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McCall JL, Geldenhuys WJ, Robinson LJ, Witt MR, Gannett PM, Söderberg BCG, Blair HC, Soboloff J, Barnett JB. Preclinical evaluation of ELP-004 in mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1230. [PMID: 38940379 PMCID: PMC11212004 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study provides a detailed understanding of the preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ELP-004, an osteoclast inhibitor in development for the treatment of bone erosion. Current treatments for arthritis, including biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, are not well-tolerated in a substantial subset of arthritis patients and are expensive; therefore, new treatments are needed. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ELP-004 were tested with intravenous, oral, and subcutaneous administration and found to be rapidly absorbed and distributed. We found that ELP-004 was non-mutagenic, did not induce chromosome aberrations, non-cardiotoxic, and had minimal off-target effects. Using in vitro hepatic systems, we found that ELP-004 is primarily metabolized by CYP1A2 and CYP2B6 and predicted metabolic pathways were identified. Finally, we show that ELP-004 inhibits osteoclast differentiation without suppressing overall T-cell function. These preclinical data will inform future development of an oral compound as well as in vivo efficacy studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. McCall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell BiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- ExesaLibero Pharma, Inc.MorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Werner J. Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWest Virginia University School of PharmacyMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Lisa J. Robinson
- Department of PathologyWest Virginia School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Michelle R. Witt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell BiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Department of PathologyWest Virginia School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Peter M. Gannett
- College of PharmacyNova Southeastern UniversityFt. LauderdaleFloridaUSA
| | - Björn C. G. Söderberg
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of ChemistryWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Harry C. Blair
- Departments of Pathology and Cell BiologyThe Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular BiologyLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John B. Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell BiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- ExesaLibero Pharma, Inc.MorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
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Robinson LJ, Soboloff J, Tourkova IL, Larrouture QC, Onwuka KM, Papachristou DJ, Gross S, Hooper R, Samakai E, Worley PF, Liu P, Tuckermann J, Witt MR, Blair HC. The calcium channel Orai1 is required for osteoblast development: Studies in a chimeric mouse with variable in vivo Runx-cre deletion of Orai-1. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0264596. [PMID: 37167218 PMCID: PMC10174572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-selective ion channel Orai1 has a complex role in bone homeostasis, with defects in both bone production and resorption detected in Orai1 germline knock-out mice. To determine whether Orai1 has a direct, cell-intrinsic role in osteoblast differentiation and function, we bred Orai1 flox/flox (Orai1fl/fl) mice with Runx2-cre mice to eliminate its expression in osteoprogenitor cells. Interestingly, Orai1 was expressed in a mosaic pattern in Orai1fl/fl-Runx2-cre bone. Specifically, antibody labeling for Orai1 in vertebral sections was uniform in wild type animals, but patchy regions in Orai1fl/fl-Runx2-cre bone revealed Orai1 loss while in other areas expression persisted. Nevertheless, by micro-CT, bones from Orai1fl/fl-Runx2-cre mice showed reduced bone mass overall, with impaired bone formation identified by dynamic histomorphometry. Cortical surfaces of Orai1fl/fl-Runx2-cre vertebrae however exhibited patchy defects. In cell culture, Orai1-negative osteoblasts showed profound reductions in store-operated Ca2+ entry, exhibited greatly decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, and had markedly impaired substrate mineralization. We conclude that defective bone formation observed in the absence of Orai1 reflects an intrinsic role for Orai1 in differentiating osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Robinson
- Departments of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, and of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Irina L. Tourkova
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Quitterie C. Larrouture
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kelechi M. Onwuka
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Dionysios J. Papachristou
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Scott Gross
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Robert Hooper
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Elsie Samakai
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Paul F. Worley
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Helmholtzstraße, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Helmholtzstraße, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michelle R. Witt
- Departments of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, and of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Harry C. Blair
- Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Calcium-Permeable Channels Cooperation for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101383. [PMID: 36291594 PMCID: PMC9599458 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease that results from the deposition of antibodies–autoantigens in the joints, leading to long-lasting inflammation. The main features of RA include cartilage damage, synovial invasion and flare-ups of intra-articular inflammation, and these pathological processes significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. To date, there is still no drug target that can act in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the search for novel drug targets has become urgent. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, calcium ions play an important role in all cellular activities and the body has evolved a rigorous calcium signaling system. Calcium-permeable channels, as the main operators of calcium signaling, are widely distributed in cell membranes, endoplasmic reticulum membranes and mitochondrial membranes, and mediate the efflux and entry of Ca2+. Over the last century, more and more calcium-permeable channels have been identified in human cells, and the role of this large family of calcium-permeable channels in rheumatoid arthritis has gradually become clear. In this review, we briefly introduce the major calcium-permeable channels involved in the pathogenesis of RA (e.g., acid-sensitive ion channel (ASIC), transient receptor potential (TRP) channel and P2X receptor) and explain the specific roles and mechanisms of these calcium-permeable channels in the pathogenesis of RA, providing more comprehensive ideas and targets for the treatment of RA.
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