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Cersosimo F, Lonardi S, Ulivieri C, Martini P, Morrione A, Vermi W, Giordano A, Giurisato E. CSF-1R in Cancer: More than a Myeloid Cell Receptor. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:282. [PMID: 38254773 PMCID: PMC10814415 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CFS-1R) is a myeloid receptor with a crucial role in monocyte survival and differentiation. Its overexpression is associated with aggressive tumors characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment and poor prognosis. CSF-1R ligands, IL-34 and M-CSF, are produced by many cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), suggesting a key role for the receptor in the crosstalk between tumor, immune and stromal cells in the TME. Recently, CSF-1R expression was reported in the cell membrane of the cancer cells of different solid tumors, capturing the interest of various research groups interested in investigating the role of this receptor in non-myeloid cells. This review summarizes the current data available on the expression and activity of CSF-1R in different tumor types. Notably, CSF-1R+ cancer cells have been shown to produce CSF-1R ligands, indicating that CSF-1R signaling is positively regulated in an autocrine manner in cancer cells. Recent research demonstrated that CSF-1R signaling enhances cell transformation by supporting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, stemness and drug resistance. In addition, this review covers recent therapeutic strategies, including monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors, targeting the CSF-1R and designed to block the pro-oncogenic role of CSF-1R in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cersosimo
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (P.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Cristina Ulivieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Paolo Martini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (P.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (P.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor Enhances Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Aggressiveness In Vitro and In Vivo and Increases Osteopontin Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416028. [PMID: 36555673 PMCID: PMC9785574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major public health concern and one of the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide. The definition of altered signaling pathways implicated in this complex disease is thus essential. In this context, abnormal expression of the receptor of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 (M-CSF or CSF-1) has been described in prostate cancer cells. Yet, outcomes of this expression remain unknown. Using mouse and human prostate cancer cell lines, this study has investigated the functionality of the wild-type CSF-1 receptor in prostate tumor cells and identified molecular mechanisms underlying its ligand-induced activation. Here, we showed that upon CSF-1 binding, the receptor autophosphorylates and activates multiple signaling pathways in prostate tumor cells. Biological experiments demonstrated that the CSF-1R/CSF-1 axis conferred significant advantages in cell growth and cell invasion in vitro. Mouse xenograft experiments showed that CSF-1R expression promoted the aggressiveness of prostate tumor cells. In particular, we demonstrated that the ligand-activated CSF-1R increased the expression of spp1 transcript encoding for osteopontin, a key player in cancer development and metastasis. Therefore, this study highlights that the CSF-1 receptor is fully functional in a prostate cancer cell and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Bencheikh L, Imanci A, Plocque A, Solary É, Droin N. [Dynamic role of nuclear CSF1R in the monocytic lineage]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 35:1225-1227. [PMID: 31903947 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bencheikh
- Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France - Université Paris-Sud, faculté de médecine, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Aygun Imanci
- Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France - Université Paris-Sud, faculté de médecine, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexia Plocque
- Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France - Université Paris-Sud, faculté de médecine, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Éric Solary
- Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France - Département d'hématologie, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France - Université Paris-Sud, faculté de médecine, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France - Inserm US23, CNRS UMS 3655, AMMICa, plateforme génomique, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
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Bencheikh L, Diop MK, Rivière J, Imanci A, Pierron G, Souquere S, Naimo A, Morabito M, Dussiot M, De Leeuw F, Lobry C, Solary E, Droin N. Dynamic gene regulation by nuclear colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor in human monocytes and macrophages. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1935. [PMID: 31028249 PMCID: PMC6486619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their location at the cell surface, several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are also found in the nucleus, as either intracellular domains or full length proteins. However, their potential nuclear functions remain poorly understood. Here we find that a fraction of full length Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R), an RTK involved in monocyte/macrophage generation, migrates to the nucleus upon CSF-1 stimulation in human primary monocytes. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation identifies the preferential recruitment of CSF-1R to intergenic regions, where it co-localizes with H3K4me1 and interacts with the transcription factor EGR1. When monocytes are differentiated into macrophages with CSF-1, CSF-1R is redirected to transcription starting sites, colocalizes with H3K4me3, and interacts with ELK and YY1 transcription factors. CSF-1R expression and chromatin recruitment is modulated by small molecule CSF-1R inhibitors and altered in monocytes from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia patients. Unraveling this dynamic non-canonical CSF-1R function suggests new avenues to explore the poorly understood functions of this receptor and its ligands. Receptor tyrosine kinases localize to the cell surface and have been suggested to also have nuclear function. Here the authors provide evidence that Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) migrates to the nucleus upon CSF-1 stimulation in monocytes and that upon differentiation into macrophages, CSF-1R localizes to TSS, co-localizes with H3K4me3, and interacts with ELK and YY1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bencheikh
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Julie Rivière
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Aygun Imanci
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Gerard Pierron
- CNRS UMR9196, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvie Souquere
- CNRS UMR9196, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Audrey Naimo
- INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, AMMICa, Genomic platform, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Margot Morabito
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Michaël Dussiot
- INSERM U1163, CNRS UMR8254, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France.,Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, 75015, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'excellence GR-Ex, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric De Leeuw
- INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, AMMICa, Imaging and Cytometry Platform, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Camille Lobry
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France. .,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France. .,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, AMMICa, Genomic platform, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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Rovida E, Dello Sbarba P. Possible mechanisms and function of nuclear trafficking of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3627-31. [PMID: 24972636 PMCID: PMC11113589 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) have long being studied with respect to the "canonical" signaling. This includes ligand-induced activation of a receptor tyrosine kinase at the cell surface that leads to receptor dimerization, followed by its phosphorylation in the intracellular domain and activation. The activated receptor then recruits cytoplasmic signaling molecules including other kinases. Activation of the downstream signaling cascade frequently leads to changes in gene expression following nuclear translocation of downstream targets. However, RTK themselves may localize within the nucleus, as either full-length molecules or cleaved fragments, with or without their ligands. Significant differences in this mechanism have been reported depending on the individual RTK, cellular context or disease. Accumulating evidences indicate that the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) may localize within the nucleus. To date, however, little is known about the mechanism of CSF-1R nuclear shuttling, as well as the functional role of nuclear CSF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rovida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Sezione di Patologia e Oncologia Sperimentali, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy,
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Salamon RS, Backer JM. Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate: tool of choice for class I PI 3-kinases. Bioessays 2014; 35:602-11. [PMID: 23765576 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Class I PI 3-kinases signal by producing the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5) trisphosphate, which in turn acts by recruiting downstream effectors that contain specific lipid-binding domains. The class I PI 3-kinases comprise four distinct catalytic subunits linked to one of seven different regulatory subunits. All the class I PI 3-kinases produce the same signaling lipid, PIP3, and the different isoforms have overlapping expression patterns and are coupled to overlapping sets of upstream activators. Nonetheless, studies in cultured cells and in animals have demonstrated that the different isoforms are coupled to distinct ranges of downstream responses. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which the production of a common product, PIP3, can produce isoform-specific signaling by PI 3-kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Schnur Salamon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Hagiwara M, Kokubu E, Sugiura S, Komatsu T, Tada H, Isoda R, Tanigawa N, Kato Y, Ishida N, Kobayashi K, Nakashima M, Ishihara K, Matsushita K. Vinculin and Rab5 complex is required [correction of requited]for uptake of Staphylococcus aureus and interleukin-6 expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87373. [PMID: 24466349 PMCID: PMC3900708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinculin, a 116-kDa membrane cytoskeletal protein, is an important molecule for cell adhesion; however, little is known about its other cellular functions. Here, we demonstrated that vinculin binds to Rab5 and is required for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) uptake in cells. Viunculin directly bound to Rab5 and enhanced the activation of S. aureus uptake. Over-expression of active vinculin mutants enhanced S. aureus uptake, whereas over-expression of an inactive vinculin mutant decreased S. aureus uptake. Vinculin bound to Rab5 at the N-terminal region (1-258) of vinculin. Vinculin and Rab5 were involved in the S. aureus-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinases (p38, Erk, and JNK) and IL-6 expression. Finally, vinculin and Rab5 knockdown reduced infection of S. aureus, phosphorylation of MAPKs and IL-6 expression in murine lungs. Our results suggest that vinculin binds to Rab5 and that these two molecules cooperatively enhance bacterial infection and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hagiwara
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eitoyo Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sugiura
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshinori Komatsu
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tada
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Isoda
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naomi Tanigawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kato
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ishida
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Chockalingam S, Ghosh SS. Amelioration of cancer stem cells in macrophage colony stimulating factor-expressing U87MG-human glioblastoma upon 5-fluorouracil therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83877. [PMID: 24391839 PMCID: PMC3877109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) regulates growth, proliferation and differentiation of haematopoietic cell lineages. Many cancers are known to secrete high level of MCSF, which recruit macrophages into the tumour micro-environment, supporting tumour growth. Herein, we report the cloning of MCSF and subsequent generation of U87MG expressing MCSF stable cell line (U87-MCSF). Cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated on both U87MG and U87-MCSF cells. Interestingly, the proliferation of U87-MCSF cells was less (p<0.001) than that of U87MG cells alone, after treatment with 5-FU. Significant decrease in expression levels of cyclin E and A2 quantified by real time PCR analysis corroborated the reduced proliferation of 5-FU treated U87-MCSF cells. However, JC-1 staining did not reveal any apoptosis upon 5-FU treatment. Notch-1 upregulation induced a possible epithelial-mesenchymal transition in U87-MCSF cells, which accounted for an increase in the proportion of CD24high/CD44less cancer stem cells in U87-MCSF cells after 5-FU treatment. The elevated resistance of U87-MCSF cells towards 5-FU was due to the increase in the expressions (10.2 and 6 fold) of ABCB1 and mdm2, respectively. Furthermore, increase in expressions of ABCG1, mdm2 and CD24 was also observed in U87MG cells after prolonged incubation with 5-FU. Our studies provided mechanistic insights into drug resistance of U87MG cells and also described the pivotal role played by MCSF in augmenting the resistance of U87MG cells to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Chockalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
- * E-mail:
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Chromatin-associated CSF-1R binds to the promoter of proliferation-related genes in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:4359-64. [PMID: 24362524 PMCID: PMC4141303 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and its receptor CSF-1R physiologically regulate the monocyte/macrophage system, trophoblast implantation and breast development. An abnormal CSF-1R expression has been documented in several human epithelial tumors, including breast carcinomas. We recently demonstrated that CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling drives proliferation of breast cancer cells via ‘classical' receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. In this paper, we show that CSF-1R can also localize within the nucleus of breast cancer cells, either cell lines or tissue specimens, irrespectively of their intrinsic molecular subtype. We found that the majority of nuclear CSF-1R is located in the chromatin-bound subcellular compartment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that CSF-1R, once in the nucleus, binds to the promoters of the proliferation-related genes CCND1, c-JUN and c-MYC. CSF-1R also binds the promoter of its ligand CSF-1 and positively regulates CSF-1 expression. The existence of such a receptor/ligand regulatory loop is a novel aspect of CSF-1R signaling. Moreover, our results provided the first evidence of a novel localization site of CSF-1R in breast cancer cells, suggesting that CSF-1R could act as a transcriptional regulator on proliferation-related genes.
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Endocytic trafficking of chemokine receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 27:72-7. [PMID: 24680433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors belong to the super family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The cognate ligands for chemokine receptors are small circulating proteins known as chemokines. Upon binding to their cognate chemokines, receptors are rapidly desensitized, internalized onto early endosomes and sorted either into a recycling pathway or degradative pathway. Chemokine receptor trafficking is essential because it limits the magnitude and duration of signaling by removing receptors from the cell surface thereby limiting access to their ligands, but it also delivers bound chemokines to lysosomes for degradation. Receptor sorting into the recycling pathway contributes to resensitization of receptor signaling, whereas sorting into the degradative pathway leads to long-term attenuation of signaling. Recent studies have revealed some key information regarding the molecular determinants mediating chemokine receptor internalization and have shed light on the mechanisms dictating sorting into either the recycling or degradative pathways. Here I discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms mediating chemokine receptor trafficking with a focus primarily on recent findings for the chemokine receptor CXCR4.
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Tzenaki N, Papakonstanti EA. p110δ PI3 kinase pathway: emerging roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2013; 3:40. [PMID: 23459844 PMCID: PMC3585436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IA PI3Ks consists of three isoforms of the p110 catalytic subunit designated p110α, p110β, and p110δ which are encoded by three separate genes. Gain-of-function mutations on PIK3CA gene encoding for p110α isoform have been detected in a wide variety of human cancers whereas no somatic mutations of genes encoding for p110β or p110δ have been reported. Unlike p110α and p110β which are ubiquitously expressed, p110δ is highly enriched in leukocytes and thus the p110δ PI3K pathway has attracted more attention for its involvement in immune disorders. However, findings have been accumulated showing that the p110δ PI3K plays a seminal role in the development and progression of some hematologic malignancies. A wealth of knowledge has come from studies showing the central role of p110δ PI3K in B-cell functions and B-cell malignancies. Further data have documented that wild-type p110δ becomes oncogenic when overexpressed in cell culture models and that p110δ is the predominant isoform expressed in some human solid tumor cells playing a prominent role in these cells. Genetic inactivation of p110δ in mice models and highly-selective inhibitors of p110δ have demonstrated an important role of this isoform in differentiation, growth, survival, motility, and morphology with the inositol phosphatase PTEN to play a critical role in p110δ signaling. In this review, we summarize our understanding of the p110δ PI3K signaling pathway in hematopoietic cells and malignancies, we highlight the evidence showing the oncogenic potential of p110δ in cells of non-hematopoietic origin and we discuss perspectives for potential novel roles of p110δ PI3K in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tzenaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete Heraklion, Greece
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