifications have been long discovered within malignant glioma patients, and since then, inhibitors against HH pathway-associated molecules have successfully reached the clinical stage where several of them have been approved by the FDA. Albeit this success rate implies suitable progress, clinically used HH pathway inhibitors fail to treat patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. This is mainly due to heterogeneous tumor cells that have acquired resistance to the inhibitors along with the obstacle of effectively targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME). Severe side effects such as hyponatremia, diarrhea, fatigue, amenorrhea, nausea, hair loss, abnormal taste, and weight loss have also been reported. Furthermore, HH signaling is known to be involved in the regulation of immune cell maturation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and polarization of macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. It is critical to determine key mechanisms that can be targeted at different levels of tumor development and progression to address various clinical issues. Hence current research focus encompasses understanding how HH controls TME to develop TME altering and combinatorial targeting strategies. In this review, we aim to discuss the pros and cons of targeting HH signaling molecules, understand the mechanism involved in treatment resistance, reveal the role of the HH pathway in anti-tumor immune response, and explore the development of potential combination treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors with HH pathway inhibitors to target HH-driven cancers.
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