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Hu T, Mu C, Li Y, Hao W, Yu X, Wang Y, Han W, Li Q. GPS2 ameliorates cigarette smoking-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling by modulating the ras-Raf-ERK axis. Respir Res 2024; 25:210. [PMID: 38755610 PMCID: PMC11100185 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)signaling-mediated smoking-associated pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of group 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH). And G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) could suppress G-protein signaling such as Ras and MAPK, but its role in cigarette smoking -induced PVR (CS-PVR) is unclear. METHODS An in vivo model of smoke-exposed rats was constructed to assess the role of GPS2 in smoking-induced PH and PVR. In vitro, the effects of GPS2 overexpression and silencing on the function of human pulmonary arterial smooth cells (HPASMCs) and the underlying mechanisms were explored. RESULTS GPS2 expression was downregulated in rat pulmonary arteries (PAs) and HPASMCs after CS exposure. More importantly, CS-exposed rats with GPS2 overexpression had lower right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), and wall thickness (WT%) than those without. And enhanced proliferation and migration of HPASMCs induced by cigarette smoking extract (CSE) can be evidently inhibited by overexpressed GPS2. Besides, GPS2siRNA significantly enhanced the proliferation, and migration of HPASMCs as well as activated Ras and Raf/ERK signaling, while these effects were inhibited by zoledronic acid (ZOL). In addition, GPS2 promoter methylation level in rat PAs and HPASMCs was increased after CS exposure, and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza) inhibited CSE-induced GPS2 hypermethylation and downregulation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS GPS2 overexpression could improve the CS-PVR, suggesting that GPS2 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for PH-COPD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chaohui Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanmiao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wanming Hao
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinjuan Yu
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wei Han
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Qinghai Li
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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2
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Gu L, Ju Y, Hu M, Zheng M, Li Q, Zhang X. Research progress of PPARγ regulation of cholesterol and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:839-854. [PMID: 36723831 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidase proliferator receptors (PPARs) are defined as key sensors and regulators of cell metabolism, transcription factors activated by ligands, involved in lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism, participating in the processes of cell differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation regulation, and acute and chronic nerve damage. Among them, PPARγ is expressed in different brain regions and can regulate lipid metabolism, mitochondrial disorders, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. It has anti-inflammatory activity and shows neuroprotection. The regulation of Aβ levels in Alzheimer's disease involves cholesterol metabolism and inflammation, so this article first analyzes the biological functions of PPARγ, then mainly focuses on the relationship between cholesterol and inflammation and Aβ, and elaborates on the regulation of PPARγ on key proteins and the corresponding molecules, which provides new ideas for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yue Ju
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
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3
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Huang Z, Efthymiadou A, Liang N, Fan R, Treuter E. Antagonistic action of GPS2 and KDM1A at enhancers governs alternative macrophage activation by interleukin 4. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1067-1086. [PMID: 36610795 PMCID: PMC9943668 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Th2 cytokine interleukin 4 (IL4) promotes macrophage differentiation into alternative subtypes and plays important roles in physiology, in metabolic and inflammatory diseases, in cancer and in tissue regeneration. While the regulatory transcription factor networks governing IL4 signaling are already well-characterized, it is currently less understood which transcriptional coregulators are involved and how they operate mechanistically. In this study, we discover that G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2), a core subunit of the HDAC3 corepressor complex assembled by SMRT and NCOR, represses IL4-dependent enhancer activation in mouse macrophages. Our genome-wide and gene-specific characterization revealed that, instead of directly repressing STAT6, chromatin-bound GPS2 cooperates with SMRT and NCOR to antagonize enhancer activation by lysine demethylase 1A (KDM1A, LSD1). Mechanistically, corepressor depletion increased KDM1A recruitment to enhancers linked to IL4-induced genes, accompanied by demethylation of the repressive histone marks H3K9me2/3 without affecting H3K4me1/2, the classic KDM1A substrates for demethylation in other cellular contexts. This in turn caused enhancer and gene activation already in the absence of IL4/STAT6 and sensitized the STAT6-dependent IL4 responsiveness of macrophages. Thus, our work identified with the antagonistic action of a GPS2-containing corepressor complex and the lysine demethylase KDM1A a hitherto unknown epigenetic corepressor-coactivator switching mechanism that governs alternative macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Astradeni Efthymiadou
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Rongrong Fan. Tel: +46 8 524 81161;
| | - Eckardt Treuter
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +46 8 524 81060;
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4
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Gosis BS, Wada S, Thorsheim C, Li K, Jung S, Rhoades JH, Yang Y, Brandimarto J, Li L, Uehara K, Jang C, Lanza M, Sanford NB, Bornstein MR, Jeong S, Titchenell PM, Biddinger SB, Arany Z. Inhibition of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by selective inhibition of mTORC1. Science 2022; 376:eabf8271. [PMID: 35420934 PMCID: PMC9811404 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf8271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain without effective therapies. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is a potential therapeutic target, but conflicting interpretations have been proposed for how mTORC1 controls lipid homeostasis. We show that selective inhibition of mTORC1 signaling in mice, through deletion of the RagC/D guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein folliculin (FLCN), promotes activation of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) in the liver without affecting other mTORC1 targets and protects against NAFLD and NASH. Disease protection is mediated by TFE3, which both induces lipid consumption and suppresses anabolic lipogenesis. TFE3 inhibits lipogenesis by suppressing proteolytic processing and activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and by interacting with SREBP-1c on chromatin. Our data reconcile previously conflicting studies and identify selective inhibition of mTORC1 as a potential approach to treat NASH and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget S Gosis
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shogo Wada
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chelsea Thorsheim
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristina Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua H Rhoades
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yifan Yang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Brandimarto
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kahealani Uehara
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Lanza
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan B Sanford
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc R Bornstein
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunhye Jeong
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sudha B Biddinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Feng D, Yu J, Bao L, Fan D, Zhang B. Inhibiting RGS1 attenuates secondary inflammation response and tissue degradation via the TLR/TRIF/NF-κB pathway in macrophage post spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 2022; 768:136374. [PMID: 34852285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-dominated inflammation by the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway leads to neurological disruption after spinal cord injury (SCI). Regulator of G-protein signaling 1 (RGS1) is reported to be a regulator in inflammation. The present study thus purposes to identify the unknown role of RGS1 mediating TLR on inflammation post SCI. A mouse model of traumatic SCI was established by a mechanical trauma at T10. The mice underwent SCI and a macrophage line activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were treated with shRNA-RGS1 to elucidate the role of RGS1 in inflammatory progression. The inflammatory factors were measured, and the degree of histology and function protection were determined. The expression levels of RGS1, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (Myd88), (TIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF), p38, metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 were determined. RGS1 was robustly increased both in LPS-activated macrophage and SCI mice. The TLR signaling pathway-induced inflammation was suppressed by RGS1 knockdown. shRNA-mediated silence of RGS1 was exhibited a prominent decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 via TLR/TRIF/ nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) axis. Depletion of RGS1 also inhibited MMP-induced tissue degradation via MAPK-p38 pathway in SCI mice. Moreover, suppression of RGS1 improved spinal cord histology and function recovery. These findings suggest that RGS1 regulates inflammation and tissue disruption via TLR/TRIF/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with SCI, thereby explaining a novel target that regulates macrophage inflammation post SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqian Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuyang Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang 223600, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jiasheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuyang Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang 223600, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuyang Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang 223600, China
| | - Daobo Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuyang Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang 223600, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuyang Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang 223600, China.
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6
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The corepressors GPS2 and SMRT control enhancer and silencer remodeling via eRNA transcription during inflammatory activation of macrophages. Mol Cell 2021; 81:953-968.e9. [PMID: 33503407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While the role of transcription factors and coactivators in controlling enhancer activity and chromatin structure linked to gene expression is well established, the involvement of corepressors is not. Using inflammatory macrophage activation as a model, we investigate here a corepressor complex containing GPS2 and SMRT both genome-wide and at the Ccl2 locus, encoding the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1). We report that corepressors co-occupy candidate enhancers along with the coactivators CBP (H3K27 acetylase) and MED1 (mediator) but act antagonistically by repressing eRNA transcription-coupled H3K27 acetylation. Genome editing, transcriptional interference, and cistrome analysis reveals that apparently related enhancer and silencer elements control Ccl2 transcription in opposite ways. 4C-seq indicates that corepressor depletion or inflammatory signaling functions mechanistically similarly to trigger enhancer activation. In ob/ob mice, adipose tissue macrophage-selective depletion of the Ccl2 enhancer-transcribed eRNA reduces metaflammation. Thus, the identified corepressor-eRNA-chemokine pathway operates in vivo and suggests therapeutic opportunities by targeting eRNAs in immuno-metabolic diseases.
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7
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Geiger MA, Guillaumon AT, Paneni F, Matter CM, Stein S. Role of the Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1 (NCOR1) in Atherosclerosis and Associated Immunometabolic Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:569358. [PMID: 33117357 PMCID: PMC7578257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is part of chronic immunometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Their common risk factors comprise hypertension, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and dyslipidemias, such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, which are part of the metabolic syndrome. Immunometabolic diseases include chronic pathologies that are affected by both metabolic and inflammatory triggers and mediators. Important and challenging questions in this context are to reveal how metabolic triggers and their downstream signaling affect inflammatory processes and vice-versa. Along these lines, specific nuclear receptors sense changes in lipid metabolism and in turn induce downstream inflammatory and metabolic processes. The transcriptional activity of these nuclear receptors is regulated by the nuclear receptor corepressors (NCORs), including NCOR1. In this review we describe the function of NCOR1 as a central immunometabolic regulator and focus on its role in atherosclerosis and associated immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Geiger
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana T Guillaumon
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Ye Z, Lu Y, Wu T. The impact of ATP-binding cassette transporters on metabolic diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 32774439 PMCID: PMC7398066 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, many people worldwide suffer from metabolic diseases caused by heredity and external factors, such as diet. One of the symptoms of metabolic diseases is abnormal lipid metabolism. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest transport protein superfamilies that exist in nearly all living organisms and are mainly located on lipid-processing cells. ABC transporters have been confirmed to be closely related to the pathogenesis of diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer and Alzheimer's disease based on their transport abilities. Notably, the capability to transport lipids makes ABC transporters critical in metabolic diseases. In addition, gene polymorphism in ABC transporters has been reported to be a risk factor for metabolic diseases, and it has been reported that relevant miRNAs have significant roles in regulating ABC transporters. In this review, we integrate recent studies to examine the roles of ABC transporters in metabolic diseases and aim to build a network with ABC transporters as the core, linking their transport abilities with metabolic and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Ye
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Tao Wu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai, 201203 China
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10
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Cui W, Sun C, Ma Y, Wang S, Wang X, Zhang Y. Neuroprotective effect of tormentic acid against memory impairment and neuro‑inflammation in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:739-750. [PMID: 32468017 PMCID: PMC7339752 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and neuro-inflammatory responses are the distinctive characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tormentic acid (TA) is one of the major active components of Potentilla chinensis and has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential effects of TA on neuro-inflammatory responses and memory impairment in AD remain unknown. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of TA on neuro-inflammation, as well as learning and memory impairment in AD mice. In addition, the effects of TA treatment were also examined in a co-culture system of microglia and primary neurons. Intraperitoneal administration of TA attenuated memory deficits in amyloid β precursor protein/presenilin 1 transgenic mice, with a marked decrease in amyloid plaque deposition. TA also reduced microglial activation and decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in AD mice. Furthermore, pre-treatment with TA suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory markers, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 induced by Aβ exposure in BV2 cells. TA also reduced inhibited neurotoxicity and improved neuron survival in a neuron-microglia co-culture system. Taken together, these findings suggested that TA could attenuate neuro-inflammation and memory impairment, which may be closely associated with regulation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Songtao Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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11
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Kang Z, Fan R. PPARα and NCOR/SMRT corepressor network in liver metabolic regulation. FASEB J 2020; 34:8796-8809. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000055rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfang Kang
- Department of Basic Medical Research Qingyuan People's HospitalThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Qingyuan China
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
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12
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Liang N, Jakobsson T, Fan R, Treuter E. The Nuclear Receptor-Co-repressor Complex in Control of Liver Metabolism and Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:411. [PMID: 31293521 PMCID: PMC6606711 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes are the major cell-type in the liver responsible for the coordination of metabolism in response to multiple signaling inputs. Coordination occurs primarily at the level of gene expression via transcriptional networks composed of transcription factors, in particular nuclear receptors (NRs), and associated co-regulators, including chromatin-modifying complexes. Disturbance of these networks by genetic, environmental or nutritional factors can lead to metabolic dysregulation and has been linked to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) toward steatohepatitis and even liver cancer. Since there are currently no approved therapies, major efforts are dedicated to identify the critical factors that can be employed for drug development. Amongst the identified factors with clinical significance are currently lipid-sensing NRs including PPARs, LXRs, and FXR. However, major obstacles of NR-targeting are the undesired side effects associated with the genome-wide NR activities in multiple cell-types. Thus, of particular interest are co-regulators that determine NR activities, context-selectivity, and associated chromatin states. Current research on the role of co-regulators in hepatocytes is still premature due to the large number of candidates, the limited number of available mouse models, and the technical challenges in studying their chromatin occupancy. As a result, how NR-co-regulator networks in hepatocytes are coordinated by extracellular signals, and how NR-pathway selectivity is achieved, remains currently poorly understood. We will here review a notable exception, namely a fundamental transcriptional co-repressor complex that during the past decade has become the probably most-studied and best-understood physiological relevant co-regulator in hepatocytes. This multiprotein complex contains the core subunits HDAC3, NCOR, SMRT, TBL1, TBLR1, and GPS2 and is referred to as the "NR-co-repressor complex." We will particularly discuss recent advances in characterizing hepatocyte-specific loss-of-function mouse models and in applying genome-wide sequencing approaches including ChIP-seq. Both have been instrumental to uncover the role of each of the subunits under physiological conditions and in disease models, but they also revealed insights into the NR target range and genomic mechanisms of action of the co-repressor complex. We will integrate a discussion of translational aspects about the role of the complex in NAFLD pathways and in particular about the hypothesis that patient-specific alterations of specific subunits may determine NAFLD susceptibility and the therapeutic outcomes of NR-directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jakobsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Eckardt Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Eckardt Treuter
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