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Mizoguchi Y, Kamimura M, Kitabatake K, Uchiumi F, Aoki S, Tsukimoto M. Changing the gravity vector direction by inverted culture enhances radiation-induced cell damage. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101792. [PMID: 39149414 PMCID: PMC11325285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has become clear that the cytotoxicity of γ-irradiation of cells is increased under microgravity conditions. However, there has been no study of the effect of the gravity vector direction, rather than the magnitude, on γ-ray-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we inverted cultures of human bronchial epithelium BEAS-2B cells and human lung cancer A549 cells in order to change the gravity vector direction by 180° with respect to the cells and observed the cellular response to radiation in this state. We found that cells in inverted culture showed increased irradiation-induced production of reactive oxygen species and decreased expression of the antioxidant protein thioredoxin-1 compared to cells in normal culture. Furthermore, the DNA damage response was delayed in γ-irradiated cells in inverted culture, and the number of unrepaired DNA sites was increased, compared to irradiated cells in normal culture. γ-Ray-induced cell death and the number of G2-M arrested cells were increased in inverted culture, in accordance with the decreased capacity for DNA repair. Our findings suggest that the gravity vector direction, as well as its magnitude, alters the cellular response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Mizoguchi
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masao Kamimura
- Department of Medical and Robotic Engineering Design, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kitabatake
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Department of Bioorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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2
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Cortés-Sánchez JL, Melnik D, Sandt V, Kahlert S, Marchal S, Johnson IRD, Calvaruso M, Liemersdorf C, Wuest SL, Grimm D, Krüger M. Fluid and Bubble Flow Detach Adherent Cancer Cells to Form Spheroids on a Random Positioning Machine. Cells 2023; 12:2665. [PMID: 37998400 PMCID: PMC10670461 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In preparing space and microgravity experiments, the utilization of ground-based facilities is common for initial experiments and feasibility studies. One approach to simulating microgravity conditions on Earth is to employ a random positioning machine (RPM) as a rotary bioreactor. Combined with a suitable low-mass model system, such as cell cultures, these devices simulating microgravity have been shown to produce results similar to those obtained in a space experiment under real microgravity conditions. One of these effects observed under real and simulated microgravity is the formation of spheroids from 2D adherent cancer cell cultures. Since real microgravity cannot be generated in a laboratory on Earth, we aimed to determine which forces lead to the detachment of individual FTC-133 thyroid cancer cells and the formation of tumor spheroids during culture with exposure to random positioning modes. To this end, we subdivided the RPM motion into different static and dynamic orientations of cell culture flasks. We focused on the molecular activation of the mechanosignaling pathways previously associated with spheroid formation in microgravity. Our results suggest that RPM-induced spheroid formation is a two-step process. First, the cells need to be detached, induced by the cell culture flask's rotation and the subsequent fluid flow, as well as the presence of air bubbles. Once the cells are detached and in suspension, random positioning prevents sedimentation, allowing 3D aggregates to form. In a comparative shear stress experiment using defined fluid flow paradigms, transcriptional responses were triggered comparable to exposure of FTC-133 cells to the RPM. In summary, the RPM serves as a simulator of microgravity by randomizing the impact of Earth's gravity vector especially for suspension (i.e., detached) cells. Simultaneously, it simulates physiological shear forces on the adherent cell layer. The RPM thus offers a unique combination of environmental conditions for in vitro cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cortés-Sánchez
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniela Melnik
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Viviann Sandt
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Shannon Marchal
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Ian R. D. Johnson
- Research in Space Environments Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Marco Calvaruso
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy;
| | - Christian Liemersdorf
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Simon L. Wuest
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland;
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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3
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Li W, Shu X, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Sun S, Li N, Long M. Potential Roles of YAP/TAZ Mechanotransduction in Spaceflight-Induced Liver Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032197. [PMID: 36768527 PMCID: PMC9917057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity exposure during spaceflight causes the disordered regulation of liver function, presenting a specialized mechano-biological coupling process. While YAP/TAZ serves as a typical mechanosensitive pathway involved in hepatocyte metabolism, it remains unclear whether and how it is correlated with microgravity-induced liver dysfunction. Here, we discussed liver function alterations induced by spaceflight or simulated effects of microgravity on Earth. The roles of YAP/TAZ serving as a potential bridge in connecting liver metabolism with microgravity were specifically summarized. Existing evidence indicated that YAP/TAZ target gene expressions were affected by mechanotransductive pathways and phase separation, reasonably speculating that microgravity might regulate YAP/TAZ activation by disrupting these pathways via cytoskeletal remodeling or nuclear deformation, or disturbing condensates formation via diffusion limit, and then breaking liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Shu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziliang Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shujin Sun
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (M.L.)
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4
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Sakakibara S, Abdellatef SA, Yamamoto S, Kamimura M, Nakanishi J. Photoactivatable surfaces resolve the impact of gravity vector on collective cell migratory characteristics. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2206525. [PMID: 37151805 PMCID: PMC10158565 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2206525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable interest in the impact of space travel on human health, the influence of the gravity vector on collective cell migration remains unclear. This is primarily because of the difficulty in inducing collective migration, where cell clusters appear in an inverted position against gravity, without cellular damage. In this study, photoactivatable surfaces were used to overcome this challenge. Photoactivatable surfaces enable the formation of geometry-controlled cellular clusters and the remote induction of cellular migration via photoirradiation, thereby maintaining the cells in the inverted position. Substrate inversion preserved the circularity of cellular clusters compared to cells in the normal upright position, with less leader cell appearance. Furthermore, the inversion of cells against the gravity vector resulted in the remodeling of the cytoskeletal system via the strengthening of external actin bundles. Within the 3D cluster architecture, enhanced accumulation of active myosin was observed in the upper cell-cell junction, with a flattened apical surface. Depending on the gravity vector, attenuating actomyosin activity correlates with an increase in the number of leader cells, indicating the importance of cell contractility in collective migration phenotypes and cytoskeletal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sakakibara
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimaa A. Abdellatef
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- CONTACT Shimaa A. Abdellatef
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masao Kamimura
- Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate school of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Jun Nakanishi Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba305-0044, Japan
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5
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Zhang C, Lü D, Zhang F, Wu Y, Zheng L, Zhang X, Li Z, Sun S, Long M. Gravity-Vector Induces Mechanical Remodeling of rMSCs via Combined Substrate Stiffness and Orientation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:724101. [PMID: 35198547 PMCID: PMC8859489 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.724101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct physical factors originating from the cellular microenvironment are crucial to the biological homeostasis of stem cells. While substrate stiffness and orientation are known to regulate the mechanical remodeling and fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) separately, it remains unclear how the two factors are combined to manipulate their mechanical stability under gravity vector. Here we quantified these combined effects by placing rat MSCs onto stiffness-varied poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates in upward (180°), downward (0°), or edge-on (90°) orientation. Compared with those values onto glass coverslip, the nuclear longitudinal translocation, due to the density difference between the nucleus and the cytosol, was found to be lower at 0° for 24 h and higher at 90° for 24 and 72 h onto 2.5 MPa PDMS substrate. At 0°, the cell was mechanically supported by remarkably reduced actin and dramatically enhanced vimentin expression. At 90°, both enhanced actin and vimentin expression worked cooperatively to maintain cell stability. Specifically, perinuclear actin stress fibers with a large number, low anisotropy, and visible perinuclear vimentin cords were formed onto 2.5 MPa PDMS at 90° for 72 h, supporting the orientation difference in nuclear translocation and global cytoskeleton expression. This orientation dependence tended to disappear onto softer PDMS, presenting distinctive features in nuclear translocation and cytoskeletal structures. Moreover, cellular morphology and focal adhesion were mainly affected by substrate stiffness, yielding a time course of increased spreading area at 24 h but decreased area at 72 h with a decrease of stiffness. Mechanistically, the cell tended to be stabilized onto these PDMS substrates via β1 integrin–focal adhesion complexes–actin mechanosensitive axis. These results provided an insight in understanding the combination of substrate stiffness and orientation in defining the mechanical stability of rMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyuan Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujin Sun
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Mian Long,
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Morbidelli L, Genah S, Cialdai F. Effect of Microgravity on Endothelial Cell Function, Angiogenesis, and Vessel Remodeling During Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:720091. [PMID: 34631676 PMCID: PMC8493071 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.720091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex phenomenon that involves different cell types with various functions, i.e., keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, all influenced by the action of soluble mediators and rearrangement of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Physiological angiogenesis occurs in the granulation tissue during wound healing to allow oxygen and nutrient supply and waste product removal. Angiogenesis output comes from a balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors, which is finely regulated in a spatial and time-dependent manner, in order to avoid insufficient or excessive nonreparative neovascularization. The understanding of the factors and mechanisms that control angiogenesis and their change following unloading conditions (in a real or simulated space environment) will allow to optimize the tissue response in case of traumatic injury or medical intervention. The potential countermeasures under development to optimize the reparative angiogenesis that contributes to tissue healing on Earth will be discussed in relation to their exploitability in space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirley Genah
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Cialdai
- ASA Campus Joint Laboratory, ASA Research Division & Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Vladutiu CJ, Kandasamy V, Ahrens KA. Folate Levels by Time Since Last Live Birth Among U.S. Women, 2007-2016. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 30:1204-1212. [PMID: 33236942 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Folate depletion in the postpartum period may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for women with a short interpregnancy interval following a live birth. We sought to examine folate levels by time since last live birth among U.S. women. Materials and Methods: Data were from 4,809 U.S. women, 20-44 years of age, participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2016. Red blood cell (RBC) folate was measured using microbiological assay on whole blood samples. Dietary folate intake and folic acid supplementation were measured during a 24-hour dietary recall. Prevalence of supplementation by time since last live birth was estimated from logistic regression models; mean levels of RBC folate and mean intake of dietary folate equivalent were estimated from linear regression models. Models were adjusted for maternal sociodemographic characteristics. Results: In adjusted models, supplementation (±standard error) was highest among women in the first year postpartum (31.7% ± 3.2) compared with nulliparous women (23.7% ± 1.9) and those 2-3 years (15.6% ± 1.9) and ≥3 years (18.4% ± 1.6) after last live birth. Mean RBC folate was highest among women in the first year postpartum, regardless of supplementation, with overall mean levels of 606 ± 15 ng/mL, compared with 484 ± 9, 477 ± 11, and 474 ± 7 among women in the aforementioned groups, respectively. Mean dietary folate intake was also highest among postpartum women: 542 ± 23 mcg/day, compared with 474 ± 12, 486 ± 21, and 467 ± 12. Conclusions: Folate levels are highest in the first year postpartum compared with other time periods within a woman's reproductive lifespan. These findings do not support the idea that postpartum U.S. women are depleted in folate, on average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Vladutiu
- Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Veni Kandasamy
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine A Ahrens
- Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA
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Yang X, Wang G, Huang X, Cheng M, Han Y. RNA-seq reveals the diverse effects of substrate stiffness on epidermal ovarian cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20493-20511. [PMID: 33091877 PMCID: PMC7655203 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has confirmed that ovarian cancer is a mechanically responsive tumor both in vivo and in vitro. However, an understanding of the complete molecular mechanism involved in the response to substrate stiffness is lacking, as the associated transcriptome-wide effects have not been mapped. This limited understanding has restricted the identification of potential mechanically responsive targets in ovarian cancer. Results: To address these limitations, we used a polyacrylamide hydrogel system with a tunable Young’s modulus that broadly ranged from soft (1 kPa) to normal (6 kPa) and stiff (60 kPa) and investigated the effect of substrate rigidity on the morphology, spreading area, and cytoskeleton of SKOV-3 epidermal ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. RNA-seq analysis of these cells was then performed at appropriate timepoints to map the transcriptome-wide changes associated with stiffness sensing. We identified a large number of stiffness-sensing genes as well as many genes that were enriched in cancer-related pathways. Informed by these diverse expression results and based on bioinformatics analysis, we evaluated the hypothesis that PLEC and TNS2, which are located in focal adhesions and regulated by lnc-ZNF136, may play key roles in the EOC response to substrate stiffness. Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present study reveal previously unknown features of the EOC stiffness response and provide new insights into EOC metastasis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
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9
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Feliksiak K, Witko T, Solarz D, Guzik M, Rajfur Z. Vimentin Association with Nuclear Grooves in Normal MEF 3T3 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7478. [PMID: 33050497 PMCID: PMC7590159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin, an intermediate filament protein present in leukocytes, blood vessel endothelial cells, and multiple mesenchymal cells, such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF 3T3), is crucial for various cellular processes, as well as for maintaining the integrity and durability (stability) of the cell cytoskeleton. Vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs) adhere tightly to the nucleus and spread to the lamellipodium and tail of the cell, serving as a connector between the nucleus, and the cell's edges, especially in terms of transferring mechanical signals throughout the cell. How these signals are transmitted exactly remains under investigation. In the presented work, we propose that vimentin is involved in that transition by influencing the shape of the nucleus through the formation of nuclear blebs and grooves, as demonstrated by microscopic observations of healthy MEF (3T3) cells. Grooved, or "coffee beans" nuclei, have, to date, been noticed in several healthy cells; however, these structures are especially frequent in cancer cells-they serve as a significant marker for recognition of multiple cancers. We observed 288 MEF3T3 cells cultured on polyhydroxyoctanoate (PHO), polylactide (PLA), and glass, and we identified grooves, coaligned with vimentin fibers in the nuclei of 47% of cells cultured on PHO, 50% of cells on glass, and 59% of cells growing on PLA. We also observed nuclear blebs and associated their occurrence with the type of substrate used for cell culture. We propose that the higher rate of blebs in the nuclei of cells, cultured on PLA, is related to the microenvironmental features of the substrate, pH in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Feliksiak
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (K.F.); (D.S.)
| | - Tomasz Witko
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Daria Solarz
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (K.F.); (D.S.)
| | - Maciej Guzik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (K.F.); (D.S.)
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10
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Wang J, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhang F, Lü D, Shangguan B, Gao Y, Long M. Flow-enhanced priming of hESCs through H2B acetylation and chromatin decondensation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:349. [PMID: 31775893 PMCID: PMC6880446 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinct mechanical stimuli are known to manipulate the behaviors of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Fundamental rationale of how ESCs respond to mechanical forces and the potential biological effects remain elusive. Here we conducted the mechanobiological study for hESCs upon mechanomics analysis to unravel typical mechanosensitive processes on hESC-specific fluid shear. METHODS hESC line H1 was subjected to systematically varied shear flow, and mechanosensitive proteins were obtained by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Then, function enrichment analysis was performed to identify the enriched gene sets. Under a steady shear flow of 1.1 Pa for 24 h, protein expressions were further detected using western blotting (WB), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Meanwhile, the cells were treated with 200 nM trichostatin (TSA) for 1 h as positive control to test chromatin decondensation. Actin, DNA, and RNA were then visualized with TRITC-labeled phalloidin, Hoechst 33342, and SYTO® RNASelect™ green fluorescent cell stain (Life Technologies), respectively. In addition, cell stiffness was determined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and annexin V-PE was used to determine the apoptosis with a flow cytometer (FCM). RESULTS Typical mechanosensitive proteins were unraveled upon mechanomics analysis under fluid shear related to hESCs in vivo. Functional analyses revealed significant alterations in histone acetylation, nuclear size, and cytoskeleton for hESC under shear flow. Shear flow was able to induce H2B acetylation and nuclear spreading by CFL2/F-actin cytoskeletal reorganization. The resulting chromatin decondensation and a larger nucleus readily accommodate signaling molecules and transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS Shear flow regulated chromatin dynamics in hESCs via cytoskeleton and nucleus alterations and consolidated their primed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyuan Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Shangguan
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuxin Gao
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Hu J, Chen S, Hu W, Lü S, Long M. Mechanical Point Loading Induces Cortex Stiffening and Actin Reorganization. Biophys J 2019; 117:1405-1418. [PMID: 31585706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cytoskeleton reorganization is well-recognized when cells are exposed to distinct mechanical stimuli, but the localized responses at a specified region of a cell are still unclear. In this work, we mapped the cell-surface mechanical property of single cells in situ before and after static point loading these cells using atomic force microscopy in PeakForce-Quantitative Nano Mechanics mode. Cell-surface stiffness was elevated at a maximum of 1.35-fold at the vicinity of loading site, indicating an enhanced structural protection of the cortex to the cell. Mechanical modeling also elucidated the structural protection from the stiffened cell cortex, in which 9-15% and 10-19% decrease of maximum stress and strain of the nucleus were obtained. Furthermore, the flat-ended atomic force microscopy probes were used to capture cytoskeleton reorganization after point loading quantitatively, revealing that the larger the applied force and the longer the loading time are, the more pronounced cytoskeleton reorganization is. Also, point loading using a microneedle combined with real-time confocal microscopy uncovered the fast dynamics of actin cytoskeleton reorganization for actin-stained live cells after point loading (<10 s). These results furthered the understandings in the transmission of localized mechanical forces into an adherent cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Hu
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenbao Chen
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Mian Long
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Moser D, Sun SJ, Li N, Biere K, Hoerl M, Matzel S, Feuerecker M, Buchheim JI, Strewe C, Thiel CS, Gao YX, Wang CZ, Ullrich O, Long M, Choukèr A. Cells´ Flow and Immune Cell Priming under alternating g-forces in Parabolic Flight. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11276. [PMID: 31375732 PMCID: PMC6677797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravitational stress in general and microgravity (µg) in particular are regarded as major stress factors responsible for immune system dysfunction in space. To assess the effects of alternating µg and hypergravity (hyper-g) on immune cells, the attachment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to adhesion molecules under flow conditions and the antigen-induced immune activation in whole blood were investigated in parabolic flight (PF). In contrast to hyper-g (1.8 g) and control conditions (1 g), flow and rolling speed of PBMCs were moderately accelerated during µg-periods which were accompanied by a clear reduction in rolling rate. Whole blood analyses revealed a "primed" state of monocytes after PF with potentiated antigen-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. At the same time, concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines were increased and monocytes displayed a surface molecule pattern that indicated immunosuppression. The results suggest an immunologic counterbalance to avoid disproportionate immune responses. Understanding the interrelation of immune system impairing and enhancing effects under different gravitational conditions may support the design of countermeasures to mitigate immune deficiencies in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moser
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S J Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - N Li
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - K Biere
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Hoerl
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Matzel
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Feuerecker
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J-I Buchheim
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Strewe
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C S Thiel
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Machine Design, Engineering Design and Product Development (IMK), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Y X Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - C Z Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - O Ullrich
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Machine Design, Engineering Design and Product Development (IMK), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Long
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - A Choukèr
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Sun S, Wang C, Bi Y, Li N, Lü D, Chen Q, Chen J, Long M. An integration design of gas exchange, bubble separation, and flow control in a space cell culture system on board the SJ-10 satellite. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:075114. [PMID: 31370504 DOI: 10.1063/1.5087770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiological changes of astronauts under space microgravity involve complex factors and require an integrative perspective to fully understand the mechanisms. The readouts from space cell biology experiments strongly depend on the hardware and especially the cell bioreactor that is used in distinct spacecraft. Herein, a specialized cell culture bioreactor is designed for culturing mammalian cells on board the SJ-10 satellite. This hardware focuses mainly on satisfying the requirements of gas exchange, bubble separation, and flow control, as well as their functional and structural integration on cell culture within the technical and environmental constraints of the spacecraft platform under microgravity. A passive bubble separator is constructed and is connected in series to an individual cell culture chamber to remove the bubbles that were produced in orbit during cell growth. A moderate flow rate is preset to provide sufficient mass transfer and low shear stress in a well-designed flow circuit. Together with other modules of temperature control, in situ microscopic imaging, and online imaging acquisition, this novel space cell culture system is successfully used to culture human endothelial cells and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the SJ-10 mission. The advantages and shortcomings of the integration design are discussed for this type of the hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuzhen Bi
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongyuan Lü
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mian Long
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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14
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Lü D, Sun S, Zhang F, Luo C, Zheng L, Wu Y, Li N, Zhang C, Wang C, Chen Q, Long M. Microgravity-induced hepatogenic differentiation of rBMSCs on board the SJ-10 satellite. FASEB J 2018; 33:4273-4286. [PMID: 30521385 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802075r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are able to differentiate into functional hepatocytelike cells, which are expected to serve as a potential cell source in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and clinical treatment of liver injury. Little is known about whether and how space microgravity is able to direct the hepatogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the actual space microenvironment. In this study, we examined the effects of space microgravity on BMSC hepatogenic differentiation on board the SJ-10 Recoverable Scientific Satellite. Rat BMSCs were cultured and induced in hepatogenic induction medium for 3 and 10 d in custom-made space cell culture hardware. Cell growth was monitored periodically in orbit, and the fixed cells and collected supernatants were retrieved back to the Earth for further analyses. Data indicated that space microgravity improves the differentiating capability of the cells by up-regulating hepatocyte-specific albumin and cytokeratin 18. The resulting cells tended to be maturated, with an in-orbit period of up to 10 d. In space, mechanosensitive molecules of β1-integrin, β-actin, α-tubulin, and Ras homolog gene family member A presented enhanced expression, whereas those of cell-surface glycoprotein CD44, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, vinculin, cell division control protein 42 homolog, and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase yielded reduced expression. Also observed in space were the depolymerization of actin filaments and the accumulation of microtubules and vimentin through the altered expression and location of focal adhesion complexes, Rho guanosine 5'-triphosphatases, as well as the enhanced exosome-mediated mRNA transfer. This work furthers the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of space microgravity in directing hepatogenic differentiation of BMSCs.-Lü, D., Sun, S., Zhang, F., Luo, C., Zheng, L., Wu, Y., Li, N., Zhang, C., Wang, C., Chen, Q., Long, M. Microgravity-induced hepatogenic differentiation of rBMSCs on board the SJ-10 satellite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyuan Lü
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Lu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Mian Long
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Li N, Wang C, Sun S, Zhang C, Lü D, Chen Q, Long M. Microgravity-Induced Alterations of Inflammation-Related Mechanotransduction in Endothelial Cells on Board SJ-10 Satellite. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1025. [PMID: 30108515 PMCID: PMC6079262 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are mechanosensitive cells undergoing morphological and functional changes in space. Ground-based study has provided a body of evidences about how ECs can respond to the effect of simulated microgravity, however, these results need to be confirmed by spaceflight experiments in real microgravity. In this work, we cultured EA.hy926 ECs on board the SJ-10 Recoverable Scientific Satellite for 3 and 10 days, and analyzed the effects of space microgravity on the ECs. Space microgravity suppressed the glucose metabolism, modulated the expression of cellular adhesive molecules such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CD44, and depressed the pro-angiogenesis and pro-inflammation cytokine secretion. Meanwhile, it also induced the depolymerization of actin filaments and microtubules, promoted the vimentin accumulation, restrained the collagen I and fibronectin deposition, regulated the mechanotransduction through focal adhesion kinase and Rho GTPases, and enhanced the exosome-mediated mRNA transfer. Unlike the effect of simulated microgravity, neither three-dimensional growth nor enhanced nitric oxide production was observed in our experimental settings. This work furthers the understandings in the effects and mechanisms of space microgravity on ECs, and provides useful information for future spaceflight experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity - National Microgravity Laboratory, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity - National Microgravity Laboratory, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity - National Microgravity Laboratory, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity - National Microgravity Laboratory, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyuan Lü
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity - National Microgravity Laboratory, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity - National Microgravity Laboratory, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Long
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity - National Microgravity Laboratory, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhou L, Zhang C, Zhang F, Lü S, Sun S, Lü D, Long M. Theoretical modeling of mechanical homeostasis of a mammalian cell under gravity-directed vector. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 17:191-203. [PMID: 28819695 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of dense nucleus along gravity vector initiates mechanical remodeling of a eukaryotic cell. In our previous experiments, we quantified the impact of gravity vector on cell remodeling by placing an MC3T3-E1 cell onto upward (U)-, downward (D)-, or edge-on (E)- orientated substrate. Our experimental data demonstrate that orientation dependence of nucleus longitudinal translocation is positively correlated with cytoskeletal (CSK) remodeling of their expressions and structures and also is associated with rearrangement of focal adhesion complex (FAC). However, the underlying mechanism how CSK network and FACs are reorganized in a mammalian cell remains unclear. In this paper, we developed a theoretical biomechanical model to integrate the mechanosensing of nucleus translocation with CSK remodeling and FAC reorganization induced by a gravity vector. The cell was simplified as a nucleated tensegrity structure in the model. The cell and CSK filaments were considered to be symmetrical. All elements of CSK filaments and cytomembrane that support the nucleus were simplified as springs. FACs were simplified as an adhesion cluster of parallel bonds with shared force. Our model proposed that gravity vector-directed translocation of the cell nucleus is mechanically balanced by CSK remodeling and FAC reorganization induced by a gravitational force. Under gravity, dense nucleus tends to translocate and exert additional compressive or stretching force on the cytoskeleton. Finally, changes of the tension force acting on talin by microfilament alter the size of FACs. Results from our model are in qualitative agreement with those from experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lüwen Zhou
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujin Sun
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyuan Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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17
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Häder DP, Braun M, Grimm D, Hemmersbach R. Gravireceptors in eukaryotes-a comparison of case studies on the cellular level. NPJ Microgravity 2017; 3:13. [PMID: 28649635 PMCID: PMC5460273 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-017-0018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have selected five evolutionary very different biological systems ranging from unicellular protists via algae and higher plants to human cells showing responses to the gravity vector of the Earth in order to compare their graviperception mechanisms. All these systems use a mass, which may either by a heavy statolith or the whole content of the cell heavier than the surrounding medium to operate on a gravireceptor either by exerting pressure or by pulling on a cytoskeletal element. In many cases the receptor seems to be a mechanosensitive ion channel activated by the gravitational force which allows a gated ion flux across the membrane when activated. This has been identified in many systems to be a calcium current, which in turn activates subsequent elements of the sensory transduction chain, such as calmodulin, which in turn results in the activation of ubiquitous enzymes, gene expression activation or silencing. Naturally, the subsequent responses to the gravity stimulus differ widely between the systems ranging from orientational movement and directed growth to physiological reactions and adaptation to the environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donat-P. Häder
- Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept. Biol. Neue Str. 9, Emeritus from Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Möhrendorf, 91096 Germany
| | - Markus Braun
- Gravitational Biology, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, 53115 Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK 8000 Denmark
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, DLR (German Aerospace Center), Cologne, Linder Höhe 51147 Germany
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