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Kayongo A, Robertson NM, Siddharthan T, Ntayi ML, Ndawula JC, Sande OJ, Bagaya BS, Kirenga B, Mayanja-Kizza H, Joloba ML, Forslund SK. Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085551. [PMID: 36741369 PMCID: PMC9890194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has significantly contributed to global mortality, with three million deaths reported annually. This impact is expected to increase over the next 40 years, with approximately 5 million people predicted to succumb to COPD-related deaths annually. Immune mechanisms driving disease progression have not been fully elucidated. Airway microbiota have been implicated. However, it is still unclear how changes in the airway microbiome drive persistent immune activation and consequent lung damage. Mechanisms mediating microbiome-immune crosstalk in the airways remain unclear. In this review, we examine how dysbiosis mediates airway inflammation in COPD. We give a detailed account of how airway commensal bacteria interact with the mucosal innate and adaptive immune system to regulate immune responses in healthy or diseased airways. Immune-phenotyping airway microbiota could advance COPD immunotherapeutics and identify key open questions that future research must address to further such translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Moses Levi Ntayi
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Josephine Caren Ndawula
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard S. Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sofia K. Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitatsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Sofia K. Forslund,
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2
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Vallance TM, Sheard JJ, Meng Y, Torre EC, Patel K, Widera D, Vaiyapuri S. Development and characterization of a novel, megakaryocyte NF-κB reporter cell line for investigating inflammatory responses. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:107-120. [PMID: 33037735 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Essentials An easily detectable readout in megakaryocyte cell lines will enhance inflammatory research in these cells. Here, we report the development and characterization of a novel megakaryocyte NF-κB-reporter cell line (Meg-01R). Multiple inflammatory molecules modulate NF-κB activity in Meg-01R cells. Meg-01R cells respond to small molecule inhibitors such as IMD0354 and C87 that are known to inhibit NF-κB activity upon stimulation with TNFα. ABSTRACT: Background Because of the difficulties in acquiring large numbers of megakaryocytes, the impact of inflammatory responses on these cells and their ability to produce fully functional platelets under various pathological conditions has not been investigated in detail. Objectives The primary objective of this study is to develop and functionally characterize a novel megakaryocyte nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) reporter cell line to determine the effects of various inflammatory molecules on megakaryocytes and their signalling pathways. Methods A Meg-01-NF-κB-GFP-Luc (Meg-01R) cell line was developed by inserting a reporter NF-κB-GFP-Luc cassette into normal Meg-01 cells to produce luciferase following activation of NF-κB to enable easy detection of pro-inflammatory and reparative signalling. Results and conclusions Meg-01 and Meg-01R cells have comparable characteristics, including the expression of both GPIbα and integrin β3 . Meg-01R cells responded to various inflammatory molecules as measured by NF-κB-dependent bioluminescence. For example, inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-α and Pam3CSK4 increased NF-κB activity, whereas an antimicrobial peptide, LL37, reduced its activity. Meg-01R cells were also found to be sensitive to inhibitors (IMD0354 and C87) of inflammatory pathways. Notably, Meg-01R cells were able to respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; non-ultrapure), although it was not able to react to ultrapure LPS because of the lack of sufficient TLR4 molecules on their surface. For the first time, we report the development and characterization of a novel megakaryocyte NF-κB reporter cell line (Meg-01R) as a robust tool to study the inflammatory responses/signalling of megakaryocytes upon stimulation with a broad range of inflammatory molecules that can affect NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Darius Widera
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Scheenstra MR, van Harten RM, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP, Coorens M. Cathelicidins Modulate TLR-Activation and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1137. [PMID: 32582207 PMCID: PMC7296178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins are short cationic peptides that are part of the innate immune system. At first, these peptides were studied mostly for their direct antimicrobial killing capacity, but nowadays they are more and more appreciated for their immunomodulatory functions. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the various effects cathelicidins have on the detection of damage- and microbe-associated molecular patterns, with a special focus on their effects on Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. We review the available literature based on TLR ligand types, which can roughly be divided into lipidic ligands, such as LPS and lipoproteins, and nucleic-acid ligands, such as RNA and DNA. For both ligand types, we describe how direct cathelicidin-ligand interactions influence TLR activation, by for instance altering ligand stability, cellular uptake and receptor interaction. In addition, we will review the more indirect mechanisms by which cathelicidins affect downstream TLR-signaling. To place all this information in a broader context, we discuss how these cathelicidin-mediated effects can have an impact on how the host responds to infectious organisms as well as how these effects play a role in the exacerbation of inflammation in auto-immune diseases. Finally, we discuss how these immunomodulatory activities can be exploited in vaccine development and cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel M van Harten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Coorens
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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Suzuki K, Murakami T, Hu Z, Tamura H, Kuwahara-Arai K, Iba T, Nagaoka I. Human Host Defense Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 Enhances the Lipopolysaccharide Uptake by Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells without Cell Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1338-1347. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The liver is a major organ that removes waste substances from the blood, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are professional scavenger cells, which incorporate and degrade various endogenous and exogenous molecules including pathogenic factor LPS. Mammalian cells express a number of peptide antibiotics that function as effectors in the innate host defense systems. LL-37, a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, has a potent LPS-neutralizing activity and exhibits protective actions on various infection models. However, the effect of LL-37 on the LPS clearance has not been clarified. In this study, to further understand the host-protective mechanism of LL-37, we evaluated the effect of LL-37 on the LPS clearance in vitro. LL-37 enhanced the LPS uptake by human LSECs. Of interest, LL-37 was similarly incorporated into LSECs both in the presence and the absence of LPS, and the incorporated LPS and LL-37 were colocalized in LSECs. Importantly, the uptake of LPS and LL-37 was inhibited by endocytosis inhibitors, heparan sulfate proteoglycan analogs, and glycosaminoglycan lyase treatment of the cells. Moreover, the uptake of LL-37-LPS did not activate TLR4 signaling in both MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways. In addition, the incorporated LL-37-LPS was likely transported to the lysosomes in LSECs. Together these observations suggest that LL-37 enhances the LPS uptake by LSECs via endocytosis through the complex formation with LPS and the interaction with cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thereby facilitating the intracellular incorporation and degradation of LPS without cell activation. In this article, we propose a novel function of LL-37 in enhancing LPS clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Suzuki
- *Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taisuke Murakami
- *Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Zhongshuang Hu
- *Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- *Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- †Laboratory Program Support Consulting Office, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kuwahara-Arai
- ‡Department of Bacteriology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; and
| | - Toshiaki Iba
- §Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- *Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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