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Bu L, Ma X, Ji A, Geng K, Feng H, Li L, Zhang A, Cheng Z. Development of a novel 18F-labeled small molecule probe for PET imaging of mesenchymal epithelial transition receptor expression. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:656-668. [PMID: 37940685 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is frequently overexpressed in numerous cancers and has served as a validated anticancer target. Inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of c-Met, however, challenges the use of anti-MET therapies, highlighting an urgent need to develop an alternative tool for visualizing whole-body c-Met expression quantitatively and noninvasively. Here we firstly reported an 18F labeled, small-molecule quinine compound-based PET probe, 1-(4-(5-amino-7-(trifluoromethyl) quinolin-3-yl) piperazin-1-yl)-2-(fluoro-[18F]) propan-1-one, herein referred as [18F]-AZC. METHODS [18F]-AZC was synthesized via a one-step substitution reaction and characterized by radiochemistry methods. [18F]-AZC specificity and affinity toward c-Met were assessed by cell uptake assay, with or without cold compound [19F]-AZC or commercial c-Met inhibitor blocking. MicroPET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted in subcutaneous murine xenografts of glioma. Additionally, [18F]-AZC was then further evaluated in orthotopic glioma xenografts, by microPET/CT imaging accompanied with MRI and autoradiography for co-registration of the tumor. Immunofluorescence staining was also carried out to qualitatively evaluate the c-Met expression in tumor tissue, co-localizes with H&E staining. RESULTS This probe shows easy radiosynthesis, high stability in vitro and in vivo, high targeting affinity, and favorable lipophilicity and brain transport coefficient. [18F]-AZC demonstrates excellent tumor imaging properties in vivo and can delineate c-Met positive glioma specifically at 1 h after intravenous injection of the probe. Moreover, favorable correlation was observed between the [18F]-AZC accumulation and the amount of c-Met expression in tumor. CONCLUSION This novel imaging probe could be applied as a valuable tool for management of anti-c-Met therapies in patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Bu
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- PET-CT Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kaijun Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongyan Feng
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Li
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, Shandong, China.
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Sanati M, Afshari AR, Amini J, Mollazadeh H, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Targeting angiogenesis in gliomas: Potential role of phytochemicals. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Azhie A, Grant RC, Herman M, Wang L, Knox JJ, Bhat M. Phase II clinical trial of cabozantinib for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2173-2191. [PMID: 35287469 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in 15-20% of liver transplant recipients, and it tends to be more aggressive due to underlying immunosuppression. The multikinase inhibitor cabozantinib has been shown to be effective for the treatment of advanced HCC. However, there is no study evaluating this medication in patients with recurrent HCC. Adult patients with measurable biopsy-proven recurrent HCC are eligible for enrollment provided they are not amenable to curative treatments and no prior treatment with cabozantinib. In this study, 60 mg once daily cabozantinib will be administered orally. Participants will receive study treatment as long as they continue to experience clinical benefit or until there is unacceptable toxicity. Tumor measurements will be repeated every 8 weeks to evaluate response. The primary end point of this study will be the disease control rate at 4 months after treatment. The secondary end points will be overall survival, progression-free survival and safety profile of cabozantinib. Furthermore, potential biomarkers will be evaluated to identify their role in tumor progression. The total duration of this trial is expected to be 3 years. We anticipate that this trial will show the effectiveness and safety of cabozantinib in the treatment of post-liver transplant recurrent HCC. Cabozantinib is expected to be an effective treatment due to its activity against many protein kinases, including MET and AXL which are not inhibited by sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Azhie
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert C Grant
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Michael Herman
- Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Oakville, Ontario, L6M 0L8, Canada
| | - Lisa Wang
- Biostatistics Division, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jennifer J Knox
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2N2, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Grundy M, Narendran A. The hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal epithelial transition factor axis in high-risk pediatric solid tumors and the anti-tumor activity of targeted therapeutic agents. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:910268. [PMID: 36034555 PMCID: PMC9399617 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.910268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials completed in the last two decades have contributed significantly to the improved overall survival of children with cancer. In spite of these advancements, disease relapse still remains a significant cause of death in this patient population. Often, increasing the intensity of current protocols is not feasible because of cumulative toxicity and development of drug resistance. Therefore, the identification and clinical validation of novel targets in high-risk and refractory childhood malignancies are essential to develop effective new generation treatment protocols. A number of recent studies have shown that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) influence the growth, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore, the c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase and HGF have been identified as potential targets for cancer therapeutics and recent years have seen a race to synthesize molecules to block their expression and function. In this review we aim to summarize the literature that explores the potential and biological rationale for targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway in common and high-risk pediatric solid tumors. We also discuss selected recent and ongoing clinical trials with these agents in relapsed pediatric tumors that may provide applicable future treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Grundy
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Targeting HGF/c-Met Axis Decreases Circulating Regulatory T Cells Accumulation in Gastric Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215562. [PMID: 34771724 PMCID: PMC8583551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Restoring an effective immune response is the key goal of immunotherapy. One of the major mechanisms of tumor-induced immunosuppression is regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulation. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo analysis, we assessed the impact of the HGF/c-Met pathway, involved notably in tumor angiogenesis, on Treg accumulation in patients with gastric cancer. First, we reported that c-Met is expressed on circulating monocytes of gastric cancer patients and this expression seems to be associated with the worst outcome. Secondly, during in vitro cultures, c-Met+ monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties able to induce the proliferation of Treg. Finally, rilotumumab, an anti-HGF antibody, decreases the percentage of circulating Treg in gastric cancer patients. Using HGF/c-Met inhibitors to partially reverse immunosuppression could lead to the development of new treatment associations, for example with immune checkpoint blockers. Abstract Elucidating mechanisms involved in tumor-induced immunosuppression is of great interest since it could help to improve cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Here we show that Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), a pro-tumoral and proangiogenic factor, and its receptor c-Met are involved in regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulation in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer (GC) patients. We observed that c-Met is expressed on circulating monocytes from GC patients. The elevated expression on monocytes is associated with clinical parameters linked to an aggressive disease phenotype and correlates with a worse prognosis. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from GC patients differentiated in the presence of HGF adopt a regulatory phenotype with a lower expression of co-stimulatory molecules, impaired maturation capacities, and an increased ability to produce interleukin-10 and to induce Treg differentiation in vitro. In the MEGA-ACCORD20-PRODIGE17 trial, GC patients received an anti-HGF antibody treatment (rilotumumab), which had been described to have an anti-angiogenic activity by decreasing proliferation of endothelial cells and tube formation. Rilotumumab decreased circulating Treg in GC patients. Thus, we identified that HGF indirectly triggers Treg accumulation via c-Met-expressing monocytes in the peripheral blood of GC patients. Our study provides arguments for potential alternative use of HGF/c-Met targeted therapies based on their immunomodulatory properties which could lead to the development of new therapeutic associations in cancer patients, for example with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Biomembrane-based nanostructures for cancer targeting and therapy: From synthetic liposomes to natural biomembranes and membrane-vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113974. [PMID: 34530015 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The translational success of liposomes in chemotherapeutics has already demonstrated the great potential of biomembrane-based nanostructure in effective drug delivery. Meanwhile, increasing efforts are being dedicated to the application of naturally derived lipid membranes, including cellular membranes and extracellular vesicles in anti-cancer therapies. While synthetic liposomes support superior multifunctional flexibility, natural biomembrane materials possess interesting biomimetic properties and can also be further engineered for intelligent design. Despite being remarkably different from each other in production and composition, the phospholipid bilayer structure in common allows liposomes, cell membrane-derived nanomaterials, and extracellular vesicles to be modified, functionalized, and exploited in many similar manners against challenges posed by tumor-targeted drug delivery. This review will summarize the recent advancements in engineering the membrane-derived nanostructures with "intelligent" modules to respond, regulate, and target tumor cells and the microenvironment to fight against malignancy. We will also discuss perspectives of combining engineered functionalities with naturally occurring activity for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Birzu C, French P, Caccese M, Cerretti G, Idbaih A, Zagonel V, Lombardi G. Recurrent Glioblastoma: From Molecular Landscape to New Treatment Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E47. [PMID: 33375286 PMCID: PMC7794906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive form among malignant central nervous system primary tumors in adults. Standard treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma consists in maximal safe resection, if feasible, followed by radiochemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide; despite this multimodal treatment, virtually all glioblastomas relapse. Once tumors progress after first-line therapy, treatment options are limited and management of recurrent glioblastoma remains challenging. Loco-regional therapy with re-surgery or re-irradiation may be evaluated in selected cases, while traditional systemic therapy with nitrosoureas and temozolomide rechallenge showed limited efficacy. In recent years, new clinical trials using, for example, regorafenib or a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy were performed with promising results. In particular, molecular targeted therapy could show efficacy in selected patients with specific gene mutations. Nonetheless, some molecular characteristics and genetic alterations could change during tumor progression, thus affecting the efficacy of precision medicine. We therefore reviewed the molecular and genomic landscape of recurrent glioblastoma, the strategy for clinical management and the major phase I-III clinical trials analyzing recent drugs and combination regimens in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Birzu
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière—Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Pim French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mario Caccese
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata 54, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (G.C.); (V.Z.)
| | - Giulia Cerretti
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata 54, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (G.C.); (V.Z.)
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière—Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata 54, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (G.C.); (V.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Lombardi
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, via Gattamelata 54, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (G.C.); (V.Z.)
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HGF/MET Signaling in Malignant Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207546. [PMID: 33066121 PMCID: PMC7590206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ligand and its receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) are important regulators of cellular processes such as proliferation, motility, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. In healthy adult somatic cells, this ligand and receptor pair is expressed at low levels and has little activity except when tissue injuries arise. In cancer cells, HGF/MET are often overexpressed, and this overexpression is found to correlate with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and poorer overall prognosis. This review focuses on the signaling of these molecules in the context of malignant brain tumors. RTK signaling pathways are among the most common and universally dysregulated pathways in gliomas. We focus on the role of HGF/MET in the following primary malignant brain tumors: astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, and embryonal central nervous system tumors (including medulloblastomas and others). Brain metastasis, as well as current advances in targeted therapies, are also discussed.
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Ahir BK, Engelhard HH, Lakka SS. Tumor Development and Angiogenesis in Adult Brain Tumor: Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2461-2478. [PMID: 32152825 PMCID: PMC7170819 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the growth of new capillaries from the preexisting blood vessels. Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly vascularized tumors, and glioma growth depends on the formation of new blood vessels. Angiogenesis is a complex process involving proliferation, migration, and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) under the stimulation of specific signals. It is controlled by the balance between its promoting and inhibiting factors. Various angiogenic factors and genes have been identified that stimulate glioma angiogenesis. Therefore, attention has been directed to anti-angiogenesis therapy in which glioma proliferation is inhibited by inhibiting the formation of new tumor vessels using angiogenesis inhibitory factors and drugs. Here, in this review, we highlight and summarize the various molecular mediators that regulate GBM angiogenesis with focus on recent clinical research on the potential of exploiting angiogenic pathways as a strategy in the treatment of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh K Ahir
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Herbert H Engelhard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sajani S Lakka
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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MET targeting: time for a rematch. Oncogene 2020; 39:2845-2862. [PMID: 32034310 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MET, the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) for hepatocyte growth factor, is a proto-oncogene involved in embryonic development and throughout life in homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Deregulation of MET signaling has been reported in numerous malignancies, prompting great interest in MET targeting for cancer therapy. The present review offers a summary of the biology of MET and its known functions in normal physiology and carcinogenesis, followed by an overview of the most relevant MET-targeting strategies and corresponding clinical trials, highlighting both past setbacks and promising future prospects. By placing their efforts on a more precise stratification strategy through the genetic analysis of tumors, modern trials such as the NCI-MATCH trial could revive the past enthusiasm for MET-targeted therapy.
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van den Bent M, Azaro A, De Vos F, Sepulveda J, Yung WKA, Wen PY, Lassman AB, Joerger M, Tabatabai G, Rodon J, Tiedt R, Zhao S, Kirsilae T, Cheng Y, Vicente S, Balbin OA, Zhang H, Wick W. A Phase Ib/II, open-label, multicenter study of INC280 (capmatinib) alone and in combination with buparlisib (BKM120) in adult patients with recurrent glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2020; 146:79-89. [PMID: 31776899 PMCID: PMC6938467 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or identify the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D) for combined INC280 and buparlisib in patients with recurrent glioblastoma with homozygous phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion, mutation or protein loss. METHODS This multicenter, open-label, Phase Ib/II study included adult patients with glioblastoma with mesenchymal-epithelial transcription factor (c-Met) amplification. In Phase Ib, patients received INC280 as capsules or tablets in combination with buparlisib. In Phase II, patients received INC280 only. Response was assessed centrally using Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology response criteria for high-grade gliomas. All adverse events (AEs) were recorded and graded. RESULTS 33 patients entered Phase Ib, 32 with altered PTEN. RP2D was not declared due to potential drug-drug interactions, which may have resulted in lack of efficacy; thus, Phase II, including 10 patients, was continued with INC280 monotherapy only. Best response was stable disease in 30% of patients. In the selected patient population, enrollment was halted due to limited activity with INC280 monotherapy. In Phase Ib, the most common treatment-related AEs were fatigue (36.4%), nausea (30.3%) and increased alanine aminotransferase (30.3%). MTD was identified at INC280 Tab 300 mg twice daily + buparlisib 80 mg once daily. In Phase II, the most common AEs were headache (40.0%), constipation (30.0%), fatigue (30.0%) and increased lipase (30.0%). CONCLUSION The combination of INC280/buparlisib resulted in no clear activity in patients with recurrent PTEN-deficient glioblastoma. More stringent molecular selection strategies might produce better outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01870726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin van den Bent
- Erasmus University Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Analia Azaro
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit (UITM), Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filip De Vos
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B Lassman
- Department of Neurology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research & Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Sylvia Zhao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yi Cheng
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Shanghai, China
| | | | - O Alejandro Balbin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (United States), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hefei Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Shanghai, China
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wang HY, Gao HQ. Reduction of miR-212 contributes to pituitary adenoma cell invasion via targeting c-Met. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 36:81-88. [PMID: 31643121 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the expression and role of miR-212 in the progression of pituitary adenoma (PA), thereby providing a theoretical basis and potential therapy methods for PA patients. Our data showed that miR-212 levels were significantly reduced in PA tissues than normal pituitary tissues. However, no significant difference was identified in the serum of PA patients and healthy control. In addition, the expression of miR-212 in invasive PA was significantly lower than that in noninvasive and normal pituitary tissues. Moreover, the level of miR-212 was decreased with the increase of tumor invasion. Meanwhile, the expression of miR-212 in giant adenomas was significantly lower than that in macroadenomas and microadenomas. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-212 significantly enhanced the proliferation and invasive capacity of GH3 cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis confirmed that c-Met was a target gene of miR-212. More importantly, upregulation of c-Met significantly prompted PA cell proliferation mainly as a result of the enhanced level of phosphorylation of AKT. This effect could be abolished when c-Met was silenced in GH3 cells. In summary, reduced miR-212 expression in PA contributed to abnormal cancer cell proliferation and invasion mainly by targeting c-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huai-Qing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
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MET Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer: From the Bench to the Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101404. [PMID: 31547040 PMCID: PMC6827355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer. The different systemic treatment approaches attempted in the last 35 years have not improved overall survival in the advanced stage. Targeted therapies assessed in clinical trials have failed to show efficacy against SCLC. Within the potentially interesting targets, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) pathway activation is associated with worse survival and chemoresistance in SCLC. Preclinical data suggest that the inhibition of the MET pathway can revert chemoresistance and prevent tumor growth. Recently, immunotherapy has shown modest but relevant activity in SCLC. Interestingly, MET modulation seems to be involved in increasing the efficacy of standard checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical data of MET inhibition in SCLC, and the role of this pathway in the immune response.
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Rashed WM. C-MET as a potential target therapy toward personalized therapy in some pediatric tumors: An overview. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 131:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Xia GS, Li SH, Zhou W. Isoquercitrin, ingredients in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, inhibits hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced tumor cell migration and invasion. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 12:464-471. [PMID: 29741444 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1473664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor, Met, is involved in the development and progression of many human cancers. In the screening assay of extracts from the root tuber of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, isoquercitrin inhibited HGF/SF-Met signaling as indicated by its inhibitory activity on HGF/SF-induced cell scattering. Further analysis revealed that isoquercitrin specifically inhibited HGF/SF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Met. We also found that isoquercitrin decreased HGF-induced migration and invasion by parental or HGF/SF-transfected bladder carcinoma cell line NBT-II cells. Furthermore, isoquercitrin inhibited HGF/SF-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in vitro and the invasion/metastasis of HGF/SF-transfected NBT-II cells in vivo. Our data suggest the possible use of isoquercitrin in human cancers associated with dysregulated HGF/SF-Met signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Shou Xia
- a Department of Ecology , Lishui University , Lishui , Zhejiang , China
| | - Shu-Hong Li
- b Department of Medicine and Health , Lishui University , Lishui , Zhejiang , China
| | - Wu Zhou
- b Department of Medicine and Health , Lishui University , Lishui , Zhejiang , China
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16
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The multiple paths towards MET receptor addiction in cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:3200-3215. [PMID: 29551767 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies against receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are currently used with success on a small proportion of patients displaying clear oncogene activation. Lung cancers with a mutated EGFR provide a good illustration. The efficacy of targeted treatments relies on oncogene addiction, a situation in which the growth or survival of the cancer cells depends on a single deregulated oncogene. MET, a member of the RTK family, is a promising target because it displays many deregulations in a broad panel of cancers. Although clinical trials having evaluated MET inhibitors in large populations have yielded disappointing results, many recent case reports suggest that MET inhibition may be effective in a subset of patients with unambiguous MET activation and thus, most probably, oncogene addiction. Interestingly, preclinical studies have revealed a particularity of MET addiction: it can arise through several mechanisms, and the mechanism involved can differ according to the cancer type. The present review describes the different mechanisms of MET addiction and their consequences for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Although in each cancer type MET addiction affects a restricted number of patients, pooling of these patients across all cancer types yields a targetable population liable to benefit from addiction-targeting therapies.
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Goodwin CR, Rath P, Oyinlade O, Lopez H, Mughal S, Xia S, Li Y, Kaur H, Zhou X, Ahmed AK, Ho S, Olivi A, Lal B. Crizotinib and erlotinib inhibits growth of c-Met +/EGFRvIII + primary human glioblastoma xenografts. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 171:26-33. [PMID: 29803091 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), such as c-Met and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are implicated in the malignant progression of glioblastoma. Studies show that RTK systems can co-modulate distinct and overlapping oncogenic downstream signaling pathways. EGFRvIII, a constitutively activated EGFR deletion mutant variant, leads to increased tumor growth and diminishes the tumor growth response to HGF: c-Met pathway inhibitor therapy. Conversely, activation of the c-Met pathway diminishes the tumor growth response to EGFR pathway inhibitors. Previously we reported that EGFRvIII and c-Met pathway inhibitors synergize to inhibit tumor growth in isogenic GBM cell lines engineered to express EGFRvIII. More recently, studies suggest that despite targeting RTK signaling in glioblastoma multiforme, a subpopulation of stem-like tumor-propagating cells can persist to replenish the tumor cell population leading to tumor recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Mayo 39 and Mayo 59 xenograft lines were cultured and xenografts were maintained. Subcutaneous xenograft lines were serially passaged in nude mice to generate subcutaneous xenografts. Xenografts were implanted in 6-8 week old nude mice. Once tumors reached a substantial size (150 mm3), mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) control vehicle, 2) Crizotinib (crizo), 3) Erlotinib (erlot), or 4) Crizotinib + Erlotinib, (n = 5 per group). RESULTS Crizotinib (c-Met pathway inhibitor) and Erlotinib (EGFR pathway inhibitor) in combination significantly inhibited tumor growth, phospho-EGFRvIII, phospho-Met, phospho-AKT, phospho-MAPK, and neurosphere growth in Mayo 39 and Mayo 59 primary GBM subcutaneous xenografts. The expression of the stem cell markers Nestin, Musashi, Olig 2 and Sox2 were also significantly down-regulated by c-Met inhibition, but no additive down-regulation was seen by co-treatment with Erlotinib. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with and corroborate our previous findings demonstrating that targeting these two parallel pathways with c-Met and EGFR inhibitor therapy provides substantial anti-tumor activity in glioblastoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States; Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Prakash Rath
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States; Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Olutobi Oyinlade
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States
| | - Hernando Lopez
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Salman Mughal
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States
| | - Shuli Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States; Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yunqing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States
| | - Harsharan Kaur
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States
| | - A Karim Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sandra Ho
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bachchu Lal
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., United States; Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Geller JI, Perentesis JP, Liu X, Minard CG, Kudgus RA, Reid JM, Fox E, Blaney SM, Weigel BJ. A phase 1 study of the c-Met inhibitor, tivantinib (ARQ197) in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors: A Children's Oncology Group study phase 1 and pilot consortium trial (ADVL1111). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64:10.1002/pbc.26565. [PMID: 28449393 PMCID: PMC5657151 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase is dysregulated in many pediatric cancers. Tivantinib is an oral small molecule that inhibits the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase. A phase 1 and pharmacokinetic (PK) trial evaluating tivantinib was conducted in children with relapsed/refractory solid tumors. METHODS Oral tivantinib capsules were administered twice daily with food, continuously in 28-day cycles. Dose levels 170, 200, and 240 mg/m2 /dose were evaluated using a rolling-six design (Part A). In Part B, subjects received tivantinib powder sprinkled on food at the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) from Part A. PK, CYP2C19 genotyping, and baseline tumor tissue c-Met expression were analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were enrolled: 20 in Part A, 6 in a PK expansion cohort, and 10 in Part B. Fifteen patients had primary central nervous system tumors and 21 had solid tumors. In Part A, there were no dose-limiting toxicities. One grade 4 intracranial hemorrhage occurred in a patient with a progressive brain tumor in the expanded PK cohort (240 mg/m2 ). PK analysis showed marked interpatient variability (20-fold) in the Cmax and AUC0-8h across all dose levels. Sprinkling tivantinib powder over food did not alter exposure. Membranous and total c-Met expression was moderate (2), low (4), or not detected (26). Two patients had stable disease as the best response. CONCLUSIONS The RP2D of tivantinib given with food in children with refractory solid tumors is 240 mg/m2 /dose. PK of tivantinib in children demonstrated high variability. Objective responses were not observed in this phase 1 trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I. Geller
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - John P. Perentesis
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Charles G. Minard
- Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Fox
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan M. Blaney
- Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Brenda J. Weigel
- Masonic Children’s Hospital, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
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19
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Han Z, Wu Y, Wang K, Xiao Y, Cheng Z, Sun X, Shen B. Analysis of progress and challenges for various patterns of c-MET-targeted molecular imaging: a systematic review. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:41. [PMID: 28485003 PMCID: PMC5422222 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor also named c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase for the hepatocyte growth factor that plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. c-MET-targeted therapies have been tested in preclinical models and patients, with significant benefits for cancer treatment. In recent years, many studies have shown that the expression level and activation status of c-MET are closely correlated to c-MET-targeted therapy response and clinical prognosis, thus highlighting the importance of evaluating the c-MET status during and prior to targeted therapy. Molecular imaging allows the monitoring of abnormal alterations of c-MET in real time and in vivo. Results In this review, we initially summarize the recent advances in c-MET-targeted molecular imaging, with a special focus on the development of imaging agents ranging in size from monoclonal antibody to small molecule. The aim of this review is to report the preclinical results and clinical application of all molecular imaging studies completed until now for in vivo detection of c-MET in cancer, in order to be beneficial to development of molecular probe and the combination of molecular imaging technologies for in vivo evaluation of c-MET. Various molecular probe targeted to c-MET possesses distinctive advantages and disadvantages. For example, antibody-based probes have high binding affinity but with long metabolic cycle as well as remarkable immunogenicity. Conclusions Although studies for c-MET-targeted molecular imaging have made many important advances, most of imaging agents specifically target to extracellular area of c-MET receptor; however, it is difficult to reflect entirely activation of c-MET. Therefore, small molecule probes based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which could target to intracellular area of c-MET without any immunogenicity, should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Han
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongyi Wu
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yadi Xiao
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucas Center, Room P089, 1201 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.
| | - Xilin Sun
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China. .,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. .,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucas Center, Room P089, 1201 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.
| | - Baozhong Shen
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China. .,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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20
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Price EW, Carnazza KE, Carlin SD, Cho A, Edwards KJ, Sevak KK, Glaser JM, de Stanchina E, Janjigian YY, Lewis JS. 89Zr-DFO-AMG102 Immuno-PET to Determine Local Hepatocyte Growth Factor Protein Levels in Tumors for Enhanced Patient Selection. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1386-1394. [PMID: 28280216 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.187310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) binding antibody rilotumumab (AMG102) was modified for use as a 89Zr-based immuno-PET imaging agent to noninvasively determine the local levels of HGF protein in tumors. Because recent clinical trials of HGF-targeting therapies have been largely unsuccessful in several different cancers (e.g., gastric, brain, lung), we have synthesized and validated 89Zr-DFO-AMG102 as a companion diagnostic for improved identification and selection of patients having high local levels of HGF in tumors. To date, patient selection has not been performed using the local levels of HGF protein in tumors. Methods: The chelator p-SCN-Bn-DFO was conjugated to AMG102, radiolabeling with 89Zr was performed in high radiochemical yields and purity (>99%), and binding affinity of the modified antibody was confirmed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-type binding assay. PET imaging, biodistribution, autoradiography and immunohistochemistry, and ex vivo HGF ELISA experiments were performed on murine xenografts of U87MG (HGF-positive, MET-positive) and MKN45 (HGF-negative, MET-positive) and 4 patient-derived xenografts (MET-positive, HGF unknown). Results: Tumor uptake of 89Zr-DFO-AMG102 at 120 h after injection in U87MG xenografts (HGF-positive) was high (36.8 ± 7.8 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g]), whereas uptake in MKN45 xenografts (HGF-negative) was 5.0 ± 1.3 %ID/g and a control of nonspecific human IgG 89Zr-DFO-IgG in U87MG tumors was 11.5 ± 3.3 %ID/g, demonstrating selective uptake in HGF-positive tumors. Similar experiments performed in 4 different gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft models showed low uptake of 89Zr-DFO-AMG102 (∼4-7 %ID/g), which corresponded with low HGF levels in these tumors (ex vivo ELISA). Autoradiography, immunohistochemical staining, and HGF ELISA assays confirmed that elevated levels of HGF protein were present only in U87MG tumors and that 89Zr-DFO-AMG102 uptake was closely correlated with HGF protein levels in tumors. Conclusion: The new immuno-PET imaging agent 89Zr-DFO-AMG102 was successfully synthesized, radiolabeled, and validated in vitro and in vivo to selectively accumulate in tumors with high local levels of HGF protein. These results suggest that 89Zr-DFO-AMG102 would be a valuable companion diagnostic tool for the noninvasive selection of patients with elevated local concentrations of HGF in tumors for planning any HGF-targeted therapy, with the potential to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Price
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn E Carnazza
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sean D Carlin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Cho
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kimberly J Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kuntal K Sevak
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan M Glaser
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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21
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Daudigeos-Dubus E, Le Dret L, Bawa O, Opolon P, Vievard A, Villa I, Bosq J, Vassal G, Geoerger B. Dual inhibition using cabozantinib overcomes HGF/MET signaling mediated resistance to pan-VEGFR inhibition in orthotopic and metastatic neuroblastoma tumors. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:203-211. [PMID: 27922668 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MET is expressed on neuroblastoma cells and may trigger tumor growth, neoangiogenesis and metastasis. MET upregulation further represents an escape mechanism to various anticancer treatments including VEGF signaling inhibitors. We developed in vitro a resistance model to pan-VEGFR inhibition and explored the simultaneous inhibition of VEGFR and MET in neuroblastoma models in vitro and in vivo using cabozantinib, an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases including VEGFR2, MET, AXL and RET. Resistance in IGR-N91-Luc neuroblastoma cells under continuous in vitro exposure pressure to VEGFR1-3 inhibition using axitinib was associated with HGF and p-ERK overexpression. Cabozantinib exhibited anti-proliferative effects in neuroblastoma cells and reduced cell migration in vitro as measured by phase-contrast with IncuCyte system. In vivo, an enhanced number of animals with IGR-N91-Luc metastases was noted following axitinib treatment as compared to control animals. Orally administered cabozantinib per gavage at 30 and 60 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited tumor growth of orthotopic adrenal IGR-N91-Luc and metastatic IMR-32-Luc xenografts. Antitumor activity was associated with decreased vascularization, inhibition of p-SRC and induction of apoptotic cell death. Activation of the HGF-mediated MET pathway is involved in escape to selective VEGFR inhibition in neuroblastoma suggesting combined inhibition of MET and VEGFR signaling to reduce secondary resistance and enhanced invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Daudigeos-Dubus
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Ludivine Le Dret
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivia Bawa
- Preclinical Evaluation Platform, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Paule Opolon
- Preclinical Evaluation Platform, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Irène Villa
- Pathology Laboratory, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Bosq
- Pathology Laboratory, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gilles Vassal
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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22
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Vieira DB, Gamarra LF. Getting into the brain: liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5381-5414. [PMID: 27799765 PMCID: PMC5077137 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s117210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes articles that have been reported in literature on liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier. Due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, liposomes have been widely investigated for their application in drug delivery and in vivo bioimaging for the treatment and/or diagnosis of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, stroke, and glioma. Several strategies have been used to deliver drug and/or imaging agents to the brain. Covalent ligation of such macromolecules as peptides, antibodies, and RNA aptamers is an effective method for receptor-targeting liposomes, which allows their blood–brain barrier penetration and/or the delivery of their therapeutic molecule specifically to the disease site. Additionally, methods have been employed for the development of liposomes that can respond to external stimuli. It can be concluded that the development of liposomes for brain delivery is still in its infancy, although these systems have the potential to revolutionize the ways in which medicine is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lionel F Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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The “fate” of polymeric and lipid nanoparticles for brain delivery and targeting: Strategies and mechanism of blood–brain barrier crossing and trafficking into the central nervous system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Lee JS, Oh E, Yoo JY, Choi KS, Yoon MJ, Yun CO. Adenovirus expressing dual c-Met-specific shRNA exhibits potent antitumor effect through autophagic cell death accompanied by senescence-like phenotypes in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4051-65. [PMID: 25726528 PMCID: PMC4414172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met, a cognate receptor tyrosine kinase of hepatocyte growth factor, is overexpressed and/or mutated in number of tumors. Therefore, abrogation of c-Met signaling may serve as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we generated Ads expressing single shRNA specific to c-Met (shMet) (dl/shMet4 and dl/shMet5) or dual shRNAs specific to c-Met (dl/shMet4+5); and examined the therapeutic potential of these newly engineered Ads in targeting c-Met, and delineated their mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. Ads expressing shMet induced knock-down in c-Met, and phenotypically resulted in autophagy-like features including appearance of membranousvacuoles, formation of acidic vesicular organelles, and cleavage and recruitment of microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3 to autophagosomes. Ads expressing shMet also suppressed Akt phosphorylation and increased number of senescence-related gene products including SM22, TGase II, and PAI-1. These changes resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and G2/M arrest of U343 cells. In vivo, intratumoral injection with dl/shMet4+5 resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth with corresponding increasing overall survival. Histopathological analysis of these treated tumors revealed that Atg5 was highly up-regulated, indicating the therapeutic induction of autophagy. In sum, these results reveal that autophagic cell death induced by shMet-expressing Ads provide a novel strategy for targeting c-Met-expressing tumors through non-apoptotic mechanism of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Lee
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eonju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Li MY, Yang P, Liu YW, Zhang CB, Wang KY, Wang YY, Yao K, Zhang W, Qiu XG, Li WB, Peng XX, Wang YZ, Jiang T. Low c-Met expression levels are prognostic for and predict the benefits of temozolomide chemotherapy in malignant gliomas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21141. [PMID: 26879272 PMCID: PMC4754763 DOI: 10.1038/srep21141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant c-Met has been implicated in the development of many cancers. The objective of this study was to identify an unfavorable prognostic marker that might guide decisions regarding clinical treatment strategies for high-grade gliomas. C-Met expression was measured using immunohistochemistry in 783 gliomas, and we further analyzed c-Met mRNA levels using the Agilent Whole Genome mRNA Microarray in 286 frozen samples. In vitro, we performed cell migration and invasion assays. Cell sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy was determined using MTT assays. Both mRNA and protein levels of c-Met were significantly associated with tumor grade progression and inversely correlated with overall and progression-free survival in high-grade gliomas (all P < 0.0001). These findings were nearly consistent at the mRNA level across 3 independent cohorts. Multivariable analysis indicated that c-Met was an independent prognostic marker after adjusting for age, preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, the extent of resection, radiotherapy, TMZ chemotherapy, and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. Further analysis in vitro revealed that downregulating the expression of c-Met dramatically inhibited cell migration and invasion capacities, enhanced sensitivity to TMZ chemotherapy in H4 and U87 glioma cells. Our results suggest that c-Met may serve as a potential predictive maker for clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan-Wei Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chuan-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kuan-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liao Ning Province, 116000, China
| | - Yin-Yan Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University
| | - Yong-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100050, China
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26
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Park CH, Cho SY, Ha JD, Jung H, Kim HR, Lee CO, Jang IY, Chae CH, Lee HK, Choi SU. Novel c-Met inhibitor suppresses the growth of c-Met-addicted gastric cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:35. [PMID: 26801760 PMCID: PMC4722623 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Met signaling has been implicated in oncogenesis especially in cells with c-met gene amplification. Since 20 % of gastric cancer patients show high level of c-Met expression, c-Met has been identified as a good candidate for targeted therapy in gastric cancer. Herein, we report our newly synthesized c-Met inhibitor by showing its efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Compounds with both triazolopyrazine and pyridoxazine scaffolds were synthesized and tested using HTRF c-Met kinase assay. We performed cytotoxic assay, cellular phosphorylation assay, and cell cycle assay to investigate the cellular inhibitory mechanism of our compounds. We also conducted mouse xenograft assay to see efficacy in vivo. RESULTS KRC-00509 and KRC-00715 were selected as excellent c-Met inhibitors through biochemical assay, and exhibited to be exclusively selective to c-Met by kinase panel assay. Cytotoxic assays using 18 gastric cancer cell lines showed our c-Met inhibitors suppressed specifically the growth of c-Met overexpressed cell lines, not that of c-Met low expressed cell lines, by inducing G1/S arrest. In c-met amplified cell lines, c-Met inhibitors reduced the downstream signals including Akt and Erk as well as c-Met activity. In vivo Hs746T xenograft assay showed KRC-00715 reduced the tumor size significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo data suggest KRC-00715 is a potent and highly selective c-Met inhibitor which may have therapeutic potential in gastric tumor with c-Met overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hoon Park
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea.,Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yun Cho
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea.,Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Du Ha
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Jung
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea.,Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Rae Kim
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Ock Lee
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Jang
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hak Chae
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyoung Lee
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea.
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Enhancing the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of therapeutic nucleotides using lipid nanoparticle systems. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1751-69. [PMID: 26399560 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although activity has been reported in vivo, free nucleic acid-based drugs are rapidly degraded and cleared following systemic administration. To address these challenges and improve the potency and bioavailability of genetic drugs, significant efforts have been made to develop effective delivery systems of which lipid nanoparticles (LNP) represent the most advanced technology currently available. In this review, we will describe and discuss the improvements to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of nucleic acid-based drugs mediated by LNP delivery. It is envisioned that the significant improvements in potency and safety, largely driven by the development of LNP encapsulated siRNA drugs, will be translatable to other types of genetic drugs and enable the rapid development of potent molecular tools and drugs.
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Combined PDGFR and HDAC Inhibition Overcomes PTEN Disruption in Chordoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134426. [PMID: 26247786 PMCID: PMC4527706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of chordomas show activation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Based on in vitro intertumoral variation in response to recombinant PDGF protein and PDGFR inhibition, and variable tumor response to imatinib, we hypothesized that chordomas resistant to PDGFR inhibition may possess downstream activation of the pathway. METHODS Molecular profiling was performed on 23 consecutive chordoma primary tissue specimens. Primary cultures established from 20 of the 23 specimens, and chordoma cell lines, UCH-1 and UCH-2, were used for in vitro experiments. RESULTS Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) locus was observed in 6 specimens (26%). PTEN disruption statistically correlated with increased Ki-67 proliferation index, an established marker of poor outcome for chordoma. Compared to wild type, PTEN deficient chordomas displayed increased proliferative rate, and responded less favorably to PDGFR inhibition. PTEN gene restoration abrogated this growth advantage. Chordomas are characterized by intratumoral hypoxia and local invasion, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are capable of attenuating both hypoxic signaling and cell migration. The combination of PDGFR and HDAC inhibition effectively disrupted growth and invasion of PTEN deficient chordoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Loss of heterozygosity of the PTEN gene seen in a subset of chordomas is associated with aggressive in vitro behavior and strongly correlates with increased Ki-67 proliferative index. Combined inhibition of PDGFR and HDAC attenuates proliferation and invasion in chordoma cells deficient for PTEN.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and most lethal of all primary brain tumors. Even with the standard therapy, life expectancy is still poor, with an average survival of approximately 14 months following initial diagnosis. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel treatment strategies that inhibit proliferation and angiogenesis in high-grade gliomas. One such strategy consists of inhibiting receptor tyrosine kinases, including MET and/or its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Because of their widespread involvement in human cancer, HGF and MET have emerged as promising therapeutic targets, and some inhibitory agents that target them have already entered clinical trials. In this paper, the authors highlight recent evidence implicating HGF/MET pathway deregulation in glioblastoma multiforme, discuss therapeutic approaches to inhibit HGF/MET signaling, and summarize ongoing clinical trials targeting this pathway.
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30
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Womeldorff M, Gillespie D, Jensen RL. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and associated upstream and downstream proteins in the pathophysiology and management of glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 37:E8. [PMID: 25581937 DOI: 10.3171/2014.9.focus14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with an exceptionally poor patient outcome despite aggressive therapy including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. This aggressive phenotype may be associated with intratumoral hypoxia, which probably plays a key role in GBM tumor growth, development, and angiogenesis. A key regulator of cellular response to hypoxia is the protein hypoxia-inducible factor–1 (HIF-1). An examination of upstream hypoxic and nonhypoxic regulation of HIF-1 as well as a review of the downstream HIF-1– regulated proteins may provide further insight into the role of this transcription factor in GBM pathophysiology. Recent insights into upstream regulators that intimately interact with HIF-1 could provide potential therapeutic targets for treatment of this tumor. The same is potentially true for HIF-1–mediated pathways of glycolysis-, angiogenesis-, and invasion-promoting proteins. Thus, an understanding of the relationship between HIF-1, its upstream protein regulators, and its downstream transcribed genes in GBM pathogenesis could provide future treatment options for the care of patients with these tumors.
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Choi JW, Nam JP, Nam K, Lee YS, Yun CO, Kim SW. Oncolytic Adenovirus Coated with Multidegradable Bioreducible Core-Cross-Linked Polyethylenimine for Cancer Gene Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2132-43. [PMID: 26096567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, adenovirus (Ad) has been utilized as a viral vector for efficient gene delivery. However, substantial immunogenicity and toxicity have obstructed oncolytic Ad's transition into clinical studies. The goal of this study is to generate an adenoviral vector complexed with multidegradable bioreducible core-cross-linked polyethylenimine (rPEI) polymer that has low immunogenicity and toxicity while having higher transduction efficacy and stability. We have synthesized different molecular weight rPEIs and complexed with Ad at varying molar ratios to optimize delivery of the Ad/polymer complex. The size and surface charge of Ad/rPEIs were characterized. Of note, Ad/rPEIs showed significantly enhanced transduction efficiency compared to either naked Ad or Ad/25 kDa PEI in both coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) positive and negative cancer cells. The cellular uptake result demonstrated that the relatively small size of Ad/16 kDa rPEIs (below 200 nm) was more critical to the complex's internalization than its surface charge. Cancer cell killing effect and viral production were significantly increased when oncolytic Ad (RdB/shMet, or oAd) was complexed with 16 kDa rPEI in comparison to naked oAd-, oAd/25 kDa PEI-, or oAd/32 kDa rPEI-treated cells. This increased anticancer cytotoxicity was more readily apparent in CAR-negative MCF7 cells, implying that it can be used to treat a broad range of cancer cells. Furthermore, A549 and HT1080 cancer cells treated with oAd/16 kDa rPEI had significantly decreased Met and VEGF expression compared to either naked oAd or oAd/25 kDa PEI. Overall, these results demonstrate that shMet expressing oncolytic Ad complexed with multidegradable bioreducible core-cross-linked PEI could be used as efficient and safe cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Woo Choi
- †Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Joung-Pyo Nam
- †Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kihoon Nam
- †Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Young Sook Lee
- †Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- ‡Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- †Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,‡Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Chen HM, Yu K, Tang XY, Bao ZS, Jiang T, Fan XL, Chen XW, Su XD. Enhanced expression and phosphorylation of the MET oncoprotein by glioma-specific PTPRZ1-MET fusions. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1437-43. [PMID: 25935522 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PTPRZ1-MET (ZM) proteins are a group of fusion proteins identified in human gliomas by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. ZM fusions are associated with poor prognosis in afflicted glioma patients and mediate oncogenic effects in assays. In this study, we show that ZM-carrying patients have increased hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) mRNA expression levels induced by fusion with receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta (PTPRZ1). Furthermore, ZM fusions preserve fundamental properties of wild-type MET with respect to processing and dimerization, and enhance phosphorylation in an hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-dependent and independent manner. Our findings suggest that ZM induces gliomas through elevated expression and phosphorylation of the MET oncoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Chen
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-yan Tang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhao-shi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Long Fan
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Brain Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Su
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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33
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Menis J, Giaj Levra M, Novello S. MET inhibition in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 2:23-39. [PMID: 25806202 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2012.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted agents have completely changed cancer treatment strategy, leading it from a "one size fits all" approach to a customized therapy. In this scenario Met, a heterodimere receptor tyrosine kinase deeply involved into embryogenesis and organogenesis, has been introduced many years ago as a potential target for biological agents, becoming "druggable" only in this last period of time. Met can be altered through receptor overexpression, genomic amplification, mutations or alternative splicing, autocrine or paracrine secretion of hepatic growth factor (HGF): these dysregulations stimulate tumorigenesis (in terms of cell-cell detachment, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and survival) and metastatization. Met is overexpressed in lung cancer and Met gene amplification can drive the dependency of cell survival and proliferation upon the Met signaling. Both Met overexpression and amplification seem to correlate with poor prognosis. Met amplification is also described to be linked to EGFR acquired resistance. Several Met inhibitors have been tested both in preclinical and human trials, demonstrating activity in lung cancer treatment. This paper aims to summarize data on Met biological function, on its interaction with cell signaling and other pathways and to present data on those Met inhibitors currently under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Menis
- Department of Oncology, A.O.U Santa Maria della Misericordia of Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Giaj Levra
- Department of Oncology, A.O.U San Luigi - Orbassano, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, A.O.U San Luigi - Orbassano, University of Turin, Italy
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Li L, Puliyappadamba VT, Chakraborty S, Rehman A, Vemireddy V, Saha D, Souza RF, Hatanpaa KJ, Koduru P, Burma S, Boothman DA, Habib AA. EGFR wild type antagonizes EGFRvIII-mediated activation of Met in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2015; 34:129-134. [PMID: 24362532 PMCID: PMC4804705 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)vIII is the most common EGFR mutant found in glioblastoma (GBM). EGFRvIII does not bind ligand, is highly oncogenic and is usually coexpressed with EGFR wild type (EGFRwt). EGFRvIII activates Met, and Met contributes to EGFRvIII-mediated oncogenicity and resistance to treatment. Here, we report that addition of EGF results in a rapid loss of EGFRvIII-driven Met phosphorylation in glioma cells. Met is associated with EGFRvIII in a physical complex. Addition of EGF results in a dissociation of the EGFRvIII-Met complex with a concomitant loss of Met phosphorylation. Consistent with the abrogation of Met activation, addition of EGF results in the inhibition of EGFRvIII-mediated resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, our study suggests that ligand in the milieu of EGFRvIII-expressing GBM cells is likely to influence the EGFRvIII-Met interaction and resistance to treatment, and highlights a novel antagonistic interaction between EGFRwt and EGFRvIII in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - VT Puliyappadamba
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S Chakraborty
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - V Vemireddy
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - RF Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Esophagal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - KJ Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - P Koduru
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S Burma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - DA Boothman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - AA Habib
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
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Gacche RN, Meshram RJ. Angiogenic factors as potential drug target: Efficacy and limitations of anti-angiogenic therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:161-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Du W, Uslar L, Sevala S, Shah K. Targeting c-Met receptor overcomes TRAIL-resistance in brain tumors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95490. [PMID: 24748276 PMCID: PMC3991662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis specifically in tumor cells. However, with approximately half of all known tumor lines being resistant to TRAIL, the identification of TRAIL sensitizers and their mechanism of action become critical to broadly use TRAIL as a therapeutic agent. In this study, we explored whether c-Met protein contributes to TRAIL sensitivity. We found a direct correlation between the c-Met expression level and TRAIL resistance. We show that the knock down c-Met protein, but not inhibition, sensitized brain tumor cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by interrupting the interaction between c-Met and TRAIL cognate death receptor (DR) 5. This interruption greatly induces the formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and subsequent downstream apoptosis signaling. Using intracranially implanted brain tumor cells and stem cell (SC) lines engineered with different combinations of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins, we show that SC expressing a potent and secretable TRAIL (S-TRAIL) have a significant anti-tumor effect in mice bearing c-Met knock down of TRAIL-resistant brain tumors. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates c-Met contributes to TRAIL sensitivity of brain tumor cells and has implications for developing effective therapies for brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Du
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Liubov Uslar
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sindhura Sevala
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Khalid Shah
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Met degradation by SAIT301, a Met monoclonal antibody, reduces the invasion and migration of nasopharyngeal cancer cells via inhibition of EGR-1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1159. [PMID: 24722284 PMCID: PMC5424102 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor with high invasive and metastatic potential. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-Met signaling pathway has a critical role in mediating the invasive growth of many different types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. HGF also stimulates NPC cell growth and invasion in the cell line model. In this study, we determined the inhibitory effect of Met, using a Met-targeting monoclonal antibody (SAIT301), on the invasive and growth potential of NPC cell lines. Met inhibition by SAIT301 resulted in highly significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion in both the HONE1 and HNE1 cell lines. In addition, we also found that co-treatment of SAIT301 and HGF decreased the anchorage-independent growth induced by HGF in HNE1 cell lines. After SAIT301 treatment, Met, together with its downstream signaling proteins, showed downregulation of p-Met and p-ERK, but not p-AKT, in both HONE1 and HNE1 cell lines. Interestingly, we found that HGF treatment of NPC cell lines induced early growth response protein (EGR-1) expression, which is involved in cell migration and invasion. In addition, co-treatment with SAIT301 and HGF inhibited the HGF-induced expression of EGR-1. Next, knockdown of EGR-1 using small-interfering RNA inhibited HGF-induced cell invasion in NPC cell lines, suggesting that the expression level of EGR-1 is important in HGF-induced cell invasion of NPC cells. Therefore, the results support that SAIT301 inhibited Met activation as well as the downstream EGR-1 expression and could have therapeutic potential in NPC. Taken together, we suggest that Met is an anticancer therapeutic target for NPC that warrants further investigation and clinical trials and SAIT301 may be a promising tool for NPC therapy.
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Trovato M, Torre ML, Ragonese M, Simone A, Scarfì R, Barresi V, Giuffrè G, Benvenga S, Angileri FF, Tuccari G, Trimarchi F, Ruggeri RM, Cannavò S. HGF/c-met system targeting PI3K/AKT and STAT3/phosphorylated-STAT3 pathways in pituitary adenomas: an immunohistochemical characterization in view of targeted therapies. Endocrine 2013; 44:735-43. [PMID: 23576023 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-9950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ligand/receptor hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-met signaling system promotes cellular growth and angiogenesis through PI3K/phosphor-Akt and STAT3/phosphor-STAT3 downstream effectors. In this study, we have evaluated the expression of molecules of the HGF/c-met pathway in pituitary adenomas (PA). The expression of HGF, c-met, PI3K (p85αsubunit) pAkt, STAT3, and pSTAT3 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in an archival series of 30 PA (12 non-functioning and 18 functioning; 25 macroadenomas and 5 microadenomas). PAs expressed all six proteins in tumor epithelial cells. The proportion of c-met(+ve) cells was greater than HGF(+ve) cells (49 ± 19 vs 34 ± 17 %, P < 0.01), the pAkt(+ve) cells greater than PI3K(+ve) cells (39 ± 16.0 vs 1.3 ± 0.5 %, P < 0.001), and the STAT3(+ve) cells greater than active pSTAT3(+ve) cells (14 ± 8 vs 7 ± 6 %, P < 0.01). Furthermore, endothelial Akt immunostaining was detected on the vascular surface area of 17 PAs, in macroadenomas more frequently than in microadenomas (82 vs 18 %). The percentage of immunostained endothelial cells was greater in macro than in microadenomas (19 ± 7 and 7 ± 3 %; P < 0.05). In conclusion, HGF and c-met are widely expressed in PA, and correlate with pAkt expression. These data, together with the finding of pAkt immunostaining on microvascular areas related to tumor size, suggest a major role of the pAKT signaling in tumor growth and angiogenesis. There might be practical implications for the targeted therapy of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trovato
- Department of Human Pathology, Pad D 4 piano-AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125, Messina, Italy,
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Grossman R, Brastianos H, Blakeley JO, Mangraviti A, Lal B, Zadnik P, Hwang L, Wicks RT, Goodwin RC, Brem H, Tyler B. Combination of anti-VEGF therapy and temozolomide in two experimental human glioma models. J Neurooncol 2013; 116:59-65. [PMID: 24185441 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab (BEV), can induce normalization of the blood brain barrier, which may influence the penetration and activity of a co-administered cytotoxic drug. However, it is unknown whether this effect is associated with a benefit in overall survival. This study employed intracranial human glioma models to evaluate the effect of BEV alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) and/or radiation therapy (XRT) on overall survival. One hundred eight male athymic rats were intracranially injected with either U251 or U87 human glioma. Ten or eleven days after tumor inoculation, animals bearing U251 and U87, respectively, were treated with: TMZ alone (50 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days, P.O.), BEV alone (15 mg/kg, I.V.), a combination of TMZ and BEV, or a combination of TMZ, BEV, and a single fraction of XRT (20 Gy). Controls received no treatment. The U87 experiment was repeated and the relationship between survival and the extent of anti-angiogenesis via anti-laminin antibodies for the detection of blood vessels was assessed. In both U87 glioma experiments, all of the treatment groups had a statistically significant increase in survival as compared to the control groups. Also, for both U87 experiments the combination groups of TMZ and BEV had significantly better survival when compared to either treatment administered alone, with 75% of animals demonstrating long-term survival (LTS) (defined as animals alive 120 days after tumor implantation) in one experiment and 25% LTS in the repeat experiment. In the U251 glioma experiment, all treated groups (except BEV alone) had significantly improved survival as compared to controls with minimal statistical variance among groups. The percent vessel area was lowest in the group of animals treated with BEV alone. The addition of BEV to TMZ and/or XRT had variable effect on prolonging survival in the two human glioma models tested with reduced tumor vascularity in groups treated with BEV. These results indicate that BEV has anti-angiogenic activity and does not seem to hinder the effect of TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CRB II, Suite 2M45, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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Nicastro HL, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. 3,3'-diindolylmethane rapidly and selectively inhibits hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met signaling in breast cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1882-8. [PMID: 23968581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), an indole derivative from vegetables of the Brassica genus, has antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cells. Part of this activity is thought to be due to DIM inhibition of Akt signaling, but an upstream mechanism of DIM-induced Akt inhibition has not been described. The goals of this study were to investigate the kinetics of inhibition of Akt by physiologically relevant concentrations of DIM and to identify an upstream factor that mediates this effect. Here we report that DIM (5-25 μM) inhibited Akt activation from 30 min to 24h in tumorigenic MDA-MB-231 cells but did not inhibit Akt activation in non-tumorigenic preneoplastic MCF10AT cells. DIM inhibited hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced Akt activation by up to 46%, cell migration by 66% and cell proliferation by up to 54%, but did not inhibit induction of Akt by epidermal growth factor or insulin-like growth factor-1. DIM decreased phosphorylation of the HGF receptor, c-Met, at tyrosines 1234 and 1235, indicating decreased activation of the receptor. This decrease was reversed by pretreatment with inhibitors of p38 or calcineurin. Our results demonstrate the important role of HGF and c-Met in DIM's anti-proliferative effect on breast cancer cells and suggest that DIM could have preventive or clinical value as an inhibitor of c-Met signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Nicastro
- Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3104.
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, recruitment of new blood vessels, is an essential component of the metastatic pathway. These vessels provide the principal route by which tumor cells exit the primary tumor site and enter the circulation. For many tumors, the vascular density can provide a prognostic indicator of metastatic potential, with the highly vascular primary tumors having a higher incidence of metastasis than poorly vascular tumors. The discovery and characterization of tumor-derived angiogenesis modulators greatly contributed to our understanding of how tumors regulate angiogenesis. However, although angiogenesis appears to be a rate-limiting event in tumor growth and metastatic dissemination, a direct connection between the induction of angiogenesis and the progression to tumor malignancy is less well understood. In this review, we discuss the observations concerning the modulation of angiogenesis and their implications in various neurological disorders, as well as their potential impact on cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksemin Acar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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Bhardwaj V, Cascone T, Cortez MA, Amini A, Evans J, Komaki RU, Heymach JV, Welsh JW. Modulation of c-Met signaling and cellular sensitivity to radiation: potential implications for therapy. Cancer 2013; 119:1768-75. [PMID: 23423860 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The c-Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor and its family members are known to promote cancer cell migration and invasion. Signaling within and beyond this pathway contributes to the systemic spread of metastases through induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process also implicated in mediating resistance to current anticancer therapies, including radiation. Induction of c-Met has also been observed after irradiation, suggesting that c-Met participates in radiation-induced disease progression through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, c-Met inhibition is an attractive target for potentially mitigating radiation resistance. This article summarizes key findings regarding crosstalk between radiotherapy and c-Met and discusses studies performed to date in which c-Met inhibition was used as a strategy to increase cellular radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bhardwaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhang Y, Farenholtz KE, Yang Y, Guessous F, Dipierro CG, Calvert VS, Deng J, Schiff D, Xin W, Lee JK, Purow B, Christensen J, Petricoin E, Abounader R. Hepatocyte growth factor sensitizes brain tumors to c-MET kinase inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1433-44. [PMID: 23386689 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) c-MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are deregulated and promote malignancy in cancer and brain tumors. Consequently, clinically applicable c-MET inhibitors have been developed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the not-well-known molecular determinants that predict responsiveness to c-MET inhibitors and to explore new strategies for improving inhibitor efficacy in brain tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the molecular factors and pathway activation signatures that determine sensitivity to c-MET inhibitors in a panel of glioblastoma and medulloblastoma cells, glioblastoma stem cells, and established cell line-derived xenografts using functional assays, reverse protein microarrays, and in vivo tumor volume measurements, but validation with animal survival analyses remains to be done. We also explored new approaches for improving the efficacy of the inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that HGF coexpression is a key predictor of response to c-MET inhibition among the examined factors and identified an ERK/JAK/p53 pathway activation signature that differentiates c-MET inhibition in responsive and nonresponsive cells. Surprisingly, we also found that short pretreatment of cells and tumors with exogenous HGF moderately but statistically significantly enhanced the antitumor effects of c-MET inhibition. We observed a similar ligand-induced sensitization effect to an EGF receptor small-molecule kinase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These findings allow the identification of a subset of patients that will be responsive to c-MET inhibition and propose ligand pretreatment as a potential new strategy for improving the anticancer efficacy of RTK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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The role of semaphorins and their receptors in gliomas. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2012; 2012:902854. [PMID: 23050142 PMCID: PMC3461631 DOI: 10.1155/2012/902854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common tumor in the central nervous system. High-grade glioblastomas are characterized by their high invasiveness and resistance to radiotherapy, leading to high recurrence rate and short median survival despite radical surgical resection. Characterizations of gliomas at molecular level have revealed aberrations of various growth factor receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, and tumor suppressor genes that lead to deregulation of multiple signaling pathways, thereby contributing to abnormal proliferation, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis in cancer cells. Recently, accumulating evidence points to the emerging role of axon guidance molecules in glioma progression. Notably, many signaling events harnessed by guidance molecules to regulate cell migration and axon navigation during development are also found to be involved in the modulation of deregulated pathways in gliomas. This paper focused on the signalings triggered by the guidance molecule semaphorins and their receptors plexins and neuropilins, and how their crosstalk with oncogenic pathways in gliomas might modulate cancer progression. The emerging role of semaphorins and plexins as tumor suppressors or oncogenes is also discussed.
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Gatson NN, Chiocca EA, Kaur B. Anti-angiogenic gene therapy in the treatment of malignant gliomas. Neurosci Lett 2012; 527:62-70. [PMID: 22906922 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
More than four decades ago, Dr. Judah Folkman hypothesized that angiogenesis was a critical process in tumor growth. Since that time, there have been significant advances in understanding tumor biology and groundbreaking research in cancer therapy that have validated his hypothesis. However, in spite of extensive research, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and malignant primary brain tumor, has gained little in the way of improved median survival. There have been several angiogenesis targets that have resulted in drugs that are in clinical trials or FDA approved for clinical use in several cancers. GBM is a highly angiogenic tumor and several drugs are showing promise in clinical trials with one (bevacizumab), clinically approved for use. We will review several possible angiogenic targets in GBM as well as the vector methodologies used for delivery. In addition, GBMs present several therapeutic challenges related to structure, tumor immune microenvironment and resistance to angiogenesis. To overcome these challenges will require novel approaches to improve therapeutic gene expression and vector biodistribution in the glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaTosha N Gatson
- Dardinger Center for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, N-1017 Doan Hall, 410 W. 10th Avenue, James Cancer Hospital/Solove Research Institute and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA
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Guo YF, Wang XB, Tian XY, Li Y, Li B, Huang Q, Zhang M, Li Z. Tumor-derived hepatocyte growth factor is associated with poor prognosis of patients with glioma and influences the chemosensitivity of glioma cell line to cisplatin in vitro. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:128. [PMID: 22741575 PMCID: PMC3447698 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association of tumor-derived hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with the clinicopathological features of gliomas and investigated the effect of HGF inhibition on the biological behavior of tumor cells in vitro in order to determine whether HGF is a valuable prognostic predictor for glioma patients. METHODS Seventy-six cases of glioma were collected. The tumor-derived HGF expression, cell proliferation index (PI) and intratumoral microvessels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Correlation between immunostaining and clinicopathological parameters, as well as the follow-up data of patients, was analyzed statistically. U87MG glioma cells were transfected with short interference (si)-RNA for HGF, and the cell viability, migratory ability and chemosensitivity to cisplatin were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS Both high HGF expression in tumor cells (59.2%, 45/76) and high PI were significantly associated with high-grade glioma and increased microvessels in tumors (P < 0.05). However, only histological grading (P = 0.004) and high-expression of HGF (P = 0.008) emerged as independent prognostic factors for the overall survival of glioma patients. The tumor-derived HGF mRNA and protein expressions were significantly decreased in vitro after transfection of HGF siRNA. HGF siRNA inhibited the cell growth and reduced cell migratory ability. Moreover, HGF siRNA transfection enhanced the chemosensitivity of U87MG glioma cells to cisplatin. CONCLUSION This study indicated that there was significant correlation among tumor cell-derived HGF, cell proliferation and microvessel proliferation in gliomas. HGF might influence tumor progression by modulating the cell growth, migration and chemoresistance to drugs. Increased expression of HGF may be a valuable predictor for prognostic evaluation of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-feng Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-bing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-ying Tian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7, Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Quan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Abstract
Mutations/deletions of the tumor-suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog PTEN result in PI3K/Akt pathway hyperactivation and potentially alter oncogenic responses to targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We previously showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF):c-Met pathway inhibition decreases tumor growth and oncogenic signaling responses in PTEN-null/Met+ gliomas. Here, we use two tet-on PTENwt-inducible glioma cell lines and xenograft models to examine the influence of PTEN on oncogenic signaling responses to HGF:c-Met pathway inhibitors. Reconstitution of PTEN inhibited Akt by more than 80% and inhibited cell growth by approximately 70-75% in both cell lines in vitro. C-Met inhibition alone inhibited in-vitro cell growth by approximately 80-85% and the magnitude of growth inhibition was not altered by combining PTEN reconstitution with c-Met inhibition. Combining PTEN reconstitution with Met inhibition arrested a higher percentage of cells in G(1)/G(0) phase of the cell cycle when compared with either PTEN reconstitution or c-Met inhibition alone. Both PTEN reconstitution alone and inhibiting autocrine HGF:c-Met signaling alone, using anti-HGF mAb, robustly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous and intracranial glioma xenografts. Combining anti-HGF therapy with PTEN reconstitution did not significantly alter the magnitude of xenograft growth inhibition. Semiquantitative immunohistopathological analyses revealed that the inhibition of glioma xenograft angiogenesis and cell proliferation by anti-HGF mAb was greatest in conjunction with PTEN reconstitution. In contrast, xenograft cell apoptosis was greatest in response to anti-HGF therapy alone and PTEN reconstitution abrogated the apoptotic response to anti-HGF therapy. These results provide new insights into how PTEN modulates glioma responses to the inhibition of HGF:c-Met signaling and possibly other receptor tyrosine kinase pathways.
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Chi AS, Batchelor TT, Kwak EL, Clark JW, Wang DL, Wilner KD, Louis DN, Iafrate AJ. Rapid Radiographic and Clinical Improvement After Treatment of a MET-Amplified Recurrent Glioblastoma With a Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Inhibitor. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:e30-3. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.38.4586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Chi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tracy T. Batchelor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eunice L. Kwak
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey W. Clark
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daphne L. Wang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - David N. Louis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - A. John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Guessous F, Yang Y, Johnson E, Marcinkiewicz L, Smith M, Zhang Y, Kofman A, Schiff D, Christensen J, Abounader R. Cooperation between c-Met and focal adhesion kinase family members in medulloblastoma and implications for therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 11:288-97. [PMID: 22188814 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed the involvement of the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met in medulloblastoma malignancy. The nonreceptor tyrosine kinases focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Pyk2 are key players in the progression of different cancers. However, their role in medulloblastoma malignancy is not well understood. In this study, using a protein array approach, we found that c-Met induces FAK and Pyk2 phosphorylation in medulloblastoma cells. We therefore studied the interactions between c-Met and FAK/Pyk2 and their implications for medulloblastoma therapy. We found that c-Met activates FAK and Pyk2 in several medulloblastoma cell lines. We also found that FAK and Pyk2 mediate the malignant effects of c-Met on medulloblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that combined c-Met and FAK inhibitions would have additive effects on the inhibition of medulloblastoma malignancy. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects on medulloblastoma malignancy parameters of single or combined treatments of medulloblastoma cells with c-Met and FAK small-molecule kinase inhibitors. We found a significant increase in the inhibitory effect of both inhibitors on medulloblastoma cell migration and cell invasion as compared with single inhibitions (P < 0.05). In addition, oral gavage treatment with c-Met inhibitor of mice bearing medulloblastoma xenografts significantly reduced in vivo tumor growth. Therefore, combining c-Met inhibitors with FAK inhibitors constitutes a new potential strategy for medulloblastoma therapy. Altogether, our study describes a role for FAK and Pyk2 in medulloblastoma malignancy, uncovers new interactions between c-Met and FAK/Pyk2, and proposes for the first time combining anti-c-Met and anti-FAK inhibitors as a new strategy for medulloblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadila Guessous
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Li C, Wu JJ, Hynes M, Dosch J, Sarkar B, Welling TH, Pasca di Magliano M, Simeone DM. c-Met is a marker of pancreatic cancer stem cells and therapeutic target. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:2218-2227.e5. [PMID: 21864475 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Growth of many different tumor types requires a population of self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). c-Met is a marker of normal mouse pancreatic stem and progenitor cells; we investigated whether it is also a marker of human pancreatic CSCs that might be developed as a therapeutic target. METHODS We studied growth of primary human pancreatic adenocarcinoma in NOD SCID mice. The self-renewal capability of pancreatic cancer cells that expressed high levels of c-Met (c-Met(high)) was assessed using in vitro sphere assays and compared with those that were c-Met negative or expressed low levels of c-Met. The tumorigenicity of c-Met(high) pancreatic cancer cells was evaluated in NOD SCID mice. RESULTS c-Met(high) cells readily formed spheres, whereas c-Met-negative cells did not. Use of the c-Met inhibitor XL184 or c-Met knockdown with small hairpin RNAs significantly inhibited tumor sphere formation. c-Met(high) cells had increased tumorigenic potential in mice; those that expressed c-Met and CD44 (0.5%-5% of the pancreatic cancer cells) had the capability for self-renewal and the highest tumorigenic potential of all cell populations studied. In pancreatic tumors established in NOD SCID mice, c-Met inhibitors slowed tumor growth and reduced the population of CSCs when given alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Administration of XL184 for 2 weeks after cardiac injection of cancer cells prevented the development of metastases. CONCLUSIONS c-Met is a new marker for pancreatic CSCs. It is required for growth and metastasis of pancreatic tumors in mice and is a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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