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Sahoo BR, Crook AA, Pattnaik A, Torres-Gerena AD, Khalimonchuk O, Powers R, Franco R, Pattnaik AK. Redox Regulation and Metabolic Dependency of Zika Virus Replication: Inhibition by Nrf2-Antioxidant Response and NAD(H) Antimetabolites. J Virol 2023; 97:e0136322. [PMID: 36688653 PMCID: PMC9972919 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01363-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections alter host cell metabolism and homeostasis; however, the mechanisms that regulate these processes have only begun to be elucidated. We report here that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection activates the antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which precedes oxidative stress. Downregulation of Nrf2 or inhibition of glutathione (GSH) synthesis resulted in significantly increased viral replication. Interestingly, 6-amino-nicotinamide (6-AN), a nicotinamide analog commonly used as an inhibitor of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), decreased viral replication by over 1,000-fold. This inhibition was neither recapitulated by the knockdown of PPP enzymes, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), or 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), nor prevented by supplementation with ribose 5-phosphate. Instead, our metabolomics and metabolic phenotype studies support a mechanism in which 6-AN depletes cells of NAD(H) and impairs NAD(H)-dependent glycolytic steps resulting in inhibition of viral replication. The inhibitory effect of 6-AN was rescued with precursors of the salvage pathway but not with those of other NAD+ biosynthesis pathways. Inhibition of glycolysis reduced viral protein levels, which were recovered transiently. This transient recovery in viral protein synthesis was prevented when oxidative metabolism was inhibited by blockage of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, fatty acid oxidation, or glutaminolysis, demonstrating a compensatory role of mitochondrial metabolism in ZIKV replication. These results establish an antagonistic role for the host cell Nrf2/GSH/NADPH-dependent antioxidant response against ZIKV and demonstrate the dependency of ZIKV replication on NAD(H). Importantly, our work suggests the potential use of NAD(H) antimetabolite therapy against the viral infection. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is a major public health concern of international proportions. While the incidence of ZIKV infections has declined substantially in recent years, the potential for the reemergence or reintroduction remains high. Although viral infection alters host cell metabolism and homeostasis to promote its replication, deciphering the mechanism(s) involved in these processes is important for identifying therapeutic targets. The present work reveals the complexities of host cell redox regulation and metabolic dependency of ZIKV replication. An antagonistic effect of the Nrf2/GSH/NADP(H)-dependent antioxidant response against ZIKV infection and an essential role of NAD(H) metabolism and glycolysis for viral replication are established for the first time. These findings highlight the potential use of NAD(H) antimetabolites to counter ZIKV infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R. Sahoo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Alexandra A. Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Aryamav Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Alondra D. Torres-Gerena
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Xia S, Zhang M, Liu H, Dong H, Wu N, Wiedermann CJ, Andaluz-Ojeda D, Chen H, Li N. Heme oxygenase-1 as a predictor of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: a cross-sectional study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1177. [PMID: 36467337 PMCID: PMC9708490 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis patients suffer from severe inflammation and poor prognosis. Oxidative stress and local inflammation that results from sepsis can trigger organ injury, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have shown that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is overexpressed in proximal tubular cells under oxidative stress and has significant cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Heme-induced inflammation in sepsis is antagonized by increased tissue expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which impacts on AKI development. The investigators observed intrarenal HO-1 expression and corresponding potential increases in plasma and urinary HO-1 protein concentrations in four different AKI models. Since serum levels of HO-1 reflect HO-1 expression, we aimed to investigate whether serum HO-1 could predict the development of AKI in sepsis patient. METHODS A total of 83 sepsis patients were enrolled in this study including septic patients with AKI and sepsis patients without AKI. According to the definition of septic shock and the global kidney diagnostic criteria described in the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), patients were allocated to the sepsis and septic shock groups with and without AKI, respectively. The serum levels of HO-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between septic patients with AKI and sepsis patients without AKI in terms of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, hospitalization time, and laboratory indicators including serum HO-1, creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), troponin I (TnI), urea, myoglobin (MYO), serum creatinine (Scr), procalcitonin, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, MYO, Scr, procalcitonin, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time exhibited significant differences among the four groups. The concentration of serum HO-1 was higher in sepsis-induced AKI compared with sepsis patients without AKI. Serum HO-1 levels were increased in patients with sepsis shock-induced AKI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for serum HO-1 combined with Scr was 0.885 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.761-1.000]. CONCLUSIONS Serum HO-1 is positively correlated with sepsis-induced AKI. These findings suggest that measurement of serum HO-1 may play a diagnostic and prediction role in sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meishuai Zhang
- Emergency Department, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haibin Dong
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Christian J. Wiedermann
- Department of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and HTA, University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Austria
| | - David Andaluz-Ojeda
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Hospitales Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Li
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Detsika MG, Nikitopoulou I, Veroutis D, Vassiliou AG, Jahaj E, Tsipilis S, Athanassiou N, Gakiopoulou H, Gorgoulis VG, Dimopoulou I, Orfanos SE, Kotanidou A. Increase of HO-1 Expression in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Outcome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071300. [PMID: 35883791 PMCID: PMC9311906 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 is a cytoprotective enzyme with strong antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties and previous reports have also emphasized the antiviral properties of HO-1, either directly or via induction of interferons. To investigate the potential role of HO-1 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the present study assessed changes in HO-1 expression in whole blood and tissue samples. Upregulation of HO-1 protein was observed in lung, liver, and skin tissue independently of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presence. A significant increase of blood HO-1 mRNA levels was observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients compared to those in severe COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. This increase was accompanied by significantly elevated levels of serum ferritin and bilirubin in critically ill compared to patients with severe disease. Further grouping of patients in survivors and non-survivors revealed a significant increase of blood HO-1 mRNA levels in the later. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for prediction of ICU admission and mortality yielded an AUC of 0.705 (p = 0.016) and 0.789 (p = 0.007) respectively indicating that HO-1 increase is associated with poor COVID-19 progression and outcome. The increase in HO-1 expression observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients could serve as a mechanism to counteract increased heme levels driving coagulation and thrombosis or as an induced protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Detsika
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.G.D.); (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (E.J.); (S.T.); (N.A.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Ioanna Nikitopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.G.D.); (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (E.J.); (S.T.); (N.A.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.G.D.); (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (E.J.); (S.T.); (N.A.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Edison Jahaj
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.G.D.); (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (E.J.); (S.T.); (N.A.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Stamatis Tsipilis
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.G.D.); (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (E.J.); (S.T.); (N.A.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Nikolaos Athanassiou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.G.D.); (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (E.J.); (S.T.); (N.A.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Hariklia Gakiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (V.G.G.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.G.D.); (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (E.J.); (S.T.); (N.A.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Stylianos E. Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.G.D.); (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (E.J.); (S.T.); (N.A.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.G.D.); (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (E.J.); (S.T.); (N.A.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
- Correspondence:
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