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Kumar AHS. Network Proteins of Human Sortilin1, Its Expression and Targetability Using Lycopene. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:137. [PMID: 38255751 PMCID: PMC10817468 DOI: 10.3390/life14010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sortilin1 (SORT1) is a ubiquitously expressed transporter involved in sorting or clearing proteins and is pathologically linked to tissue fibrosis and calcification. Targeting SORT1 may have potential clinical efficacy in controlling or reversing cardiovascular fibrosis and/or calcification. Hence, this study assessed the protein-protein network of human SORT1 and its targetability using known nutra-/pharmaceuticals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Network proteins of human SORT1 were identified using the String database, and the affinity of the protein-protein interaction of this network was analysed using Chimera software (Chimera-1.17.3-mac64). The tissue-specific expression profile of SORT1 was evaluated and assessed for enrichment in different cell types, including immune cells. A library of in-house small molecules and currently used therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases were screened using AutoDock Vina to assess the targetability of human SORT1. The concentration affinity (CA) ratio of the small molecules was estimated to assess the clinical feasibility of targeting SORT1. RESULTS IGF2R, NTRK2, GRN and GGA1 were identified as high-affinity interaction networks of SORT1. Of these high-affinity interactions, IGF2R and GRN can be considered relevant networks in regulating tissue fibrosis or the microcalcification process due to their influence on T-cell activation, inflammation, wound repair, and the tissue remodelling process. The tissue cell-type enrichment indicated major expression of SORT1 in adipocytes, specialised epithelial cells, monocytes, cardiomyocytes, and thyroid glandular cells. The binding pocket analysis of human SORT1 showed twelve potential drug interaction sites with varying binding scores (0.86 to 5.83) and probability of interaction (0.004 to 0.304). Five of the drug interaction sites were observed to be targetable at the therapeutically feasible concentration of the small molecules evaluated. Empagliflozin, sitagliptin and lycopene showed a superior affinity and CA ratio compared to established inhibitors of SORT1. CONCLUSION IGF2R and GRN are relevant networks of SORT1, regulating tissue fibrosis or the microcalcification process. SORT1 can be targeted using currently approved small-molecule therapeutics (empagliflozin and sitagliptin) or widely used nutraceuticals (lycopene), which should be evaluated in a randomised clinical trial to assess their efficacy in reducing the cardiac/vascular microcalcification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun H S Kumar
- Stemcology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Role of smooth muscle progenitor cells in vascular mechanical injury and repair. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Evans BR, Yerly A, van der Vorst EPC, Baumgartner I, Bernhard SM, Schindewolf M, Döring Y. Inflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868934. [PMID: 35600479 PMCID: PMC9114307 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease remains the most common cause of ischemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Vascular function is determined by structural and functional properties of the arterial vessel wall, which consists of three layers, namely the adventitia, media, and intima. Key cells in shaping the vascular wall architecture and warranting proper vessel function are vascular smooth muscle cells in the arterial media and endothelial cells lining the intima. Pathological alterations of this vessel wall architecture called vascular remodeling can lead to insufficient vascular function and subsequent ischemia and organ damage. One major pathomechanism driving this detrimental vascular remodeling is atherosclerosis, which is initiated by endothelial dysfunction allowing the accumulation of intimal lipids and leukocytes. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and modified lipids further drive vascular remodeling ultimately leading to thrombus formation and/or vessel occlusion which can cause major cardiovascular events. Although it is clear that vascular wall remodeling is an elementary mechanism of atherosclerotic vascular disease, the diverse underlying pathomechanisms and its consequences are still insufficiently understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce R. Evans
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Yerly
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Iris Baumgartner
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Maike Bernhard
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schindewolf
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Yvonne Döring
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Hematopoietic Progenitors and the Bone Marrow Niche Shape the Inflammatory Response and Contribute to Chronic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042234. [PMID: 35216355 PMCID: PMC8879433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well understood that the bone marrow (BM) compartment can sense systemic inflammatory signals and adapt through increased proliferation and lineage skewing. These coordinated and dynamic alterations in responding hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as in cells of the bone marrow niche, are increasingly viewed as key contributors to the inflammatory response. Growth factors, cytokines, metabolites, microbial products, and other signals can cause dysregulation across the entire hematopoietic hierarchy, leading to lineage-skewing and even long-term functional adaptations in bone marrow progenitor cells. These alterations may play a central role in the chronicity of disease as well as the links between many common chronic disorders. The possible existence of a form of “memory” in bone marrow progenitor cells is thought to contribute to innate immune responses via the generation of trained immunity (also called innate immune memory). These findings highlight how hematopoietic progenitors dynamically adapt to meet the demand for innate immune cells and how this adaptive response may be beneficial or detrimental depending on the context. In this review, we will discuss the role of bone marrow progenitor cells and their microenvironment in shaping the scope and scale of the immune response in health and disease.
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Groblewska M, Mroczko B. Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Gliomas: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116126. [PMID: 34200145 PMCID: PMC8201226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a complex, multistep process of forming new blood vessels, plays crucial role in normal development, embryogenesis, and wound healing. Malignant tumors characterized by increased proliferation also require new vasculature to provide an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients for developing tumor. Gliomas are among the most frequent primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by increased new vessel formation. The processes of neoangiogenesis, necessary for glioma development, are mediated by numerous growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and other proteins. In contrast to other solid tumors, some biological conditions, such as the blood–brain barrier and the unique interplay between immune microenvironment and tumor, represent significant challenges in glioma therapy. Therefore, the objective of the study was to present the role of various proangiogenic factors in glioma angiogenesis as well as the differences between normal and tumoral angiogenesis. Another goal was to present novel therapeutic options in oncology approaches. We performed a thorough search via the PubMed database. In this paper we describe various proangiogenic factors in glioma vasculature development. The presented paper also reviews various antiangiogenic factors necessary in maintaining equilibrium between pro- and antiangiogenic processes. Furthermore, we present some novel possibilities of antiangiogenic therapy in this type of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Groblewska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-858318785
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Vinci MC, Gambini E, Bassetti B, Genovese S, Pompilio G. When Good Guys Turn Bad: Bone Marrow's and Hematopoietic Stem Cells' Role in the Pathobiology of Diabetic Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113864. [PMID: 32485847 PMCID: PMC7312629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes strongly contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in these patients. It is widely accepted that hyperglycemia impairs hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization from the bone marrow (BM) by inducing stem cell niche dysfunction. Moreover, a recent study demonstrated that type 2 diabetic patients are characterized by significant depletion of circulating provascular progenitor cells and increased frequency of inflammatory cells. This unbalance, potentially responsible for the reduction of intrinsic vascular homeostatic capacity and for the establishment of a low-grade inflammatory status, suggests that bone BM-derived HSPCs are not only victims but also active perpetrators in diabetic complications. In this review, we will discuss the most recent literature on the molecular mechanisms underpinning hyperglycemia-mediated BM dysfunction and differentiation abnormality of HSPCs. Moreover, a section will be dedicated to the new glucose-lowering therapies that by specifically targeting the culprits may prevent or treat diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Vinci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I-20138- Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (B.B.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5800-2028
| | - Elisa Gambini
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I-20138- Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (B.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Beatrice Bassetti
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I-20138- Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (B.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Stefano Genovese
- Unit of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I-20138- Milan, Italy;
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I-20138- Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (B.B.); (G.P.)
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Groblewska M, Litman-Zawadzka A, Mroczko B. The Role of Selected Chemokines and Their Receptors in the Development of Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103704. [PMID: 32456359 PMCID: PMC7279280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among heterogeneous primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), gliomas are the most frequent type, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) characterized with the worst prognosis. In their development, certain chemokine/receptor axes play important roles and promote proliferation, survival, metastasis, and neoangiogenesis. However, little is known about the significance of atypical receptors for chemokines (ACKRs) in these tumors. The objective of the study was to present the role of chemokines and their conventional and atypical receptors in CNS tumors. Therefore, we performed a thorough search for literature concerning our investigation via the PubMed database. We describe biological functions of chemokines/chemokine receptors from various groups and their significance in carcinogenesis, cancer-related inflammation, neo-angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss the role of chemokines in glioma development, with particular regard to their function in the transition from low-grade to high-grade tumors and angiogenic switch. We also depict various chemokine/receptor axes, such as CXCL8-CXCR1/2, CXCL12-CXCR4, CXCL16-CXCR6, CX3CL1-CX3CR1, CCL2-CCR2, and CCL5-CCR5 of special importance in gliomas, as well as atypical chemokine receptors ACKR1-4, CCRL2, and PITPMN3. Additionally, the diagnostic significance and usefulness of the measurement of some chemokines and their receptors in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of glioma patients is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Groblewska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Ala Litman-Zawadzka
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-831-8785
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8
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Hu A, Huang J, Li S, Gao Y, Wu L, Deng J, Liu J, Gong Q, Li L, Xu S. Involvement of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), stem cell factor (SCF), fractalkine (FKN) and VEGF in TSG protection against intimal hyperplasia in rat balloon injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:887-894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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9
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Zhou JJ, Wang YM, Lee VWS, Zhang GY, Medbury H, Williams H, Wang Y, Tan TK, Harris DCH, Alexander SI, Durkan AM. DEC205-DC targeted DNA vaccine against CX3CR1 protects against atherogenesis in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195657. [PMID: 29641559 PMCID: PMC5895033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies disrupting the chemokine pathway CX3CL1 (fractalkine)/ CX3CR1 have shown decreased atherosclerosis in animal models but the techniques used to interrupt the pathway have not been easily translatable into human trials. DNA vaccination potentially overcomes the translational difficulties. We evaluated the effect of a DNA vaccine, targeted to CX3CR1, on atherosclerosis in a murine model and examined possible mechanisms of action. DNA vaccination against CX3CR1, enhanced by dendritic cell targeting using DEC-205 single chain variable region fragment (scFv), was performed in 8 week old ApoE-/- mice, fed a normal chow diet. High levels of anti-CX3CR1 antibodies were induced in vaccinated mice. There were no apparent adverse reactions to the vaccine. Arterial vessels of 34 week old mice were examined histologically for atherosclerotic plaque size, macrophage infiltration, smooth muscle cell infiltration and lipid deposition. Vaccinated mice had significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque in the brachiocephalic artery. There was less macrophage infiltration but no significant change to the macrophage phenotype in the plaques. There was less lipid deposition in the lesions, but there was no effect on smooth muscle cell migration. Targeted DNA vaccination to CX3CR1 was well tolerated, induced a strong immune response and resulted in attenuated atherosclerotic lesions with reduced macrophage infiltration. DNA vaccination against chemokine pathways potentially offers a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Jianheng Zhou
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent W. S. Lee
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff Yu Zhang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather Medbury
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Surgery, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Williams
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Surgery, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Thian Kui Tan
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - David C. H. Harris
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen I. Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne M. Durkan
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Shen EM, McCloskey KE. Development of Mural Cells: From In Vivo Understanding to In Vitro Recapitulation. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1020-1041. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin M. Shen
- Graduate Program in Biological Engineering and Small-scale Technologies
| | - Kara E. McCloskey
- Graduate Program in Biological Engineering and Small-scale Technologies
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California
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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate the Phenotype of Smooth Muscle Cells to Limit Intimal Hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017; 30:111-8. [PMID: 26650931 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-015-6630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play important roles in the reduction of inflammation in multiple disease models. However, their role in vein graft (VG) remodeling is undefined. We aimed to investigate the effect of EVs from adipose MSCs (ADMSC-EVs) on VG intimal hyperplasia and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS After generation and characterization of control-EVs and ADMSC-EVs in vitro, we investigated their effect on the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. Next, we established a mouse model of VG transplantation. Mice underwent surgery and received control-EVs or ADMSC-EVs by intraperitoneal injection every other day for 20 days. VG remodeling was evaluated after 4 weeks. We also assessed the effect of ADMSC-EVs on macrophage migration and inflammatory cytokine expression. RESULTS Significant inhibitory effects of ADMSC-EVs on in vitro VSMC proliferation (p < 0.05) and migration (p < 0.05) were observed compared with control-EVs. The extent of intimal hyperplasia was significantly decreased in ADMSC-EV-treated mice compared with control-EV-treated mice (26 ± 8.4 vs. 45 ± 9.0 μm, p < 0.05). A reduced presence of macrophages was observed in ADMSC-EV-treated mice (p < 0.05). Significantly decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was also found in the ADMSC-EV-treated group (both p < 0.05). In addition, phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2, and p38 in VGs was decreased in the ADMSC-EV-treated group. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that ADMSC-EVs exert an inhibitory effect on VG neointima formation by regulating VSMC proliferation and migration, macrophage migration, inflammatory cytokine expression, and the related signaling pathways.
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Richards J, Ogoe HA, Li W, Babayewa O, Xu W, Bythwood T, Garcia-Barrios M, Ma L, Song Q. DNA Methylation Signature of Post-injury Neointimal Cells During Vascular Remodeling in the Rat Balloon Injury Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5. [PMID: 27857867 PMCID: PMC5110257 DOI: 10.4172/2168-9547.1000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) accumulation in the neointimal is a common feature in vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, transplant arteriosclerosis and restenosis. In this study, we isolated the neointimal cells and uninjured residential vascular smooth muscle cells by laser micro dissection and carried out single-cell whole-genome methylation sequencing. We also sequenced the bisulfite converted genome of circulating bone-marrow-derived cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC). We found totally 2,360 differential methylation sites (DMS) annotated to 1,127 gene regions. The majority of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located in intergenic regions, outside those CpG islands and island shores. Interestingly, exons have less DMRs than promotors and introns, and CpG islands contain more DMRs than islands shores. Pearson correlation analysis showed a clear clustering of neointimal cells with PBMC/BMMC. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially methylated CpG sites revealed that many genes were important for regulation of VSMC differentiation and stem cell maintenance. In conclusion, our results showed that neointimal cells are more similar to the progenitor cells in methylation profile than the residential VSMCs at the 30th day after the vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jendai Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Henry Ato Ogoe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Oguljahan Babayewa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tameka Bythwood
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Minerva Garcia-Barrios
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 4DGenome Inc, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qing Song
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 4DGenome Inc, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Garcia-Bonilla L, Faraco G, Moore J, Murphy M, Racchumi G, Srinivasan J, Brea D, Iadecola C, Anrather J. Spatio-temporal profile, phenotypic diversity, and fate of recruited monocytes into the post-ischemic brain. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:285. [PMID: 27814740 PMCID: PMC5097435 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A key feature of the inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia is the brain infiltration of blood monocytes. There are two main monocyte subsets in the mouse blood: CCR2+Ly6Chi “inflammatory” monocytes involved in acute inflammation, and CX3CR1+Ly6Clo “patrolling” monocytes, which may play a role in repair processes. We hypothesized that CCR2+Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes are recruited in the early phase after ischemia and transdifferentiate into CX3CR1+Ly6Clo “repair” macrophages in the brain. Methods CX3CR1GFP/+CCR2RFP/+ bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Mice were sacrificed from 1 to 28 days later to phenotype and map subsets of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MΦ) in the brain over time. Flow cytometry analysis 3 and 14 days after MCAo in CCR2−/− mice, which exhibit deficient monocyte recruitment after inflammation, and NR4A1−/− BM chimeric mice, which lack circulating CX3CR1+Ly6Clo monocytes, was also performed. Results Brain mapping of CX3CR1GFP/+ and CCR2RFP/+ cells 3 days after MCAo showed absence of CX3CR1GFP/+ Mo/MΦ but accumulation of CCR2RFP/+ Mo/MΦ throughout the ischemic territory. On the other hand, CX3CR1+ cells accumulated 14 days after MCAo at the border of the infarct core where CCR2RFP/+ accrued. Whereas the amoeboid morphology of CCR2RFP/+ Mo/MΦ remained unchanged over time, CX3CR1GFP/+ cells exhibited three distinct phenotypes: amoeboid cells with retracted processes, ramified cells, and perivascular elongated cells. CX3CR1GFP/+ cells were positive for the Mo/MΦ marker Iba1 and phenotypically distinct from endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. Because accumulation of CX3CR1+Ly6Clo Mo/MΦ was absent in the brains of CCR2 deficient mice, which exhibit deficiency in CCR2+Ly6Chi Mo/MΦ recruitment, but not in NR4A1−/− chimeric mice, which lack of circulating CX3CR1+Ly6Clo monocytes, our data suggest a local transition of CCR2+Ly6Chi Mo/MΦ into CX3CR1+Ly6Clo Mo/MΦ phenotype. Conclusions CX3CR1+Ly6Clo arise in the brain parenchyma from CCR2+Ly6Chi Mo/MΦ rather than being de novo recruited from the blood. These findings provide new insights into the trafficking and phenotypic diversity of monocyte subtypes in the post-ischemic brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0750-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Garcia-Bonilla
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street RR409, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Giuseppe Faraco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street RR409, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jamie Moore
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street RR409, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michelle Murphy
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street RR409, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gianfranco Racchumi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street RR409, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jayashree Srinivasan
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street RR409, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Brea
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street RR409, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street RR409, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street RR409, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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14
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Liu Y, Chen W, Wu C, Minze LJ, Kubiak JZ, Li XC, Kloc M, Ghobrial RM. Macrophage/monocyte-specific deletion of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) downregulates fractalkine receptor and inhibits chronic rejection of mouse cardiac allografts. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 36:340-354. [PMID: 27692539 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic rejection of transplanted organs remain obscure; however, macrophages are known to play a critical role in the injury and repair of allografts. Among multiple factors influencing macrophage infiltration to allografts, the fractalkine chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1(CX3CL1)/chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) signaling pathway and actin cytoskeleton, which is regulated by a small guanosine-5׳-triphosphatase Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), are of the utmost importance. To define the role of macrophage/RhoA pathway involvement in chronic rejection, we generated mice with monocyte/macrophage-specific deletion of RhoA. METHODS Hearts from BALB/c (H-2d) donors were transplanted into RhoAflox/flox (no Cre) and heterozygous Lyz2Cre+/-RhoAflox/flox recipients treated with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 immunoglobulin to inhibit early T-cell response. Allografts were assessed for chronic rejection and monocyte/macrophage functions. RESULTS The deletion of RhoA inhibited macrophage infiltration, neointimal hyperplasia of vasculature, and abrogated chronic rejection of the allografts. The RhoA deletion downregulated G protein-coupled fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which activates the RhoA pathway and controls monocyte/macrophage trafficking into the vascular endothelium. This in turn promotes, through overproliferation and differentiation of smooth muscle cells in the arterial walls, neointimal hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of codependence of chronic rejection on monocyte/macrophage CX3CR1/CX3CL1 and RhoA signaling pathways may lead to the development of novel anti-chronic rejection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yianzhu Liu
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhao Chen
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Chenglin Wu
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; The Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Su Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Gungzhou, China
| | - Laurie J Minze
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- CNRS UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Cell Cycle Group, IFR 140 GFAS, France; University of Rennes 1, Faculty of medicine, Rennes, France; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Xian C Li
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; University of Rennes 1, Faculty of medicine, Rennes, France; The Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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15
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Lin C, Yuan Y, Courtman DW. Differentiation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells Is Regulated by PDGF-BB and Collagen. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156935. [PMID: 27258003 PMCID: PMC4892566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are key regulators of vascular disease and circulating smooth muscle progenitor cells may play important roles in vascular repair or remodelling. We developed enhanced protocols to derive smooth muscle progenitors from murine bone marrow and tested whether factors that are increased in atherosclerotic plaques, namely platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and monomeric collagen, can influence the smooth muscle specific differentiation, proliferation, and survival of mouse bone marrow-derived progenitor cells. During a 21 day period of culture, bone marrow cells underwent a marked increase in expression of the SMC markers α-SMA (1.93 ± 0.15 vs. 0.0008 ± 0.0003 (ng/ng GAPDH) at 0 d), SM22-α (1.50 ± 0.27 vs. 0.005 ± 0.001 (ng/ng GAPDH) at 0 d) and SM-MHC (0.017 ± 0.004 vs. 0.001 ± 0.001 (ng/ng GAPDH) at 0 d). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation experiments showed that in early culture, the smooth muscle progenitor subpopulation could be identified by high proliferative rates prior to the expression of smooth muscle specific markers. Culture of fresh bone marrow or smooth muscle progenitor cells with PDGF-BB suppressed the expression of α-SMA and SM22-α, in a rapidly reversible manner requiring PDGF receptor kinase activity. Progenitors cultured on polymerized collagen gels demonstrated expression of SMC markers, rates of proliferation and apoptosis similar to that of cells on tissue culture plastic; in contrast, cells grown on monomeric collagen gels displayed lower SMC marker expression, lower growth rates (319 ± 36 vs. 635 ± 97 cells/mm2), and increased apoptosis (5.3 ± 1.6% vs. 1.0 ± 0.5% (Annexin 5 staining)). Our data shows that the differentiation and survival of smooth muscle progenitors are critically affected by PDGF-BB and as well as the substrate collagen structure.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Becaplermin
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/ultrastructure
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/pharmacology
- Female
- Mice
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/ultrastructure
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/pharmacology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Lin
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W. Courtman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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Ohnishi H, Mizuno S, Mizuno-Horikawa Y, Kato T. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1)-dependent recruitment of bone marrow-derived renal endothelium-like cells in a mouse model of acute kidney injury. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:313-9. [PMID: 25833353 PMCID: PMC4383777 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most key pathological event for accelerating
progression to chronic kidney disease through vascular endothelial injury or dysfunction.
Thus, it is critical to elucidate the molecular mechanism of endothelial protection and
regeneration. Emerging evidence indicates that bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) contribute
to tissue reconstitution in several types of organs post-injury, but little is known
whether and how BMCs contribute to renal endothelial reconstitution, especially in an
early-stage of AKI. Using a mouse model of ischemic AKI, we provide evidence that
incorporation of BMCs in vascular components (such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells)
becomes evident within four days after renal ischemia and reperfusion, associated with an
increase in stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1) in endothelium and that in
CXCR4/SDF1-receptor in BMCs. Notably, anti-CXCR4 antibody decreased the numbers of
infiltrated BMCs and BMC-derived endothelium-like cells, but not of BMC-derived smooth
muscle cell-like cells. These results suggest that reconstitution of renal endothelium
post-ischemia partially depends on a paracrine loop of SDF1-CXCR4 between resident
endothelium and BMCs. Such a chemokine ligand-receptor system may be attributable for
selecting a cellular lineage (s), required for renal vascular protection, repair and
homeostasis, even in an earlier phase of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ohnishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565–0871; 2. Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, 2-1723 Oomori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
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17
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Yang P, Hong MS, Fu C, Schmit BM, Su Y, Berceli SA, Jiang Z. Preexisting smooth muscle cells contribute to neointimal cell repopulation at an incidence varying widely among individual lesions. Surgery 2015; 159:602-12. [PMID: 26387788 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the diverse origin of neointimal cells, previous studies have documented differences of neointimal cell lineage composition across models, but the animal-to-animal difference has not attracted much attention, although the cellular heterogeneity may impact neointimal growth and its response to therapeutic interventions. METHODS R26R(+);Myh11-CreER(+), and R26R(+);Scl-CreER(+) mice were used to attach LacZ tags to the preexisting smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), respectively. Neointimal lesions were created via complete ligation of the common carotid artery (CCA) and transluminal injury to the femoral artery (FA). RESULTS LacZ-tagged SMCs were physically relocated from media to neointima and changed to a dedifferentiated phenotype in both CCA and FA lesions. The content of SMCs in the neointimal tissue, however, varied widely among specimens, ranging from 5 to 70% and 0 to 85%, with an average at low levels of 27% and 29% in CCA (n = 15) and FA (n = 15) lesions, respectively. Bone marrow cells, although able to home to the injured arteries, did not differentiate fully into SMCs after either type of injury. Preexisting ECs were located in the subendothelial region and produced mesenchymal marker α-actin, indicating endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT); however, EC-derived cells represented only 7% and 3% of the total neointimal cell pool of CCA (n = 7) and FA (n = 7) lesions, respectively. ECs located on the luminal surface exhibited little evidence of EndoMT. CONCLUSION Neointimal hyperplasia proceeds with a wide range of variation in its cellular composition between individual lesions. Relative to ECs, SMCs are major contributors to the lesion-to-lesion heterogeneity in neointimal cell lineage composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael S Hong
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chunhua Fu
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Bradley M Schmit
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Scott A Berceli
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States; The Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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18
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Ali MT, Martin K, Kumar AHS, Cavallin E, Pierrou S, Gleeson BM, McPheat WL, Turner EC, Huang CL, Khider W, Vaughan C, Caplice NM. A novel CX3CR1 antagonist eluting stent reduces stenosis by targeting inflammation. Biomaterials 2015; 69:22-9. [PMID: 26275859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a novel drug eluting stent (DES) inhibiting inflammation and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. We identified CX3CR1 as a targetable receptor for prevention of monocyte adhesion and inflammation and in-stent neointimal hyperplasia without interfering with stent re-endothelization. Efficacy of AZ12201182 (AZ1220), a CX3CR1 antagonist was evaluated in inhibition of monocyte attachment in vitro. A prototype AZ1220 eluting PLGA-based polymer coated stent developed with an optimal elution profile and dose of 1 μM/stent was tested over 4 weeks in a porcine model of coronary artery stenting. Polymer coated stents without AZ1220 and bare metal stents were used as controls. AZ1220 inhibited monocyte attachment to CX3CL1 in a dose dependent manner. AZ1220 eluted from polymer coated stents in an ex vivo flow system retained bioactivity in inhibiting monocyte attachment to CX3CL1. At 4 weeks following deployment, AZ1220 eluting stents significantly reduced (∼60%) in-stent stenosis compared to both bare metal and polymer only coated stents and markedly reduced peri-stent inflammation and monocyte/macrophage accumulation without affecting re-endothelization. Anti-CX3CR1 drug eluting stents potently inhibited in-stent stenosis and may offer an alternative to mTOR targeting by current DES, specifically inhibiting polymer-induced inflammatory response and SMC proliferation, while retaining an equivalent re-endothelization response to bare metal stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed T Ali
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth Martin
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Arun H S Kumar
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Erika Cavallin
- Translational Sciences, iMED CVMD, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stefan Pierrou
- Bioscience Department, CVGI, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Birgitta M Gleeson
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Elizebeth C Turner
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Chien-Ling Huang
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wisam Khider
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Noel M Caplice
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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19
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Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN, Chistiakov DA. Vascular stem/progenitor cells: current status of the problem. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:1-7. [PMID: 26169302 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells residing in the vascular wall of post-natal vessels play a crucial role in angiogenesis and vascular regeneration after damage. There are four major populations of vascular-resident stem/progenitor cells with differentiated clonogenic and proliferative potential, namely mesenchymal stem cells, pericytes, endothelial progenitor cells, and smooth muscle progenitor cells. These progenitors reside in vascular stem cell niches, which are more likely to be in the adventitia, a vascular wall layer in which increased concentration of stem cell surface markers has been shown. Indeed, vascular resident progenitors are not uniformly distributed across the vessel wall and the circulatory system. The heterogeneity of such a distribution could contribute to the differentiated susceptibility of various vessel regions to chronic vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In cardiovascular pathology, adult vascular resident progenitors could play either a negative or a positive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Bobryshev
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 143025, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dimitry A Chistiakov
- The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program, Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
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20
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Kyuragi R, Matsumoto T, Harada Y, Saito S, Onimaru M, Nakatsu Y, Tsuzuki T, Nomura M, Yonemitsu Y, Maehara Y. BubR1 Insufficiency Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia Through Impaired Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:341-7. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
BubR1, a cell cycle–related protein, is an essential component of the spindle checkpoint that regulates cell division. Mice with BubR1 expression reduced to 10% of the normal level display a phenotype characterized by progeria; however, the involvement of BubR1 in vascular diseases is still unknown. We generated mice in which BubR1 expression was reduced to 20% (
BubR1
L/L
mice) of that in wild-type mice (
BubR1
+/+
) to investigate the effects of BubR1 on arterial intimal hyperplasia.
Approach and Results—
Ten-week-old male
BubR1
L/L
and age-matched wild-type littermates (
BubR1
+/+
) were used in this study. The left common carotid artery was ligated, and histopathologic examinations were conducted 4 weeks later. Bone marrow transplantation was also performed. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were isolated from the thoracic aorta to examine cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression. Severe neointimal hyperplasia was observed after artery ligation in
BubR1
+/+
mice, whereas
BubR1
L/L
mice displayed nearly complete inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. Bone marrow transplantation from all donors did not affect the reconstitution of 3 hematopoietic lineages, and neointimal hyperplasia was still suppressed after bone marrow transplantation from
BubR1
+/+
mice to
BubR1
L/L
mice. VSMC proliferation was impaired in
BubR1
L/L
mice because of delayed entry into the S phase. VSMC migration was unaffected in these
BubR1
L/L
mice. p38 mitogen–activated protein kinase–inhibited VSMCs showed low expression of BubR1, and BubR1-inhibited VSMCs showed low expression of p38.
Conclusions—
BubR1 may represent a new target molecule for treating pathological states of vascular remodeling, such as restenosis after angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Kyuragi
- From the Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (R.K., T.M., Y.M.), R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.H., S.S., Y.Y.), Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.O.), Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Y.N., T.T.), and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.N.), Kyushu University
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- From the Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (R.K., T.M., Y.M.), R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.H., S.S., Y.Y.), Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.O.), Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Y.N., T.T.), and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.N.), Kyushu University
| | - Yui Harada
- From the Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (R.K., T.M., Y.M.), R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.H., S.S., Y.Y.), Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.O.), Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Y.N., T.T.), and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.N.), Kyushu University
| | - Satoru Saito
- From the Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (R.K., T.M., Y.M.), R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.H., S.S., Y.Y.), Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.O.), Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Y.N., T.T.), and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.N.), Kyushu University
| | - Mitsuho Onimaru
- From the Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (R.K., T.M., Y.M.), R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.H., S.S., Y.Y.), Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.O.), Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Y.N., T.T.), and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.N.), Kyushu University
| | - Yoshimichi Nakatsu
- From the Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (R.K., T.M., Y.M.), R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.H., S.S., Y.Y.), Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.O.), Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Y.N., T.T.), and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.N.), Kyushu University
| | - Teruhisa Tsuzuki
- From the Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (R.K., T.M., Y.M.), R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.H., S.S., Y.Y.), Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.O.), Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Y.N., T.T.), and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.N.), Kyushu University
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- From the Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (R.K., T.M., Y.M.), R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.H., S.S., Y.Y.), Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.O.), Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Y.N., T.T.), and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.N.), Kyushu University
| | - Yoshikazu Yonemitsu
- From the Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (R.K., T.M., Y.M.), R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.H., S.S., Y.Y.), Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.O.), Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Y.N., T.T.), and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.N.), Kyushu University
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- From the Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (R.K., T.M., Y.M.), R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.H., S.S., Y.Y.), Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.O.), Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Y.N., T.T.), and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (M.N.), Kyushu University
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21
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Zhang N, Xie X, Chen H, Chen H, Yu H, Wang JA. Stem cell-based therapies for atherosclerosis: perspectives and ongoing controversies. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1731-40. [PMID: 24702267 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to life-threatening cardiovascular events, the leading cause of death worldwide. Since the mechanisms of atherosclerosis have not been fully understood, currently, there are no effective approaches to regressing atherosclerosis. Therefore, there is a dire need to explore the mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis. In recent years, stem cell-based therapies have held promises to various diseases, including atherosclerosis. Unfortunately, the efficacy of stem cell-based therapies for atherosclerosis as reported in the literature has been inconsistent or even conflicting. In this review, we summarize the current literature of stem cell-based therapies for atherosclerosis and discuss possible mechanisms and future directions of these potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, China
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22
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Hoppeler H, Baum O, Lurman G, Mueller M. Molecular mechanisms of muscle plasticity with exercise. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1383-412. [PMID: 23733647 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle phenotype is subject to considerable malleability depending on use. Low-intensity endurance type exercise leads to qualitative changes of muscle tissue characterized mainly by an increase in structures supporting oxygen delivery and consumption. High-load strength-type exercise leads to growth of muscle fibers dominated by an increase in contractile proteins. In low-intensity exercise, stress-induced signaling leads to transcriptional upregulation of a multitude of genes with Ca(2+) signaling and the energy status of the muscle cells sensed through AMPK being major input determinants. Several parallel signaling pathways converge on the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α, perceived as being the coordinator of much of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. High-load training is dominated by a translational upregulation controlled by mTOR mainly influenced by an insulin/growth factor-dependent signaling cascade as well as mechanical and nutritional cues. Exercise-induced muscle growth is further supported by DNA recruitment through activation and incorporation of satellite cells. Crucial nodes of strength and endurance exercise signaling networks are shared making these training modes interdependent. Robustness of exercise-related signaling is the consequence of signaling being multiple parallel with feed-back and feed-forward control over single and multiple signaling levels. We currently have a good descriptive understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling muscle phenotypic plasticity. We lack understanding of the precise interactions among partners of signaling networks and accordingly models to predict signaling outcome of entire networks. A major current challenge is to verify and apply available knowledge gained in model systems to predict human phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hoppeler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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23
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Owen JL, Mohamadzadeh M. Macrophages and chemokines as mediators of angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2013; 4:159. [PMID: 23847541 PMCID: PMC3701799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence attests to the important roles of both macrophages and chemokines in angiogenesis. Tumor-associated macrophages or TAMS constitute the major fraction of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and are recruited by a number of chemoattractants that are produced by the tumor and tumor-associated stroma. This heterogeneous cell population is activated by a variety of stimuli and becomes polarized to result in functionally different phenotypes regarding tumor progression. As opposed to classically activated or M1 macrophages that exhibit anti-tumor functions, most TAMS are considered to be of the alternatively activated or M2 phenotype, and express multiple cytokines, proteases, and chemokines that promote tumor angiogenesis. Chemokines also have disparate effects on angiogenesis regulation, as several members of the CXC and CC chemokine families are potent inducers of angiogenesis, while a subset of CXC chemokines are angiostatic. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the roles and modes of action of macrophage-derived chemokines as mediators of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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24
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Kundumani-Sridharan V, Singh NK, Kumar S, Gadepalli R, Rao GN. Nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 mediates p21-activated kinase 1 activation in the modulation of chemokine-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation and injury-induced vascular wall remodeling. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22150-62. [PMID: 23737530 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.454082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) mediate cell migration. However, the mechanisms were not known. Therefore, the objective of this study is to test whether cyclin/CDKs activate Pak1, an effector of Rac1, whose involvement in the modulation of cell migration and proliferation is well established. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) induced Pak1 phosphorylation/activation in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in a delayed time-dependent manner. MCP1 also stimulated F-actin stress fiber formation in a delayed manner in HASMCs, as well as the migration and proliferation of these cells. Inhibition of Pak1 suppressed MCP1-induced HASMC F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation. MCP1 induced cyclin D1 expression as well as CDK6 and CDK4 activities, and these effects were dependent on activation of NFATc1. Depletion of NFATc1, cyclin D1, CDK6, or CDK4 levels attenuated MCP1-induced Pak1 phosphorylation/activation and resulted in decreased HASMC F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation. CDK4, which appeared to be activated downstream of CDK6, formed a complex with Pak1 in response to MCP1. MCP1 also activated Rac1 in a time-dependent manner, and depletion/inhibition of its levels/activation abrogated MCP1-induced NFATc1-cyclin D1-CDK6-CDK4-Pak1 signaling and, thereby, decreased HASMC F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation. In addition, smooth muscle-specific deletion of NFATc1 led to decreased cyclin D1 expression and CDK6, CDK4, and Pak1 activities, resulting in reduced neointima formation in response to injury. Thus, these observations reveal that Pak1 is a downstream effector of CDK4 and Rac1-dependent, NFATc1-mediated cyclin D1 expression and CDK6 activity mediate this effect. In addition, smooth muscle-specific deletion of NFATc1 prevented the capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells for MCP-1-induced activation of the cyclin D1-CDK6-CDK4-Pak1 signaling axis, affecting their migration and proliferation in vitro and injury-induced neointima formation in vivo.
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25
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Role of CX3CR1 receptor in monocyte/macrophage driven neovascularization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57230. [PMID: 23437346 PMCID: PMC3578809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte/Macrophages are implicated in initiation of angiogenesis, tissue/organ perfusion and atherosclerosis biology. We recently showed that chemokine receptor CX3CR1 is an essential regulator of monocyte/macrophage derived smooth muscle cell differentiation in the vessel wall after injury. Here we hypothesised the contribution of CX3CR1- CX3CL1 interaction to in vivo neovascularization and studied the functional consequences of genetic and pharmacologic targeting of CX3CR1 in formation, maturation and maintenance of microvascular integrity. Cells functionally deficient in CX3CR1 lacked matrix tunnelling and tubulation capacity in a 3D Matrigel assay. These morphogenic and cytokinetic responses were driven by CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction and totally abrogated by a Rho antagonist. To evaluate the role of CX3CR1 system in vivo, Matrigel plugs were implanted in competent CX3CR1+/gfp and functionally deficient CX3CR1gfp/gfp mice. Leaky microvessels (MV) were formed in the Matrigel implanted in CX3CR1gfp/gfp but not in CX3CR1+/gfp mice. In experimental plaque neovascularization immature MV phenotype was observed in CX3CR1gfp/gfp mice, lacking CX3CR1 positive smooth muscle-like cells, extracellular collagen and basement membrane (BM) laminin compared to competent CX3CR1+/gfp mice. This was associated with increased extravasation of platelets into the intima of CX3CR1gfp/gfp but not functionally competent CX3CR1 mice. Pharmacologic targeting using CX3CR1 receptor antagonist in wild type mice resulted in formation of plaque MV with poor BM coverage and a leaky phenotype. Our data indicate a hitherto unrecognised role for functional CX3CR1 in Matrigel and experimental plaque neovascularization in vivo, which may buttress MV collectively in favour of a more stable non-leaky phenotype.
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26
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Zhang J, Hu H, Palma NL, Harrison JK, Mubarak KK, Carrie RD, Alnuaimat H, Shen X, Luo D, Patel JM. Hypoxia-induced endothelial CX3CL1 triggers lung smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and proliferative expansion. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L912-22. [PMID: 23002075 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00014.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal arterioles with limited smooth muscles help maintain the high blood flow and low pressure in the lung circulation. Chronic hypoxia induces lung distal vessel muscularization. However, the molecular events that trigger alveolar hypoxia-induced peripheral endothelium modulation of vessel wall smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and filling of nonmuscular areas are unclear. Here, we investigated the role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 system in endothelial-SMC cross talk in response to hypoxia. Human lung microvascular endothelial cells responded to alveolar oxygen deficiency by overproduction of the chemokine CX3CL1. The CX3CL1 receptor CX3CR1 is expressed by SMCs that are adjacent to the distal endothelium. Hypoxic release of endothelial CX3CL1 induced SMC phenotypic switching from the contractile to the proliferative state. Inhibition of CX3CR1 prevented CX3CL1 stimulation of SMC proliferation and monolayer expansion. Furthermore, CX3CR1 deficiency attenuated spiral muscle expansion, distal vessel muscularization, and pressure elevation in response to hypoxia. Our findings indicate that the capillary endothelium relies on the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis to sense alveolar hypoxia and promote peripheral vessel muscularization. These results have clinical significance in the development of novel therapeutics that target mechanisms of distal arterial remodeling associated with pulmonary hypertension induced by oxygen deficiency that is present in people living at high altitudes and patients with obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Zhang
- Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0225, USA
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27
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Singh NK, Kundumani-Sridharan V, Kumar S, Verma SK, Kotla S, Mukai H, Heckle MR, Rao GN. Protein kinase N1 is a novel substrate of NFATc1-mediated cyclin D1-CDK6 activity and modulates vascular smooth muscle cell division and migration leading to inward blood vessel wall remodeling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36291-304. [PMID: 22893700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.361220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Toward understanding the mechanisms of vascular wall remodeling, here we have studied the role of NFATc1 in MCP-1-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) growth and migration and injury-induced rat aortic wall remodeling. We have identified PKN1 as a novel downstream target of NFATc1-cyclin D1/CDK6 activity in mediating vascular wall remodeling following injury. MCP-1, a potent chemoattractant protein, besides enhancing HASMC motility, also induced its growth, and these effects require NFATc1-dependent cyclin D1 expression and CDK4/6 activity. In addition, MCP-1 induced PKN1 activation in a sustained and NFATc1-cyclin D1/CDK6-dependent manner. Furthermore, PKN1 activation is required for MCP-1-induced HASMC growth and migration. Balloon injury induced PKN1 activation in NFAT-dependent manner and pharmacological or dominant negative mutant-mediated blockade of PKN1 function or siRNA-mediated down-regulation of its levels substantially suppressed balloon injury-induced smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation resulting in reduced neointima formation. These novel findings suggest that PKN1 plays a critical role in vascular wall remodeling, and therefore, it could be a promising new target for the next generation of drugs for vascular diseases, particularly restenosis following angioplasty, stent implantation, or vein grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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28
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Fadini GP, Avogaro A. It is all in the blood: the multifaceted contribution of circulating progenitor cells in diabetic complications. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:742976. [PMID: 22548049 PMCID: PMC3324138 DOI: 10.1155/2012/742976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide growing disease and represents a huge social and healthcare problem owing to the burden of its complications. Micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications arise from excess damage through well-known biochemical pathways. Interestingly, microangiopathy hits the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment with features similar to retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. The BM represents a reservoir of progenitor cells for multiple lineages, not limited to the hematopoietic system and including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and osteogenic cells. All these multiple progenitor cell lineages are profoundly altered in the setting of diabetes in humans and animal models. Reduction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) along with excess smooth muscle progenitor (SMP) and osteoprogenitor cells creates an imbalance that promote the development of micro- and macroangiopathy. Finally, an excess generation of BM-derived fusogenic cells has been found to contribute to diabetic complications in animal models. Taken together, a growing amount of literature attributes to circulating progenitor cells a multi-faceted role in the pathophysiology of DM, setting a novel scenario that puts BM and the blood at the centre of the stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Diabetology, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
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29
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Merkulova-Rainon T, Broquères-You D, Kubis N, Silvestre JS, Lévy BI. Towards the therapeutic use of vascular smooth muscle progenitor cells. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:205-14. [PMID: 22354897 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of alternative proangiogenic and revascularization processes, including recombinant protein delivery, gene therapy, and cell therapy, hold the promise of greater efficacy in the management of cardiovascular disease in the coming years. In particular, vascular progenitor cell-based strategies have emerged as an efficient treatment approach to promote vessel formation and repair and to improve tissue perfusion. During the past decade, considerable progress has been achieved in understanding therapeutic properties of endothelial progenitor cells, while the therapeutic potential of vascular smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPC) has only recently been explored; the number of the circulating SMPC being correlated with cardiovascular health. Several endogenous SMPC populations with varying phenotypes have been identified and characterized in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and vascular wall. While the phenotypic entity of vascular SMPC is not fully defined and remains an evolving area of research, SMPC are increasingly recognized to play a special role in cardiovascular biology. In this review, we describe the current approaches used to define vascular SMPC. We further summarize the data on phenotype and functional properties of SMPC from various sources in adults. Finally, we discuss the role of SMPC in cardiovascular disease, including the contribution of SMPC to intimal proliferation, angiogenesis, and atherosclerotic plaque instability as well as the benefits resulting from the therapeutic use of SMPC.
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30
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Bitar KN, Raghavan S. Intestinal tissue engineering: current concepts and future vision of regenerative medicine in the gut. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:7-19. [PMID: 22188325 PMCID: PMC3248673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional tissue engineering of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process aiming to aid the regeneration of structural layers of smooth muscle, intrinsic enteric neuronal plexuses, specialized mucosa, and epithelial cells as well as interstitial cells. The final tissue-engineered construct is intended to mimic the native GI tract anatomically and physiologically. Physiological functionality of tissue-engineered constructs is of utmost importance while considering clinical translation. The construct comprises of cellular components as well as biomaterial scaffolding components. Together, these determine the immune response a tissue-engineered construct would elicit from a host upon implantation. Over the last decade, significant advances have been made to mitigate adverse host reactions. These include a quest for identifying autologous cell sources like embryonic and adult stem cells, bone marrow-derived cells, neural crest-derived cells, and muscle derived-stem cells. Scaffolding biomaterials have been fabricated with increasing biocompatibility and biodegradability. Manufacturing processes have advanced to allow for precise spatial architecture of scaffolds to mimic in vivo milieu closely and achieve neovascularization. This review will focus on the current concepts and the future vision of functional tissue engineering of the diverse neuromuscular structures of the GI tract from the esophagus to the internal anal sphincter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil N. Bitar
- Address Correspondence to: Khalil N. Bitar, PhD., AGAF, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem NC 27101, Phone: (336) 713-1470, FAX: (336) 713-7290,
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31
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Clover AJP, Kumar AHS, Caplice NM. Deficiency of CX3CR1 delays burn wound healing and is associated with reduced myeloid cell recruitment and decreased sub-dermal angiogenesis. Burns 2011; 37:1386-93. [PMID: 21924836 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of a good blood supply is a key step in burn wound healing and appears to be regulated in part by myeloid cells. CX3CR1 positive cells have recently been identified as myeloid cells with a potential role in angiogenesis. The role of functional CX3CR1 system in burn wound healing is not previously investigated. A 2% contact burn was induced in CX3CR1(+/gfp) and CX3CR1(gfp/gfp) mice. These transgenic mice facilitate the tracking of CX3CR1 cells (CX3CR1(+/gfp)) and allow evaluation of the consequence of CX3CR1 functional knockout (CX3CR1(gfp/gfp)) on burn wound healing. The progression of wound healing was monitored before tissue was harvested and analyzed at day 6 and day 12 for migration of CX3CR1 cells into burn wound. Deficiency of a functional CX3CR1 system resulted in decreased recruitment of CX3CR1 positive cells into the burn wound associated with decreased myeloid cell recruitment (p<0.001) and reduced maintenance of new vessels (p<0.001). Burn wound healing was prolonged (p<0.05). Our study is the first to establish a role for CX3CR1 in burn wound healing which is associated with sub-dermal angiogenesis. This chemokine receptor pathway may be attractive for therapeutic manipulation as it could increase sub dermal angiogenesis and thereby improve time to healing.
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32
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the mobilization and recruitment of circulating or tissue-resident progenitor cells that give rise to endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) can participate in atherosclerosis, neointima hyperplasia after arterial injury, and transplant arteriosclerosis. It is believed that endothelial progenitor cells do exist and can repair and rejuvenate the arteries under physiologic conditions; however, they may also contribute to lesion formation by influencing plaque stability in advanced atherosclerotic plaque under specific pathologic conditions. At the same time, smooth muscle progenitors, despite their capacity to expedite lesion formation during restenosis, may serve to promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization by producing extracellular matrix proteins. This profound evidence provides support to the hypothesis that both endothelial and smooth muscle progenitors may act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, the understanding of the regulatory networks that control endothelial and smooth muscle progenitor differentiation is undoubtedly fundamental both for basic research and for improving current therapeutic avenues for atherosclerosis. We update the progress in progenitor cell study related to the development of arteriosclerosis, focusing specifically on the role of progenitor cells in lesion formation and discuss the controversial issues that regard the origins, frequency, and impact of the progenitors in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Campagnolo
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, England
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Ikesue M, Matsui Y, Ohta D, Danzaki K, Ito K, Kanayama M, Kurotaki D, Morimoto J, Kojima T, Tsutsui H, Uede T. Syndecan-4 Deficiency Limits Neointimal Formation After Vascular Injury by Regulating Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Vascular Progenitor Cell Mobilization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1066-74. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.217703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Syndecan-4 (Syn4) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan and works as a coreceptor for various growth factors. We examined whether Syn4 could be involved in the development of neointimal formation in vivo.
Methods and Results—
Wild-type (WT) and Syn4-deficient (Syn4
−/−
) mice were subjected to wire-induced femoral artery injury.
Syn4
mRNA was upregulated after vascular injury in WT mice. Neointimal formation was attenuated in Syn4
−/−
mice, concomitantly with the reduction of Ki67-positive vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Basic-fibroblast growth factor– or platelet-derived growth factor-BB–induced proliferation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, and expression of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 were impaired in VSMCs from Syn4
−/−
mice. To examine the role of Syn4 in bone marrow (BM)–derived vascular progenitor cells (VPCs) and vascular walls, we generated chimeric mice by replacing the BM cells of WT and Syn4
−/−
mice with those of WT or Syn4
−/−
mice. Syn4 expressed by both vascular walls and VPCs contributed to the neointimal formation after vascular injury. Although the numbers of VPCs were compatible between WT and Syn4
−/−
mice, mobilization of VPCs from BM after vascular injury was defective in Syn4
−/−
mice.
Conclusion—
Syn4 deficiency limits neointimal formation after vascular injury by regulating VSMC proliferation and VPC mobilization. Therefore, Syn4 may be a novel therapeutic target for preventing arterial restenosis after angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ikesue
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Yutaka Matsui
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Daichi Ohta
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Keiko Danzaki
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Koyu Ito
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Masashi Kanayama
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Junko Morimoto
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Tetsuhito Kojima
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Toshimitsu Uede
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (M.I., D.O., K.D., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.) and Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (T.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.T.)
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Caplice NM. Role of vessel wall and bone marrow syndecan-4 in neointimal hyperplasia: the plot thickens. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:952-3. [PMID: 21508338 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.225557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu H, Jiang D. Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1180-6. [PMID: 21492740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fractalkine is a unique chemokine which has both adhesive and chemoattractant functions. With the increasing emphasis on the importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis, more attention has been focused on the role of chemokines in atherosclerosis. It has been shown that fractalkine/CX3CR1 participates in the atherosclerotic pathological process through mediating the recruitment of leukocytes and the interaction of vascular cells and leukocytes. Some signal pathways are simultaneously activated through fractalkine/CX3CR1 coupling to promote the inflammatory response in atherosclerotic vessels. Additionally, fractalkine has cytotoxic effects on endothelium as well as anti-apoptosis and proliferative effects on vascular cells which consequently changes plaque components and stability in plaque. Several studies have showed that fractalkine or CX3CR1 deficiency in atherosclerotic mice would ameliorate the severity of plaque. Population studies on CX3CR1 polymorphism have confirmed that 280M-containing haplotype is associated with reduced risk of atherosclerotic disease. Despite the apparent association with atherosclerosis, further studies on fractalkine/CX3CR1 chemokine pair are clearly warranted to more fully elucidate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Psaltis PJ, Harbuzariu A, Delacroix S, Holroyd EW, Simari RD. Resident vascular progenitor cells--diverse origins, phenotype, and function. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2010; 4:161-76. [PMID: 21116882 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-010-9248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental contributions that blood vessels make toward organogenesis and tissue homeostasis are reflected by the considerable ramifications that loss of vascular wall integrity has on pre- and postnatal health. During both neovascularization and vessel wall remodeling after insult, the dynamic nature of vascular cell growth and replacement vitiates traditional impressions that blood vessels contain predominantly mature, terminally differentiated cell populations. Recent discoveries have verified the presence of diverse stem/progenitor cells for both vascular and non-vascular progeny within the mural layers of the vasculature. During embryogenesis, this encompasses the emergence of definitive hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent mesoangioblasts from the developing dorsal aorta. Ancestral cells have also been identified and isolated from mature, adult blood vessels, showing variable capacity for endothelial, smooth muscle, and mesenchymal differentiation. At present, the characterization of these different vascular wall progenitors remains somewhat rudimentary, but there is evidence for their constitutive residence within organized compartments in the vessel wall, most compellingly in the tunica adventitia. This review overviews the spectrum of resident stem/progenitor cells that have been documented in macro- and micro-vessels during developmental and adult life and considers the implications for a local, vascular wall stem cell niche(s) in the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Daniel JM, Sedding DG. Circulating smooth muscle progenitor cells in arterial remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 50:273-9. [PMID: 21047514 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the media toward the intimal layer are key components in vascular proliferative diseases. In addition, the differentiation of circulating bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMCs) into SMCs has been described to contribute to lesion progression in experimental models of atherosclerosis, transplant arteriosclerosis, and neointima formation. In vitro, CD14(+) BMMCs from peripheral blood acquire a spindle-shaped phenotype and express specific SMC markers in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB. However, the 'trans-differentiation' capacity of BMMCs into definitive SMCs in vivo remains a highly controversial issue. Whereas SMCs within atherosclerotic plaques have been demonstrated to be exclusively of local origin, more severe injury models have shown a wide diversity of SMCs or smooth muscle-like cells derived from BMMCs. In hindsight, these discrepancies may be attributed to methodological differences, e.g., the use of high-resolution microscopy or the specificity of the SMC marker proteins. In fact, the analysis of mouse strains that express marker genes under the control of a highly specific smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) promoter and a time-course analysis on the dynamic process of neointima formation have recently shown that BMMCs temporarily express α-smooth muscle actin, not SM-MHC. Additionally, BM-derived cells disappear from the neointimal lesion after the inflammatory response to the injury has subsided. Although CD14(+)/CD68(+) have important paracrine effects on arterial lesion progression, BMMCs account for more of the 'SMC-like macrophages' than the highly 'trans-differentiated' and definitive SMCs in vivo. This article is part of a special issue entitled, "Cardiovascular Stem Cells Revisited".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Marcus Daniel
- Department of Cardiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Albiero M, Menegazzo L, Fadini GP. Circulating Smooth Muscle Progenitors and Atherosclerosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2010; 20:133-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A Specific Subset of Mouse Bone Marrow Cells Has Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Capacity–Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:533-5. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.200097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
To determine whether CX
3
CR1
+
bone marrow cells have the capacity for smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation.
Methods and Results—
CX
3
CR1
+
and CX
3
CR1
−
cells were isolated from marrow of CX
3
CR1 transgenic mice and cultured in SMC differentiation media. Phenotypic and functional analyses showed only CX
3
CR1
+
bone marrow cells exhibit colony cell outgrowth with SMC-specific protein expression, calcium signaling, and contraction responses similar to mature SMC.
Conclusion—
CX
3
CR1 marks a bone marrow cells population that enriches for progenitors with capacity to differentiate in vitro into SMC-like cells.
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