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Pan S, Yuan T, Xia Y, Yu W, Zhou X, Cheng F. Role of Histone Modifications in Kidney Fibrosis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:888. [PMID: 38929505 PMCID: PMC11205584 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent kidney dysfunction, ultimately resulting in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal fibrosis is a crucial pathological feature of CKD and ESRD. However, there is no effective treatment for this condition. Despite the complex molecular mechanisms involved in renal fibrosis, increasing evidence highlights the crucial role of histone modification in its regulation. The reversibility of histone modifications offers promising avenues for therapeutic strategies to block or reverse renal fibrosis. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory implications of histone modifications in fibrosis may provide novel insights into more effective and safer therapeutic approaches. This review highlights the regulatory mechanisms and recent advances in histone modifications in renal fibrosis, particularly histone methylation and histone acetylation. The aim is to explore the potential of histone modifications as targets for treating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (S.P.); (T.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.Y.)
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (S.P.); (T.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.Y.)
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Tong C, Chang X, Qu F, Bian J, Wang J, Li Z, Xu X. Overview of the development of protein arginine methyltransferase modulators: Achievements and future directions. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116212. [PMID: 38359536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Protein methylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that organisms undergo. This process is considered a part of epigenetics research. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in protein methylation, particularly histone methylation, as research has advanced. Methylation of histones is a dynamic process that is subject to fine control by histone methyltransferases and demethylases. In addition, many non-histone proteins also undergo methylation, and these modifications collectively regulate physiological phenomena, including RNA transcription, translation, signal transduction, DNA damage response, and cell cycle. Protein arginine methylation is a crucial aspect of protein methylation, which plays a significant role in regulating the cell cycle and repairing DNA. It is also linked to various diseases. Therefore, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) that are involved in this process have gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for treating diseases. Several PRMT inhibitors are in phase I/II clinical trials. This paper aims to introduce the structure, biochemical functions, and bioactivity assays of PRMTs. Additionally, we will review the structure-function of currently popular PRMT inhibitors. Through the analysis of various data on known PRMT inhibitors, we hope to provide valuable assistance for future drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China
| | - Xiujin Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China
| | - Fangui Qu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China
| | - Jubo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China.
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China.
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjin, 211198, China.
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Wang Y, Wu M, Chen D, Tan B, Lin P, Huang D, Ye C. SDMA attenuates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis through inhibition of STAT4. J Transl Med 2023; 21:326. [PMID: 37194066 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the hallmark of various chronic kidney diseases. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is an independent cardiovascular risk factor in patients with chronic kidney diseases, which is mostly excreted through renal tubules. However, the effect of SDMA on kidneys in a pathological condition is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of SDMA in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and explored its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (UIRI) models were established to study renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. SDMA was injected into kidneys through ureter retrogradely. TGF-β stimulated human renal epithelial (HK2) cells were used as an in vitro model and treated with SDMA. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-4 (STAT4) was inhibited by berbamine dihydrochloride or siRNA or overexpressed by plasmids in vitro. Masson staining and Western blotting were performed to evaluate renal fibrosis. Quantitative PCR was performed to validate findings derived from RNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS We observed that SDMA (from 0.01 to 10 µM) dose-dependently inhibited the expression of pro-fibrotic markers in TGF-β stimulated HK2 cells. Intrarenal administration of SDMA (2.5 µmol/kg or 25 µmol/kg) dose-dependently attenuated renal fibrosis in UUO kidneys. A significant increase in SDMA concentration (from 19.5 to 117.7 nmol/g, p < 0.001) in mouse kidneys was observed after renal injection which was assessed by LC-MS/MS. We further showed that intrarenal administration of SDMA attenuated renal fibrosis in UIRI induced mouse fibrotic kidneys. Through RNA sequencing analysis, we found that the expression of STAT4 was reduced by SDMA in UUO kidneys, which was further confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis in mouse fibrotic kidneys and renal cells. Inhibition of STAT4 by berbamine dihydrochloride (0.3 mg/ml or 3.3 mg/ml) or siRNA reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic markers in TGF-β stimulated HK2 cells. Furthermore, blockage of STAT4 attenuated the anti-fibrotic effect of SDMA in TGF-β stimulated HK2 cells. Conversely, overexpression of STAT4 reversed the anti-fibrotic effect of SDMA in TGF-β stimulated HK2 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study indicates that renal SDMA ameliorates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis through inhibition of STAT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinglan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Su S, Ma Z, Wu H, Xu Z, Yi H. Oxidative stress as a culprit in diabetic kidney disease. Life Sci 2023; 322:121661. [PMID: 37028547 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the prevalence of DKD has increased worldwide during recent years. DKD is associated with poor therapeutic outcomes in most patients, but there is limited understanding of its pathogenesis. This review suggests that oxidative stress interacts with many other factors in causing DKD. Highly active mitochondria and NAD(P)H oxidase are major sources of oxidants, and they significantly affect the risk for DKD. Oxidative stress and inflammation may be considered reciprocal causes of DKD, in that each is a cause and an effect of DKD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as second messengers in various signaling pathways and as regulators of metabolism, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of immune cells. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs can modulate oxidative stress. The development of new technologies and identification of new epigenetic mechanisms may provide novel opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of DKD. Clinical trials demonstrated that novel therapies which reduce oxidative stress can slow the progression of DKD. These therapies include the NRF2 activator bardoxolone methyl, new blood glucose-lowering drugs such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Future studies should focus on improving early diagnosis and the development of more effective combination treatments for this multifactorial disease.
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Yu J, Yu C, Bayliss G, Zhuang S. Protein arginine methyltransferases in renal development, injury, repair, and fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1123415. [PMID: 36817133 PMCID: PMC9935595 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1123415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) methylate a range of histone and non-histone substrates and participate in multiple biological processes by regulating gene transcription and post-translational modifications. To date, most studies on PRMTs have focused on their roles in tumors and in the physiological and pathological conditions of other organs. Emerging evidence indicates that PRMTs are expressed in the kidney and contribute to renal development, injury, repair, and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the role and the mechanisms of PRMTs in regulating these renal processes and provide a perspective for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Georgia Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Ke C, Gao J, Tu J, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhou Z. Ganfule capsule alleviates bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting glutamine metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930785. [PMID: 36278176 PMCID: PMC9585157 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis is a pathological outcome of a variety of liver diseases, and it can also progress into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Specific liver antifibrotic drugs have not been clinically approved yet. Studies have demonstrated the protective effects of Ganfule capsule (GFL) on the liver and its therapeutic potential in hepatic cancer. However, the mechanism of GFL is not clear in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Objective: This article aims to study the protective effect of GFL on liver fibrosis and its possible mechanism. Methods: The cholestatic liver fibrosis model was prepared by subjecting C57BL/6 mice to bile duct ligation (BDL). The GFL groups were treated with different concentrations of GFL for 14 days. Pathological analysis, serum biochemical index detection, metabonomic analysis, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR were carried out. Results: GFL could alleviate liver injury and liver fibrosis caused by BDL in mice. Metabonomic analysis of mice serum showed postoperative metabolic disorder, which could be alleviated by GFL through glutamine metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and other metabolic pathways. GFL affected glutamine metabolism by inhibiting the activity of glutaminase 1 (GLS1). The activation of GLS1 is regulated by the NF-κB pathway, and experiments showed that GFL could inhibit IκB-α and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Conclusion: This study confirms the protective effect of GFL on liver injury and shows that GFL inhibits glutamine metabolism, which was correlated with the NF-κB pathway, and eventually alleviates liver fibrosis. These results are conducive to the development of new therapeutic drugs for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ke
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianlong Gao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yangxin Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Yanju Liu, ; Zhongshi Zhou,
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Yanju Liu, ; Zhongshi Zhou,
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Wang Y, Wu M, Yang F, Lin J, Zhang L, Yuan M, Chen D, Tan B, Huang D, Ye C. Protein arginine methyltransferase 3 inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis through asymmetric dimethylarginine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:995917. [PMID: 36177327 PMCID: PMC9513028 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.995917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) catalyzes the monomethylation and dimethylation of the arginine residues of proteins. The role of PRMT3 in renal fibrosis is currently unknown. We aimed to study the role of PRMT3 in renal fibrosis and explored its underlying mechanisms. Quantitative PCR analysis and Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of PRMT3 was up-regulated in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse kidneys. Knockout of Prmt3 gene enhanced interstitial fibrosis in UUO kidneys as shown by Masson staining and Western blotting analysis the expression of pro-fibrotic markers. The production of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) was increased in wide type UUO kidneys but not further increased in Prmt3 knockout UUO kidneys. Administration of exogeneous ADMA in UUO kidneys blocked the enhanced renal interstitial fibrosis in Prmt3 mutant mice. Moreover, genetic deletion of Prmt3 gene increased blood urea nitrogen levels and renal deposition of collagen in folic acid injected mice. We conclude that PRMT3 inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis through elevating renal ADMA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chaoyang Ye,
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ming Wu,
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Yan FZ, Qian H, Liu F, Ding CH, Liu SQ, Xiao MC, Chen SJ, Zhang X, Luo C, Xie WF. Inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 alleviates liver fibrosis by attenuating the activation of hepatic stellate cells in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22489. [PMID: 35959865 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200238r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) has been reported to be involved in various diseases. The expression of PRMT1 was increased in cirrhotic livers from human patients. However, the role of PRMT1 in hepatic fibrogenesis remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effect of PRMT1 on hepatic fibrogenesis and its underlying mechanism. We found that PRMT1 expression was significantly higher in fibrotic livers of the mice treated with thioacetamide (TAA) or 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that PRMT1 expression was augmented in both hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the fibrotic livers. Applying a selective inhibitor of PRMT1, PT1001B, significantly suppressed PRMT1 activity and mitigated liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatocyte-specific Prmt1 knockout did not affect liver fibrosis in mice. PRMT1 overexpression promoted the expression of fibrotic genes in the LX-2 cells, whereas knockdown of PRMT1 or treatment with PT1001B exhibited reversal effects, suggesting that PRMT1 plays an important role in HSC activation. Additionally, HSC-specific Prmt1 knockout attenuated HSC activation and liver fibrosis in TAA-induced fibrotic model. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Prmt1 knockout in HSCs significantly suppressed pro-inflammatory NF-κB and pro-fibrotic TGF-β signals, and also downregulated the expression of pro-fibrotic mediators in mouse livers. Moreover, treatment with PT1001B consistently inhibited hepatic inflammatory response in fibrotic model. In conclusion, PRMT1 plays a vital role in HSC activation. Inhibition of PRMT1 mitigates hepatic fibrosis by attenuating HSC activation in mice. Therefore, targeting PRMT1 could be a feasible therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhi Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Hong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Qing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Chao Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University of School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zhou X, Chen H, Li J, Shi Y, Zhuang S, Liu N. The Role and Mechanism of Lysine Methyltransferase and Arginine Methyltransferase in Kidney Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:885527. [PMID: 35559246 PMCID: PMC9086358 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.885527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation can occur in both histones and non-histones. Key lysine and arginine methyltransferases under investigation for renal disease treatment include enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), G9a, disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like protein (DOT1L), and protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) 1 and 5. Recent studies have shown that methyltransferases expression and activity are also increased in several animal models of kidney injury, such as acute kidney injury(AKI), obstructive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis. The inhibition of most methyltransferases can attenuate kidney injury, while the role of methyltransferase in different animal models remains controversial. In this article, we summarize the role and mechanism of lysine methyltransferase and arginine methyltransferase in various kidney diseases and highlight methyltransferase as a potential therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wu M, Yang F, Huang D, Ye C. Tanshinone I attenuates fibrosis in fibrotic kidneys through down-regulation of inhibin beta-A. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:110. [PMID: 35439976 PMCID: PMC9020026 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tanshinone I (Tan-I), an ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, displays protective effects in several disease models. We aim to study the effect of Tan-I on renal fibrosis and explore its underlining mechanism. METHODS Rat renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) were used as an in vitro model to study the effect of Tan-I. Mouse renal fibrosis model was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or peritoneally injection of aristolochic acid I (AAI). RESULTS We found that Tan-I dose-dependently inhibited the expression of pro-fibrotic markers in rat renal fibroblasts. Masson staining and Western blotting analysis showed that Tan-I treatment attenuated renal fibrosis in UUO or AAI induced fibrotic kidneys. RNA sequencing analysis identified inhibin beta-A (INHBA), a ligand of TGF-β superfamily, as a downstream target of Tan-I in fibrotic kidneys, which were further verified by qPCR. Western blotting analysis showed that INHBA is up-regulated in UUO or AAI induced fibrotic kidneys and Tan-I reduced the expression of INHBA in fibrotic kidneys. Inhibition of INHBA by Tan-I was further confirmed in rat fibroblasts. Moreover, knockdown of INHBA reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic markers and abolished the ani-fibrotic effect of Tan-I in rat renal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Tan-I attenuates fibrosis in fibrotic kidneys through inhibition of INHBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- grid.412585.f0000 0004 0604 8558Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203 PR China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- grid.412585.f0000 0004 0604 8558Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203 PR China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Huang
- grid.412585.f0000 0004 0604 8558Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203 PR China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- grid.412585.f0000 0004 0604 8558Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203 PR China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Protein arginine methylation: from enigmatic functions to therapeutic targeting. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:509-530. [PMID: 33742187 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets. PRMTs regulate transcription, splicing, RNA biology, the DNA damage response and cell metabolism; these fundamental processes are altered in many diseases. Mechanistically understanding how these enzymes fuel and sustain cancer cells, especially in specific metabolic contexts or in the presence of certain mutations, has provided the rationale for targeting them in oncology. Ongoing inhibitor development, facilitated by structural biology, has generated tool compounds for the majority of PRMTs and enabled clinical programmes for the most advanced oncology targets, PRMT1 and PRMT5. In-depth mechanistic investigations using genetic and chemical tools continue to delineate the roles of PRMTs in regulating immune cells and cancer cells, and cardiovascular and neuronal function, and determine which pathways involving PRMTs could be synergistically targeted in combination therapies for cancer. This research is enhancing our knowledge of the complex functions of arginine methylation, will guide future clinical development and could identify new clinical indications.
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat alleviates liver fibrosis by regulating hepatic stellate cell activation. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:305. [PMID: 33649839 PMCID: PMC7974418 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis, a common pathological manifestation of chronic liver injury, is generally considered to be the end result of an increase in extracellular matrix produced by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The aim of the present study was to target the mechanisms underlying HSC activation in order to provide a powerful therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. In the present study, a high-throughput screening assay was established, and the histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat was identified as a potent inhibitor of HSC activation in vitro. Givinostat significantly inhibited HSC activation in vivo, ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver fibrosis and lowered plasma aminotransferases. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the most significantly regulated genes in the givinostat treatment group in comparison with those in the solvent group, among which, dermokine (Dmkn), mesothelin (Msln) and uroplakin-3b (Upk3b) were identified as potential regulators of HSC activation. Givinostat significantly reduced the mRNA expression of Dmkn, Msln and Upk3b in both a mouse liver fibrosis model and in HSC-LX2 cells. Knockdown of any of the aforementioned genes inhibited the TGF-β1-induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type I, indicating that they are crucial for HSC activation. In summary, using a novel strategy targeting HSC activation, the present study identified a potential epigenetic drug for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis and revealed novel regulators of HSC activation.
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Uremic Toxins in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020142. [PMID: 33668632 PMCID: PMC7917723 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function. The gradual decline in kidney function leads to an accumulation of toxins normally cleared by the kidneys, resulting in uremia. Uremic toxins are classified into three categories: free water-soluble low-molecular-weight solutes, protein-bound solutes, and middle molecules. CKD patients have increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), due to an assortment of CKD-specific risk factors. The accumulation of uremic toxins in the circulation and in tissues is associated with the progression of CKD and its co-morbidities, including CVD. Although numerous uremic toxins have been identified to date and many of them are believed to play a role in the progression of CKD and CVD, very few toxins have been extensively studied. The pathophysiological mechanisms of uremic toxins must be investigated further for a better understanding of their roles in disease progression and to develop therapeutic interventions against uremic toxicity. This review discusses the renal and cardiovascular toxicity of uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, hippuric acid, TMAO, ADMA, TNF-α, and IL-6. A focus is also placed on potential therapeutic targets against uremic toxicity.
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Jayachandran I, Sundararajan S, Venkatesan S, Paadukaana S, Balasubramanyam M, Mohan V, Manickam N. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) accelerates renal cell fibrosis under high glucose condition through NOX4/ROS/ERK signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16005. [PMID: 32994511 PMCID: PMC7525240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the circulatory level of Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, was increased in diabetic kidney disease patients. However, the mechanism and the role of ADMA in diabetic kidney injury remain unclear. Hence, our principal aim is to investigate the causal role of ADMA in the progression of renal cell fibrosis under high glucose (HG) treatment and to delineate its signaling alterations in kidney cell injury. High Glucose/ADMA significantly increased fibrotic events including cell migration, invasion and proliferation along with fibrotic markers in the renal cells; whereas ADMA inhibition reversed the renal cell fibrosis. To delineate the central role of ADMA induced fibrotic signaling pathway and its downstream signaling, we analysed the expression levels of fibrotic markers, NOX4, ROS and ERK activity by using specific inhibitors and genetic manipulation techniques. ADMA stimulated the ROS generation along with a significant increase in NOX4 and ERK activity. Further, we observed that ADMA activated NOX-4 and ERK are involved in the extracellular matrix proteins accumulation. Also, we observed that ADMA induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was decreased after NOX4 silencing. Our study mechanistically demonstrates that ADMA is involved in the progression of kidney cell injury under high glucose condition by targeting coordinated complex mechanisms involving the NOX4- ROS-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaivani Jayachandran
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanakumar Sundararajan
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanakumar Venkatesan
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Sairaj Paadukaana
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Nagaraj Manickam
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control & ICMR Center for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India.
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15
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Wu M, Yuan M, Wang Y, Tan B, Huang D, Wang C, Zou Y, Ye C. Renal asymmetric dimethylarginine inhibits fibrosis. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2003-2009. [PMID: 32794631 PMCID: PMC7530377 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem that is caused by repeated injuries to the glomerulus or renal tubules. Renal fibrosis commonly accompanies CKD, and it is histologically characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin and collagen I, in interstitial areas. Indirect in vivo experimental data suggest that renal asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) exerts antifibrotic activity in CKD. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that renal ADMA has a direct effect on fibrosis in vivo. Normal saline, ADMA, nonsense control siRNA, Ddah1 siRNA or Ddah2 siRNA was administered into the kidney through the left ureter in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). UUO kidneys were harvested at day 1 or 7. Western blotting was performed to assess the expression of ADMA, DDAH1 and DDAH2 and the expression of fibrotic markers, such as fibronectin, collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin, phosphorylation of Smad3 and connective tissue growth factor. Masson's trichrome staining was used to further evaluate renal fibrosis. We observed that intrarenal administration of ADMA increased the renal accumulation of ADMA and attenuated renal fibrosis at days 1 and 7. Knockdown of Ddah1 or Ddah2 increased the amount of ADMA in UUO kidneys and inhibited the expression of fibrotic proteins at days 1 and 7, which was further confirmed by Masson's staining. Thus, our in vivo data suggest that renal ADMA exerts direct antifibrotic effects in a mouse model of UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Meijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Institute of Kidney Disease of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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16
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The role of protein arginine methyltransferases in kidney diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2037-2051. [PMID: 32766778 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is a crucial post-translational modification for many biological processes, including DNA repair, RNA processing, and transduction of intra- and extracellular signaling. Previous studies have reported that PRMTs are extensively involved in various pathologic states, including cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress reaction. However, the role of PRMTs has not been well described in kidney diseases. Recent studies have shown that aberrant function of PRMTs and its metabolic products-symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-are involved in several renal pathological processes, including renal fibrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN), hypertension, graft rejection and renal tumors. We aim in this review to elucidate the possible roles of PRMTs in normal renal function and various kidney diseases.
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17
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Jarrold J, Davies CC. PRMTs and Arginine Methylation: Cancer's Best-Kept Secret? Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:993-1009. [PMID: 31230909 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is vital for increasing proteome diversity and maintaining cellular homeostasis. If the writing, reading, and removal of modifications are not controlled, cancer can develop. Arginine methylation is an understudied modification that is increasingly associated with cancer progression. Consequently protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), the writers of arginine methylation, have rapidly gained interest as novel drug targets. However, for clinical success a deep mechanistic understanding of the biology of PRMTs is required. In this review we focus on advances made regarding the role of PRMTs in stem cell biology, epigenetics, splicing, immune surveillance and the DNA damage response, and highlight the rapid rise of specific inhibitors that are now in clinical trials for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jarrold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare C Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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18
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Fulton MD, Brown T, Zheng YG. The Biological Axis of Protein Arginine Methylation and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133322. [PMID: 31284549 PMCID: PMC6651691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) in eukaryotic cells play important roles in the regulation of functionalities of the proteome and in the tempo-spatial control of cellular processes. Most PTMs enact their regulatory functions by affecting the biochemical properties of substrate proteins such as altering structural conformation, protein-protein interaction, and protein-nucleic acid interaction. Amid various PTMs, arginine methylation is widespread in all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to humans. Arginine methylation in many situations can drastically or subtly affect the interactions of substrate proteins with their partnering proteins or nucleic acids, thus impacting major cellular programs. Recently, arginine methylation has become an important regulator of the formation of membrane-less organelles inside cells, a phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), through altering π-cation interactions. Another unique feature of arginine methylation lies in its impact on cellular physiology through its downstream amino acid product, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Accumulation of ADMA in cells and in the circulating bloodstream is connected with endothelial dysfunction and a variety of syndromes of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we review the current knowledge and understanding of protein arginine methylation in regards to its canonical function in direct protein regulation, as well as the biological axis of protein arginine methylation and ADMA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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