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Quintero-Ruiz N, Oliveira WDL, Esteca MV, Granato DC, Simabuco FM. Uncovering the bookshelves of CRISPR-based libraries: Advances and applications in cancer studies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104287. [PMID: 38342473 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized the genome editing field. CRISPR-based libraries have become powerful tools for high-throughput functional genomics and genetic screening. CRISPR-based libraries can represent a powerful approach to uncovering genes related to chemoresistance and therapy efficacy and to studying cancer cells' fitness. In this review, we conducted an extensive literature search and summarized multiple studies that utilized these libraries in both in vitro and in vivo research, emphasizing their key findings. We provide an overview of the design, construction, and applications of CRISPR-based libraries in different cancer-focused studies and discuss the different types of CRISPR-based libraries. We finally point out the challenges associated with library design, including guide RNA selection, off-target effects, and library complexity. This review provides an overview of the work conducted with CRISPR libraries in the search for new targets that could potentially assist in cancer therapy by contributing to functional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Quintero-Ruiz
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Wesley de Lima Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP 13484-350, Brazil; Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Esteca
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Daniela Campos Granato
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP 13484-350, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil.
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2
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Schaff DL, Fasse AJ, White PE, Vander Velde RJ, Shaffer SM. Clonal differences underlie variable responses to sequential and prolonged treatment. Cell Syst 2024; 15:213-226.e9. [PMID: 38401539 PMCID: PMC11003565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit dramatic differences in gene expression at the single-cell level, which can predict whether they become resistant to treatment. Treatment perpetuates this heterogeneity, resulting in a diversity of cell states among resistant clones. However, it remains unclear whether these differences lead to distinct responses when another treatment is applied or the same treatment is continued. In this study, we combined single-cell RNA sequencing with barcoding to track resistant clones through prolonged and sequential treatments. We found that cells within the same clone have similar gene expression states after multiple rounds of treatment. Moreover, we demonstrated that individual clones have distinct and differing fates, including growth, survival, or death, when subjected to a second treatment or when the first treatment is continued. By identifying gene expression states that predict clone survival, this work provides a foundation for selecting optimal therapies that target the most aggressive resistant clones within a tumor. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan L Schaff
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| | - Aria J Fasse
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Phoebe E White
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| | - Robert J Vander Velde
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA; Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| | - Sydney M Shaffer
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA; Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA.
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3
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Weiss K, Abimbola O, Miller K, Kim WY, Rose TL, Bjurlin MA, Gessner KH. Near Complete Response to Platinum-based Systemic Chemotherapy in High-risk Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma With an ERBB2 Gene Mutation: A Case Report. Urology 2024; 184:75-78. [PMID: 38052324 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In bladder urothelial carcinoma, ERBB2 mutations have been associated with favorable response to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, this association has not been reported in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). We describe an excellent response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in metastatic UTUC with an ERBB2 mutation. Our patient is a 54-year-old female with metastatic UTUC who received systemic cisplatin and gemcitabine. Postchemotherapy imaging demonstrated decreased size of pyelocaliceal mass and decreased retroperitoneal adenopathy compared to initial imaging. Surgical pathology from consolidative resection showed 3 mm residual renal tumor and no viable lymph node disease. Genomic testing demonstrated an ERBB2 gain of function mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Weiss
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Obafunbi Abimbola
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kelsey Miller
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tracy L Rose
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Marc A Bjurlin
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kathryn H Gessner
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
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4
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Li Y, Zhou Z, Qu J, Gong P, Wei Y, Sun Y. Role of microRNA-4739 in enhancing cisplatin chemosensitivity by negative regulation of RHBDD2 in human cervical cancer cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:20. [PMID: 38267862 PMCID: PMC10809578 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (DDP) is a widely used chemotherapy drug for advanced cervical cancer (CC), but resistance poses a significant challenge. While miR-4739 has been implicated in tumor development, its specific role in regulating DDP resistance in CC remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed the expression levels of miR-4739 and RHBDD2 in DDP-resistant and DDP-sensitive CC tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and assessed their correlation through Spearman's correlation analysis. DDP-resistant CC cell lines (HeLa/DDP and SiHa/DDP) were established by gradually increasing DDP concentrations, followed by transfection with miR-4739 mimics, si-RHBDD2, or a RHBDD2 overexpression vector. A series of functional assays, including CCK-8 assay, colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assay were performed. The interaction between miR-4739 and RHBDD2 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. We examined the protein levels of RHBDD2, P-gP, MRP1, cleaved caspase-3, and E-cadherin through western blot analysis. Moreover, we generated xenograft tumors by injecting stably transfected HeLa/DDP cells into mice to compare their tumorigenesis capacity. RESULTS We observed downregulation of miR-4739 and upregulation of RHBDD2 in DDP-resistant CC tissues and cell lines. MiR-4739 was shown to directly bind to RHBDD2 gene sequences to repress RHBDD2 expression in HeLa/DDP and SiHa/DDP cells. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that overexpressing miR-4739 overcame DDP resistance in CC cells by targeting RHBDD2. Furthermore, RHBDD2 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-4739 mimics on drug-resistance-related proteins (P-gP and MRP1) and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and E-cadherin in HeLa/DDP cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study revealed that miR-4739 can reverse DDP resistance by modulating RHBDD2 in CC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Li
- Department of Gynecology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.105, Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengtong Zhou
- Institute of Medical Genomics, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinfeng Qu
- Department of Gynecology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.105, Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Peiling Gong
- Yiyuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, 256100, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyan Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.105, Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Yaping Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.105, Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China.
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Schaff DL, Fasse AJ, White PE, Vander Velde RJ, Shaffer SM. Clonal differences underlie variable responses to sequential and prolonged treatment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.24.534152. [PMID: 36993721 PMCID: PMC10055379 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.24.534152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit dramatic differences in gene expression at the single-cell level which can predict whether they become resistant to treatment. Treatment perpetuates this heterogeneity, resulting in a diversity of cell states among resistant clones. However, it remains unclear whether these differences lead to distinct responses when another treatment is applied or the same treatment is continued. In this study, we combined single-cell RNA-sequencing with barcoding to track resistant clones through prolonged and sequential treatments. We found that cells within the same clone have similar gene expression states after multiple rounds of treatment. Moreover, we demonstrated that individual clones have distinct and differing fates, including growth, survival, or death, when subjected to a second treatment or when the first treatment is continued. By identifying gene expression states that predict clone survival, this work provides a foundation for selecting optimal therapies that target the most aggressive resistant clones within a tumor.
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6
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Barr MP. Developing an In Vitro Isogenic Model of Chemotherapy-Resistant Lung Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2645:153-163. [PMID: 37202616 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in therapies available for small subsets of patients affected by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the chemotherapy drug cisplatin is still one of the most commonly used treatments for advanced NSCLC patients in the absence of oncogenic driver mutations or immune checkpoints. Unfortunately, as in the case of many solid tumors, acquired drug resistance is a common phenomenon in NSCLC and presents a significant clinical challenge for oncologists. In order to study and elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in the development of drug resistance in cancer, the use of isogenic models provides a valuable in vitro tool for investigating novel biomarkers and the identification of potential targetable pathways involved in drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Fang Z, Chen D, Xu J, Wang J, Li S, Tian X, Tian Y, Zhang Q. Three-Photon AIE Pt(II) Complexes as Cysteine-Targeting Theranostic Agents for Tumor Imaging and Chemotherapy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14769-14777. [PMID: 36219068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have synthesized a series of three-photon fluorescent Pt(II) complexes targeting a tumor-associated biothiol, cysteine (Cys), which allows it to be detected without any interference from other intracellular proteins. We focused on how to significantly improve the fluorescence response of Cys via regulating the recognition units in probes. The reaction of K2PtCl4 with L-CH3 or L-COOEt in DMSO solution gave Lyso-Pt-CH3 and Lyso-Pt-COOEt, respectively, which present four-coordinated square-planar geometries in mononuclear structures. Lyso-Pt-CH3 consists of a Cys aptamer labeled with typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, which shows strong three-photon absorption cross section (3PA) only in the presence of Cys. It was found that Lyso-Pt-CH3 displayed a perfect signal-to-noise ratio for imaging lysosomes and for rapid detection of Cys. Using Lyso-Pt-CH3, Cys-related cellular mechanisms were proposed. We confirm that cystine (Cyss) could be absorbed in cells through cystine/glutamate antiporters (system xc-) and is then converted to Cys under the effect of enzymes. All of these suggest that Lyso-Pt-CH3 might be a potential candidate as a simple and straightforward biomarker of lysosome-related Cys in vitro. Lyso-Pt-CH3 can effectively identify tumor tissues with excessive levels of Cys. Lyso-Pt-CH3 also showed excellent antitumor activity than cisplatin. This work provides a novel strategy for the rational design of controllably activated and Cys-targeted Pt(II) anticancer prodrugs for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Hefei 230039, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Hefei 230039, P. R. China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Hefei 230039, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Department of Radiology; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Hefei 230039, P. R. China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Hefei, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Hefei 230039, P. R. China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Hefei, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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8
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Loren P, Saavedra N, Saavedra K, De Godoy Torso N, Visacri MB, Moriel P, Salazar LA. Contribution of MicroRNAs in Chemoresistance to Cisplatin in the Top Five Deadliest Cancer: An Updated Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:831099. [PMID: 35444536 PMCID: PMC9015654 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.831099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) is a well-known anticancer drug used for the treatment of numerous human cancers in solid organs, including bladder, breast, cervical, head and neck squamous cell, ovarian, among others. Its most important mode of action is the DNA-platinum adducts formation, inducing DNA damage response, silencing or activating several genes to induce apoptosis; these mechanisms result in genetics and epigenetics modifications. The ability of DDP to induce tumor cell death is often challenged by the presence of anti-apoptotic regulators, leading to chemoresistance, wherein many patients who have or will develop DDP-resistance. Cancer cells resist the apoptotic effect of chemotherapy, being a problem that severely restricts the successful results of treatment for many human cancers. In the last 30 years, researchers have discovered there are several types of RNAs, and among the most important are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a class of RNAs that are not involved in protein production, but they are implicated in gene expression regulation, and representing the 98% of the human genome non-translated. Some ncRNAs of great interest are long ncRNAs, circular RNAs, and microRNAs (miRs). Accumulating studies reveal that aberrant miRs expression can affect the development of chemotherapy drug resistance, by modulating the expression of relevant target proteins. Thus, identifying molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance development is fundamental for setting strategies to improve the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Therefore, this review aimed to identify and summarize miRs that modulate chemoresistance in DDP-resistant in the top five deadliest cancer, both in vitro and in vivo human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía Loren
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | | | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Sun M, Wang C, Lv M, Fan Z, Du J. Intracellular Self-Assembly of Peptides to Induce Apoptosis against Drug-Resistant Melanoma. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7337-7345. [PMID: 35357824 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis has been a diverse toolbox to develop bioactive molecules and materials, especially for fabricating modified peptides and their assemblies induced by enzymes. Although desired chemical structures and nanoarchitectures have been achieved, the subsequent interferences of peptide assemblies with organelles and the cellular pathways still remain unsolved important challenges. Herein, we developed a new tripeptide, phenylalanine-phenylalanine-tyrosine (Phe-Phe-Tyr, or FFY), which can be intracellularly oxidized and in situ self-assemble into nanoparticles with excellent interference capability with microtubules and ultimately reverse the drug resistance of melanoma. With the catalysis of tyrosinase, FFY was first oxidized to a melanin-like FFY dimer (mFFY) with a diquinone structure for further self-assembling into mFFY assemblies, which could inhibit the self-polymerization of tubulin to induce severe G2/M arrest (13.9% higher than control). Afterward, mitochondrial dysfunction was also induced for overproduction of cleaved caspase 3 (3.1 times higher than control) and cleaved PARP (6.3 times higher), achieving a high level of resistant reversing without chemotherapeutic drugs. In vivo studies showed that the resistant melanoma tumor volumes were reduced by 87.4% compared to control groups after FFY treatment by peritumoral injections. Overall, this tyrosinase-induced tripeptide assembly has been demonstrated with effective intrinsic apoptosis against drug-resistant melanoma, providing a new insight into utilizing biomolecules to interfere with organelles to activate certain apoptosis pathways for treatment of drug-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Congyu Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Mingchen Lv
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
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10
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Howley BV, Mohanty B, Dalton A, Grelet S, Karam J, Dincman T, Howe PH. The ubiquitin E3 ligase ARIH1 regulates hnRNP E1 protein stability, EMT and breast cancer progression. Oncogene 2022; 41:1679-1690. [PMID: 35102251 PMCID: PMC8933277 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is aberrantly activated in cancer and facilitates metastasis to distant organs, requires coordinated transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The tumor-suppressive RNA binding protein, hnRNP-E1, regulates splicing and translation of EMT-associated transcripts and it is thought that it plays a major role in the control of epithelial cell plasticity during cancer progression. We have utilized yeast 2 hybrid screening to identify novel hnRNP-E1 interactors that play a role in regulating hnRNP-E1; this approach led to the identification of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ARIH1. Here, we demonstrate that hnRNP-E1 protein stability is increased upon ARIH1 silencing, whereas, overexpression of ARIH1 leads to a reduction in hnRNP-E1. Reduced ubiquitination of hnRNP-E1 detected in ARIH1 knockdown (KD) cells compared to control suggests a role for ARIH1 in hnRNP-E1 degradation. The identification of hnRNP-E1 as a candidate substrate of ARIH1 led to the characterization of a novel function for this ubiquitin ligase in EMT induction and cancer progression. We demonstrate a delayed induction of EMT and reduced invasion in mammary epithelial cells silenced for ARIH1. Conversely, ARIH1 overexpression promoted EMT induction and invasion. ARIH1 silencing in breast cancer cells significantly attenuated cancer cell stemness in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Finally, we utilized miniTurboID proximity labeling to identify novel ARIH1 interactors that may contribute to ARIH1's function in EMT induction and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breege V. Howley
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Bidyut Mohanty
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Annamarie Dalton
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Simon Grelet
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA ,grid.267153.40000 0000 9552 1255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Joseph Karam
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Toros Dincman
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Philip H. Howe
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA ,grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
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11
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Cetin R, Quandt E, Kaulich M. Functional Genomics Approaches to Elucidate Vulnerabilities of Intrinsic and Acquired Chemotherapy Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020260. [PMID: 33525637 PMCID: PMC7912423 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a commonly unavoidable consequence of cancer treatment that results in therapy failure and disease relapse. Intrinsic (pre-existing) or acquired resistance mechanisms can be drug-specific or be applicable to multiple drugs, resulting in multidrug resistance. The presence of drug resistance is, however, tightly coupled to changes in cellular homeostasis, which can lead to resistance-coupled vulnerabilities. Unbiased gene perturbations through RNAi and CRISPR technologies are invaluable tools to establish genotype-to-phenotype relationships at the genome scale. Moreover, their application to cancer cell lines can uncover new vulnerabilities that are associated with resistance mechanisms. Here, we discuss targeted and unbiased RNAi and CRISPR efforts in the discovery of drug resistance mechanisms by focusing on first-in-line chemotherapy and their enforced vulnerabilities, and we present a view forward on which measures should be taken to accelerate their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronay Cetin
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt-Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Eva Quandt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt-Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-69-6301-5450
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12
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Wang H, Lu Y, Wang M, Wu Y, Wang X, Li Y. Roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in gastric cancer carcinogenesis and their effects on cisplatin resistance. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:193-212. [PMID: 33392633 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers with high incidence and mortality rates, its pathogenesis is still not elucidated. GC carcinogenesis is complicated and involved in the activation of oncoproteins and inactivation of tumor suppressors. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is crucial for protein degradation and regulation of physiological and pathological processes. E3 ubiquitin ligases are pivotal enzymes in UPS, containing various subfamily proteins. Previous studies report that some E3 ligases, including SKP2, CUL1, and MDM2, act as oncoproteins in GC carcinogenesis. On the other hand, FBXW7, FBXL5, FBXO31, RNF43, and RNF180 exert as tumor suppressors in GC carcinogenesis. Moreover, E3 ligases modulate cell growth, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle; thus, it is complicated to confer cisplatin resistance/sensitivity in GC cells. The intrinsic and acquired cisplatin resistance limits its clinical application against GC. In this review, we explore oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of E3 ligases in GC carcinogenesis and focus on the effects of E3 ligases on cisplatin resistance in GC cells, which will provide novel therapeutic targets for GC therapy, especially for cisplatin-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yida Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Youliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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13
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Anthony EJ, Bolitho EM, Bridgewater HE, Carter OWL, Donnelly JM, Imberti C, Lant EC, Lermyte F, Needham RJ, Palau M, Sadler PJ, Shi H, Wang FX, Zhang WY, Zhang Z. Metallodrugs are unique: opportunities and challenges of discovery and development. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12888-12917. [PMID: 34123239 PMCID: PMC8163330 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals play vital roles in nutrients and medicines and provide chemical functionalities that are not accessible to purely organic compounds. At least 10 metals are essential for human life and about 46 other non-essential metals (including radionuclides) are also used in drug therapies and diagnostic agents. These include platinum drugs (in 50% of cancer chemotherapies), lithium (bipolar disorders), silver (antimicrobials), and bismuth (broad-spectrum antibiotics). While the quest for novel and better drugs is now as urgent as ever, drug discovery and development pipelines established for organic drugs and based on target identification and high-throughput screening of compound libraries are less effective when applied to metallodrugs. Metallodrugs are often prodrugs which undergo activation by ligand substitution or redox reactions, and are multi-targeting, all of which need to be considered when establishing structure-activity relationships. We focus on early-stage in vitro drug discovery, highlighting the challenges of evaluating anticancer, antimicrobial and antiviral metallo-pharmacophores in cultured cells, and identifying their targets. We highlight advances in the application of metal-specific techniques that can assist the preclinical development, including synchrotron X-ray spectro(micro)scopy, luminescence, and mass spectrometry-based methods, combined with proteomic and genomic (metallomic) approaches. A deeper understanding of the behavior of metals and metallodrugs in biological systems is not only key to the design of novel agents with unique mechanisms of action, but also to new understanding of clinically-established drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Elizabeth M Bolitho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Hannah E Bridgewater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Oliver W L Carter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jane M Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Edward C Lant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Russell J Needham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Marta Palau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Huayun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Wen-Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Zijin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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14
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Wen X, Liu S, Sheng J, Cui M. Recent advances in the contribution of noncoding RNAs to cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9234. [PMID: 32523813 PMCID: PMC7263300 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) remains a major disease burden on the female population worldwide. Chemotherapy with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II); CDDP) and related drugs are the main treatment option for CC; however, their efficacy is limited by the development of drug resistance. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been found to play critical roles in numerous physiological and pathological cellular processes, including drug resistance of cancer cells. In this review, we describe some of the ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, that are involved in the sensitivity/resistance of CC to CDDP-based chemotherapy and discuss their mechanisms of action. We also describe some ncRNAs that could be therapeutic targets to improve the sensitivity of CC to CDDP-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shui Liu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Manhua Cui
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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15
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Liu Q, Gao J, Zhao C, Guo Y, Wang S, Shen F, Xing X, Luo Y. To control or to be controlled? Dual roles of CDK2 in DNA damage and DNA damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 85:102702. [PMID: 31731257 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2), a member of the CDK family, has been shown to play a role in many cellular activities including cell cycle progression, apoptosis and senescence. Recently, accumulating evidence indicates that CDK2 is involved in DNA damage and DNA repair response (DDR). When DNA is damaged by internal or external genotoxic stresses, CDK2 activity is required for proper DNA repair in vivo and in vitro, whereas inactivation of CDK2 by siRNA techniques or by inhibitors could result in DNA damage and stimulate DDR. Hence, CDK2 seems to play dual roles in DNA damage and DDR. On one aspect, it is activated and stimulates DDR to repair DNA damage when DNA damage occurs; on the other hand, its inactivation directly leads to DNA damage and evokes DDR. Here, we describe the roles of CDK2 in DNA damage and DDR, and discuss the potential application of CDK2 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jinlan Gao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yingying Guo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Fei Shen
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xuesha Xing
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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