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Bikbov MM, Kazakbaeva GM, Holz FG, Panda-Jonas S, Gilemzianova LI, Khakimov DA, Jonas JB. Intravitreal panitumumab and myopic macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:859-864. [PMID: 37429701 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-323383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In experimental studies, intravitreally applied antibodies against epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF family members (amphiregulin, neuregulin-1, betacellulin, epigen, epiregulin) and against the EGF receptor (EGFR) were associated with a reduction in lens-induced axial elongation and decrease in physiological eye elongation in guinea pigs and in non-human primates. Here, we investigated the intraocular tolerability and safety of a fully human monoclonal IgG2-antibody against EGFR, already in clinical use in oncology, as a potential future therapeutic approach for axial elongation in adult eyes with pathological myopia. METHODS The clinical, monocentre, open-label, multiple-dose, phase-1 study included patients with myopic macular degeneration of stage 4, who received intravitreal injections of panitumumab in various doses and in intervals ranging between 2.1 months and 6.3 months. RESULTS The study included 11 patients (age:66.8±6.3 years), receiving panitumumab injections in doses of 0.6 mg (4 eyes; 1×1 injection, 3×2 injections), 1.2 mg (4 eyes; 1×1 injection, 2×2 injections, 1×3 injections) and 1.8 mg (3 eyes; 1×1 injection, 2×2 injections), respectively. None of the participants showed treatment-emergent systemic adverse events or intraocular inflammatory reactions. Best-corrected visual acuity (1.62±0.47 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) vs 1.28±0.59 logMAR; p=0.08) and intraocular pressure (13.8±2.4 mm Hg vs 14.3±2.6 mm Hg; p=0.20) remained unchanged. In nine patients with a follow-up of >3 months (mean:6.7±2.7 months), axial length did not change significantly (30.73±1.03 mm vs 30.77±1.19 mm; p=0.56). CONCLUSIONS In this open-labelled, phase-1 study with a mean follow-up of 6.7 months, panitumumab repeatedly administered intravitreally up to a dose of 1.8 mg was not associated with intraocular or systemic adverse effects. During the study period, axial length remained unchanged. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00027302.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wu HT, Shi XH, Dong L, Zhang RH, Li YT, Wei WB. Lens-induced myopization and body weight in young guinea pigs. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:6. [PMID: 38172796 PMCID: PMC10763096 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship between body weight and Axial length in guinea pigs. METHODS Forty pigmented guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups, namely control group and negative lens-induced myopization (LIM) group. After measuring the baseline axial length and body weight (BW), guinea pigs of LIM group received bilateral negative lens-induced myopization using - 10.0 diopters lenses. One week later, the lenses were removed and biometric and ophthalmoscopic examinations were repeated. RESULTS Two groups of guinea pigs showed no statistical difference in initial body weight and eye axis length. Compared to the control group, the lens-induced group had a lower weight (P = 0.02) and a longer axial length (P < 0.01) at the end of study Neither at baseline nor at week 1 did AL correlate with BW in both groups (Control Baseline: r = 0.306, P = 0.19; Control Week1: r = 0.333, P = 0.15; LIM Baseline: r=-0.142, P = 0.55; LIM Week 1: r = 0.189, P = 0.42). Lens-induction had a significant effect on axial elongation (P < 0.01) while body weight had no impact on such aspect (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION In guinea pigs of the same age, axial length was not correlated with body weight. Also, baseline body weight had no impact on natural axial length growth or lens-induced myopia. Lens-induction caused a significant reduction in body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tian Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Lane, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xu-Han Shi
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Lane, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Dong
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Lane, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Rui-Heng Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Lane, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi-Tong Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Lane, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Lane, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Li HY, Dong L, Shi XH, Zhang RH, Zhou WD, Wu HT, Yu CY, Li YT, Li YF, Jonas JB, Wei WB, Liu YM. Intraocular cetuximab: Safety and effect on axial elongation in young Guinea pigs with lens-induced myopization. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109715. [PMID: 37951338 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the intraocular tolerability of the epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab, when applied intravitreally, and its effect on axial elongation. Guinea pigs aged 2-3 weeks were subjected to bilateral plano glasses and bilateral lens-induced myopization (LIM) as a single procedure for group I (n = 8) and group II (n = 8), respectively. In the animals of group III (n = 8), group IV (n = 8), and group V (n = 8), the right eyes of the animals, in addition to LIM, received four weekly intravitreal injections of cetuximab (Erbitux®) in doses of 6.25 μg, 12.5 μg, and 25 μg, respectively. As controls, the left eyes, in addition to LIM, received corresponding intraocular injections of phosphate-buffered saline. The animals underwent regular ophthalmoscopic examinations and biometry for axial length measurements. With increasing doses of cetuximab, the inter-eye difference in axial elongation (at study end, left eyes minus right eyes) were significantly the smallest in group I (0.00 ± 0.02 mm) and group II (-0.01 ± 0.02 mm), they were larger in group III (0.04 ± 0.04 mm) and group IV (0.10 ± 0.03 mm), and they were the largest in group V (0.11 ± 0.01 mm). The inter-eye difference in axial elongation enlarged (P < 0.001) with the number of injections applied. Retinal thickness at the posterior pole (right eyes) was significantly thicker in group V than in group II (P < 0.01). The density of apoptotic cells (visualized by TUNEL-staining) did not vary significantly between any of the groups (all P > 0.05). The results suggest that intravitreal injections of cetuximab in young guinea pigs with LIM resulted in a reduction in axial elongation in a dose-dependent and number of treatment-dependent manner. Intraocular toxic effects, such as intraocular inflammation, retinal thinning, or an increased density of apoptotic cells in the retina, were not observed in association with the intravitreally applied cetuximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Yan Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Dong
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Han Shi
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Heng Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Da Zhou
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Tian Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chu-Yao Yu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Tong Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wen-Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yue-Ming Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing TongrenHospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Shi XH, Dong L, Zhang RH, Zhou WD, Li YF, Wu HT, Li HY, Yu CY, Li YT, Wang YX, Jonas JB, Wei WB. Reduction of experimental ocular axial elongation by neuregulin-1 antibody. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1277180. [PMID: 37964886 PMCID: PMC10640991 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1277180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the mechanisms underlying myopic axial elongation have remained unclear, we examined the effect of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), an epidermal growth factor family member, on myopic axial elongation. Methods The guinea pigs aged two to three weeks were subjected to bilateral negative lens-induced axial elongation and received weekly intravitreal injections into their right eyes of NRG-1 antibody (doses: 5 μg, n = 8; 10 μg, n = 8, 20 μg, n = 9) or of NRG-1 (doses: 0.05 μg, n = 8; 0.01 μg, n = 9; 0.2 μg, n = 8), underwent only bilateral negative lens-induced axial elongation (myopia control group, n = 10), or underwent no intervention (control group, n = 10). The contralateral eyes received corresponding intravitreal phosphate-buffered solution injections. One week after the last injection, the guinea pigs were sacrificed, the eyeballs were removed, the thicknesses of the retina and sclera were histologically examined, the expression of NRG-1 and downstream signal transduction pathway members (ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT) and the mRNA expression of NRG-1 in the retina was assessed. Results The inter-eye difference in axial length at study end increased (p < 0.001) from the normal control group (-0.02 ± 0.09 mm) and the myopia control group (-0.01 ± 0.09 mm) to the low-dose NRG-1 antibody group (-0.11 ± 0.05 mm), medium-dose NRG-1 antibody group (-0.17 ± 0.07 mm), and high-dose NRG-1 antibody group (-0.28 ± 0.06 mm). The relative expression of NRG-1, ERK1/2, and PI3K/AKT in the retina decreased in a dose-dependent manner from the myopia control group to the NRG-1 antibody groups and the normal control group. The relative NRG-1 mRNA expression in the retina was higher (p < 0.01) in the myopic control group than in the NRG-1 antibody groups and normal control group. Scleral and retinal thickness decreased from the normal control group to the NRG-1 antibody groups to the myopic control group. After intraocular injection of NRG-1 protein, there was a slight dose-dependent increase in the difference in axial length between the right and left eye, however not statistically significantly, from the normal control group (-0.02 ± 0.09 mm) to the high-dose NRG-1 protein group (0.03 ± 0.03 mm; p = 0.12). Conclusion Intravitreal NRG-1 antibody application was dose-dependently and time-dependently associated with a reduction in negative lens-induced axial elongation in young guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han Shi
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Dong
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Heng Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Da Zhou
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fan Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Tian Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He Yan Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Yao Yu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tong Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jonas JB, Jonas RA, Bikbov MM, Wang YX, Panda-Jonas S. Myopia: Histology, clinical features, and potential implications for the etiology of axial elongation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101156. [PMID: 36585290 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myopic axial elongation is associated with various non-pathological changes. These include a decrease in photoreceptor cell and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell density and retinal layer thickness, mainly in the retro-equatorial to equatorial regions; choroidal and scleral thinning pronounced at the posterior pole and least marked at the ora serrata; and a shift in Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) occurring in moderately myopic eyes and typically in the temporal/inferior direction. The BMO shift leads to an overhang of Bruch's membrane (BM) into the nasal intrapapillary compartment and BM absence in the temporal region (i.e., parapapillary gamma zone), optic disc ovalization due to shortening of the ophthalmoscopically visible horizontal disc diameter, fovea-optic disc distance elongation, reduction in angle kappa, and straightening/stretching of the papillomacular retinal blood vessels and retinal nerve fibers. Highly myopic eyes additionally show an enlargement of all layers of the optic nerve canal, elongation and thinning of the lamina cribrosa, peripapillary scleral flange (i.e., parapapillary delta zone) and peripapillary choroidal border tissue, and development of circular parapapillary beta, gamma, and delta zone. Pathological features of high myopia include development of macular linear RPE defects (lacquer cracks), which widen to round RPE defects (patchy atrophies) with central BM defects, macular neovascularization, myopic macular retinoschisis, and glaucomatous/glaucoma-like and non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy. BM thickness is unrelated to axial length. Including the change in eye shape from a sphere in emmetropia to a prolate (rotational) ellipsoid in myopia, the features may be explained by a primary BM enlargement in the retro-equatorial/equatorial region leading to axial elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karis-University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Clinical and Scientific Ophthalmology and Acupuncture Jonas & Panda, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Rahul A Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Shi WQ, Wan T, Li B, Li T, Zhou XD. EFEMP1 is a potential biomarker of choroid thickness change in myopia. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1144421. [PMID: 36891459 PMCID: PMC9987712 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1144421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the possible molecular mechanism by which epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) regulates choroid thickness (CT) in the development of myopia. Methods In total, 131 subjects were divided into the emmetropia (EM) group, non-high myopia (non-HM) group and high myopia (HM) group. Their age, refraction, intraocular pressure, and other ocular biometric parameters were collected. A 6 × 6 mm area centered on the optic disc was scanned by coherent optical tomography angiography (OCTA) to measure CT, and the tear concentrations of EFEMP1 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. Twenty-two guinea pigs were divided into the control group and the form-deprivation myopia (FDM) group. The right eye of the guinea pig in the FDM group was covered for 4 weeks, and the diopter and axial length of the right eye of the guinea pig were measured before and after the treatment. After the measurement, the guinea pig was euthanized, and the eyeball was removed. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting assays and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of EFEMP1 in the choroid. Results There were significant differences in CT among the three groups (p < 0.001). CT was positively correlated with age in HM (r = -0.3613, p = 0.0021), but no significant correlation with SE (p > 0.05) was observed. Furthermore, there were increased levels of EFEMP1 in the tears of myopic patients. After 4 weeks of covering the right eye of the FDM guinea pigs, there was a significant increase in axial length and a decrease in diopter (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of EFEMP1 was significantly increased in the choroid. Conclusion Choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in myopic patients, and the expression level of EFEMP1 in the choroid increased during the development of FDM. Therefore, EFEMP1 may be involved in the regulation of choroidal thickness in myopia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Li
- Central Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Huang Y, Chen X, Zhuang J, Yu K. The Role of Retinal Dysfunction in Myopia Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01309-1. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang W, Nan Y, Huang T, Pu M, Jonas JB. Intraocular Amphiregulin antibody and axial elongation in nonhuman primates. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:995157. [PMID: 38983534 PMCID: PMC11182130 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.995157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the effect of intraocularly applied amphiregulin antibody on physiological axial elongation in young nonhuman primates. Methods The experimental study included six male 12-months-old macaque nonhuman primates (body weight:2.46 ± 0.25kg;range:2.20-2.90kg). In the experimental group (n=3 animals), three intravitreal injections of amphiregulin antibody (100μg/50μl) were applied to the left eyes at intervals of 4-6 weeks, and injections of phosphate buffered solution (50μl) were applied to the right eyes. Three other animals were assigned to a blank control group. Results During the study period of 23.6 weeks, axial length in the experimental group did not change in the left eyes (18.91 ± 0.37mm to 18.94 ± 0.67mm;P=0.90), while it linearly increased in the right eyes (18.87 ± 0.38mm to 19.24 ± 0.53mm;P=0.056) and in the control group (left eyes:19.15 ± 0.22mm to 19.48 ± 0.22mm;P=0.009; right eyes:19.17 ± 0.15 mm to 19.46 ± 0.23 mm;P=0.024). The interocular difference in axial elongation increased in the experimental group from -0.11 ± 0.12mm at 4 weeks after baseline to -0.34 ± 0.15mm at the study end, while in the control group, the interocular side difference did not change significantly (from 0.01 ± 0.10 mm to 0.03 ± 0.08 mm;P=0.38). The difference in the interocular difference in axial elongation between the two groups was significant at 8 weeks (P=0.01), 15 weeks (P=0.007), and at study end (P=0.02). The interocular difference in axial length correlated with the interocular difference in vitreous cavity length (standardized regression coefficient beta:0.85;P<0.001). The interocular axial length difference was inversely associated with the interocular refractive error difference (beta:-0.49;P<0.001). Conclusions Intraocularly applied amphiregulin antibody (100μg) reduced the physiological ocular axial elongation in juvenile nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Wang
- Department of Anatomy/Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Nan
- Department of Anatomy/Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejun Huang
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Pu
- Department of Anatomy/Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Safety and tolerability of intravitreal cetuximab in young and adult rabbits. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11454. [PMID: 35794227 PMCID: PMC9259608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess safety and tolerability of intraocularly applied cetuximab as epidermal growth factor receptor antibody, we conducted the experimental study which consisted of groups of adult rabbits (body weight: 2.4 kg) and young rabbits (body weight: 1.6 kg). All animals received three intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg cetuximab (Erbitux) (0.10 mL; 5 mg cetuximab/mL) into their right eyes in 4-week intervals, while the contralateral eyes received intravitreal injections of Ringer's solution. All animals underwent regular ophthalmological examinations at baseline and two-week intervals. Four weeks after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed, and the eyes were enucleated, fixed and examined by light microscopy. The study included 10 adult rabbits (age: 18 weeks; range: 17–19 weeks) and 8 young rabbits (age: 8 weeks; range: 7–10 weeks). Biometric measurements of axial length, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness and intraocular pressure readings did not differ significantly (all P > 0.05, Bonferroni corrected) between the right (study) eyes and the left (control) eyes, neither in the young nor in the adult rabbit group. Signs of intraocular inflammation or fundus peculiarities were not detected. Thickness of the outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer, combined outer and inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer, and total retina, measured at the posterior pole, posterior pole/equator midpoint, equator, and ora serrata region, did not vary significantly between study eyes and control eyes (all P > 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). The results suggest that repeated intravitreal application of cetuximab did not result in any detected intraocular toxic or destructive effect in young and adult rabbits, concurring with the notion of an intraocular tolerability of cetuximab.
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10
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Dong L, Zhang RH, Zhou WD, Li YF, Li HY, Wu HT, Shi XH, Jonas JB, Wei WB. Epiregulin, epigen and betacellulin antibodies and axial elongation in young guinea pigs with lens-induced myopization. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:193. [PMID: 35477375 PMCID: PMC9044769 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine an effect of intravitreally applied antibodies against epidermal growth factor family members, namely epiregulin, epigen and betacellulin, on ocular axial elongation. Methods The experimental study included 30 guinea pigs (age:3–4 weeks) which underwent bilateral lens-induced myopization and received three intraocular injections of 20 µg of epiregulin antibody, epigen antibody and betacellulin antibody in weekly intervals into their right eyes, and of phosphate-buffered saline into their left eyes. Seven days after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed. Axial length was measured by sonographic biometry. Results At baseline, right eyes and left eyes did not differ (all P > 0.10) in axial length in neither group, nor did the interocular difference in axial length vary between the groups (P = 0.19). During the study period, right and left eyes elongated (P < 0.001) from 8.08 ± 0.07 mm to 8.59 ± 0.06 mm and from 8.08 ± 0.07 mm to 8.66 ± 0.07 mm, respectively. The interocular difference (left eye minus right eye) in axial elongation increased significantly in all three groups (epiregulin-antibody:from 0.03 ± 0.06 mm at one week after baseline to 0.16 ± 0.08 mm at three weeks after baseline;P = 0.001); epigen-antibody group:from -0.01 ± 0.06 mm to 0.06 ± 0.08 mm;P = 0.02; betacellulin antibody group:from -0.05 ± 0.05 mm to 0.02 ± 0.04 mm;P = 0.004). Correspondingly, interocular difference in axial length increased from -0.02 ± 0.04 mm to 0.13 ± 0.06 mm in the epiregulin-antibody group (P < 0.001), and from 0.01 ± 0.05 mm to 0.07 ± 0.05 mm in the epigen-antibody group (P = 0.045). In the betacellulin-antibody group the increase (0.01 ± 0.04 mm to 0.03 ± 0.03 mm) was not significant (P = 0.24). Conclusions The EGF family members epiregulin, epigen and betacellulin may be associated with axial elongation in young guinea pigs, with the effect decreasing from epiregulin to epigen and to betacellulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Heng Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Da Zhou
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He-Yan Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Tian Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Han Shi
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology and Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Privatpraxis Prof Jonas Und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wen-Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Yang Q, Tan QQ, Lan CJ, Lv BZ, Zhou GM, Zhong WQ, Gu ZM, Mao YM, Liao X. The Changes of KCNQ5 Expression and Potassium Microenvironment in the Retina of Myopic Guinea Pigs. Front Physiol 2021; 12:790580. [PMID: 35002772 PMCID: PMC8733613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.790580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KCNQ5 is suggestively associated with myopia, but its specific role in the myopic process has not been studied further. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of potassium channel gene KCNQ5 and the changes of K+ microenvironment within the retina of form deprivation myopia (FDM) guinea pigs. A total of 60 guinea pigs were randomly divided into the normal control (NC) group, the self-control (SC) group, and the form-deprivation (FD) group for different treatments. Molecular assays and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were conducted to measure the expression and distribution of KCNQ5-related gene and protein in the retina. We determined the K+ concentration in the retina. In addition, the possible effects of form deprivation on potassium ionic currents and the pharmacological sensitivity of KCNQ5 activator Retigabine and inhibitor XE991 to the M-current in RPE cells were investigated using the patch-clamp technique. As a result, FD eyes exhibited more myopic refraction and longer AL. The mRNA and protein levels of KCNQ5 significantly decreased in the FD eyes, but the K+ concentration increased. In addition, the M-type K+ current [IK(M)] density decreased in FD RPE cells, and were activated or inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner due to the addition of Retigabine or XE991. Overall, KCNQ5 was significantly downregulated in the retina of FD guinea pigs, which may be associated with the increasing K+ concentration, decreasing IK(M) density, and elongating ocular axis. It suggested that KCNQ5 may play a role in the process of myopia, and the intervention of potassium channels may contribute to the prevention and control of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- The Translational Medicine Research Center and the Hepatobiliary Research Institute (North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, China
| | - Qing Qing Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chang Jun Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Bo Zhen Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Gui Mei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei Qi Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- The Translational Medicine Research Center and the Hepatobiliary Research Institute (North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, China
| | - Zhi Ming Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- The Translational Medicine Research Center and the Hepatobiliary Research Institute (North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, China
| | - Yu Mei Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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12
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Summers JA, Martinez E. Visually induced changes in cytokine production in the chick choroid. eLife 2021; 10:70608. [PMID: 34608867 PMCID: PMC8612705 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal ocular growth is regulated by a vision-dependent mechanism that acts to minimize refractive error through coordinated growth of the ocular tissues. Of great interest is the identification of the chemical signals that control visually guided ocular growth. Here, we provide evidence that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), may play a pivotal role in the control of ocular growth using a chicken model of myopia. Microarray, real-time RT-qPCR, and ELISA analyses identified IL-6 upregulation in the choroids of chick eyes under two visual conditions that introduce myopic defocus and slow the rate of ocular elongation (recovery from induced myopia and compensation for positive lenses). Intraocular administration of atropine, an agent known to slow ocular elongation, also resulted in an increase in choroidal IL-6 gene expression. Nitric oxide appears to directly or indirectly upregulate choroidal IL-6 gene expression, as administration of the non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, inhibited choroidal IL-6 gene expression, and application of a nitric oxide donor stimulated IL-6 gene and protein expression in isolated chick choroids. Considering the pleiotropic nature of IL-6 and its involvement in many biological processes, these results suggest that IL-6 may mediate many aspects of the choroidal response in the control of ocular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody A Summers
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Elizabeth Martinez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
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13
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Bikbov MM, Khalimov TA, Panda-Jonas S, Jonas JB. Intravitreal application of epidermal growth factor in non-exudative age-related macular degeneration. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 106:1762-1766. [PMID: 34261661 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the safety of intravitreally applied epidermal growth factor (EGF). METHODS The clinical interventional, prospective, single-centre, case series study included patients with age-related macular degeneration-related geographic atrophy (GA), in whom the eye with the worse best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) underwent a single, or repeated, intravitreal injection of EGF (0.75 µg in 50 µL). At baseline and afterwards, the eyes underwent ophthalmological examinations. RESULTS The study included seven patients (mean age:70.0±12.2 years (range: 54-86 years), with five patients receiving a single injection and two patients receiving two intravitreal injections in an interval of 4 weeks. Mean duration of follow-up was 97±97 days (median:35 days; range: 7-240 days). Mean BCVA was lower at baseline than at study end (1.41±0.44 logMAR vs 0.97±0.12 logMAR; p=0.03). Mean size of the GA lesions did not differ significantly between baseline and study end (29 212±22 887 pixels vs 29 300±22 905 pixels; p=0.59) nor did the mean perimetric mean defect (-10.3±5.9 dB vs 12.0±8.8 dB; p=0.35) or the electroretinographical b-wave amplitude (44.53±31.7 µV vs 64.5±25.5 µV; p=0.12). After a second injection 4 weeks after the first injection, one of two patients developed a cystoid macular oedema in association with an induced incomplete posterior vitreous detachment. It persisted for 3 weeks. Visual acuity in this eye improved from 1.0 logMAR at baseline to 0.80 logMAR at study end. CONCLUSIONS Except for one eye with temporary, self-resolving cystoid macular oedema, single and repeated intravitreal applications of EGF (0.75 µg) in patients with GA did not lead to intraocular inflammations or any observed intraocular side effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN12733334.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timur A Khalimov
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | - Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
- Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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14
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Intraocular epidermal growth factor concentration, axial length, and high axial myopia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:3229-3234. [PMID: 34050811 PMCID: PMC8523420 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Various molecules such as dopamine have been found to be associated with axial elongation in experimental studies. Here, we examined whether intraocular EGF is associated with axial length in myopic patients. Methods The hospital-based investigation included patients of European descent without optic nerve, retinal, or macular diseases except for myopic maculopathy. Using aqueous humor samples collected during surgery, the EGF concentration was examined applying a cytometric bead array. High myopia was defined by an axial length of ≥ 27.0 mm. Results The study included a non-highly myopic group of 11 patients (mean age, 72.9 ± 10.8 years; mean axial length, 24.3 ± 1.1 mm) and a highly myopic group of three patients (age, 81.11 ± 12.3 years; axial length, 29.5 ± 1.3 mm), with one of them having pathologic myopic maculopathy. In multivariable linear regression analysis, higher EGF concentration was correlated with the highly myopic versus non-highly myopic group (beta, 1.24; non-standardized correlation coefficient B, 6.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.10,12.4;P = 0.047) after adjusting for axial length. The amount of intraocular EGF was significantly higher in the highly myopic group than in the non-highly myopic group (89.1 ± 40.8 pg versus 34.1 ± 13.2 pg; P = 0.005), and it was highest in the eye with myopic maculopathy (135 pg). Conclusions The intraocular amount of EGF is higher in highly myopic versus non-highly myopic eyes.
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15
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Bikbov MM, Khalimov TA, Cerrada-Gimenez M, Ragauskas S, Kalesnykas G, Jonas JB. Compatibility of intravitreally applied epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:2053-2063. [PMID: 33713254 PMCID: PMC8172503 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Introduction To examine the compatibility of intravitreally injected epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amphiregulin as EGF family member. Methods Four rabbits (age: 4 months; body weight: 2.5 kg) received three intravitreal injections of EGF (100 ng) uniocularly in monthly intervals and underwent ocular photography, tonometry, biometry, and optical coherence tomography. After sacrificing the rabbits, the globes were histomorphometrically examined. In a second study part, eyes of 22 guinea pigs (age: 2–3 weeks) received two intravitreal administrations of amphiregulin (10 ng) or phosphate buffered solution (PBS) in 10-day interval, or were left untouched. Ten days after the second injection, the guinea pigs were sacrificed, the enucleated eyes underwent histological and immune-histological examinations. Results The rabbit eyes with EGF injections versus the contralateral untouched eyes did not show significant differences in intraocular pressure (7.5 ± 2.4 mmHg vs. 6.8 ± 2.2 mmHg; P = 0.66), retinal thickness (158 ± 5 µm vs. 158 ± 3 µm; P = 1.0), cell counts in the retinal ganglion cell layer (3.3 ± 1.7 cells/150 µm vs. 3.0 ± 1.4 cells/150 µm; P = 0.83), inner nuclear layer (46.4 ± 23.2 cells/150 µm vs. 39.6 ± 6.4 cells/150 µm; P = 0.61), and outer nuclear layer (215 ± 108 cells/150 µm vs. 202 ± 47 cells/150 µm; P = 0.83), or any apoptotic retinal cells. The guinea pig eyes injected with amphiregulin versus eyes with PBS injections did not differ (P = 0.72) in the degree of microglial activation, and both groups did not differ from untouched eyes in number of apoptotic retinal cells and retinal gliosis. Conclusions Intravitreal applications of EGF (100 ng) in rabbits nor intravitreal applications of amphiregulin (10 ng) in guinea pigs led to intraocular specific inflammation or any observed intraocular destructive effect. The findings support the notion of a compatibility of intraocular applied EGF and amphiregulin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany. .,Institute of Clinical and Scientific Ophthalmology and Acupuncture Jonas and Panda, Heidelberg, Germany.
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