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Chun SH, Kim EY, Yoon JS, Won HS, Yim K, Hwang HW, Hong SA, Lee M, Lee SL, Kim SS, Sun DS, Ko YH. Prognostic value of noggin protein expression in patients with resected gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:558. [PMID: 34001012 PMCID: PMC8130398 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Noggin and RNA-binding protein for multiple splicing 2 (RBPMS2) are known to regulate the expression of smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and osteoblasts. However, the prognostic role of combined Noggin and RBPMS2 expression in resected gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. Methods A total of 163 patients with GC who underwent gastrectomy were included in this study. The expression of Noggin and RBPMS2 proteins in tumor cells at the tumor center and invasive front of resected GC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and in conjunction with clinicopathological parameters the patient survival was analyzed. Results RBPMS2 protein expression was high at the tumor center (n = 86, 52.8%) and low at the invasive front (n = 69, 42.3%), while Noggin protein expression was high in both tumor center (n = 91, 55.8%) and the invasive front (n = 90, 55.2%). Noggin expression at the invasive front and tumor center was significantly decreased in advanced T stage, non-intestinal-type (invasive front, P = 0.008 and P < 0.001; tumor center lesion, P = 0.013 and P = 0.001). RBPMS2 expression at the invasive front was significantly decreased in non-intestinal-type and positive lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013). Multivariate analysis revealed that high Noggin protein expression of the invasive front was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.35–0.97, P < 0.036), but not at the tumor center (HR, 1.35; 95% CI; 0.81–2.26, P = 0.251). Conclusions Our study indicates that high Noggin expression is a crucial prognostic factor for favorable outcomes in patients with resected GC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08273-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Chun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Yoon
- Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital Clinical Research Laboratory, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sung Won
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangil Yim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Hwang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Lim Lee
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Der Sheng Sun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Olmer R, Engels L, Usman A, Menke S, Malik MNH, Pessler F, Göhring G, Bornhorst D, Bolten S, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Scheper T, Kempf H, Zweigerdt R, Martin U. Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Functional Endothelial Cells in Scalable Suspension Culture. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1657-1672. [PMID: 29681541 PMCID: PMC5995343 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are involved in a variety of cellular responses. As multifunctional components of vascular structures, endothelial (progenitor) cells have been utilized in cellular therapies and are required as an important cellular component of engineered tissue constructs and in vitro disease models. Although primary ECs from different sources are readily isolated and expanded, cell quantity and quality in terms of functionality and karyotype stability is limited. ECs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent an alternative and potentially superior cell source, but traditional culture approaches and 2D differentiation protocols hardly allow for production of large cell numbers. Aiming at the production of ECs, we have developed a robust approach for efficient endothelial differentiation of hiPSCs in scalable suspension culture. The established protocol results in relevant numbers of ECs for regenerative approaches and industrial applications that show in vitro proliferation capacity and a high degree of chromosomal stability. Efficient generation of hiPSC-derived ECs in scalable suspension culture High degree of chromosomal stability of hiPSC-ECs after in vitro expansion Generation of relevant numbers of hiPSC-ECs for regenerative approaches
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Engels
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdulai Usman
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Menke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Muhammad Nasir Hayat Malik
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothee Bornhorst
- REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Bolten
- REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Cornejo M, Cho S, Giannarelli C, Iatridis J, Purmessur D. Soluble factors from the notochordal-rich intervertebral disc inhibit endothelial cell invasion and vessel formation in the presence and absence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:487-96. [PMID: 25534363 PMCID: PMC4411226 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain can be associated with the pathological ingrowth of blood vessels and nerves into intervertebral discs (IVDs). The notochord patterns the IVD during development and is a source of anti-angiogenic soluble factors such as Noggin and Chondroitin sulfate (CS). These factors may form the basis for a new minimally invasive strategy to target angiogenesis in the IVD. OBJECTIVE To examine the anti-angiogenic potential of soluble factors from notochordal cells (NCs) and candidates Noggin and CS under healthy culture conditions and in the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators. DESIGN NC conditioned media (NCCM) was generated from porcine NC-rich nucleus pulposus tissue. To assess the effects of NCCM, CS and Noggin on angiogenesis, cell invasion and tubular formation assays were performed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ± tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα [10 ng/ml]). vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, MMP-7, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 mRNA levels were assessed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS NCCM (10 & 100%), CS (10 and 100 μg) and Noggin (10 and 100 ng) significantly decreased cell invasion of HUVECs with and without TNFα. NCCM 10% and Noggin 10 ng inhibited tubular formation with and without TNFα and CS 100 μg inhibited tubules in Basal conditions whereas CS 10 μg inhibited tubules with TNFα. NCCM significantly decreased VEGF-A, MMP-7 and IL-6 mRNA levels in HUVECs with and without TNFα. CS and Noggin had no effects on gene expression. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that soluble factors from NCs can inhibit angiogenesis by suppressing VEGF signaling. Notochordal-derived ligands are a promising minimally invasive strategy targeting neurovascular ingrowth and pain in the degenerated IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Cornejo
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S.K. Cho
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - C. Giannarelli
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - J.C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - D. Purmessur
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: D. Purmessur, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029, USA. Tel: 1-212-241-1531
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Lad SP, Bagley JH, Karikari IO, Babu R, Ugiliweneza B, Kong M, Isaacs RE, Bagley CA, Gottfried ON, Patil CG, Boakye M. Cancer After Spinal Fusion. Neurosurgery 2013; 73:440-9. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is used in tens of thousands of spinal fusions each year. A trial evaluating a high-dose BMP formulation demonstrated that its use may be associated with an increased risk of cancer.
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether BMP, as commonly used today, is associated with an increased risk of cancer or benign tumors.
METHODS:
We performed a retrospective study using the Thomson Reuter MarketScan database. We retained all patients who had no previous diagnosis of cancer or benign tumor and had at least 2 years of uninterrupted enrollment in the database before and after their operations. A propensity score--matched cohort was created to ensure greater covariate balance between treatment groups.
RESULTS:
Within the propensity score--matched cohort (n = 4698), BMP-exposed patients had a nonsignificant increase in the rate of cancer diagnosis (9.37% vs 7.92%; P = .08). After adjustment for covariates, BMP exposure was associated with a 31% increased risk of benign tumor diagnosis (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.68; P < .05). When the benign tumor diagnoses were stratified by organ type, BMP patients had significantly more diagnoses of benign nervous system tumors (0.81% vs 0.34%; P = .03), and within this group, benign tumors of the spinal meninges were much more common in the BMP-treated group (0.13% vs 0.02%; P = .002).
CONCLUSION:
The results of this large, independent, propensity-matched study suggest that the use of BMP in lumbar fusions is associated with a significantly higher rate of benign neoplasms but not malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanand P. Lad
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jacob H. Bagley
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Isaac O. Karikari
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ranjith Babu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Robert E. Isaacs
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carlos A. Bagley
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Oren N. Gottfried
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chirag G. Patil
- Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maxwell Boakye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Kang HW, Gupta S, Bogdanov A. Orthotopic expression of noggin protein in cancer cells inhibits human lung carcinoma growth in vivo. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 14:480-8. [PMID: 21913026 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-011-0518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored the effect of Noggin protein expression on tumor growth in vivo by using fluorescence imaging. PROCEDURES Human lung carcinoma MV522 cells were transduced by using bicistronic (EGFP/Nog) or a control (EGFP) lentivirus at >95% efficacy. The transduced cells were implanted in athymic mice either individually or after mixing with DsRed2-expressing MV522 cells. RESULTS The expression of Noggin protein was demonstrated in EGFP+/Nog+ but not in EGFP+ cell lysates and conditioned media. Noggin did not inhibit tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Implantation of EGFP+ resulted in rapid tumor growth, whereas mice implanted with EGFP+/Nog+ either failed to develop tumors or developed smaller slowly proliferating ones. In the case of tumors grown from mixtures with DsRed2+ cells, only Noggin-expressing cells resulted in decreased tumor volumes with low vascular density and poorly developed stroma. CONCLUSION The effect of Noggin protein expression is a consequence of inhibition of stromal and/or endothelial proliferation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, Worcester, MA, USA
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Bogdanov Jr AA, Mazzanti M, Castillo G, Bolotin E. Protected Graft Copolymer (PGC) in Imaging and Therapy: A Platform for the Delivery of Covalently and Non-Covalently Bound Drugs. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:553-76. [PMID: 22737192 PMCID: PMC3381344 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially developed in 1992 as an MR imaging agent, the family of protected graft copolymers (PGC) is based on a conjugate of polylysine backbone to which methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) chains are covalently linked in a random fasion via N-ε-amino groups. While PGC is relatively simple in terms of its chemcial composition and structure, it has proved to be a versatile platform for in vivo drug delivery. The advantages of poly amino acid backbone grafting include multiple available linking sites for drug and adaptor molecules. The grafting of PEG chains to PGC does not compromise biodegradability and does not result in measurable toxicity or immunogenicity. In fact, the biocompatablility of PGC has resulted in its being one of the few 100% synthetic non-proteinaceous macromolecules that has suceeded in passing the initial safety phase of clinical trials. PGC is capable of long circulation times after injection into the blood stream and as such found use early on as a carrier system for delivery of paramagnetic imaging compounds for angiography. Other PGC types were later developed for use in nuclear medicine and optical imaging applications in vivo. Recent developments in PGC-based drug carrier formulations include the use of zinc as a bridge between the PGC carrier and zinc-binding proteins and re-engineering of the PGC carrier as a covalent amphiphile that is capabe of binding to hydrophobic residues of small proteins and peptides. At present, PGC-based formulations have been developed and tested in various disease models for: 1) MR imaging local blood circulation in stroke, cancer and diabetes; 2) MR and nuclear imaging of blood volume and vascular permeability in inflammation; 3) optical imaging of proteolytic activity in cancer and inflammation; 4) delivery of platinum(II) compounds for treating cancer; 5) delivery of small proteins and peptides for treating diabetes, obesity and myocardial infarction. This review summarizes the experience accumulated by various research groups that chose to use PGC as a drug delivery platform.
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Levi B, Hyun JS, Nelson ER, Li S, Montoro DT, Wan DC, Jia FJ, Glotzbach JC, James AW, Lee M, Huang M, Quarto N, Gurtner GC, Wu JC, Longaker MT. Nonintegrating knockdown and customized scaffold design enhances human adipose-derived stem cells in skeletal repair. Stem Cells 2012; 29:2018-29. [PMID: 21997852 DOI: 10.1002/stem.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An urgent need exists in clinical medicine for suitable alternatives to available techniques for bone tissue repair. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) represent a readily available, autogenous cell source with well-documented in vivo osteogenic potential. In this article, we manipulated Noggin expression levels in hASCs using lentiviral and nonintegrating minicircle short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) methodologies in vitro and in vivo to enhance hASC osteogenesis. Human ASCs with Noggin knockdown showed significantly increased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, and when placed onto a BMP-releasing scaffold embedded with lentiviral Noggin shRNA particles, hASCs more rapidly healed mouse calvarial defects. This study therefore suggests that genetic targeting of hASCs combined with custom scaffold design can optimize hASCs for skeletal regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Levi
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5148, USA
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Enhancement of human adipose-derived stromal cell angiogenesis through knockdown of a BMP-2 inhibitor. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 129:53-66. [PMID: 21915082 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3182361ff5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated the role of noggin, a bone morphogenetic protein-2 inhibitor, in vascular development and angiogenesis. The authors hypothesized that noggin suppression in human adipose-derived stromal cells would enhance vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo to a greater extent than bone morphogenetic protein-2 alone. METHODS Human adipose-derived stromal cells were isolated from human lipoaspirate (n = 6) noggin was knocked down using lentiviral techniques. Knockdown was confirmed and angiogenesis was assessed by tubule formation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cells were seeded onto scaffolds and implanted into a 4-mm critical size calvarial defect. In vivo angiogenic signaling was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Human adipose-derived stromal cells with noggin suppression secreted significantly higher amounts of angiogenic proteins, expressed higher levels of angiogenic genes, and formed more tubules in vitro. In vivo, calvarial defects seeded with noggin shRNA human adipose-derived stromal cells exhibited a significantly higher number of vessels in the defect site than controls by immunohistochemistry (p < 0.05). In addition, bone morphogenetic protein-2-releasing scaffolds significantly enhanced vascular signaling in the defect site. CONCLUSIONS Human adipose-derived stromal cells demonstrate significant increases in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo with both noggin suppression and BMP-2 supplementation. By creating a cell with noggin suppressed and by using a scaffold with increased bone morphogenetic protein-2 signaling, a more angiogenic niche can be created.
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Garriock RJ, Czeisler C, Ishii Y, Navetta AM, Mikawa T. An anteroposterior wave of vascular inhibitor downregulation signals aortae fusion along the embryonic midline axis. Development 2010; 137:3697-706. [PMID: 20940228 DOI: 10.1242/dev.051664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Paracrine signals, both positive and negative, regulate the positioning and remodeling of embryonic blood vessels. In the embryos of mammals and birds, the first major remodeling event is the fusion of bilateral dorsal aortae at the midline to form the dorsal aorta. Although the original bilaterality of the dorsal aortae occurs as the result of inhibitory factors (antagonists of BMP signaling) secreted from the midline by the notochord, it is unknown how fusion is later signaled. Here, we report that dorsal aortae fusion is tightly regulated by a change in signaling by the notochord along the anteroposterior axis. During aortae fusion, the notochord ceases to exert its negative influence on vessel formation. This is achieved by a transcriptional downregulation of negative regulators while positive regulators are maintained at pre-fusion levels. In particular, Chordin, the most abundant BMP antagonist expressed in the notochord prior to fusion, undergoes a dramatic downregulation in an anterior to posterior wave. With inhibitory signals diminished and sustained expression of the positive factors SHH and VEGF at the midline, fusion of the dorsal aortae is signaled. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which major modifications of the vascular pattern can occur through modulation of vascular inhibitors without changes in the levels of positive vascular regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Garriock
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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