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Dong W, Zhang H, Li Q, Guan N, Yun C, Zhao H, Zhang F, Zeng Z, Hu Y, Li Q, Yang J, Ma Z, Chen M, Xiao W. A novel prognostic signature contributes to precision treatment in colon adenocarcinoma with KRAS mutation. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023; 32:557-565. [PMID: 37310401 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 40% of colon cancer harbor Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene ( KRAS ) mutations, but the prognostic value of KRAS mutations in colon cancer is still controversial. METHODS We enrolled 412 colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients with KRAS mutations, 644 COAD patients with KRAS wild-type and 357 COAD patients lacking information on KRAS status from five independent cohorts. A random forest model was developed to estimate the KRAS status. The prognostic signature was established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-Cox regression and evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, multivariate-Cox analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve and nomogram. The expression data of KRAS -mutant COAD cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database and the corresponding drug sensitivity data from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database were used for potential target and agent exploration. RESULTS We established a 36-gene prognostic signature classifying the KRAS -mutant COAD as high and low risk. High risk patients had inferior prognoses compared to those with low risk, while the signature failed to distinguish the prognosis of COAD with KRAS wild-type. The risk score was the independent prognostic factor for KRAS -mutant COAD and we further fabricated the nomograms with good predictive efficiency. Moreover, we suggested FMNL1 as a potential drug target and three drugs as potential therapeutic agents for KRAS -mutant COAD with high risk. CONCLUSION We established a precise 36-gene prognostic signature with great performance in prognosis prediction of KRAS -mutant COAD providing a new strategy for personalized prognosis management and precision treatment for KRAS -mutant COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
| | - He Zhang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Qingyan Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Na Guan
- Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Chao Yun
- Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Huixia Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Zhiyan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Qiuwen Li
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Zihuan Ma
- Department of Scientific Research Projects and
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Medical Products, ChosenMed, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
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2
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Downregulation of LncRNA SNHG7 Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells to Resist Anlotinib by Regulating miR-181a-5p/GATA6. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2023; 2023:6973723. [PMID: 36691432 PMCID: PMC9867592 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6973723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs are a novel class of regulators in human cancers. It has been reported that small nucleolar RNA hostgene 7 (SNHG7) can sponge microRNAs to regulate colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Given its important regulatory role in cancer biology, we wondered whether SNHG7 is involved in drug resistance to anlotinib (ATB) in CRC. To answer this, we quantified the expression of SNHG7 by quantitative real-time PCR. We performed the Cell Counting Kit-8 and Colony formation assay, flow cytometric analysis, RNA pull-down, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay, and Luciferase reporter assay to confirm the interaction among SNHG7, miR-181a-5p, and GATA6. We found that SNHG7 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines and ATB-resistant cell lines, which was closely related to the poor overall survival of patients. Loss-of-function studies demonstrated that SNHG7 knockdown can inhibit CRC cell proliferation, increase apoptosis, and sensitize CRC cells to resist ATB. Mechanistic studies showed that SNHG7 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA to sponge miR-181a-5p to regulate the expression of GATA6, thereby promoting ATB resistance in ATB-resistant cell lines. In conclusion, SNHG7 plays an important role in ATB resistance, and it may be used to monitor ATB resistance in CRC.
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3
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Zhou Q, Yang HJ, Zuo MZ, Tao YL. Distinct expression and prognostic values of GATA transcription factor family in human ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:49. [PMID: 35488350 PMCID: PMC9052646 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated studies have provided controversial evidences of expression patterns and prognostic value of the GATA family in human ovarian cancer. In the present study, we accessed the distinct expression and prognostic roles of 7 individual members of GATA family in ovarian cancer (OC) patients through Oncomine analysis, CCLE analysis, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Kaplan–Meier plotter (KM plotter) database, cBioPortal and Metascape. Our results indicated that GATA1, GATA3, GATA4 and TRPS1 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in OC than normal samples. High expression of GATA1, GATA2, and GATA4 were significantly correlated with better overall survival (OS), while increased GATA3 and GATA6 expression were associated with worse prognosis in OC patients. GATA1, GATA2, GATA3 and GATA6 were closely related to the different pathological histology, pathological grade, clinical stage and TP53 mutation status of OC. The genetic variation and interaction of the GATA family may be closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of OC, and the regulatory network composed of GATA family genes and their neighboring genes are mainly involved in Notch signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation and Hippo signaling pathway. Transcriptional GATA1/2/3/4/6 could be prognostic markers and potential therapeutic target for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, 2, Jie-fang Road, Yi chang, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China.
| | - Huai-Jie Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, 2, Jie-fang Road, Yi chang, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
| | - Man-Zhen Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, 2, Jie-fang Road, Yi chang, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, 2, Jie-fang Road, Yi chang, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
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4
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Sun X, Wang R, Tan M, Tian X, Meng J. LncRNA LINC00680 promotes lung adenocarcinoma growth via binding to GATA6 and canceling GATA6-mediated suppression of SOX12 expression. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112653. [PMID: 34029572 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major subtype of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). LINC00680 has been characterized as a novel oncogenic lncRNA in LUAD, but its regulatory mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study aimed to explore the subcellular localization of LINC00680 in LUAD and its regulation on the transcriptional process. LUAD cell lines (A549, H1650, and H1299) were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. Results showed LINC00680 depletion resulted in G0/G1 phase arrest of LUAD cells and reduced CDK4 and cyclin D1 expression in H1650 and H1299 cells. LINC00680 overexpression promoted A549 cell proliferation and increased CDK4 and cyclin D1 expression. RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay showed that LINC00680 has both cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution in LUAD cells. RNA pulldown and western blotting assays confirmed a physical interaction between LINC00680 and GATA6. In LUAD cells, GATA6 overexpression only slightly suppressed SOX12 transcription. ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase assay showed that GATA6 only weakly bound to the SOX12 promoter and decreased its activity. However, when LINC00680 was depleted, these transcriptional suppressive effects were significantly enhanced. These findings suggested that LINC00680 forms a complex with GATA6 and weakens its transcriptional suppressive effect on SOX12 expression. In the nude mice model, LINC00680 overexpression partly abrogated the growth-suppressive effects of GATA6 on A549 derived tumors. In summary, this study revealed a novel LINC00680-GATA6-SOX12 axis in promoting LUAD cell cycle progression and proliferation. Future studies should be conducted for a better understanding of the complex networking of LINC00680 in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Sun
- Occupational Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Ruihao Wang
- Internal Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital Brain Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Mingzhu Tan
- Internal Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital Brain Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xiaowei Tian
- Occupational Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Occupational Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China.
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5
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Abstract
AbstractAn important goal in the fight against cancer is to understand how tumors become invasive and metastatic. A crucial early step in metastasis is thought to be the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), the process in which epithelial cells transition into a more migratory and invasive, mesenchymal state. Since the genetic regulatory networks driving EMT in tumors derive from those used in development, analysis of EMTs in genetic model organisms such as the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, can provide great insight into cancer. In this review I highlight the many ways in which studies in the fly are shedding light on cancer metastasis. The review covers both normal developmental events in which epithelial cells become migratory, as well as induced events, whereby normal epithelial cells become metastatic due to genetic manipulations. The ability to make such precise genetic perturbations in the context of a normal, in vivo environment, complete with a working innate immune system, is making the fly increasingly important in understanding metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Murray
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Clemente SM, Martínez-Costa OH, Monsalve M, Samhan-Arias AK. Targeting Lipid Peroxidation for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E5144. [PMID: 33167334 PMCID: PMC7663840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the highest prevalent diseases in humans. The chances of surviving cancer and its prognosis are very dependent on the affected tissue, body location, and stage at which the disease is diagnosed. Researchers and pharmaceutical companies worldwide are pursuing many attempts to look for compounds to treat this malignancy. Most of the current strategies to fight cancer implicate the use of compounds acting on DNA damage checkpoints, non-receptor tyrosine kinases activities, regulators of the hedgehog signaling pathways, and metabolic adaptations placed in cancer. In the last decade, the finding of a lipid peroxidation increase linked to 15-lipoxygenases isoform 1 (15-LOX-1) activity stimulation has been found in specific successful treatments against cancer. This discovery contrasts with the production of other lipid oxidation signatures generated by stimulation of other lipoxygenases such as 5-LOX and 12-LOX, and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) activities, which have been suggested as cancer biomarkers and which inhibitors present anti-tumoral and antiproliferative activities. These findings support the previously proposed role of lipid hydroperoxides and their metabolites as cancer cell mediators. Depletion or promotion of lipid peroxidation is generally related to a specific production source associated with a cancer stage or tissue in which cancer originates. This review highlights the potential therapeutical use of chemical derivatives to stimulate or block specific cellular routes to generate lipid hydroperoxides to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M. Clemente
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Oscar H. Martínez-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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7
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Plygawko AT, Kan S, Campbell K. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity: emerging parallels between tissue morphogenesis and cancer metastasis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20200087. [PMID: 32829692 PMCID: PMC7482222 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cells possess epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), which allows them to shift reversibly between adherent, static and more detached, migratory states. These changes in cell behaviour are driven by the programmes of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), both of which play vital roles during normal development and tissue homeostasis. However, the aberrant activation of these processes can also drive distinct stages of cancer progression, including tumour invasiveness, cell dissemination and metastatic colonization and outgrowth. This review examines emerging common themes underlying EMP during tissue morphogenesis and malignant progression, such as the context dependence of EMT transcription factors, a central role for partial EMTs and the nonlinear relationship between EMT and MET. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Contemporary morphogenesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Plygawko
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Shohei Kan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kyra Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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8
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Expression patterns of seven key genes, including β-catenin, Notch1, GATA6, CDX2, miR-34a, miR-181a and miR-93 in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12342. [PMID: 32704077 PMCID: PMC7378835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and a major cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Incidence of GC is affected by various factors, including genetic and environmental factors. Despite extensive research has been done for molecular characterization of GC, it remains largely unknown. Therefore, further studies specially conducted among various ethnicities in different geographic locations, are required to know the precise molecular mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis and progression of GC. The expression patterns of seven candidate genes, including β-catenin, Notch1, GATA6, CDX2, miR-34a, miR-181a, and miR-93 were determined in 24 paired GC tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues by quantitative Real-Time PCR. The association between the expression of these genes and clinicopathologic factors were also investigated. Our results demonstrated that overall mRNA levels of GATA6 were significantly decreased in the tumor samples in comparison with the non-cancerous tissues (median fold change (FC) = 0.3143; P = 0.0003). Overall miR-93 levels were significantly increased in the tumor samples relative to the non-cancerous gastric tissues (FC = 2.441; P = 0.0002). β-catenin mRNA expression showed a strong positive correlation with miR-34a (r = 0.5784; P = 0.0031), and miR-181a (r = 0.5652; P = 0.004) expression. miR-34a and miR-181a expression showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.4862; P = 0.016). Moreover, lower expression of Notch1 was related to distant metastasis in GC patients with a borderline statistical significance (p = 0.0549). These data may advance our understanding of the molecular biology that drives GC as well as provide potential targets for defining novel therapeutic strategies for GC treatment.
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9
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Huilgol D, Venkataramani P, Nandi S, Bhattacharjee S. Transcription Factors That Govern Development and Disease: An Achilles Heel in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E794. [PMID: 31614829 PMCID: PMC6826716 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development requires the careful orchestration of several biological events in order to create any structure and, eventually, to build an entire organism. On the other hand, the fate transformation of terminally differentiated cells is a consequence of erroneous development, and ultimately leads to cancer. In this review, we elaborate how development and cancer share several biological processes, including molecular controls. Transcription factors (TF) are at the helm of both these processes, among many others, and are evolutionarily conserved, ranging from yeast to humans. Here, we discuss four families of TFs that play a pivotal role and have been studied extensively in both embryonic development and cancer-high mobility group box (HMG), GATA, paired box (PAX) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) in the context of their role in development, cancer, and their conservation across several species. Finally, we review TFs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer and reflect on the importance of natural resistance against cancer in certain organisms, yielding knowledge regarding TF function and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Huilgol
- Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
| | | | - Saikat Nandi
- Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
| | - Sonali Bhattacharjee
- Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
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10
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Barooni AB, Ghorbani M, Salimi V, Alimohammadi A, Khamseh ME, Akbari H, Imani M, Nourbakhsh M, Sheikhi A, Shirian FI, Ameri M, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. Up-regulation of 15-lipoxygenase enzymes and products in functional and non-functional pituitary adenomas. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:152. [PMID: 31288808 PMCID: PMC6617742 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary adenoma accounts as a complex and multifactorial intracranial neoplasm with wide range of clinical symptoms which its underlying molecular mechanism has yet to be determined. The bioactive lipid mediators received attentions toward their contribution in cancer cell proliferation, progression and death. Amongst, 15-Lipoxygense (15-Lox) enzymes and products display appealing role in cancer pathogenesis which their possible effect in pituitary adenoma tumor genesis is perused in the current study. Methods The 15-Lipoxygenses isoforms expression level was evaluated in tumor tissues of prevalent functional and non-functional pituitary adenomas and normal pituitary tissues via Real-Time PCR. The circulating levels of 15(S) HETE and 13(S) HODE as 15-Lox main products were assessed in serum of patients and healthy subjects using enzyme immunoassay kits. Results Our results revealed that 15-Lox-1 and 15-Lox-2 expression levels were elevated in tumor tissues of pituitary adenomas comparing to normal pituitary tissues. The elevated levels of both isoforms were accompanied with 15(S) HETE and 13(S) HODE elevation in the serum of patients. The 15-Lox-1 expression and activity was higher in invasive tumors as well as tumors with bigger size indicating the possible pro-tumorigenic role of 15-Lox-1, more than 15-Lox-2 in pituitary adenomas. The diagnostic value of 15-Lipoxygense isoforms and products were considerable between patients and healthy groups. Conclusion The possible involvement of 15-Lipoxygense pathway especially 15-Lox-1 in the regulation of pituitary tumor growth and progression may open up new molecular mechanism regarding pituitary adenoma pathogenesis and might shed light on its new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaleh Bayat Barooni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Akbari
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Imani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sheikhi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Izak Shirian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ameri
- Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Oulès B, Rognoni E, Hoste E, Goss G, Fiehler R, Natsuga K, Quist S, Mentink R, Donati G, Watt FM. Mutant Lef1 controls Gata6 in sebaceous gland development and cancer. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.2018100526. [PMID: 30886049 PMCID: PMC6484415 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Lef1 occur in human and mouse sebaceous gland (SG) tumors, but their contribution to carcinogenesis remains unclear. Since Gata6 controls lineage identity in SG, we investigated the link between these two transcription factors. Here, we show that Gata6 is a β‐catenin‐independent transcriptional target of mutant Lef1. During epidermal development, Gata6 is expressed in a subset of Sox9‐positive Lef1‐negative hair follicle progenitors that give rise to the upper SG. Overexpression of Gata6 by in utero lentiviral injection is sufficient to induce ectopic sebaceous gland elements. In mice overexpressing mutant Lef1, Gata6 ablation increases the total number of skin tumors yet decreases the proportion of SG tumors. The increased tumor burden correlates with impaired DNA mismatch repair and decreased expression of Mlh1 and Msh2 genes, defects frequently observed in human sebaceous neoplasia. Gata6 specifically marks human SG tumors and also defines tumors with elements of sebaceous differentiation, including a subset of basal cell carcinomas. Our findings reveal that Gata6 controls sebaceous gland development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Oulès
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emanuel Rognoni
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Esther Hoste
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Unit for Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georgina Goss
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sven Quist
- Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Giacomo Donati
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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12
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Çolakoğlu M, Tunçer S, Banerjee S. Emerging cellular functions of the lipid metabolizing enzyme 15-Lipoxygenase-1. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12472. [PMID: 30062726 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic and linoleic acid through lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) leads to the production of bioactive lipids that are important both in the induction of acute inflammation and its resolution. Amongst the several isoforms of LOX that are expressed in mammals, 15-LOX-1 was shown to be important both in the context of inflammation, being expressed in cells of the immune system, and in epithelial cells where the enzyme has been shown to crosstalk with a number of important signalling pathways. This review looks into the latest developments in understanding the role of 15-LOX-1 in different disease states with emphasis on the emerging role of the enzyme in the tumour microenvironment as well as a newly re-discovered form of cell death called ferroptosis. We also discuss future perspectives on the feasibility of use of this protein as a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Çolakoğlu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Tunçer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Campbell K, Lebreton G, Franch-Marro X, Casanova J. Differential roles of the Drosophila EMT-inducing transcription factors Snail and Serpent in driving primary tumour growth. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007167. [PMID: 29420531 PMCID: PMC5821384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several transcription factors have been identified that activate an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which endows cells with the capacity to break through basement membranes and migrate away from their site of origin. A key program in development, in recent years it has been shown to be a crucial driver of tumour invasion and metastasis. However, several of these EMT-inducing transcription factors are often expressed long before the initiation of the invasion-metastasis cascade as well as in non-invasive tumours. Increasing evidence suggests that they may promote primary tumour growth, but their precise role in this process remains to be elucidated. To investigate this issue we have focused our studies on two Drosophila transcription factors, the classic EMT inducer Snail and the Drosophila orthologue of hGATAs4/6, Serpent, which drives an alternative mechanism of EMT; both Snail and GATA are specifically expressed in a number of human cancers, particularly at the invasive front and in metastasis. Thus, we recreated conditions of Snail and of Serpent high expression in the fly imaginal wing disc and analysed their effect. While either Snail or Serpent induced a profound loss of epithelial polarity and tissue organisation, Serpent but not Snail also induced an increase in the size of wing discs. Furthermore, the Serpent-induced tumour-like tissues were able to grow extensively when transplanted into the abdomen of adult hosts. We found the differences between Snail and Serpent to correlate with the genetic program they elicit; while activation of either results in an increase in the expression of Yorki target genes, Serpent additionally activates the Ras signalling pathway. These results provide insight into how transcription factors that induce EMT can also promote primary tumour growth, and how in some cases such as GATA factors a ‘multi hit’ effect may be achieved through the aberrant activation of just a single gene. Many cancer cells acquire abnormal motility behaviour leading to metastasis, the main cause of cancer related deaths. In many cancers, transcription factors capable of inducing motile migratory cell behaviours, so-called EMT transcription factors, are found highly expressed. However, the expression of these genes is not restricted to metastatic invasive cancers; they are often found in benign tumours, or in tumours long before they show any sign of metastasis. This observation motivated us to ask if they may play a role in driving primary tumour growth. Our results show that the Drosophila EMT-inducers Snail and Serpent are both capable of driving overproliferation. However, Snail overproliferation is accompanied by a decrease in cell size as well as cell death, and consequently the tissue does not increase in size. Serpent also drives cell proliferation but this occurs together with an increase in cell size, but not cell death, thus having a profound effect on the overall size of the tissue. We show that both Snail and Serpent trigger activation of the Yorki pathway and in addition Serpent, but not Snail, also triggers activation of the Ras pathway. These results provide insight into how activation of some EMT-inducing genes can also promote primary tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Campbell
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail: (KC); (JC)
| | - Gaëlle Lebreton
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Franch-Marro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Functional Genomics and Evolution, Department Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail: (KC); (JC)
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14
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Ho CFY, Bon CPE, Ng YK, Herr DR, Wu JS, Lin TN, Ong WY. Expression of DHA-Metabolizing Enzyme Alox15 is Regulated by Selective Histone Acetylation in Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:540-555. [PMID: 29235036 PMCID: PMC5842265 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is enriched in neural membranes of the CNS, and recent studies have shown a role of DHA metabolism by 15-lipoxygenase-1 (Alox15) in prefrontal cortex resolvin D1 formation, hippocampo-prefrontal cortical long-term-potentiation, spatial working memory, and anti-nociception/anxiety. In this study, we elucidated epigenetic regulation of Alox15 via histone modifications in neuron-like cells. Treatment of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate significantly increased Alox15 mRNA expression. Moreover, Alox15 expression was markedly upregulated by Class I HDAC inhibitors, MS-275 and depsipeptide. Co-treatment of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells with the p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor C646 and TSA or sodium butyrate showed that p300 HAT inhibition modulated TSA or sodium butyrate-induced Alox15 upregulation. Differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells with retinoic acid resulted in increased neurite outgrowth and Alox15 mRNA expression, while co-treatment with the p300 HAT inhibitor C646 and retinoic acid modulated the increases, indicating a role of p300 HAT in differentiation-associated Alox15 upregulation. Increasing Alox15 expression was found in primary murine cortical neurons during development from 3 to 10 days-in-vitro, reaching high levels of expression by 10 days-in-vitro—when Alox15 was not further upregulated by HDAC inhibition. Together, results indicate regulation of Alox15 mRNA expression in neuroblastoma cells by histone modifications, and increasing Alox15 expression in differentiating neurons. It is possible that one of the environmental influences on the immature brain that can affect cognition and memory, may take the form of epigenetic effects on Alox15 and metabolites of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Poh-Ee Bon
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Yee-Kong Ng
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Jui-Sheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore. .,Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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15
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Moussavi M, Haddad F, Rassouli FB, Iranshahi M, Soleymanifard S. Synergy between Auraptene, Ionizing Radiation, and Anticancer Drugs in Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1369-1375. [PMID: 28675489 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a growing health concern with increasing mortality rates, and resistance to anticancer drugs and radiotherapy is a serious drawback in its treatment. Auraptene is a natural prenyloxycoumarin with valuable anticancer effects. The aim of current study was to determine the synergy between auraptene, ionizing radiation, and chemotherapeutic drugs in colon adenocarcinoma cells for the first time. To do so, HT29 cells were treated with combination of auraptene + cisplatin, + doxorubicin, or + vincristine. Furthermore, cells were pretreated with nontoxic auraptene and then exposed to various doses of X-radiation. Assessment of cell viability not only indicated significant (p < 0.05) synergic effects of auraptene and anticancer agents, also revealed more significant (p < 0.01) increase in the toxicity of applied radiations in auraptene pretreated cells. Interesting synergy between auraptene and radiotherapy was then confirmed by morphological alterations, DAPI staining, and flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle. Moreover, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated significant (p < 0.01) overexpression of p21, but not GATA6, in auraptene pretreated cells after radiotherapy, and also significant (p < 0.01) down regulation of CD44 and ALDH1 by auraptene. According to present results, auraptene could be considered as an effective natural coumarin to improve the outcome of current chemoradiotherapy options. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moussavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farhang Haddad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh B Rassouli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Wang AB, Zhang YV, Tumbar T. Gata6 promotes hair follicle progenitor cell renewal by genome maintenance during proliferation. EMBO J 2016; 36:61-78. [PMID: 27908934 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation is essential to rapid tissue growth and repair, but can result in replication-associated genome damage. Here, we implicate the transcription factor Gata6 in adult mouse hair follicle regeneration where it controls the renewal of rapidly proliferating epithelial (matrix) progenitors and hence the extent of production of terminally differentiated lineages. We find that Gata6 protects against DNA damage associated with proliferation, thus preventing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that in vivo Gata6 stimulates EDA-receptor signaling adaptor Edaradd level and NF-κB pathway activation, known to be important for DNA damage repair and stress response in general and for hair follicle growth in particular. In cultured keratinocytes, Edaradd rescues DNA damage, cell survival, and proliferation of Gata6 knockout cells and restores MCM10 expression. Our data add to recent evidence in embryonic stem and neural progenitor cells, suggesting a model whereby developmentally regulated transcription factors protect from DNA damage associated with proliferation at key stages of rapid tissue growth. Our data may add to understanding why Gata6 is a frequent target of amplification in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ying V Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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17
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Pu Y, Yi Q, Zhao F, Wang H, Cai W, Cai S. MiR-20a-5p represses multi-drug resistance in osteosarcoma by targeting the KIF26B gene. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:64. [PMID: 27499703 PMCID: PMC4974744 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance hinders curative cancer chemotherapy in osteosarcoma (OS), resulting in only an approximately 20 % survival rate in patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for regulating chemotherapy resistance is crucial for improving OS treatment. METHODS This study was performed in two human OS cell lines (the multi-chemosensitive OS cell line G-292 and the multi-chemoresistant OS cell line SJSA-1). The levels of miR-20a-5p and KIF26B mRNA expression were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. KIF26B protein levels were determined by western blot analysis. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that miR-20a-5p was more highly expressed in G-292 cells than in SJSA-1 cells. Forced expression of miR-20a-5p counteracted OS cell chemoresistance in both cell culture and tumor xenografts in nude mice. One of miR-20a-5p's targets, kinesin family member 26B (KIF26B), was found to mediate the miR-20a-5p-induced reduction in OS chemoresistance by modulating the activities of the MAPK/ERK and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS In addition to providing mechanistic insights, our study revealed that miR-20a-5p and KIF26B contribute to OS chemoresistance and determined the roles of these genes in this process, which may be critical for characterizing drug responsiveness and overcoming chemoresistance in OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youguang Pu
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, West District of Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031 Anhui China
| | - Qiyi Yi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031 Anhui China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, West District of Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031 Anhui China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031 Anhui China
| | - Wenjing Cai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Shanbao Cai
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, West District of Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031 Anhui China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Anhui Cancer Hospital, West District of Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031 Anhui China
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18
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Ushijima H, Horyozaki A, Maeda M. Anisomycin-induced GATA-6 degradation accompanying a decrease of proliferation of colorectal cancer cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:481-485. [PMID: 27404124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor GATA-6 plays a key role in normal cell differentiation of the mesoderm and endoderm. On the other hand, GATA-6 is abnormally overexpressed in many clinical gastrointestinal cancer tissue samples, and accelerates cell proliferation or an anti-apoptotic response in cancerous tissues. We previously showed that activation of the JNK signaling cascade causes proteolysis of GATA-6. In this study, we demonstrated that anisomycin, a JNK activator, stimulates nuclear export of GATA-6 in a colorectal cancer cell line, DLD-1. Concomitantly, anisomycin remarkably inhibits the proliferation of DLD-1 cells via G2/M arrest in a plate culture. However, it did not induce apoptosis under growth arrest conditions. Furthermore, the growth of DLD-1 cells in a spheroid culture was suppressed by anisomycin. Although 5-FU showed only a slight inhibitory effect on 3D spheroid cultures, the same concentration of 5-FU together with a low concentration of anisomycin exhibited strong growth inhibition. These results suggest that the induction of GATA-6 dysfunction may be more effective for chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, although the mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of 5-FU and anisomycin remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Ushijima
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Shiwagun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Akiko Horyozaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Shiwagun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Masatomo Maeda
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Shiwagun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
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19
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Song Y, Tian T, Fu X, Wang W, Li S, Shi T, Suo A, Ruan Z, Guo H, Yao Y. GATA6 is overexpressed in breast cancer and promotes breast cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition by upregulating slug expression. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:617-27. [PMID: 26505174 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer (BC) patients. However, until now, the mechanisms of BC metastasis remain elusive. GATA6 is a member of the GATA transcription factor family that plays critical regulatory roles in tissue development, which has been proposed as an oncogene in many types of tumors; however, its role and underlying mechanisms in BC remain unclear. Here we show that GATA6 is elevated in BC and its expression level is positively correlated with metastasis. In addition Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high expression of GATA6 was associated with decreased overall survival of BC patients. Overexpression of GATA6 in BC cells increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In contrast, silencing GATA6 in aggressive BC cells inhibited this process. Mechanistically, we found GATA6 exerts its function through active slug transcription. Slug knockdown blocked the GATA6-driven EMT. Furthermore, slug expression in human BC is positively correlated with GATA6 expression. Our results, for the first time, portray a pivotal role of GATA6 in regulating metastatic behaviors of BC cells, suggesting GATA6 is a potential therapeutic target in metastatic BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Song
- Department of Oncological Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Suoni Li
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Aili Suo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhiping Ruan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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20
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Pavlov K, Honing J, Meijer C, Boersma-van Ek W, Peters FTM, van den Berg A, Karrenbeld A, Plukker JTM, Kruyt FAE, Kleibeuker JH. GATA6 expression in Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2015; 47:73-80. [PMID: 25445407 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett's oesophagus can progress towards oesophageal adenocarcinoma through a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The transcription factor GATA6 is known to be involved in columnar differentiation and proliferation, and GATA6 gene amplification was recently linked with poor survival in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. AIM To study the expression of GATA6 during Barrett's oesophagus development and malignant transformation. To determine the prognostic value of GATA6 in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Two retrospective cohorts were derived from the pathological archive of the University Medical Center Groningen. The first cohort contained 130 tissue samples of normal squamous epithelium, metaplasia, dysplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The second cohort consisted of a tissue microarray containing tissue from 92 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine GATA6 protein expression and to correlate GATA6 expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma with overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS The percentage of GATA6-positive cells was low in squamous epithelium (10%) but increased progressively in Barrett's oesophagus (30%, P < 0.001) and high-grade dysplasia (82%, P = 0.005). GATA6 expression was not associated with overall or disease-free survival in oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients (P = 0.599 and P = 0.700 respectively). CONCLUSION GATA6 expression is progressively increased during Barrett's oesophagus development and its malignant transformation. However, no prognostic value of GATA6 expression could be found in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Pavlov
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Honing
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coby Meijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wytske Boersma-van Ek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans T M Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Karrenbeld
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John T M Plukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Kleibeuker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Whiffin N, Hosking FJ, Farrington SM, Palles C, Dobbins SE, Zgaga L, Lloyd A, Kinnersley B, Gorman M, Tenesa A, Broderick P, Wang Y, Barclay E, Hayward C, Martin L, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Hopper J, Jenkins M, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Conti D, Schumacher F, Casey G, Liu T, Campbell H, Lindblom A, Houlston RS, Tomlinson IP, Dunlop MG. Identification of susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer in a genome-wide meta-analysis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4729-37. [PMID: 24737748 PMCID: PMC4133584 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify common variants influencing colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, we performed a meta-analysis of five genome-wide association studies, comprising 5626 cases and 7817 controls of European descent. We conducted replication of top ranked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in additional series totalling 14 037 cases and 15 937 controls, identifying a new CRC risk locus at 10q24.2 [rs1035209; odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, P = 4.54 × 10(-11)]. We also performed meta-analysis of our studies, with previously published data, of several recently purported CRC risk loci. We failed to find convincing evidence for a previously reported genome-wide association at rs11903757 (2q32.3). Of the three additional loci for which evidence of an association in Europeans has been previously described we failed to show an association between rs59336 (12q24.21) and CRC risk. However, for the other two SNPs, our analyses demonstrated new, formally significant associations with CRC. These are rs3217810 intronic in CCND2 (12p13.32; OR = 1.19, P = 2.16 × 10(-10)) and rs10911251 near LAMC1 (1q25.3; OR = 1.09, P = 1.75 × 10(-8)). Additionally, we found some evidence to support a relationship between, rs647161, rs2423297 and rs10774214 and CRC risk originally identified in East Asians in our European datasets. Our findings provide further insights into the genetic and biological basis of inherited genetic susceptibility to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Whiffin
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Fay J Hosking
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara E Dobbins
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Amy Lloyd
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Maggie Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Albert Tenesa
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Yufei Wang
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ella Barclay
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steve Gallinger
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fred Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ian P Tomlinson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Aronson BE, Stapleton KA, Vissers LATM, Stokhuijzen E, Bruijnzeel H, Krasinski SD. Spdef deletion rescues the crypt cell proliferation defect in conditional Gata6 null mouse small intestine. BMC Mol Biol 2014; 15:3. [PMID: 24472151 PMCID: PMC3917371 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-15-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GATA transcription factors are essential for self-renewal of the small intestinal epithelium. Gata4 is expressed in the proximal 85% of small intestine while Gata6 is expressed throughout the length of small intestine. Deletion of intestinal Gata4 and Gata6 results in an altered proliferation/differentiation phenotype, and an up-regulation of SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (Spdef), a transcription factor recently shown to act as a tumor suppressor. The goal of this study is to determine to what extent SPDEF mediates the downstream functions of GATA4/GATA6 in the small intestine. The hypothesis to be tested is that intestinal GATA4/GATA6 functions through SPDEF by repressing Spdef gene expression. To test this hypothesis, we defined the functions most likely regulated by the overlapping GATA6/SPDEF target gene set in mouse intestine, delineated the relationship between GATA6 chromatin occupancy and Spdef gene regulation in Caco-2 cells, and determined the extent to which prevention of Spdef up-regulation by Spdef knockout rescues the GATA6 phenotype in conditional Gata6 knockout mouse ileum. Results Using publicly available profiling data, we found that 83% of GATA6-regulated genes are also regulated by SPDEF, and that proliferation/cancer is the function most likely to be modulated by this overlapping gene set. In human Caco-2 cells, GATA6 knockdown results in an up-regulation of Spdef gene expression, modeling our mouse Gata6 knockout data. GATA6 occupies a genetic locus located 40 kb upstream of the Spdef transcription start site, consistent with direct regulation of Spdef gene expression by GATA6. Prevention of Spdef up-regulation in conditional Gata6 knockout mouse ileum by the additional deletion of Spdef rescued the crypt cell proliferation defect, but had little effect on altered lineage differentiation or absorptive enterocytes gene expression. Conclusion SPDEF is a key, immediate downstream effecter of the crypt cell proliferation function of GATA4/GATA6 in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen D Krasinski
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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van Leyen K. Lipoxygenase: an emerging target for stroke therapy. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2013; 12:191-9. [PMID: 23394536 DOI: 10.2174/18715273112119990053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotection as approach to stroke therapy has recently seen a revival of sorts, fueled in part by the continuing necessity to improve acute stroke care, and in part by the identification of novel drug targets. 12/15- Lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), one of the key enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade, contributes to both neuronal cell death and vascular injury. Inhibition of 12/15-LOX may thus provide multifactorial protection against ischemic injury. Targeting 12/15-LOX and related eicosanoid pathways is the subject of this brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., R. 2401, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) regulate vascular tone by contributing to the vasorelaxations to shear stress and endothelial agonists such as bradykinin and acetylcholine. 15(S)-Hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (15-H-11,12-EETA) and 11(R),12(S),15(S)-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12,15-THETA) are endothelial metabolites of the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism and are EDHFs. 11,12,15-THETA activates small conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels on smooth muscle cells causing membrane hyperpolarization, and relaxation. Expression levels of 15-LO in the endothelium regulate the activity of the 15-LO/15-H-11,12-EETA/11,12,15-THETA pathway and its contribution to vascular tone. Regulation of its expression is by transcriptional, translational, and epigenetic mechanisms. Hypoxia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, anemia, estrogen, interleukins, and possibly other hormones increase 15-LO expression. An increase in 15-LO results in increased synthesis of 15-H-11,12-EETA and 11,12,15-THETA, increased membrane hyperpolarization, and enhanced contribution to relaxation by endothelial agonists. Thus, the 15-LO pathway represents the first example of an inducible EDHF. In addition to 15-LO metabolites, a number of chemicals have been identified as EDHFs and their contributions to vascular tone vary with species and vascular bed. The reason for multiple EDHFs has evaded explanation. However, EDHF functioning as constitutive EDHFs or inducible EDHFs may explain the need for chemically and biochemically distinct pathways for EDHF activity and the variation in EDHFs between species and vascular beds. This new EDHF classification provides a framework for understanding EDHF activity in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Klil-Drori AJ, Ariel A. 15-Lipoxygenases in cancer: a double-edged sword? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 106:16-22. [PMID: 23933488 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the lipoxygenases, a diverse family of fatty acid dioxygenases with varying tissue-specific expression, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) was found to be involved in many aspects of human cancer, such as angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, metastasis formation, and direct and indirect tumor suppression. Herein, evidence for the expression and action of 15-LOX and its orthologs in various neoplasms, including solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, is reviewed. The debate surrounding the impact of 15-LOX as either a tumor-promoting or a tumor-suppressing enzyme is highlighted and discussed in the context of its role in other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi J Klil-Drori
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O. Box 9602, Haifa 31096, Israel
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26
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SHEN FEI, LI JIANGLIN, CAI WENSONG, ZHU GUANGHUI, GU WEILI, JIA LIN, XU BO. GATA6 predicts prognosis and hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1355-61. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Whitfield TW, Wang J, Collins PJ, Partridge EC, Aldred SF, Trinklein ND, Myers RM, Weng Z. Functional analysis of transcription factor binding sites in human promoters. Genome Biol 2012; 13:R50. [PMID: 22951020 PMCID: PMC3491394 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-9-r50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The binding of transcription factors to specific locations in the genome is integral to the orchestration of transcriptional regulation in cells. To characterize transcription factor binding site function on a large scale, we predicted and mutagenized 455 binding sites in human promoters. We carried out functional tests on these sites in four different immortalized human cell lines using transient transfections with a luciferase reporter assay, primarily for the transcription factors CTCF, GABP, GATA2, E2F, STAT, and YY1. Results In each cell line, between 36% and 49% of binding sites made a functional contribution to the promoter activity; the overall rate for observing function in any of the cell lines was 70%. Transcription factor binding resulted in transcriptional repression in more than a third of functional sites. When compared with predicted binding sites whose function was not experimentally verified, the functional binding sites had higher conservation and were located closer to transcriptional start sites (TSSs). Among functional sites, repressive sites tended to be located further from TSSs than were activating sites. Our data provide significant insight into the functional characteristics of YY1 binding sites, most notably the detection of distinct activating and repressing classes of YY1 binding sites. Repressing sites were located closer to, and often overlapped with, translational start sites and presented a distinctive variation on the canonical YY1 binding motif. Conclusions The genomic properties that we found to associate with functional TF binding sites on promoters -- conservation, TSS proximity, motifs and their variations -- point the way to improved accuracy in future TFBS predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy W Whitfield
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Yang P, Cartwright CA, Li J, Wen S, Prokhorova IN, Shureiqi I, Troncoso P, Navone NM, Newman RA, Kim J. Arachidonic acid metabolism in human prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1495-503. [PMID: 22895552 PMCID: PMC3982713 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid pathway is important in the development and progression of numerous malignant diseases, including prostate cancer. To more fully evaluate the role of individual cyclooxygenases (COXs), lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their metabolites in prostate cancer, we measured mRNA and protein levels of COXs and LOXs and their arachidonate metabolites in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3 and DU145) prostate cancer cell lines, bone metastasis-derived MDA PCa 2a and MDA PCa 2b cell lines and their corresponding xenograft models, as well as core biopsy specimens of primary prostate cancer and nonneoplastic prostate tissue taken ex vivo after prostatectomy. Relatively high levels of COX-2 mRNA and its product PGE2 were observed only in PC-3 cells and their xenografts. By contrast, levels of the exogenous 12-LOX product 12-HETE were consistently higher in MDA PCa 2b and PC-3 cells and their corresponding xenograft tissues than were those in LNCaP cells. More strikingly, the mean endogenous level of 12-HETE was significantly higher in the primary prostate cancers than in the nonneoplastic prostate tissue (0.094 vs. 0.010 ng/mg protein, respectively; p=0.019). Our results suggest that LOX metabolites such as 12-HETE are critical in prostate cancer progression and that the LOX pathway may be a target for treating and preventing prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Yang
- Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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GATA6 is required for proliferation, migration, secretory cell maturation, and gene expression in the mature mouse colon. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:3392-402. [PMID: 22733991 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00070-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled renewal of the epithelium with precise cell distribution and gene expression patterns is essential for colonic function. GATA6 is expressed in the colonic epithelium, but its function in the colon is currently unknown. To define GATA6 function in the colon, we conditionally deleted Gata6 throughout the epithelium of small and large intestines of adult mice. In the colon, Gata6 deletion resulted in shorter, wider crypts, a decrease in proliferation, and a delayed crypt-to-surface epithelial migration rate. Staining techniques and electron microscopy indicated deficient maturation of goblet cells, and coimmunofluorescence demonstrated alterations in specific hormones produced by the endocrine L cells and serotonin-producing cells. Specific colonocyte genes were significantly downregulated. In LS174T, the colonic adenocarcinoma cell line, Gata6 knockdown resulted in a significant downregulation of a similar subset of goblet cell and colonocyte genes, and GATA6 was found to occupy active loci in enhancers and promoters of some of these genes, suggesting that they are direct targets of GATA6. These data demonstrate that GATA6 is necessary for proliferation, migration, lineage maturation, and gene expression in the mature colonic epithelium.
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Ushijima H, Maeda M. cAMP-dependent proteolysis of GATA-6 is linked to JNK-signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:679-83. [PMID: 22695114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited cAMP-dependent proteolysis of GATA-6 by proteasomes around its IC50. We further examined the effects of SP600125 on the degradation of GATA-6 in detail, since an activator of JNK (anisomycin) is available. Interestingly, anisomycin immediately stimulated the export of nuclear GATA-6 into the cytoplasm, and then the cytoplasmic content of GATA-6 decreased slowly through degradation by proteasomes. Such an effect of anisomycin was inhibited by SP600125, indicating that the observed phenomenon might be linked to the JNK signaling pathway. The inhibitory effect of SP600125 could not be ascribed to the inhibition of PKA, since phosphorylation of CREB occurred in the presence of dbcAMP and SP600125. The nuclear export of GATA-6 was inhibited by leptomycin B, suggesting that CRM1-mediated export could be activated by anisomycin. Furthermore, it seems likely that the JNK activated by anisomycin may stimulate not only the nuclear export of GATA-6 through CRM1 but also the degradation of GATA-6 by cytoplasmic proteasomes. In contrast, A-kinase might activate only the latter process through JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Ushijima
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Shiwagun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
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Campbell K, Whissell G, Franch-Marro X, Batlle E, Casanova J. Specific GATA factors act as conserved inducers of an endodermal-EMT. Dev Cell 2012; 21:1051-61. [PMID: 22172671 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) converts cells from static epithelial to migratory mesenchymal states (Hay, 1995). Here, we demonstrate that EMT in the Drosophila endoderm is dependent on the GATA-factor Serpent (Srp), and that Srp acts as a potent trigger for this transition when activated ectopically. We show that Srp affects endodermal-EMT through a downregulation of junctional dE-Cadherin (dE-Cad) protein, without a block in its transcription. Moreover, the relocalization of dE-Cad is achieved through the direct repression of crumbs (crb) by Srp. Finally, we show that hGATA-6, an ortholog of Srp, induces a similar transition in mammalian cells. Similar to Srp, hGATA-6 acts through the downregulation of junctional E-Cad, without blocking its transcription, and induces the repression of a Crumbs ortholog, crb2. Together, these results identify a set of GATA factors as a conserved alternative trigger to repress epithelial characteristics and confer migratory capabilities on epithelial cells in development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Campbell
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona-CSIC, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) is an inducible and highly regulated enzyme in normal human cells that plays a key role in the production of lipid signaling mediators, such as 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) from linoleic acid. 15-LOX-1 significantly contributes to the resolution of inflammation and to the terminal differentiation of normal cells. 15-LOX-1 is downregulated in human colorectal polyps and cancers. Emerging data support a tumor suppressor role for 15-LOX-1, especially in colon cancer. These data indicate that 15-LOX-1 promotes various anti-tumorigenic events, including cell differentiation and apoptosis, and inhibits chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The transcriptional repression of 15-LOX-1 in colon cancer cells is complex and involves multiple mechanisms (e.g., histone methylation, transcriptional repressor binding). Re-expression of 15-LOX-1 in colon cancer cells can function as an important therapeutic mechanism and could be further exploited to develop novel treatment approaches for this common cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun IL Lee
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Imad Shureiqi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Abstract
It has been almost a quarter century since it was first appreciated that a class of oncogenes contained in rapidly transforming avian retroviruses encoded DNA-binding transcription factors. As with other oncogenes, genetic recombination with the viral genome led to their overexpression or functional alteration. In the years that followed, alterations of numerous transcription factors were shown to be causatively involved in various cancers in human patients and model organisms. Depending on their normal cellular functions, these factors were subsequently categorized as proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This review focuses on the role of GATA transcription factors in carcinogenesis. GATA factors are zinc finger DNA binding proteins that control the development of diverse tissues by activating or repressing transcription. GATA factors thus coordinate cellular maturation with proliferation arrest and cell survival. Therefore, a role of this family of genes in human cancers is not surprising. Prominent examples include structural mutations in GATA1 that are found in almost all megakaryoblastic leukemias in patients with Down syndrome; loss of GATA3 expression in aggressive, dedifferentiated breast cancers; and silencing of GATA4 and GATA5 expression in colorectal and lung cancers. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis vis-à-vis the normal functions of GATA factors as they pertain to human patients and mouse models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Zheng
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Liu C, Schain F, Han H, Xu D, Andersson-Sand H, Forsell P, Claesson HE, Björkholm M, Sjöberg J. Epigenetic and transcriptional control of the 15-lipoxygenase-1 gene in a Hodgkin lymphoma cell line. Exp Cell Res 2011; 318:169-76. [PMID: 22094113 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases oxidatively metabolize polyunsaturated fatty acids to a rich spectrum of biologically active metabolites. The present study aimed at delineating the transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms leading to 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) expression in the Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cell line L1236. Examination of the 15-LOX-1 5' promoter region demonstrated three putative binding sites for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT6) within the proximal 1200 base pairs relative to the start codon. Analysis by serial promoter deletions and STAT6 binding site mutations indicated that all three STAT6 binding sites are required for full activation of the 15-LOX-1 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that these regions were occupied by STAT6 in L1236 (15-LOX-1 positive) but not in L428 (15-LOX-1 negative) cultured HL cells. Furthermore, DNA hypomethylation and histone hyperacetylation were detectable within the core promoter region of 15-LOX-1 only in L1236 cells but not L428 cells. Taken together, our data indicate that STAT6 activation and chromatin remodeling by DNA demethylation and histone acetylation are crucial for transcriptional activation of 15-LOX-1 in cultured HL cells. These prerequisites are fulfilled in the L1236 cell line, but not in the L428 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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GATA6 activates Wnt signaling in pancreatic cancer by negatively regulating the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22129. [PMID: 21811562 PMCID: PMC3139620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease characterized by late diagnosis and treatment resistance. Recurrent genetic alterations in defined genes in association with perturbations of developmental cell signaling pathways have been associated with PDAC development and progression. Here, we show that GATA6 contributes to pancreatic carcinogenesis during the temporal progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia by virtue of Wnt pathway activation. GATA6 is recurrently amplified by both quantitative-PCR and fluorescent in-situ hybridization in human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and in PDAC tissues, and GATA6 copy number is significantly correlated with overall patient survival. Forced overexpression of GATA6 in cancer cell lines enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar in vitro and growth in vivo, as well as increased Wnt signaling. By contrast siRNA mediated knockdown of GATA6 led to corresponding decreases in these same parameters. The effects of GATA6 were found to be due to its ability to bind DNA, as forced overexpression of a DNA-binding mutant of GATA6 had no effects on cell growth in vitro or in vivo, nor did they affect Wnt signaling levels in these same cells. A microarray analysis revealed the Wnt antagonist Dickopf-1 (DKK1) as a dysregulated gene in association with GATA6 knockdown, and direct binding of GATA6 to the DKK1 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Transient transfection of GATA6, but not mutant GATA6, into cancer cell lines led to decreased DKK1 mRNA expression and secretion of DKK1 protein into culture media. Forced overexpression of DKK1 antagonized the effects of GATA6 on Wnt signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. These findings illustrate that one mechanism by which GATA6 promotes pancreatic carcinogenesis is by virtue of its activation of canonical Wnt signaling via regulation of DKK1.
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GATA6 promotes colon cancer cell invasion by regulating urokinase plasminogen activator gene expression. Neoplasia 2011; 12:856-65. [PMID: 21076612 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA6 is a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in the colorectal epithelium. We have examined the expression of GATA6 in colon cancers and investigated the mechanisms by which GATA6 regulates colon cancer cell invasion. GATA6 was overexpressed in colorectal polyps and primary and metastatic tumors. GATA6 was strongly expressed in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of the colon cancer cells. GATA6 expression was upregulated in invasive HT29 and KM12L4 cells compared with the parental HT29 and KM12 cells and positively correlated with urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene expression. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of GATA6 resulted in reduced uPA gene expression and cell invasion. GATA6 bound to the uPA gene regulatory sequences in vivo and activated uPA promoter activity in vitro. uPA promoter deletion analysis indicated that the promoter proximal Sp1 sites were required for GATA6 activation of the uPA promoter. Accordingly, GATA6 physically associated with Sp1 and siRNA knockdown of Sp1 decreased GATA6 activation of the uPA promoter activity suggesting that Sp1 recruits GATA6 to the uPA promoter and mediates GATA6 induced activation of the uPA promoter activity. On the basis of our results, we conclude that GATA6 is an important regulator of uPA gene expression, and the dysregulated expression of GATA6 contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis and tumor invasion.
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Shureiqi I, Chen D, Day RS, Zuo X, Hochman FL, Ross WA, Cole RA, Moy O, Morris JS, Xiao L, Newman RA, Yang P, Lippman SM. Profiling lipoxygenase metabolism in specific steps of colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:829-38. [PMID: 20570882 PMCID: PMC2900425 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) are key enzymes for the oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids into biologically active products. Clinical data on comparative levels of various LOX products in tumorigenesis are lacking. Therefore, we examined the profiles of several LOX products (5-LOX, 12-LOX, 15-LOX-1, and 15-LOX-2) by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in the major steps of colorectal tumorigenesis (normal, polyp, and cancer) in a clinical study of 125 subjects (49 with normal colon, 36 with colorectal polyps, and 40 with colorectal cancer) who underwent prospective colorectal biopsies to control for various potential confounding factors (e.g., diet, medications). Mean 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) levels were significantly higher in normal colon [mean, 36.11 ng/mg protein; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 31.56-40.67] than in paired colorectal cancer mucosa (mean, 27.01 ng/mg protein; 95% CI, 22.00-32.02; P = 0.0002), and in normal colon (mean, 37.15 ng/mg protein; 95% CI, 31.95-42.34) than in paired colorectal polyp mucosa (mean, 28.07 ng/mg protein; 95% CI, 23.66-32.48; P < 0.001). Mean 13-HODE levels, however, were similar between the left (mean, 37.15 ng/mg protein; 95% CI, 31.95-42.35) and the right normal colon (mean, 32.46 ng/mg protein; 95% CI, 27.95-36.98; P = 0.09). No significant differences with regard to 12- or 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid or leukotriene B(4) levels were detected between normal, polyp, and cancer mucosae. 15-LOX-1 inhibited interleukin-1beta expression. This study establishes that reduced 13-HODE levels are a specific alteration in the LOX product profile associated with human colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Shureiqi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030-4009, USA.
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Cimen I, Tunçay S, Banerjee S. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 expression suppresses the invasive properties of colorectal carcinoma cell lines HCT-116 and HT-29. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:2283-91. [PMID: 19775287 PMCID: PMC11159828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is often lethal when invasion and/or metastasis occur. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1), a member of the inflammatory eicosanoid pathway, oxidatively metabolizes linoleic acid and its expression is repressed in CRC. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that the lack of 15-LO-1 expression in CRC cells might contribute to tumorigenesis. Therefore we introduced 15-LO-1 into HCT-116 and HT-29 cells that do not have detectable levels of 15-LO-1. Our data indicate that expression of 15-LO-1 significantly decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In addition, we observed a reduction in adhesion to fibronectin, anchorage-independent growth on soft agar, cellular motility and ability to heal a scratch wound, and migratory and invasive capacity across Matrigel. 15-LO-1 expression also reduced the expression of metastasis associated protein-1, a part of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase silencing complex. We propose that 15-LO-1 expression in CRC might contribute to the inhibition of metastatic capacity in vitro and can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Cimen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zuo X, Morris JS, Broaddus R, Shureiqi I. 15-LOX-1 transcription suppression through the NuRD complex in colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2009; 28:1496-505. [PMID: 19198625 PMCID: PMC2743348 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) is transcriptionally silenced in cancer cells, and its transcription reactivation (for example, through histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs)) restores apoptosis to cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism underlying 15-LOX-1 transcription reactivation in cancer cells is still undefined. Therefore, we evaluated the critical mechanisms required for 15-LOX-1 transcription reactivation in colon cancer cells. Specific HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibition activated 15-LOX-1 transcription. 15-LOX-1 transcription was repressed through transcription repressor complex recruitment in the region of -120 to -391 of the 15-LOX-1 promoter. The nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase (NuRD) repression complex was recruited to this region. Depsipeptide significantly reduced the recruitment of NuRD key components (for example, metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) and HDAC1) to the 15-LOX-1 promoter before 15-LOX-1 transcriptional activation. Knock down of NuRD key components (for example, MTA1 and HDAC1) by small interfering RNA (siRNA) activated 15-LOX-1 transcription, as measured by luciferase reporter assays in stably transfected SW480 cells with the 15-LOX-1 promoter construct of the -391, but not the -120 region. Relative to expression in normal tissue, MTA1 expression in colorectal cancer mucosa from colorectal cancer patients was negatively related to 15-LOX-1 expression. Thus, our results show that NuRD contributes to 15-LOX-1 transcription suppression in colon cancer cells and that HDACIs can inhibit NuRD recruitment to a promoter to activate gene transcription, as in the case of 15-LOX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zuo
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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El-Serag HB, Nurgalieva ZZ, Mistretta TA, Finegold MJ, Souza R, Hilsenbeck S, Shaw C, Darlington G. Gene expression in Barrett's esophagus: laser capture versus whole tissue. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 44:787-95. [PMID: 19391063 PMCID: PMC2822542 DOI: 10.1080/00365520902898127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is typically done through morphologic analysis of esophageal tissue biopsy. Such samples contain several cell types. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) allows the isolation of specific cells from heterogeneous cell populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of overlap of the two sample types and to define a set of genes that might serve as biochemical markers for BE. MATERIAL AND METHODS Biopsies were obtained from regions of the glandular tissue of BE and normal esophagus from 9 subjects with BE. Samples from 5 subjects were examined as whole tissue (BE [whole]; E [whole]), and in 4 subjects the glandular epithelium of BE was isolated using LCM (BE [LCM]) and compared with the averaged values (E [LCM]) for both basal cell (B [LCM]) and squamous cell (S [LCM]) epithelium. RESULTS Gene expression revealed 1797 probe sets between BE [whole] and E [whole] (fold change > 2.0; p<0.001). Most of these genes (74%) were also differentially expressed between BE [LCM] and E [LCM], showing that there was high concordance between the two sampling methods. LCM provided a great deal of additional information (2113 genes) about the alterations in gene expression that may represent the BE phenotype. CONCLUSIONS There are differences in gene expression profiles depending on whether specimens are whole tissue biopsies or LCM dissected. Whole tissue biopsies should prove satisfactory for diagnostic purposes. Because the data from LCM samples delineated many more Barrett's-specific genes, this procedure might provide more information regarding pathogenesis than would whole tissue material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem B El-Serag
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Administration Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhannat Z Nurgalieva
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Administration Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Toni-Ann Mistretta
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Milton J Finegold
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Cancer Center at Baylor College, Houston, USA
| | | | | | - Chad Shaw
- Molecular & Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Oberthuer A, Kaderali L, Kahlert Y, Hero B, Westermann F, Berthold F, Brors B, Eils R, Fischer M. Subclassification and individual survival time prediction from gene expression data of neuroblastoma patients by using CASPAR. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6590-601. [PMID: 18927300 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict individual survival times for neuroblastoma patients from gene expression data using the cancer survival prediction using automatic relevance determination (CASPAR) algorithm. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A first set of oligonucleotide microarray gene expression profiles comprising 256 neuroblastoma patients was generated. Then, CASPAR was combined with a leave-one-out cross-validation to predict individual times for both the whole cohort and subgroups of patients with unfavorable markers, including stage 4 disease (n = 67), unfavorable genetic alterations, intermediate-risk or high-risk stratification by the German neuroblastoma trial, and patients predicted as unfavorable by a recently described gene expression classifier (n = 83). Prediction accuracy of individual survival times was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analyses and time-dependent receiver operator characteristics curve analyses. Subsequently, classification results were validated in an independent cohort (n = 120). RESULTS CASPAR separated patients with divergent outcome in both the initial and the validation cohort [initial set, 5y-OS 0.94 +/- 0.04 (predicted long survival) versus 0.38 +/- 0.17 (predicted short survival), P < 0.0001; validation cohort, 5y-OS 0.94 +/- 0.07 (long) versus 0.40 +/- 0.13 (short), P < 0.0001]. Time-dependent receiver operator characteristics analyses showed that CASPAR-predicted individual survival times were highly accurate (initial set, mean area under the curve for first 10 years of overall survival prediction 0.92 +/- 0.04; validation set, 0.81 +/- 0.05). Furthermore, CASPAR significantly discriminated short (<5 years) from long survivors (>5 years) in subgroups of patients with unfavorable markers with the exception of MYCN-amplified patients (initial set). Confirmatory results with high significance were observed in the validation cohort [stage 4 disease (P = 0.0049), NB2004 intermediate-risk or high-risk stratification (P = 0.0017), and unfavorable gene expression prediction (P = 0.0017)]. CONCLUSIONS CASPAR accurately forecasts individual survival times for neuroblastoma patients from gene expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Oberthuer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Zuo X, Morris JS, Shureiqi I. Chromatin modification requirements for 15-lipoxygenase-1 transcriptional reactivation in colon cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:31341-7. [PMID: 18799463 PMCID: PMC2581547 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803729200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) contributes significantly to inflammation regulation and terminal cell differentiation. 15-LOX-1 is transcriptionally silenced in cancer cells, and its transcriptional reactivation (e.g. via histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs)) is essential for restoring terminal cell differentiation to cancer cells. STAT-6 acetylation via the histone acetyltransferase KAT3B has been proposed to be necessary for 15-LOX-1 transcriptional activation. However, the exact mechanism underlying 15-LOX-1 transcriptional reactivation in cancer cells is still undefined, especially in regard to the contribution of 15-LOX-1 promoter histone modifications. We therefore examined the relative mechanistic contributions of 15-LOX-1 promoter histone modifications and STAT-6 to 15-LOX-1 transcriptional reactivation by HDACIs in colon cancer cells. We found that: 1) histone H3 and H4 acetylation in the 15-LOX-1 promoter through KAT3B was critical to 15-LOX-1 transcriptional activation; 2) 15-LOX-1 transcription was activated independently from STAT-6; and 3) dimethyl-histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2) demethylation in the 15-LOX-1 promoter via the histone lysine demethylase KDM3A was an early and specific histone modification and was necessary for activation of transcription. These findings demonstrate that histone modification in the 15-LOX-1 promoter is important to 15-LOX-1 transcriptional silencing in colon cancer cells and that HDACIs can activate gene transcription via KDM3A demethylation of H3K9me2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Wu Y, Fang B, Yang XQ, Wang L, Chen D, Krasnykh V, Carter BZ, Morris JS, Shureiqi I. Therapeutic molecular targeting of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in colon cancer. Mol Ther 2008; 16:886-892. [PMID: 18388920 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeting for apoptosis induction is being developed for better treatment of cancer. Downregulation of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) is linked to colorectal tumorigenesis. Re-expression of 15-LOX-1 in cancer cells by pharmaceutical agents induces apoptosis. Antitumorigenic agents can also induce apoptosis via other molecular targets. Whether restoring 15-LOX-1 expression in cancer cells is therapeutically sufficient to inhibit colonic tumorigenesis remains unknown. We tested this question using an adenoviral delivery system to express 15-LOX-1 in in vitro and in vivo models of colon cancer. We found that (i) the adenoviral vector 5/3 fiber modification enhanced 15-LOX-1 gene transduction in various colorectal cancer cell lines, (ii) the adenoviral vector delivery restored 15-LOX-1 expression and enzymatic activity to therapeutic levels in colon cancer cell lines, and (iii) 15-LOX-1 expression downregulated the expression of the antiapoptotic proteins X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and BcL-XL, activated caspase-3, triggered apoptosis, and inhibited cancer cell survival in vitro and the growth of colon cancer xenografts in vivo. Thus, selective molecular targeting of 15-LOX-1 expression is sufficient to re-establish apoptosis in colon cancer cells and inhibit tumorigenesis. These data provide the rationale for further development of therapeutic strategies to target 15-LOX-1 molecularly for treating colonic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
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15-lipoxygenase-1 production is lost in pancreatic cancer and overexpression of the gene inhibits tumor cell growth. Neoplasia 2007; 9:917-26. [PMID: 18030360 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer patients have an abysmal prognosis because of late diagnosis and lack of therapeutic options. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), the precursor lesions, are a potential target for chemoprevention. Targeting eicosanoid pathways is an obvious choice because 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) has been suggested as a tumor promoter in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Here we provide evidence that 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) expression and activity may exert antitumorigenic effects in pancreatic cancer. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis showed absence or very weak expression of 15-LOX-1 in all pancreatic cancer cell lines tested. 15-LOX-1 was strongly stained in normal ductal cells, tubular complexes, and centroacinar cells, but no staining was seen in islets, cancer cells, PanIN lesions, or in tumor cells in lymph node metastases, indicating that 15-LOX-1 expression is lost during tumor development in human pancreas. Overexpression of 15-LOX-1 in pancreatic tumor cells or treatment with its arachidonic acid-derived metabolite resulted in decreased cell growth. These findings provide evidence that loss of 15-LOX-1 may play an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis, possibly as a tumor suppressor gene. Thus, induction of 15-LOX-1 expression may be an attractive option for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Prokopov AF. Theoretical Paper:Exploring Overlooked Natural Mitochondria-Rejuvenative Intervention: The Puzzle of Bowhead Whales and Naked Mole Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2007; 10:543-60. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2007.0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bleau AM, Holland EC. Trapping the mouse genome to hunt human alterations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:7737-8. [PMID: 17483476 PMCID: PMC1876515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702617104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric C. Holland
- Departments of *Cancer Biology and Genetics
- Surgery (Neurosurgery), and
- Neurology, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Departments of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Neurology, and Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, 408 East 69th Street, Z 1304, New York, NY 10021. E-mail:
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