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Kalka M, Bielak K, Ptak M, Stolarski J, Dobryszycki P, Wojtas M. Calcium carbonate polymorph selection in fish otoliths: A key role of phosphorylation of Starmaker-like protein. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:437-446. [PMID: 38061675 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Fish otoliths are calcium carbonate biominerals found in the inner ear commonly used for tracking fish biochronologies and as a model system for biomineralization. The process of fish otolith formation is biologically controlled by numerous biomacromolecules which not only affect crystal size, shape, mechanical properties, but also selection of calcium carbonate polymorph (e.g., aragonite, vaterite). The proteinaceous control over calcium carbonate polymorph selection occurs in many other species (e.g., corals, mollusks, echinoderms) but the exact mechanism of protein interactions with calcium and carbonate ions - constituents of CaCO3 - are not fully elucidated. Herein, we focus on a native Starmaker-like protein isolated from vaterite asteriscus otoliths from Cyprinus carpio. The proteomic studies show the presence of the phosphorylated protein in vaterite otoliths. In a series of in vitro mineralization experiments with Starmaker-like, we show that native phosphorylation is a crucial determinant for the selection of a crystal's polymorphic form. This is the first report showing that the switch in calcium carbonate phase depends on the phosphorylation pattern of a single isolated protein. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Calcium carbonate has numerous applications in industry and medicine. However, we still do not understand the mechanism of biologically driven polymorph selection which results in specific biomineral properties. Previous work on calcium carbonate biominerals showed that either several macromolecular factors or high magnesium concentration (non-physiological) are required for proper polymorph selection (e.g., in mollusk shells, corals and otoliths). In this work, we showed for the first time that protein phosphorylation is a crucial factor for controlling the calcium carbonate crystal phase. This is important because a single protein from the otolith organic matrix could switch between polymorphs depending on the phosphorylation level. It seems that protein post-translational modifications (native, not artificial) are more important for biomolecular control of crystal growth than previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kalka
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bielak
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Ptak
- Division of Optical Spectroscopy, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Dobryszycki
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wojtas
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wrocław, Poland.
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Różycka MO, Bielak K, Ptak M, Jost B, Melo Rodriguez G, Schoelkopf J, Stolarski J, Dobryszycki P, Ożyhar A. Effect of Gel Exposition on Calcium and Carbonate Ions Determines the Stm-l Effect on the Crystal Morphology of Calcium Carbonate. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4042-4050. [PMID: 37605889 PMCID: PMC10498444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization of fish otoliths is regulated by macromolecules, such as proteins, whose presence is crucial for the functionality and properties of these mineralized structures. Special regulatory effects are exerted by intrinsically disordered proteins, such as the polyanionic Starmaker-like protein from medaka, a homolog of zebrafish Starmaker. In this study, we employed a set of bioinspired mineralization experiments with a single diffusion system to investigate the effect of the Starmaker-like protein on calcium carbonate biominerals with regards to the prior exposition of the protein to calcium or carbonate ions. Interestingly, the bioinspired minerals grown in the presence of the Starmaker-like protein in calcium- or carbonate-type experiments differ significantly in terms of morphology and protein distribution within the crystals. Our deeper analysis shows that the Starmaker-like protein action is a result of the environmental conditions to which it is exposed. These findings may be of special interest in the areas of biomineralization process pathways and biomaterial sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława O. Różycka
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bielak
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Maciej Ptak
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 50-422, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Jarosław Stolarski
- Institute
of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-818, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobryszycki
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
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Bielak K, Benkowska-Biernacka D, Ptak M, Stolarski J, Kalka M, Ożyhar A, Dobryszycki P. Otolin-1, an otolith- and otoconia-related protein, controls calcium carbonate bioinspired mineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130327. [PMID: 36791829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otoliths and otoconia are calcium carbonate biomineral structures that form in the inner ear of fish and humans, respectively. The formation of these structures is tightly linked to the formation of an organic matrix framework with otolin-1, a short collagen-like protein from the C1q family as one of its major constituents. METHODS In this study, we examined the activity of recombinant otolin-1 originating from Danio rerio and Homo sapiens on calcium carbonate bioinspired mineralization with slow-diffusion method and performed crystals characterization with scanning electron microscopy, two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS We show that both proteins are embedded in the core of CaCO3 crystals that form through the slow-diffusion mineralization method. Both of them influence the morphology but do not change the polymorphic mineral phase. D.rerio otolin-1 also closely adheres to the crystal surface. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest, that otolin-1 is not a passive scaffold, but is directly involved in regulating the morphology of the resulting calcium carbonate biocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Bielak
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Benkowska-Biernacka
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Ptak
- Division of Optical Spectroscopy, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Stolarski
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobryszycki
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Tarczewska A, Bielak K, Zoglowek A, Sołtys K, Dobryszycki P, Ożyhar A, Różycka M. The Role of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation during Calcium Carbonate Biomineralization. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091266. [PMID: 36139105 PMCID: PMC9496343 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some animal organs contain mineralized tissues. These so-called hard tissues are mostly deposits of calcium salts, usually in the form of calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate. Examples of this include fish otoliths and mammalian otoconia, which are found in the inner ear, and they are an essential part of the sensory system that maintains body balance. The composition of ear stones is quite well known, but the role of individual components in the nucleation and growth of these biominerals is enigmatic. It is sure that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play an important role in this aspect. They have an impact on the shape and size of otoliths. It seems probable that IDPs, with their inherent ability to phase separate, also play a role in nucleation processes. This review discusses the major theories on the mechanisms of biomineral nucleation with a focus on the importance of protein-driven liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). It also presents the current understanding of the role of IDPs in the formation of calcium carbonate biominerals and predicts their potential ability to drive LLPS.
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Bielak K, Hołubowicz R, Zoglowek A, Żak A, Kędzierski P, Ożyhar A, Dobryszycki P. N'-terminal- and Ca 2+-induced stabilization of high-order oligomers of full-length Danio rerio and Homo sapiens otolin-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1032-1047. [PMID: 35447266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Otolin-1 is a C1q family member and a major component of the organic matrix of fish otoliths and human otoconia. To date, the protein molecular properties have not been characterized. In this work, we describe biochemical characterization and comparative studies on saccular-specific otolin-1 derived from Danio rerio and Homo sapiens. Due to the low abundance of proteins in the otoconial matrix, we developed a production and purification method for both recombinant homologues of otolin-1. Danio rerio and Homo sapiens otolin-1 forms higher-order oligomers that can be partially disrupted under reducing conditions. The presence of Ca2+ stabilizes the oligomers and significantly increases the thermal stability of the proteins. Despite the high sequence coverage, the oligomerization of Danio rerio otolin-1 is more affected by the reducing conditions and presence of Ca2+ than the human homologue. The results show differences in molecular behaviour, which may be reflected in Danio rerio and Homo sapiens otolin-1 role in otolith and otoconia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Bielak
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Hołubowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zoglowek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kędzierski
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobryszycki
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Zhao Q, Gao Y, Jin X, Han F, Chen K, Chen C. Influence of Acidic Environment on Hydrolytic Stability of MDP-Ca Salts with Nanolayered and Amorphous Structures. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1695-1709. [PMID: 35444417 PMCID: PMC9014115 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s357823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the hydrolytic stability of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate calcium (MDP-Ca) salts with nanolayered and amorphous structures in different pH environments. Methods The MDP-Ca salts were synthesized from MDP and calcium chloride and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the release of calcium from the synthesized MDP-Ca salt, MDP-treated hydroxyapatite (MDP-HAp), and untreated HAp after soaking in acidic and neutral solutions for 1, 7, and 30 days. To study the hydrolytic process, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the nanolayered MCS-MD (monocalcium salt of the MDP dimer) and DCS-MD (dicalcium salt of the MDP dimer) structures, as well as of the amorphous-phase MCS-MM (monocalcium salt of the MDP monomer). Results The TEM images showed that the nanolayered structures were partially degraded by acid attack. Based on the ICP-MS results, the hydrolysis rate of the MDP-Ca salt in acidic and neutral environments followed the order HAp > MDP-HAp > MDP-Ca salt. The MD simulations showed that, in acidic environments, clusters of MDP remained aggregated and all Ca2+ ions separated from the MDP monomer to interact with water molecules in aqueous solution. In neutral environments, Ca2+ ions always interacted with phosphate groups, OH− ions, and water molecules to form clusters centered on Ca2+ ions. Conclusion MDP-Ca presented higher hydrolysis rates in acidic than neutral environments. Nanolayered MCS-MD possessed the highest resistance to acidic hydrolysis, followed by amorphous MCS-MM and DCS-MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixue Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chen Chen, Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8625 6959 3031, Fax +8625 8651 6414, Email
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Li M, Yang S, Song J, Fu T, Liang P, Gao Z, Tang J, Guo L. Different grinding speeds affect induced regeneration capacity of human treated dentin matrix. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:755-767. [PMID: 34637601 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human-treated dentin matrix (hTDM) is a biomaterial scaffold, which can induce implant cells to differentiate into odontoblasts and then form neo-dentin. However, hTDM with long storage or prepared by high-speed handpiece would not to form neo-dentin. In this research, we developed two fresh hTDM with different grinding speeds, which were low-speed hTDM (LTDM) with maximum speed of 500 rpm and high-speed hTDM (HTDM) with a speed of 3,80,000 rpm. Here, we aim to understand whether there were induced regeneration capacity differences between LTDM and HTDM. Scanning electron microscope showed that DFCs grew well on both materials, but the morphology of DFCs and the extracellular matrix was different. Especially, the secreted extracellular matrixes on the inner surface of LTDM were regular morphology and ordered arrangement around the dentin tubules. The transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunofluorescence assay showed that the dentin markers DSPP and DMP-1 were about 2× greater in DFCs induced by LTDM than by HTDM, and osteogenic marker BSP was about 2× greater in DFCs induced by HTDM than by LTDM. Histological examinations of the harvested grafts observed the formation of neo-tissue were different, and there were neo-dentin formed on the inner surface of LTDM and neo-cementum formed on the outer surface of HTDM. In summary, it found that the induction abilities of LTDM and HTDM are different, and the dentin matrix is directional. This study lays a necessary foundation for searching the key factors of dentin regeneration in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Medical Cosmetology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Stomatology Center, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Medical University Stomatology College, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiwei Fu
- Chongqing Medical University Stomatology College, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Chongqing Medical University Stomatology College, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
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