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Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Differential Flavonoid Accumulation and Its Underlying Mechanism in Fruits of Distinct Canarium album Cultivars. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162527. [PMID: 36010527 PMCID: PMC9407539 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canarium album fruit has great potential to be consumed as a raw material not only for food but also medicine. The diverse active metabolites composition and content of C. album fruits greatly affect their pharmacological effects. However, up to now, there has been no report on the global metabolome differences among fruits from distinct C. album cultivars. In our present study, by using non-targeted metabolomics techniques, we identified 87 DAMs (differentially accumulated metabolites) including 17 types of flavonoids from fruits of four different C. album cultivars. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis- and flavonoid biosynthesis-related DAMs were major factors determining their metabolome differences. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that 15 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched by genes of the identified 3655 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) among different C. album cultivars. Consistent with the metabolome data, flavonoid biosynthesis-related DEGs, including eight key structural genes (such as FLS, CCoAOMT, CHI, C4H, DFR, LAR, and C3′H, etc.) and several regulatory transcription factor (TF) genes (including 32 MYBs and 34 bHLHs, etc.), were found to be significantly enriched (p < 0.01). Our study indicated that the differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes and accumulation of flavonoids played dominant roles in the various metabolome compositions of fruits from different C. album cultivars.
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Shah MS, Tayab MA, Rahman A, Hasan MN, Talukder MSH, Uddin AK, Jabed M, Chy MNU, Paul A, Rahman MM, Bin Emran T, Seidel V. Anxiolytic, antidepressant and antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Canarium resiniferum leaves. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:567-574. [PMID: 36325239 PMCID: PMC9618395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim This study evaluated the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Canarium resiniferum (MECR) leaves, and determined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in this extract. Experimental procedure The anxiolytic effect of MECR (100, 200, 400 mg/kg, p. o.) was tested in mice using the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, the hole-board test (HBT), and the light-dark box (LDB) test. Its antidepressant effect was evaluated in the tail suspension (TST) and the forced swim (FST) tests. The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content was measured using standard colorimetric assays. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Results and conclusion MECR, at all doses, showed dose-dependent anxiolytic activity. At 400 mg/kg, it significantly increased the time spent and number of entries in the open arms (EPM test), the number of head-dips (HBT), and the time spent into the light compartment (LDB) test compared to the control. In the TST and FST, MECR dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility compared to untreated animals. This was significant for all doses except for 100 mg/kg in the FST model. MECR showed high TPC and TFC (90.94 ± 0.75 mg GAE/g and 51.54 ± 0.78 mg QE/g of dried extract, respectively) and displayed potent activity in the DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 = 177.82 μg/mL) and FRAP assays. These findings indicate that C. resiniferum has the potential to alleviate anxiety and depression disorders, which merits further exploration. MECR leaves (400 mg/kg) showed significant anxiolytic activity in mice. MECR (200,400 mg/kg) displayed significant antidepressant activity in mice. MECR displayed high total phenolic/flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahin Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
- Drug Discovery, GUSTO A Research Group, Chittagong, 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Abu Tayab
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | | | - A.M. Kafil Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jabed
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazim Uddin Chy
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
- Drug Discovery, GUSTO A Research Group, Chittagong, 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Arkajyoti Paul
- Drug Discovery, GUSTO A Research Group, Chittagong, 4203, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Md Masudur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
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Li J, Wang R, Wang Y, Zeng J, Xu Z, Xu J, He X. Anti-Inflammatory Benzofuran Neolignans from the Fruits of Canarium album (Chinese Olive). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1122-1133. [PMID: 35049305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chinese olive is a well-known fruit in China. In this study, we explored anti-inflammatory phytochemicals of Chinese olive fruit, which led to the isolation of nine pairs of new enantiomers of benzofuran neolignans (1a/1b-9a/9b). Among them, the planar structures of compounds 1-3 were undescribed previously, and the absolute configurations of all compounds were reported first. Their stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of the interpretation of NMR, HRESIMS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data, as well as ECD calculation. All compounds exhibited pronounced inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values ranging from 6.0 to 30.2 μM. Furthermore, compounds 6a and 6b exert anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thereby reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6. This study could provide some guidance and evidence to the further development and utilization of the Chinese olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zeyong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Yan J, Peng C, Chen P, Zhang W, Jiang C, Sang S, Zhu W, Yuan Y, Hong Y, Yao M. In-vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and preliminary mechanism of action of Canarium album Raeusch. fruit extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114578. [PMID: 34464702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Canarium album Raeusch. belongs to the Burseraceae family. Its ripe fruits, known as Qing Guo (QG) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), are used to treat sore throat, cough, and fish or crab poisoning. QG was reported to have antibacterial activity, and it exerted excellent anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity in our screening of abundant TCM. However, few studies have reported its anti-H. pylori activity and mechanism. AIM OF STUDY The commonly used eradication therapies for H. pylori infection are antibiotic-based therapies. With the increasing antibiotic resistance of H. pylori, interest in finding alternative therapies has been aroused. This study investigated the phytochemistry profile, in vitro anti-H. pylori activity and possible anti-bacterial mechanism of QG extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS QG extracts were obtained by heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction or liquid-liquid extraction with different solvents. The quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analyses were performed by colorimetric determination, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and UPLC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In vitro anti- H. pylori activity was assessed by broth micro-dilution method. Mechanism of action studies included morphological observation using electron microscopy, urease inhibition assay and determination of expression of virulence genes by RT-qPCR. RESULTS All QG extracts especially ethyl acetate extract (QGEAE) were rich in phenolic components, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) on H.pylori of 39-625 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 78-1250 μg/ml. Both aqueous extract (QGAE) and QGEAE could induce the morphological and structural changes of H. pylori, inhibit urease activity with IC50 of 1093 μg/ml and 332.90 μg/ml, respectively, and down-regulate the virulence genes, such as vacA and cagA. CONCLUSIONS QG may exhibit in vitro anti-H. pylori activity by inhibiting growth, destroying the bacterial structure and down-regulating the expression of virulence factors. Moreover, QG is the homology of food and TCM, which can be considered as a safe and convenient agent against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chang Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Pengting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Shuyi Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Weixing Zhu
- Qingyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingyuan, 511500, China.
| | - Yuemei Yuan
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanjun Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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