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Murton S. Guest Editorial: Surprisingly mundane. How do we remain vigilant? J Prim Health Care 2018; 10:100-101. [DOI: 10.1071/hcv10n2_ed2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Kiavash K, Abner SM, Malone JC. New variant lymphomatoid papulosis type E preceding and coexisting with mycosis fungoides - a case report and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 42:1018-1023. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kiavash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville KY USA
| | - Sabra M. Abner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology; University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville KY USA
| | - Janine C. Malone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville KY USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology; University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville KY USA
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Meena M, Martin PA, Abouseif C, Bullpitt P. Lymphomatoid papulosis type C of the eyelid in a young girl: a case report and review of literature. Orbit 2014; 33:395-398. [PMID: 24911471 DOI: 10.3109/01676830.2014.907813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report an unusual presentation of a case of Lymphomatoid papulosis(LyP) in a young girl. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 14-year-old female presented with a history of swelling of the left upper eyelid of two weeks duration. There was a history of trivial trauma prior to the swelling. The patient was diagnosed as having pre-septal cellulitis elsewhere and was put on oral antibiotics. The lesion was non-responsive to oral antibiotics. The patient was then referred to our hospital. Ocular examination revealed an elevated lesion measuring 15 mm × 10 mm on the left upper eyelid, associated with pre-septal swelling and induration. Ocular movements were normal. The anterior and posterior segment examination was normal. Incision biopsy was done from the eyelid lesion. Multiple cutaneous lesions were also biopsied. RESULTS The histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of lymphomatoid papulosis type C. Dermatological and systemic evaluation ruled out the other aggressive forms of CD30(+) lymphoid proliferation. CONCLUSION We report an unusual presentation of lymphomatoid papulosis(LyP) type C in a young girl. Complete systemic work up and histopathological evaluation is mandatory in cases of suspicious lesions, not responding to conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Meena
- Oculoplastic Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Hospital and Sydney Eye Hospital , Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW , Australia and
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4
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Barbosa L, Brito MJ, Balaco I, Noruegas MJ. Anaplastic cutaneous lymphoma mimicking an infection. J Radiol Case Rep 2014; 8:39-47. [PMID: 24967027 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v8i3.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 17-year-old boy who presented with a skin lesion with extension to the soft tissues of the left thigh. On ultrasound, a homogeneous and hypoechoic expansile formation in the subcutaneous tissue was found, measuring 6.5 × 5 × 3.5 cm, with scarce vascularization. Computed tomography showed a low attenuating neoformation with surrounding edema. An inflammatory disorder was the first diagnosis, but the absence of improvement with antibiotics led us to perform magnetic resonance imaging that showed a high signal lesion on T2-weighted imaging and low intensity signal on T1-weighted imaging and surrounding contrast uptake. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography showed uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose by the lesion. The final diagnosis was anaplastic cutaneous lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Barbosa
- Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel João Brito
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Balaco
- Pediatric Orthopedic Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria José Noruegas
- Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Kempf W, Kazakov DV, Paredes BE, Laeng HR, Palmedo G, Kutzner H. Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma with Angioinvasive Features and Cytotoxic Phenotype: A Rare Lymphoma Variant within the Spectrum of CD30+ Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Dermatology 2013; 227:346-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000355479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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7
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Plaza JA, Feldman AL, Magro C. Cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders with CD8 expression: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. J Cutan Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Plaza
- Department of Dermatopathology; The Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee; WI; USA
| | - Andrew L. Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester; MN; USA
| | - Cynthia Magro
- Department of Dermatopathology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York; NY; USA
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8
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Salameh F, Barzilai A, Baum S, Trau H. Mycosis fungoides and CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma simulating pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with ulcerative colitis. J Dermatol Case Rep 2011; 3:30-3. [PMID: 21886726 DOI: 10.3315/jdcr.2009.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyoderma gangrenosum is estimated to occur in 5% to 12% of ulcerative colitis patients. Primary CD30+ cutaneous large cell lymphoma is the second most common cutaneous lymphoma. It may coexists with mycosis fungoides. MAIN OBSERVATIONS We report a 38-years-old female patient with 12 year history of ulcerative colitis, treated previously with 5-aminosalicylic acid and systemic corticosteroids. The disease has been in remission for the past 1.5 years, with no maintenance treatment. The patient then developed a rapidly progressing ulcerated lesion clinically simulating pyoderma gangrenosum. Physical examination revealed also a small number of hairless hypopigmented patches on the upper and lower limbs which she claimed to have appeared 4 years ago. Surprisingly a histological evaluation of the ulcer revealed a CD30+ primary cutaneous large cell lymphoma, while histology of hypopigmented lesions revealed mycosis fungoides, patch stage. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement from the two lesions didn't reveal the same T Cell clonalitiy and the patients lymphoma was stable. CONCLUSION Our case presents the rare coexistence of primary mycosis fungoides and primary CD30+ cutaneous large cell lymphoma, rather than the CD30+ cutaneous large cell lymphoma developing from mycosis fungoides. This case also presents the development of a pyoderma gangrenosum-like lesion of CD30+ cutaneous large cell lymphoma in a patient with ulcerative colitis. An observation that emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion in cases diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum based solely on clinical appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Salameh
- Department of Dermatology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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9
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Sanka RK, Eagle RC, Wojno TH, Neufeld KR, Grossniklaus HE. Spectrum of CD30+ lymphoid proliferations in the eyelid lymphomatoid papulosis, cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Ophthalmology 2009; 117:343-51. [PMID: 19969358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the clinicopathologic features of 3 patients with CD30(+) lymphoid proliferations of the eyelid. DESIGN Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS Patients with cutaneous CD30(+) lymphoproliferative lesions of the eyelid. METHODS Three patients with CD30(+) non-mycosis fungoides T-cell lymphoid infiltrates of the eyelid were identified. The histories, clinical findings, pathologic features including immunohistochemical staining, treatments, and outcomes were reviewed and compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pathologic findings including immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The patients included an 81-year-old man, an 18-year-old man, and a 42-year-old woman with CD30(+) lymphoid proliferations of the eyelid and adjacent soft tissue. The first patient had an isolated crateriform eyelid lesion that was classified as lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP). The second patient had an isolated multinodular lesion of the eyelid that was classified as cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (cALCL). The third patient presented with eyelid edema with an underlying mass and was found to have widely disseminated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Diagnoses were dependent on clinical findings. CONCLUSIONS The CD30(+) lymphoid proliferations represent a spectrum of conditions ranging from indolent LyP, to moderately aggressive cALCL, to highly aggressive ALCL. Interpretation of the pathologic findings in CD30(+) lymphoid proliferations is based in part on clinical findings. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any material discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Krishna Sanka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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10
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Agarwal M, Shenjere P, Blewitt RW, Hall G, Sloan P, Pigadas N, Banerjee SS. CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the Oral Mucosa—An Indolent Lesion: Report of 4 Cases. Int J Surg Pathol 2008; 16:286-90. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896907313755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Four cases of CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CD30+ LPD) of the oral mucosa are described. This article aims to draw attention to this entity and to emphasize its usual benign clinical behavior despite its resemblance to T-cell lymphoma. All the patients were adults. Three of the lesions were on the dorsal surface of the tongue and 1 affected the buccal mucosa. All biopsies showed a dense lymphoid infiltrate composed of CD30+ atypical T cells with a polymorphous infiltrate in the background, which included eosinophils. In 1 case, monoclonal T-cell expansion was detected by molecular techniques. Three cases tested for Epstein—Barr virus were all negative. It is concluded that primary CD30+ T-cell LPD of the oral mucosa can be regarded as the oral counterpart of cutaneous CD30+ LPD such as lymphomatoid papulosis or anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Recognition of the condition is important to avoid overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Agarwal
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust, Lancaster
| | | | | | - Gillian Hall
- Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Sloan
- Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - N. Pigadas
- Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Carlson JA, Chen KR. Cutaneous Vasculitis Update: Neutrophilic Muscular Vessel and Eosinophilic, Granulomatous, and Lymphocytic Vasculitis Syndromes. Am J Dermatopathol 2007; 29:32-43. [PMID: 17284960 DOI: 10.1097/01.dad.0000245198.80847.ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Most biopsies of cutaneous vasculitis will exhibit a small vessel neutrophilic vasculitis [leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV)] that is associated with immune complexes on direct immunofluorescence examination or, less commonly, antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) by indirect immunofluorescence testing. Is in uncommon for skin biopsy to reveal solely a neutrophilic arteritis signifying the presence of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa or, if accompanied by significant lobular panniculitis, nodular vasculitis/erythema induratum. In other cases, cutaneous vascular damage (fibrinoid necrosis, muscular vessel wall disruption, or endarteritis obliterans) will be mediated by a nonneutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate. Eosinophilic vasculitis can be a primary (idiopathic) process that overlaps with hypereosinophilic syndrome, or it can be a secondary vasculitis associated with connective tissue disease or parasite infestation. Authentic cutaneous granulomatous vasculitis (versus vasculitis with extravascular granulomas) can represent a cutaneous manifestation of giant cell arteritis, an eruption secondary to systemic disease such as Crohn's disease or sarcoidosis, or a localized disorder, often a post-herpes zoster (HZ) phenomenon. Lymphocytic vasculitis is a histologic reaction pattern that correlates with broad clinical differential diagnosis, which includes connective tissue disease - mostly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), endothelial infection by Rickettsia and viruses, idiopathic lichenoid dermatoses such as perniosis or ulcerative necrotic Mucha-Habermann disease, and angiocentric cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Skin biopsy extending into the subcutis, identifying the dominant inflammatory cell and caliber of vessels affected, extravascular histologic clues such as presence of lichenoid dermatitis or panniculitis, and correlation with clinical data allows for accurate diagnosis of these uncommon vasculitic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Carlson
- Division of Dermatology, Albany Medical College, MC-81, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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12
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Burg G, Kempf W, Cozzio A, Feit J, Willemze R, S Jaffe E, Dummer R, Berti E, Cerroni L, Chimenti S, Diaz-Perez JL, Grange F, Harris NL, Kazakov DV, Kerl H, Kurrer M, Knobler R, Meijer CJLM, Pimpinelli N, Ralfkiaer E, Russell-Jones R, Sander C, Santucci M, Sterry W, Swerdlow SH, Vermeer MH, Wechsler J, Whittaker S. WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas 2005: histological and molecular aspects. J Cutan Pathol 2006; 32:647-74. [PMID: 16293178 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2005.00495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The new WHO/EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas comprises mature T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms, mature B-cell neoplasms, and immature hematopoietic malignancies. It reflects the unique features of lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin, and at the same time it is as compatible as possible with the concepts underlying the WHO classification for nodal lymphomas and the EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas. This article reviews the histological, phenotypical, and molecular genetic features of the various nosological entities included in this new classification. These findings always have to be interpreted in the context of the clinical features and biologic behavior. AIM To review the histological, phenotypical and molecular genetic features of the various nosological entities of the new WHO/EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. METHODS Extensive review of the literature cited in Medline and own data of the authors. RESULTS The WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas comprises mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms, mature B-cell neoplasms and immature hematopoietic malignancies. It reflects the unique features of primary cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases. CONCLUSION This classification is as much as possible compatible with the concept of the WHO classification for nodal lymphomas and the EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas. The histological, phenotypical and molecular genetic features always have to be interpreted in the context of the clinical features and biologic behavior.
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MESH Headings
- Europe
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- International Agencies
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lymphoma/classification
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/immunology
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/classification
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/classification
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/classification
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Burg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) encompass a clinically and biologically heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) defined by clonal proliferation of skin-homing malignant T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. They account for up to 75% to 80% of all cutaneous lymphomas. The current WHO-EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas with primary cutaneous manifestations lists 13 entities. The most common subtypes—mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome, primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and lymphomatoid papulosis—which represent approximately 95% of CTCLs, will be discussed in the following review. Each entity has unique biological characteristics and clinical course. Topical and/or systemic therapies are employed based on the stage of the disease and the tempo of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Rosen
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Ct, Olson Pavilion, Suite 8-250, Chicago IL 60611-2645, USA.
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Ribeiro-Silva A, Chang D, Arruda D, Félix PR. Lymphomatoid papulosis in a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. J Dermatol 2005; 32:132-6. [PMID: 15906545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare skin disease with a benign course but a malignant histologic appearance based on atypical lymphocytes. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a diffuse infiltration of the bone marrow by cells that synthesize IgM immunoglobulins. A 46-year-old female presented with a two year history of weakness, fatigue, anemia, and recurring multiple erythematous papules and nodules in the skin. The skin biopsy showed pleomorphic lymphoid cells with atypical mitoses permeated by a diffuse dermal infiltrate of normal appearing lymphocytes. The neoplastic cells were positive for CD30, CD3, and CD5 but negative for CD20 and EMA. The bone marrow was hypercellular due to a diffuse infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and plasmacytoid lymphocytes. LyP is a lymphoproliferative disorder of CD30-positive T cells that may be associated with other lymphoid malignancies, particularly Hodgkin's disease, mycosis fungoides, and anaplastic T cell lymphomas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a LyP appearing in a patient with WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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15
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Noorali S, Pervez S, Yaqoob N, Moatter T, Nasir MI, Haroon S, Hodges E, Smith JL. Prevalence and characterization of anaplastic large cell lymphoma and its association with Epstein-Barr virus in Pakistani patients. Pathol Res Pract 2005; 200:669-79. [PMID: 15648604 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), CD30+, is a subtype of T-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Its most common form is a classical systemic type that involves multiple nodal and extranodal sites. In this study, morphologic, immunohistologic, and genetic studies were performed on ALCL cases in Pakistani patients. The median age of the patients in this study was 45 years (age range: 5-70 years), with a male to female ratio of 3.4:1. Thirty-seven (37) patients were diagnosed to have Ki-1 (CD30+) ALCL, which constituted 2% of all NHLs and 12.6% of all T-NHLs, over a period of 11 years (January 01, 1992-December 31, 2002). The tumors were of either T- or null-cell type with constant (100%) expression of CD30 (Ki-1). The majority of the cases (89.2%) expressed EMA, whereas 40.5% of the cases expressed either CD45 (LCA), CD45RO (UCHL1), or ALK. The mean age of ALCL patients with null-cell phenotype was 33.8 years as compared to those with T-cell phenotype having a mean age of 36.3 years. Out of the 37 cases diagnosed as ALCL, amplifiable DNA was isolated from 28 cases, which were further assessed for T-cell clonality for T-cell receptor (TCR)-beta, gamma, and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) for the FR2 and FR3 regions. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique demonstrated clonal rearrangement of the TCR beta, gamma, and IgH regions in 15 (53.6%), 11 (39.3%), and 2 (7.1%) ALCL cases, respectively, out of 28 cases. Association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was noted in seven out of 28 cases (25%) of ALCL by PCR, whereas ISH for EBV-encoded nuclear RNA-1 (EBER-1) detected the presence of EBV in two (16.7%) out of 12 cases, where one was T-cell ALCL and the other null-cell ALCL. Immunostaining for LMP-1 could not be performed, because tissue material was not available. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the prevalence of ALCL in Pakistan is comparable to that reported for some of the Asian communities and by the International Lymphoma Study Group and that EBV could be partly responsible for the pathogenesis of ALCL.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Herpesvirus 4, Human
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- Ki-1 Antigen/metabolism
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pakistan
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prevalence
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology
- Tumor Virus Infections/pathology
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Noorali
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Medical Centre, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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16
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Pujol RM, Muret MPG, Bergua P, Bordes R, Alomar A. Oral Involvement in Lymphomatoid Papulosis. Dermatology 2005; 210:53-7. [PMID: 15604547 DOI: 10.1159/000081485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2003] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral involvement in cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoid proliferations is rare and has received little attention in the dermatologic literature. The authors report 2 patients with self-healing, recurrent papulonodular eruptions with the classic clinical, histopathological and immunophenotypic features of lymphomatoid papulosis, which developed two ulcerated papules and an ulcerative nodule on the dorsum of the tongue, respectively. The lesions appeared coincident with a new cutaneous relapse of the disease. Histopathological and immunophenotypic features were similar to those of the cutaneous lesions. All lesions regressed spontaneously after several weeks. Since then, and after follow-up periods of 3 and 7 years, respectively, no evidence of extracutaneous involvement has been detected. Oral involvement in lymphomatoid papulosis is an uncommon event, probably without prognostic significance. Previously reported cases are reviewed. The differential diagnosis of atypical T-cell lymphoid infiltrates observed in the oral mucosa is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon M Pujol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, IMAS, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tracey L, Villuendas R, Dotor AM, Spiteri I, García JF, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Vanaclocha F, García-Rodríguez M, Hernández A, Mora I, García C, Vidal S, Fraga J, Requena L, Piris MA, Ortiz-Romero PL. Posible implicación de las alteraciones moleculares de la vía de TNF en la tumorigénesis de la micosis fungoide. Descripción de un posible chip de diagnóstico molecular en micosis fungoide. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(04)76774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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18
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Querfeld C, Rosen ST, Kuzel TM, Guitart J. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: a review with emphasis on new treatment approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 22:150-61. [PMID: 14649582 DOI: 10.1016/s1085-5629(03)00041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas represent a wide variety of non-Hodgkin lymphomas that are characterized by a distinct clinical presentation. Advanced molecular and biological techniques have enhanced the recognition of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. The most common subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are the epidermotropic variants mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. At present, a stage-adjusted therapy is the best concept available, since early aggressive treatment options did not improve the prognosis of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Accurate diagnostic and clinical assessment as well as identification of prognostic factors provides a helpful basis for treatment strategies. Current medical literature on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment is reviewed with emphasis on new biologic response-modifying treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Querfeld
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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19
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Querfeld C, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Rosen ST. Primary cutaneous lymphomas: a review with current treatment options. Blood Rev 2003; 17:131-42. [PMID: 12818223 DOI: 10.1016/s0268-960x(03)00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T- and B-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of diseases with varied clinical presentations and prognosis. The use of new molecular, histological, and clinical criteria have enhanced the recognition of primary cutaneous T- and B-cell lymphomas. Compared to their nodal counterpart they have a different clinical behavior and therefore require a different treatment approach. Independent predictive factors identified clinically, histologically, and by immunopheno- and immunogenotyping are essential to assess the appropriate treatment for each subtype. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Cutaneous Lymphoma Study Group provide a classification of cutaneous lymphomas taking into account of the histological and molecular features. Based on this classification we will provide a summary of the current medical literature in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for primary cutaneous lymphomas with emphasis on new treatment strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/therapeutic use
- Europe
- Humans
- Immunotoxins/therapeutic use
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/classification
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/classification
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Male
- Mycosis Fungoides/drug therapy
- Mycosis Fungoides/pathology
- Retinoids/therapeutic use
- Sezary Syndrome/drug therapy
- Sezary Syndrome/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/classification
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Querfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Tracey L, Villuendas R, Dotor AM, Spiteri I, Ortiz P, Garcia JF, Peralto JLR, Lawler M, Piris MA. Mycosis fungoides shows concurrent deregulation of multiple genes involved in the TNF signaling pathway: an expression profile study. Blood 2003; 102:1042-50. [PMID: 12689942 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-11-3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most frequent type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, whose diagnosis and study is hampered by its morphologic similarity to inflammatory dermatoses (ID) and the low proportion of tumoral cells, which often account for only 5% to 10% of the total tissue cells. cDNA microarray studies using the CNIO OncoChip of 29 MF and 11 ID cases revealed a signature of 27 genes implicated in the tumorigenesis of MF, including tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-dependent apoptosis regulators, STAT4, CD40L, and other oncogenes and apoptosis inhibitors. Subsequently a 6-gene prediction model was constructed that is capable of distinguishing MF and ID cases with unprecedented accuracy. This model correctly predicted the class of 97% of cases in a blind test validation using 24 MF patients with low clinical stages. Unsupervised hierarchic clustering has revealed 2 major subclasses of MF, one of which tends to include more aggressive-type MF cases including tumoral MF forms. Furthermore, signatures associated with abnormal immunophenotype (11 genes) and tumor stage disease (5 genes) were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Tracey
- Molecular Pathology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3 Madrid 28029, Spain
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Atkins KA, Dahlem MM, Kohler S. A case of lymphomatoid papulosis with prominent myxoid change resembling a mesenchymal neoplasm. Am J Dermatopathol 2003; 25:62-5. [PMID: 12544103 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-200302000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis is a chronic recurrent eruption of self-regressing papules and nodules. Histologically this disorder is characterized by large atypical lymphoid cells resembling Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells that are set in a background of a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Depending on the architecture of the infiltrate and the percentage of atypical cells, the histologic appearance is subclassified as type A, B, or C. The different histologic patterns do not seem to correlate with distinct clinical appearances. We report a case of lymphomatoid papulosis with unusual histologic features affecting a 14-year-old girl. The presence of anaplastic cells in a background of myxoid stroma closely resembled a sarcoma on histologic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Atkins
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305-5302, USA
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Bergman R, Marcus-Farber BS, Manov L, Nerodinisky I, Epelbaum R, Sahar D, Schein-Goldschmid R, Ramon M, Ben-Arieh Y. Clinicopathologic reassessment of non-mycosis fungoides primary cutaneous lymphomas during 17 years. Int J Dermatol 2002; 41:735-43. [PMID: 12452994 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2002.01637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New classification systems have recently been proposed for primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs). The aim of our study was to evaluate the applicability and significance of the new classification systems to the diagnosis and management of non-mycosis fungoides (non-MF) PCL. METHODS Immunohistochemical restaining, histological reclassification, and clinical follow-up of all new non-MF PCL cases during 17 consecutive years were performed. The histological reclassification was performed according to the Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) classification, except for lymphomatoid papulosis (Lyp), which was included as an indolent lymphoma, according to the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classification. RESULTS During the period 1983-99, 251 new PCL cases were seen, 213 (85%) of which were MF and Sézary syndrome (eight cases), and 38 (15%) of which were non-MF. Of the latter, 20 (53%) were B-cell lymphomas, including eight (40%) follicle center lymphoma, follicular (FCLF), eight (40%) marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), two (10%) diffuse large cell lymphoma, and two (10%) unclassifiable cases. Most or all of the lesions did not stain for CD10, CD43, and bcl-2 protein, and immunostaining for kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chain restriction was much more useful diagnostically in MZL. Of the 18 primary non-MF cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, 13 (72%) were Lyp, all of which were type A, four (22%) were CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and one (6%) was natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma. Except for the NK/T-cell lymphoma, all the other non-MF PCLs had an indolent course. CONCLUSIONS A minority of the routinely diagnosed PCLs are non-MF, equally divided between B- and T-cell lymphomas. The REAL classification is applicable to the majority, although it does not include entities such as Lyp; the clinical correlations are not as obvious because most of the non-MF PCLs tend to have a relatively indolent course.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Child
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphoma/classification
- Lymphoma/mortality
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/classification
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/classification
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/mortality
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Skin Neoplasms/classification
- Skin Neoplasms/mortality
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Bergman
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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Goyal S, Brinster NK, Goyal S. Ki-1(CD30) positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma: primary nodal disease relapsing as erythroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47:S201-4. [PMID: 12140462 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2002.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ki-1 (CD30) positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an uncommon, high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with distinct morphologic and immunohistochemical features. Solitary or multiple ulcerated nodules typically characterize cutaneous involvement. Erythroderma is very rare. We report the first case of primary nodal ALCL in which disease relapse manifested as generalized papules, nodules, and erythroderma. This unusual case expands the spectrum of cutaneous disease associated with Ki-1 positive ALCL and highlights the need for early biopsy in patients with a history of Ki-1 positive ALCL who have skin lesions develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Goyal
- Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kang SK, Chang SE, Choi JH, Sung KJ, Moon KC, Koh JK. Coexistence of CD30-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma and mycosis fungoides. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002; 27:212-5. [PMID: 12072011 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, including lymphomatoid papulosis, mycosis fungoides and CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) overlap clinicopathologically and form part of a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders. There have been several case reports of these diseases coexisting. We describe a 59-year-old Korean man who presented with a recurrent, solitary CD30+ ALCL of 25 years' duration as well as patch stage mycosis fungoides of 11 years' duration. Such occurrences may represent different clinical manifestations of the same clonal T-cell abnormality, and provide further insight into the pathogenesis of these related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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Kagaya M, Kondo S, Kamada A, Yamada Y, Matsusaka H, Jimbow K. Localized lymphomatoid papulosis. Dermatology 2002; 204:72-4. [PMID: 11834855 DOI: 10.1159/000051815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A 50-year-old Japanese male visited our clinic in April 1999 with a 2-year history of self-healing, reddish papules on his right palm. On examination, there were grouped erythematous papules, 2-4 mm in size, which formed a relatively well-circumscribed erythematous plaque. A biopsy specimen showed a wedge-shaped, dense dermal infiltrate consisting of variously sized mononuclear lymphoid cells mixed with few large CD30-positive cells and inflammatory cells, suggesting the diagnosis of regional lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP). Analysis of the T cell receptor gene revealed a polyclonal pattern on lesional skin. Only 5 cases of LyP presenting in a regional distribution have been reported previously. Although the etiology of localized LyP remains unknown, considering that 2 of 5 reported patients developed widespread lesions regional LyP may be the initial presentation of typical LyP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kagaya
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Fung MA, Murphy MJ, Hoss DM, Grant-Kels JM. Practical evaluation and management of cutaneous lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:325-57; quiz, 358-60. [PMID: 11862169 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2002.121355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Accurate evaluation of patients with suspected or known cutaneous lymphoma requires the integration of many sources and types of information, including clinical evaluation, microscopic analysis of tissue, immunophenotyping, gene rearrangement studies, clinical staging, and longitudinal observation. Diagnoses should be based on knowledge of specific lymphoma types as described in modern classification systems. Management of patients with cutaneous lymphoma requires collaboration among dermatologists, dermatopathologists, hematopathologists, and medical, surgical and radiation oncologists. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:325-57.) LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should better understand how to evaluate and manage patients for suspected or established lymphoma of the skin. Components include the clinical history and physical examination, optimal biopsy and tissue handling, interpretation of pathology and adjunctive test results, clinicopathologic correlation, and therapy. Participants should also understand the basis for establishing a specific diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma based on current classification and staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell A Fung
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Liu V, McKee PH. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: approach for the surgical pathologist: recent advances and clarification of confused issues. Adv Anat Pathol 2002; 9:79-100. [PMID: 11917163 DOI: 10.1097/00125480-200203000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CTCLs) remain a subject of confusion and controversy. In this review, the authors discuss diagnostic criteria and classification, including the role of immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement studies. In addition, cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas, the current status of parapsoriasis and other premalignant syndromes, and the clinicopathological variants of mycosis fungoides are discussed. CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders and a number of rare variants of CTCL including granulamatous slack skin, subcutaneous (panniculitic) T-cell lymphoma, gamma-delta cutaneous lymphoma, NK/NK-like T-cell lymphoma, and primary cutaneous CD8-positive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Liu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Yazawa N, Kondo S, Kagaya M, Yazawa H, Minamitsuji Y, Jimbow K. Successful treatment of a patient with lymphomatoid papulosis by methotrexate. J Dermatol 2001; 28:373-8. [PMID: 11510505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2001.tb00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) that occurred in a 44-year-old Japanese male patient. Reddish papules with a small number of pustules and nodules were observed on the extremities, chest and upper back. Most lesions were also associated with central necrosis, ulceration and crusting, and regressed spontaneously within 4 to 6 weeks. Histopathological examination revealed wedge-shaped dense cellular infiltrate in the dermis, which was mixed with large atypical lymphoid cells, small lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils. These large atypical cells expressed CD30 on their cell membrane and cytoplasm. Rearrangement of the T-cell receptor (TcR) beta-chain gene was detected in the skin lesion. Lymphadenopathy with histopathologic change similar to the skin lesions, but without TcR gene rearrangement, was found at the left inguinal area. Systemic administration of methotrexate (7.5-15.0 mg/week) was found to be dramatically effective in resolution of skin lesions and prevention of their recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Mraz-Gernhard S, Natkunam Y, Hoppe RT, LeBoit P, Kohler S, Kim YH. Natural killer/natural killer-like T-cell lymphoma, CD56+, presenting in the skin: an increasingly recognized entity with an aggressive course. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:2179-88. [PMID: 11304770 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.8.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe and identify the clinical and pathologic features of prognostic significance for natural killer (NK) and NK-like T-cell (NK/T-cell) lymphoma presenting in the skin. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a retrospective review of 30 patients with CD56+ lymphomas initially presenting with cutaneous lesions, with analysis of clinical and histopathologic parameters. RESULTS The median survival for all patients was 15 months. Those with extracutaneous manifestations at presentation (11 patients) had a shorter median survival of 7.6 months as compared with those without extracutaneous involvement (17 patients), who had a more favorable median survival of 44.9 months (P =.0001). Age, gender, extent of cutaneous involvement, and initial response to therapy had no statistically significant effect on survival. Seven patients (24%) had detectable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) within neoplastic cells. The patients with tumor cells that coexpress CD30 (seven patients) have not yet reached a median survival after 35 months of follow-up as compared with those with CD30- tumor cells (20 patients), who had a median survival of 9.6 months (P <.02). Routine histopathologic characteristics had no prognostic significance nor did the presence of CD3epsilon, EBV, or multidrug resistance. CONCLUSION NK/T-cell lymphoma is an aggressive neoplasm; however, a subset with a more favorable outcome is identified in this study. The presence of extracutaneous disease at presentation is the most important clinical variable and portends a poor prognosis. The extent of initial skin involvement does not reliably predict outcome. Patients from the United States with NK/T-cell lymphoma presenting in the skin have a low incidence of demonstrable EBV in their tumor cells. Patients with coexpression of CD30 in CD56 lymphomas tend to have a more favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mraz-Gernhard
- Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, and Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Chimenti S, Fargnoli MC, Pacifico A, Peris K. Mucosal involvement in a patient with lymphomatoid papulosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 44:339-41. [PMID: 11174410 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2001.102669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a 38-year-old woman with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) who had nodular and papulovesicular lesions develop on the genital area and oral commissure. Mucosal involvement in LyP is a rare event, and its clinical relevance is still unknown. Aggressive therapies are not recommended in patients with LyP with either cutaneous or mucosal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chimenti
- Department of Dermatology, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of cutaneous lymphomas revealed that the incidence of lymphomas differed depending on various factors including area, race, and sex, among others. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to analyse the incidence of cutaneous lymphomas in Tokyo. METHODS The clinical records and histologic material from 50 patients with lymphomas of the skin and 12 patients with lymphomatoid papulosis seen during the last 10 years at the Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, have been reviewed. RESULTS T-cell lymphomas including mycosis fungoides (MF)-Sézary's syndrome (SS) complex and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) were more frequent than B-cell lymphomas. The incidence of ATL is associated with the number of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers in the general population. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) is not as rare as previously thought in Japan. CONCLUSIONS Although the frequency of these cases depends on many unrelated factors, these values can provide a rough indication of the incidence of cutaneous lymphomas in Tokyo. The incidence of cutaneous lymphomas may be influenced by changes in environmental factors including viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishiji
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Lemons-Estes FM, Capt HP, Skelton H, Smith KJ. A clonal cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative eruption in a patient with evidence of past exposure to hepatitis E. Int J Dermatol 2000; 39:521-7. [PMID: 10940117 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F M Lemons-Estes
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Department of Infectious Disease, Washington DC, USA
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Lee MW, Chi DH, Choi JH, Sung KJ, Moon KC, Koh JK. A case of mycosis fungoides after CD30 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. J Dermatol 2000; 27:458-61. [PMID: 10935344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A 55-year-old woman presented with mycosis fungoides (MF) after the total excision of primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). In the specimens obtained from the nodule of CD30+ ALCL and the plaque lesion of MF, the same pattern of T-cell receptor gene rearragement was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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Kato N, Yasukawa K, Kimura K, Yoshida K. Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma associated with acquired ichthyosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42:914-20. [PMID: 10767704 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(00)90271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic, CD30(+), large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that accounts for 2% to 8% of all lymphomas. Its most common form is a classical systemic type, which involves multiple nodal and extranodal sites, including the skin. Malignant lymphoproliferative disorders, especially Hodgkin's disease, are known rarely to be associated with acquired ichthyosis, whereas only 1 case of ALCL has been reported to be associated with acquired ichthyosis. We describe a 74-year-old Japanese man with ALCL, involving lymph nodes and the skin, who exhibited acquired ichthyosis. The clinical and histopathologic findings were recorded, and immunophenotyping, T-cell receptor (TCR), and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement were determined. Clinically, right axillary and bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were palpable. The cutaneous eruptions were multiple pinkish and yellow colored, up to thumb-sized nodules, some of which were ulcerated. Histologically, the right axillary lymph node showed proliferation of anaplastic large cells in the paracortical and sinusoidal areas. Both the lymph node and skin showed pleomorphic proliferation of lymphoid cells with a mixture of mononuclear cells having oval, embryo-shaped, reniform, and lobulated nuclei, binucleated Reed-Sternberg-like cells, and multinucleated cells, with giant anaplastic and wreath-shaped nuclei. Immunophenotyping of the neoplastic cells revealed that they were positive for CD30 (Ber-H2), CD15 (Leu-M1), CD45 (LCA), and CD45RO (UCHL-1). Southern blot analysis demonstrated clonal rearrangement of the TCR beta region. In contrast, no novel bands were detected with the immunoglobulin heavy chain JH probe. Several months after the detection of the axillary nodes, an ichthyosiform, scaly eruption developed over almost the entire body of the patient. Histologically, it showed orthokeratotic, slight hyperkeratosis of the epidermis without a granular layer or with only a single layer of cells in the granular layer. Several kinds of lymphoproliferative diseases are associated with acquired ichthyosis, including Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, and lymphomatoid papulosis. This is the second case report of acquired ichthyosis associated with ALCL. Although a common pathomechanism is suspected of underlying the development of acquired ichthyosis in these diseases, it is still unexplained.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Axilla
- Blotting, Southern
- Gene Rearrangement
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/genetics
- Genes, Immunoglobulin/genetics
- Humans
- Ichthyosis/genetics
- Ichthyosis/immunology
- Ichthyosis/pathology
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology
- Male
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Research Institute and Hematology and Clinical Research Institute, National Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of humans has been associated with the development of lymphoid malignancies mainly of B-cell lineage, although occasionally T-cell lymphomas have been reported. We describe here the characterization of a novel EBV-like virus (HVMNE) isolated from a simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I/II (STLV-I/II) seronegative pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry studies on the skin lesions demonstrated that the infiltrating cells were of the CD3+/CD8+ phenotype. Two primary transformed CD8+ T-cell lines were obtained from cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and skin, and, with time, both cell lines became interleukin-2–independent and acquired the constitutive activation of STAT proteins. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the DNA from the cell lines and tissues from the lymphomatous animal demonstrated the presence of a 536-bp DNA fragment that was 90% identical to EBV polymerase gene sequences, whereas the same DNA was consistently negative for STLV-I/II sequences. Electron microscopy performed on both cell lines, after sodium butyrate treatment, showed the presence of a herpes-like virus that was designated HVMNE according to the existing nomenclature. In situ hybridization studies using EBV Epstein-Barr viral-encoded RNA probes showed viral RNA expression in both CD8+ T-cell lines as well as in the infiltrating CD8+ T cells of skin-tissue biopsies. Phylogenetic analysis of a 465-bp fragment from the polymerase gene of HVMNE placed this virus within theLymphocryptovirus genus and demonstrated that HVMNEis a distinct virus, clearly related to human EBV and other EBV-like herpesviruses found in nonhuman primates.
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Abstract
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of humans has been associated with the development of lymphoid malignancies mainly of B-cell lineage, although occasionally T-cell lymphomas have been reported. We describe here the characterization of a novel EBV-like virus (HVMNE) isolated from a simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I/II (STLV-I/II) seronegative pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry studies on the skin lesions demonstrated that the infiltrating cells were of the CD3+/CD8+ phenotype. Two primary transformed CD8+ T-cell lines were obtained from cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and skin, and, with time, both cell lines became interleukin-2–independent and acquired the constitutive activation of STAT proteins. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the DNA from the cell lines and tissues from the lymphomatous animal demonstrated the presence of a 536-bp DNA fragment that was 90% identical to EBV polymerase gene sequences, whereas the same DNA was consistently negative for STLV-I/II sequences. Electron microscopy performed on both cell lines, after sodium butyrate treatment, showed the presence of a herpes-like virus that was designated HVMNE according to the existing nomenclature. In situ hybridization studies using EBV Epstein-Barr viral-encoded RNA probes showed viral RNA expression in both CD8+ T-cell lines as well as in the infiltrating CD8+ T cells of skin-tissue biopsies. Phylogenetic analysis of a 465-bp fragment from the polymerase gene of HVMNE placed this virus within theLymphocryptovirus genus and demonstrated that HVMNEis a distinct virus, clearly related to human EBV and other EBV-like herpesviruses found in nonhuman primates.
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Wickenhauser C, Borchmann P, Diehl V, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Development of IgG lambda multiple myeloma in a patient with cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic T-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 1999; 35:201-6. [PMID: 10512178 DOI: 10.3109/10428199909145720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with an epidermotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma which transformed into an anaplastic cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoma. Repeated relapses required prolonged systemic PUVA therapy. Two years after diagnosis, the patient had several episodes of infections of the respiratory tract. Serum electrophoresis now revealed significantly reduced polyclonal immunglobulin production and an additional band in the gamma fraction corresponding to IgG lambda monoclonal gammopathy. Thereafter, the patient suffered a pathologic fracture of the dorsolateral 5th rib on the right side and an accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (IgG lambda). Accordingly, 6 cycles of cytoreductive chemotherapy (alkeran, decortin) were given. After one year of steady state disease the patient lost weight and bone pain increased while only a few papular eruptions were detectable. Radiography showed multiple small osteolytic areas. A few months later he died with signs of bone marrow insufficiency.
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Abstract
Both the REAL and EORTC classification schemes classify lymphomas according to their cell of origin. These schemata also incorporate clinical features that allow for the distinction of some of these disorders. The EORTC classification scheme for primary cutaneous tumors uses terminology similar to that of the REAL classification and should allow for the recognition of teleologically similar tumors in cutaneous and extracutaneous sites. Future investigations will no doubt yield information regarding the true nature of the low-grade B-cell lymphomas of the skin and sort out the ever-increasing number of tumors found to express CD30. Most important, the continued expansion of knowledge regarding cutaneous lymphomas should enhance the ability of physicians to predict prognosis and to arrive at the most effective therapy for patients with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Duncan
- Dermatopathology Unit, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
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Cerroni L, Kerl H. Diagnostic immunohistology: cutaneous lymphomas and pseudolymphomas. SEMINARS IN CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY 1999; 18:64-70. [PMID: 10188844 DOI: 10.1016/s1085-5629(99)80010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders represents one of the most vexing problems in dermatology and dermatopathology. Immunohistochemical and molecular techniques developed during the last 3 decades have added new criteria for the differentiation of these diseases. In this review, the main criteria for differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders of the skin, with special emphasis on immunohistochemical features detectable in routinely fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, are summarized. When classifying cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders, it is crucial to remember that a correct diagnosis can only be reached when clinical data is integrated with histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cerroni
- Department of Dermatology, University of Graz, Austria
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Magaña M, Sangüeza P, Gil-Beristain J, Sánchez-Sosa S, Salgado A, Ramón G, Sangüeza OP. Angiocentric cutaneous T-cell lymphoma of childhood (hydroa-like lymphoma): a distinctive type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38:574-9. [PMID: 9580256 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiocentric cutaneous T-cell lymphomas of childhood (ACTCLC) are an unusual type of T-cell lymphomas that present with a vesiculopapular eruption mimicking hydroa vacciniforme. Most patients have been children from Asia and Latin America. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe four cases of ACTCLC; to discuss its clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features; to consider its possible relationship to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); and to clarify its classification within the spectrum of angiocentric lymphomas. METHODS The clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of four cases of ACTCLC were identified and analyzed. In addition in situ hybridization for EBV was performed in all cases. RESULTS The clinical features were similar to previous cases reported under different names, such as hydroa-like lymphomas, edematous, scarring vasculitic panniculitis. Histologically, all showed angiocentric infiltrates composed mainly of T cells. In all cases there were variable numbers of CD30+ cells. The EBV was present in three of the cases. CONCLUSION ACTCLC is a distinct type of T-cell lymphoma. It affects mainly children, and the EBV appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Magaña
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital General de Mexico/University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF
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