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Afridi F, Ruben GD, Oristian E. Case of Primary Breast and Ipsilateral Axillary T-Cell Lymphoma: a Rare Occurrence. Case Rep Surg 2020; 2020:6927835. [PMID: 33029443 PMCID: PMC7530482 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6927835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant lymphomas of the breast are rare and can be primary or secondary. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma involving the breast is even rarer comprising 0.04-0.5% of all breast malignancies (Takemura). The incidence is even lower for T-cell lymphomas compared with B-cell subtype. We report the rare incidence of primary T-cell lymphoma involving both breast and ipsilateral axilla. CASE This is the case of an 80-year-old female who initially presented with asymmetry of her right breast. Initial mammograms were inconclusive. MRI could not be performed due to the patient's severe claustrophobia. The patient was then lost to follow-up but re-presented with a new palpable density in the same breast. Subsequent mammogram showed a suspicious lesion with suspicious right axillary lymphadenopathy. Core biopsy was consistent with T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder involving both the breast and the axilla. She was then referred to medical oncology for management. CONCLUSION Although rare, lymphoproliferative disorders of the breast can be encountered during workup for suspicious breast lesions. It is imperative that the surgeon is aware of this rare diagnosis to facilitate appropriate therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Afridi
- George Washington University Hospital Program, 900 23rd Street NW, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Garry D. Ruben
- Chief Department of General Surgery, Holy Cross Hospital, 1500 Forrest Glen Rd. Silver Spring MD 20910, USA
| | - Eric Oristian
- Chief Department of Breast Surgery, Holy Cross Hospital, 1500 Forrest Glen Rd. Silver Spring MD 20910, USA
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2
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Tejera Hernández AA, Gómez Ramírez J, Rivas Fidalgo S, Sánchez de Molina Ramperez ML, Díaz Miguel M. Breast necrosis in a patient with primary T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cir Esp 2018; 96:387-390. [PMID: 29452969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alicia Tejera Hernández
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España.
| | - Joaquín Gómez Ramírez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España
| | - Sonia Rivas Fidalgo
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España
| | | | - Mariano Díaz Miguel
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España
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3
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Mehta DP, Chirmade P, Anand AS, Parikh S. Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of the Breast: A Rare Case and Review of Literature. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND PAEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF INDIAN SOCIETY OF MEDICAL & PAEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2017; 38:244-247. [PMID: 28900344 PMCID: PMC5582573 DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_112_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pushpak Chirmade
- Department of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Asha S Anand
- Department of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonia Parikh
- Department of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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4
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Mohamed KE, Ali RA. Primary Breast Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Clin Pract 2017; 7:939. [PMID: 28839526 PMCID: PMC5543825 DOI: 10.4081/cp.2017.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) represents 0.04-0.5% of all malignant breast tumors, <1% of all patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 1.7-2.2% of all patients with extra nodal lymphomas. Despite the high prevalence of breast cancer, primary breast lymphoma is very rare. We report a rare case of PBL, successfully treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This is the first case of PBL to be reported from Sudan to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rusha A.E. Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
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5
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A Case of Primary Breast Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Chemotherapy Followed by Elective Field Radiation Therapy: A Brief Treatment Pattern Review from a Radiation Oncologist's Point of View. Case Rep Oncol Med 2015; 2015:907978. [PMID: 26246925 PMCID: PMC4515502 DOI: 10.1155/2015/907978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We here report a case of primary breast lymphoma (PBL). A 44-year-old woman presented with a painless mass in the right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology and excisional biopsy were performed. Excisional biopsy revealed low grade lymphoma, which was subsequently confirmed with histopathology and diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A chest computed tomography scan revealed a 3.5 cm sized breast mass with skin thickening and a small sized lymphadenopathy in the ipsilateral axilla. Radiation therapy including the right whole breast and ipsilateral axilla and supraclavicular lymph node was performed after the patient received four courses of R-CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone plus rituximab) chemotherapy. At the follow-up period of 42 months, the patient is surviving with no evidence of disease. No morbidities occurred in this patient during the follow-up period. We also briefly review the current practice pattern in PBL patients with DLBCL.
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7
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Park YH, Kim SH, Choi SJ, Ryoo BY, Kang YK, Lee SS. Primary Malignant Lymphoma of the Breast: Clinicopathological Study of Nine Cases. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:327-30. [PMID: 15101719 DOI: 10.1080/10428190310001597892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary lymphoma of the breast is rare, accounting for 1.7-2.2% of extranodal lymphomas and 0.38-0.7% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of patients with primary breast lymphomas (PBL). We conducted a retrospective review of the NHL cases diagnosed at Korea Cancer Center Hospital between 1989 and 2002. Nine (0.9%) of the 1,050 cases fulfilled the criteria for PBL. All patients were women (median age, 45 years) and usually presented with breast masses that had recently become enlarged. Six cases involved the breast alone (stage IE), whereas 3 cases also involved the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes (stage IIE). Histopathologic studies revealed a diffuse large B cell lymphoma in 7 cases, marginal zone B cell lymphoma in 1 case, and small lymphocytic lymphoma in 1 case. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a B-cell phenotype in all cases. There was no uniform approach to the treatment of PBL. Modified radical mastectomy and chemotherapy was performed in 4 cases, modified radical mastectomy and chemoradiotherapy was performed in 1 case, chemoradiotherapy alone, modified radical mastectomy alone, chemotherapy alone, and radiotherapy alone were performed in 1 case each. All cases achieved complete remission, but median overall survival was 12 months, showing very poor prognosis irrespective of the type of treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul 139-706, Korea
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8
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Lin Y, Guo XM, Shen KW, Wang JL, Jiang GL. Primary breast lymphoma: Long-term treatment outcomeand prognosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 47:2102-9. [PMID: 17071483 DOI: 10.1080/10428190600679064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Between 1980 and 2002, 32 cases diagnosed as primary breast lymphoma were reviewed. Among them, 18 patients were stage I and 14 were stage II. Four patients underwent mastectomy and the remainder underwent lumpectomy. Twenty-eight patients received postoperative chemotherapy and 20 patients received postoperative radiotherapy. After a median follow-up of 76 (range 25 - 245) months, the 5-year overall survival and relapse-free survival was 69.3% and 47.7%, respectively. Ann Arbor stage, International Prognostic Index (IPI) excluding stage, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and radiotherapy were significant factors for relapse-free survival. We conclude that younger age and elevated LDH were apparent characters of the patients in our study. IPI excluding stage was a valuable prognostic factor. Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy appeared to be important for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology. Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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9
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Broco S, Bonito N, Jacinto P, Sousa G, Gervásio H. Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma and invasive ductal carcinoma in the same breast: a rare case report. Clin Transl Oncol 2009; 11:186-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-009-0337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Validire P, Capovilla M, Asselain B, Kirova Y, Goudefroye R, Plancher C, Fourquet A, Zanni M, Gaulard P, Vincent-Salomon A, Decaudin D. Primary breast non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a large single center study of initial characteristics, natural history, and prognostic factors. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:133-9. [PMID: 19199367 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to define the initial pathological and clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of patients with primary breast malignant lymphoma (PBL). All patients treated at the Institut Curie for lymphoma with breast involvement were reviewed. A pathological review of all cases was performed. Forty-five cases were selected in whom 38 cases were of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A complete analysis was then performed on these 38 patients. Twenty out of 28 cases (71%) of cases were Bcl-2 positive and four out of 28 (14%) had a CD10 positive staining. Peculiar initial characteristics showed nodal involvement in 58% of the cases and two or more extra-nodal sites in 31% of the cases. Among the 37 patients for whom all data were available, and according to the International Prognostic Index, 19 patients (51%) were classified in the low-risk group, 5 cases (14%) in the low- to intermediate-risk group, 6 patients (16%) in the intermediate- to high-risk group, and 7 (19%) case in the high-risk group. At the end of initial therapy, 34 patients (89%) achieved CR. With a median follow-up of 96 months, 18 patients (47%) relapsed of whom 3 had a relapse in central nervous system site. The 5-year disease-free (DFS) and overall survivals (OS) were 54% and 61%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the presence of 2 or more extranodal sites was prognostic for lower DFS (P = 0.0008) and OS (P = 0.09), and a performance status > or = 1 was prognostic for lower OS (P = 0.005). Finally, when our series was compared with a historical series of 111 patients with aggressive nodal lymphomas, we observed significant lower survival rates in localized PBL (P < 0.03). Initial breast localization has a pejorative impact on the outcome of patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), with an impressive adverse influence of additional extranodal sites. These results suggest a specific management of NHL with breast involvement.
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11
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Nair RR, Qubaiah O, Grosso LE, Varvares MA, Kudva GC. Surgery for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:2206-8. [PMID: 18728963 DOI: 10.1080/10428190802322935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast as third malignancy in one patient. Am J Med Sci 2008; 336:434-6. [PMID: 19011403 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e31815fa544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast as third metachronous neoplasm in the same patient. Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast occurred about 2 years after endometrial cancer and 1 year after bladder cancer. The patient underwent quadrantectomy with level I-II axillary lymph nodes dissection plus rituximab-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone chemotherapy. Patient's health status gradually got worse and 11 months after surgery the patient died.
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13
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Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the breast: eight-year follow-up experience. Int J Hematol 2008; 87:491-497. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Jeanneret-Sozzi W, Taghian A, Epelbaum R, Poortmans P, Zwahlen D, Amsler B, Villette S, Belkacémi Y, Nguyen T, Scalliet P, Maingon P, Gutiérrez C, Gastelblum P, Krengli M, Raad RA, Ozsahin M, Mirimanoff RO. Primary breast lymphoma: patient profile, outcome and prognostic factors. A multicentre Rare Cancer Network study. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:86. [PMID: 18380889 PMCID: PMC2330152 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To asses the clinical profile, treatment outcome and prognostic factors in primary breast lymphoma (PBL). Methods Between 1970 and 2000, 84 consecutive patients with PBL were treated in 20 institutions of the Rare Cancer Network. Forty-six patients had Ann Arbor stage IE, 33 stage IIE, 1 stage IIIE, 2 stage IVE and 2 an unknown stage. Twenty-one underwent a mastectomy, 39 conservative surgery and 23 biopsy; 51 received radiotherapy (RT) with (n = 37) or without (n = 14) chemotherapy. Median RT dose was 40 Gy (range 12–55 Gy). Results Ten (12%) patients progressed locally and 43 (55%) had a systemic relapse. Central nervous system (CNS) was the site of relapse in 12 (14%) cases. The 5-yr overall survival, lymphoma-specific survival, disease-free survival and local control rates were 53%, 59%, 41% and 87% respectively. In the univariate analyses, favorable prognostic factors were early stage, conservative surgery, RT administration and combined modality treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that early stage and the use of RT were favorable prognostic factors. Conclusion The outcome of PBL is fair. Local control is excellent with RT or combined modality treatment but systemic relapses, including that in the CNS, occurs frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Jeanneret-Sozzi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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Ryan G, Martinelli G, Kuper-Hommel M, Tsang R, Pruneri G, Yuen K, Roos D, Lennard A, Devizzi L, Crabb S, Hossfeld D, Pratt G, Dell'Olio M, Choo SP, Bociek RG, Radford J, Lade S, Gianni AM, Zucca E, Cavalli F, Seymour JF. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the breast: prognostic factors and outcomes of a study by the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. Ann Oncol 2007; 19:233-41. [PMID: 17932394 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of breast is rare. We aimed to define clinical features, prognostic factors, patterns of failure, and treatment outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective international study of 204 eligible patients presenting to the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-affiliated institutions from 1980 to 2003. RESULTS Median age was 64 years, with 95% of patients presenting with unilateral disease. Median overall survival (OS) was 8.0 years, and median progression-free survival 5.5 years. In multifactor analysis, favourable International Prognostic Index score, anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT) were significantly associated with longer OS (each P < or = 0.03). There was no benefit from mastectomy, as opposed to biopsy or lumpectomy only. At a median follow-up time of 5.5 years, 37% of patients had progressed--16% in the same or contralateral breast, 5% in the central nervous system, and 14% in other extranodal sites. CONCLUSIONS The combination of limited surgery, anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, and involved-field RT produced the best outcome in the pre-rituximab era. A prospective trial on the basis of these results should be pursued to confirm these observations and to determine whether the impact of rituximab on the patterns of relapse and outcome parallels that of DLBCL presenting at other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ryan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Choo SP, Lim ST, Wong EH, Tao M. Breast Lymphoma: Favorable Prognosis after Treatment with Standard Combination Chemotherapy. Oncol Res Treat 2006; 29:14-8. [PMID: 16514249 DOI: 10.1159/000090009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper is to determine the clinicopathological features and outcome of patients with breast lymphoma seen at a single institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS We have reviewed data on 14 patients with breast lymphoma seen at our institution from 1990 to 2003. RESULTS All patients were female, with a median age of 47.6 years. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was observed in 9 cases, while follicular, Burkitt's, small lymphocytic, MALT and T-cell lymphoma were observed in 1 case each. 5 patients (35.7%) had stage IE disease, 6 patients (42.9%) had stage IIE disease and 3 patients (21.4%) had stage IV disease. Standard CHOP with or without rituximab was given to all patients with aggressive breast lymphoma (n = 10), while 1 patient with Burkitt's lymphoma received a CHOP-based regimen. The 3-year actuarial survival estimate among all 11 patients with aggressive breast lymphoma was 73%. Among those with localized disease, the estimated 3-year survival was 90%. The actuarial 3-year overall survival (OS) estimate for the entire cohort of 14 patients was 76.9%. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that breast lymphoma is not associated with an inferior outcome when treated with standard CHOP-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Pin Choo
- Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore
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17
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Ryan GF, Roos DR, Seymour JF. Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Breast: Retrospective Analysis of Prognosis and Patterns of Failure in Two Australian Centers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 6:337-41. [PMID: 16507213 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2006.n.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The breast is an uncommon site of presentation for primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with prognosis and patterns of relapse still not clearly defined. A retrospective analysis of 21 patients presenting to 2 Australian centers during a 20-year period is presented. All patients were women and had a median age of 62 years. Fifteen patients (71%) had localized disease (12 unilateral and 3 bilateral), and 6 (29%) had regional lymph-node involvement. Histology was predominantly intermediate grade, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) in 16 cases (76%). The most common treatment program was partial mastectomy followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy (n = 12). Complete response (CR) to treatment was exhibited in 19 patients (90%), 11 of whom subsequently experienced relapse. Including the 2 patients who failed to exhibit an initial CR, the median time to disease progression was 23.4 months (range, 0-143 months), with a 5-year disease-free survival rate of 38% (+/- 12%). The actuarial median survival of all patients was 3.8 years, with bilateral breast involvement at presentation the only significant prognostic factor. The contralateral breast was the site of initial relapse in 3 patients (17%), all of whom subsequently died of disease. The actuarial rate of central nervous system (CNS) recurrence at 8 years was 39% (+/- 14%), occurring only in patients with diffuse large-cell histology. Our analysis suggests that DLBL presenting in the breast has a poor prognosis and characteristic patterns of failure. Targeted strategies such as CNS prophylaxis and contralateral breast irradiation might therefore improve prognosis and should be prospectively studied.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/mortality
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/secondary
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Treatment Failure
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail F Ryan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
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18
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Avilés A, Delgado S, Nambo MJ, Neri N, Murillo E, Cleto S. Primary Breast Lymphoma: Results of a Controlled Clinical Trial. Oncology 2005; 69:256-60. [PMID: 16166814 DOI: 10.1159/000088333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and toxicity of the most employed therapeutic approaches in the treatment of primary breast lymphoma (PBL). METHODS Ninety-six patients with PBL in the early stage (I or II) were enrolled to receive radiotherapy (45 Gy); chemotherapy (six cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP), every 21 days), or combined therapy. RESULTS Complete response was achieved in 20 of 30 patients treated with radiotherapy, 19 of 32 who were treated with chemotherapy and 30 of 34 in the combined arm (p<0.01). Actuarial curves at 10 years showed that event-free survival was 50, 57 and 83%, respectively (p<0.01). Actuarial curves for overall survival were 50, 50 and 76% (p<0.01), respectively. The most common site of relapse was the central nervous system. Acute toxicity was mild. Until now, no second neoplasm or acute leukemia has been observed. CONCLUSIONS In our study combined therapy is the best treatment in this special setting of patients; with improvement in event-free survival and overall survival without acute or severe late side effects. Prophylaxis to the central nervous system will be considered in the initial treatment to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Avilés
- Oncology Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico, Mexico.
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Fruchart C, Denoux Y, Chasle J, Peny AM, Boute V, Ollivier JM, Genot JY, Michels JJ. High Grade Primary Breast Lymphoma: is it a Different Clinical Entity? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 93:191-8. [PMID: 16172797 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-005-5088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary lymphoma of the breast (PBL) is a rare neoplasm, its outcome remains unclear compared to other lymphomas. We performed a retrospective study of 19 cases of high grade PBL. There were 17 Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 2 follicular and diffuse grade 3 lymphomas. Four patients were treated with local treatment only, 15 received chemotherapy including 11 treated with CHOP or ACVBP regimens followed by involved field radiotherapy. The actuarial survival for the whole population was 38%. Three of the 4 patients treated only with a local treatment died of their lymphoma. Three patients progressed on therapy and 5 relapsed in the first year of follow-up including 2 central nervous system recurrences. Among the 11 patients treated with chemotherapy, 2 died of their lymphoma. The overall survival of this subgroup was 73% (median follow-up of 57 months). We observed, like others in the literature, a better prognosis for lymphomas co-expressing Bcl6 and CD 10. The treatment should be based on the same modalities, but including a CNS prophylaxis even if poor prognosis factors are lacking. A radical mastectomy increases the risk of treatment failure and has to be avoided.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- France/epidemiology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/mortality
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Middle Aged
- Neprilysin/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
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Abstract
Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare condition, accounting for only 0.04 to 0.5% of breast malignancies and less than 2% of extranodal lymphomas. Clinical presentation and imaging may suggest a benign condition. Reports of treatment vary widely. Surgical therapy has been reported to include only biopsy or extend to partial mastectomy, total mastectomy, or even radical mastectomy. Chemotherapy with various agents is often used. Radiotherapy has been used in the adjuvant setting or as primary local therapy. Immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy have shown some promise in other lymphomas and may be useful here as well. There is no standard or consensus of treatment for PBL. This report describes a case of multifocal PBL in a 45-year-old female and discusses the physical findings, diagnosis, and treatment options for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Liu MT, Hsieh CY, Wang AY, Pi CP, Chang TH, Huang CC, Huang CY. Primary breast lymphoma: a pooled analysis of prognostic factors and survival in 93 cases. Ann Saudi Med 2005; 25:288-93. [PMID: 16212120 PMCID: PMC6148022 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2005.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary breast lymphoma is a rare disease. The small number of patients and the paucity of data make large-series studies difficult. We conducted a pooled analysis to evaluate the treatment outcome and prognostic factors in patients with primary breast lymphoma. METHODS In a search of PUBMED and MEDLINE we found 7 observational studies with 93 patientsthatwere eligible for inclusion. Treatments included single therapy or combined surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We analyzed the correlation between treatment protocols, tumor relapse and survival. Histopathology and cancer stage were analyzed to evaluate their significance in treatment outcome. RESULTS All 93 patients were female, with a mean age of 57 years. The histopathology of 63 patients (68%) was diffuse large cell lymphoma. According to Ann Arbor classification, 57% were stage I, 23% were stage II, 4% were stage III, and 16% were stage IV. Thirteen percent received surgery alone, 27% received chemotherapy alone, 7% received radiotherapy alone, 10% received surgery and chemotherapy, 10% received surgery and radiotherapy, 22% received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and 11% received surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. With a median follow-up duration of 34 months (mean, 53 months), 48% had relapse of disease, 50% had no relapse, while 2% had disease progression. The mean time to first tumor relapse after treatment was 20 months. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 70% and 56%, respectively. Radiotherapy was a significant prognostic factor predicting tumor relapse (P=0.044). Tumor stage was a significant prognostic factor affecting overall survival, disease-free survival and disease-specific survival (P=0.0231, 0.0015, 0.0124, respectively). CONCLUSION With a 3-year overall survival rate of 70%, the high relapse rate of 48% is a cause for concern. Patients who received chemotherapy and radiotherapy had better survival outcome and a lower relapse rate. We suggestthat chemotherapy and radiotherapy be the initial treatment for patients with primary breast lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Burkitt Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Burkitt Lymphoma/epidemiology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/therapy
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphoma/classification
- Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Lymphoma/therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/therapy
- Lymphoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Follicular/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Survival Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Tai Liu
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Changua , Taiwan, ROC.
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Vignot S, Ledoussal V, Nodiot P, Bourguignat A, Janvier M, Mounier N, Chérel P, Floiras JL, Turpin F. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Breast: A Report of 19 Cases and a Review of the Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 6:37-42. [PMID: 15989705 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2005.n.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast represents 0.04%-0.50% of malignant lesions of the mammary gland. In this article, we report a single institution's experience with this rare disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1982 and 1997, 19 patients with breast lymphoma were diagnosed, treated, and followed at this institution. RESULTS There were 18 female patients and 1 male patient. All but one were cases of aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Ann Arbor stages were IE (n=5), IIE (n=9), IIIE (n=2), and IV (n=3). International Prognosis Index scores were 0 (n=2), 1 (n=8), 2 (n=7), and 3 (n=2). According to the Wiseman and Liao classification established in 1972, 11 cases were primary lymphomas of the breast, and 8 cases were secondary involvement of the breast. Median survival time was 21.5 months (range, 5.1-114.7 months). The 5-year overall survival was 29%. Median event-free survival time was 8.3 months. The clinical, radiologic, and histologic patterns of presentation match previously published data, even if the response rates and the survival times seem disappointing, probably because of the initial treatment by tumorectomy or mastectomy for some patients. CONCLUSIONS Systemic chemotherapy should be the mainstay of treatment. Based on our experience and a review of the literature, the use of Wiseman and Liao's classification is questionable. In fact, it fails to detect whether some lymphomas of the breast present a specific natural history and therefore require specific management. New clinical and histologic criteria are to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphan Vignot
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer René Huguenin, St Cloud, France
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24
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Pruthi S, Stafyla VK, Phillips SW, Porrata LF, Reynolds CA. Primary mammary (non-Hodgkin) lymphoma presenting as locally advanced breast cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2004; 79:1310-4. [PMID: 15473415 DOI: 10.4065/79.10.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary mammary lymphoma is a rare tumor that presents commonly as a large mass with no specific mammographic appearance and can be confused with poorly differentiated carcinoma on frozen section. With appropriate treatment, this breast malignancy has a relatively good prognosis. We report a case of primary mammary non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a 74-year-old woman that originally presented as locally advanced breast cancer with secondary inflammatory skin changes. Clinical findings, diagnostic work-up, and follow-up are provided along with a review of the literature on primary mammary lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Pruthi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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25
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Pasta V, Midulla C, Monti M, Martelli M, Torcasio A, Stella S. Unusual Breast Tumors: Primary Lymphoma. A Case Report. TUMORI JOURNAL 2004; 90:507-9. [PMID: 15656339 DOI: 10.1177/030089160409000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An 82-year-old woman presented with a right breast lump with erythematous reaction of the overlying skin and corresponding lymph nodes. Cytological examination of the breast lesion and lymph nodes suggested a lymphoid proliferation. Frozen section revealed carcinoma with lymphoid stroma. Simple mastectomy was performed because of the extent of the lesion. Histological diagnosis was non-Hodgkin type B large-cell lymphoma. Primary breast lymphomas behave similarly to lymphomas of similar histologic types occurring in other sites. The authors illustrate the diagnostic difficulties and the usefulness of complementary techniques in the diagnosis of an unusual breast mass.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/surgery
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pasta
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Rome La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
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Giron GL, Hamlin PA, Brogi E, Mendez JE, Sclafani L. Primary Lymphoma of the Breast: A Case of Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma. Am Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1177/000313480407000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A case of primary marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in an elderly female patient is presented. Primary breast lymphomas are rare, comprising less than 1 per cent of all breast malignancies. These tumors have no clinical, pathologic, or radiologic pathognomonic features to distinguish them from breast adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis is usually made with an excisional biopsy, and more extensive surgery should be avoided. Delivery of radiation therapy and chemotherapy is tailored according to the histologic grade, stage of disease, and overall patient condition. This report summarizes the current knowledge reflected in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys L. Giron
- Breast Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul A. Hamlin
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Edi Brogi
- Breast Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jane E. Mendez
- Breast Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Sclafani
- Breast Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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González-Hinojosa J, Rodríguez-Rodrí J, Jiménez-Sánchez F, Puig A, Castañeda A, Díaz J. Linfoma no hodgkiniano primario de mama. Presentación inusual. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-573x(04)77330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Domchek SM, Hecht JL, Fleming MD, Pinkus GS, Canellos GP. Lymphomas of the breast: primary and secondary involvement. Cancer 2002; 94:6-13. [PMID: 11815954 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of the breast by lymphoma is a rare form of extralymph node lymphoma and represents either primary disease or systemic involvement. The authors hypothesized that screening mammography may influence the detection of lymphomatous involvement of the breast. METHODS All patients (n = 81 patients) who were diagnosed with lymphomatous involvement of the breast at the study institution between 1988 and 1999 were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS Clinical information was available for 73 patients who could be classified into three major groups according to their diagnosis: primary breast lymphoma (PBL) (44%), breast involvement from disseminated disease at the time of initial diagnosis (29%), and recurrence of preexisting lymphoma to the breast (27%). The majority of PBL were of intermediate or high grade, and the majority of disseminated lymphomas involving the breast were of low grade. Lymphomatous recurrence to the breast was slightly more likely to be of intermediate grade rather than low grade. In 91% of patients, the diagnosis of lymphoma was made after the evaluation of a palpable mass. All patients who were identified after the evaluation of an abnormal screening mammogram (9%) had low-grade lymphomas. Of the 32 patients with PBL, screening mammography discovered only 1. Nineteen percent of patients with PBL also had a history of an autoimmune disorder. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that screening mammography has not altered substantially the detection of breast lymphoma. The clinical outcome of patients with breast lymphoma is dependent on histology and appears to parallel that of patients with lymphoma of similar histology involving other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Domchek
- Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Kersgard C, Osswald MB. Primary breast lymphoma and bone marrow transplantation. Am J Clin Oncol 2001; 24:320-1. [PMID: 11404511 DOI: 10.1097/00000421-200106000-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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