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Li S, Xiong X, Harville E, Zhang T, Sun D, Fernandez C, Krousel-Wood M, Chen W, Whelton PK. Childhood Risk Factors and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:1206-11. [PMID: 27251339 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) causes increased risk of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Identification of risk factors for PIH in early life is central to the development of prevention strategies. METHODS A cohort of 703 women aged 25.5-51.3 years from the Bogalusa Heart Study were included. PIH were defined as self-reported hypertension during pregnancy and a blood pressure level <140/90mm Hg without antihypertensive medication (n = 131) at the subsequent examinations. Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides measured during childhood (4-17 years) were considered. General linear models were used to examine differences in childhood between those who did and those who did not develop PIH. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for PIH associated with childhood risk factors. RESULTS Compared to women who did not develop PIH, those who developed PIH had higher BMI (20.2 vs. 19.2kg/m(2), P = 0.0002) and systolic blood pressure (104.1 vs. 103.3mm Hg, P = 0.008) in childhood. After adjustment for other variables, childhood BMI was the only risk factor associated with PIH, with each standard deviation increase in childhood BMI being associated with an odds ratio of 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.68) for PIH. The odds of PIH increased significantly as childhood BMI increased from the bottom quartile to the top quartile (P for trend = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Elevated childhood BMI is a significant risk factor for PIH in adulthood, which underscores the importance of body weight control in childhood for prevention of PIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA;
| | - Xu Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Emily Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Department of Biostatistics, Shandong University School of Public Health, Ji'nan, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Camilo Fernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Marie Krousel-Wood
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Paul K Whelton
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Groner JA, Huang H, Eastman N, Lewis L, Joshi MS, Schanbacher BL, Nicholson L, Bauer JA. Oxidative Stress in Youth and Adolescents With Elevated Body Mass Index Exposed to Secondhand Smoke. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:1622-7. [PMID: 26903500 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our objective was to investigate the relationships between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and oxidative stress in a group of youth and adolescents with elevated body mass index. METHODS Participants in this cross sectional study were healthy nonsmoking youth and adolescents ages 9 to 18 years old. Three-quarters of the participants were either overweight or obese. SHS exposure was determined by survey and hair nicotine level. Markers of oxidation were total antioxidant capacity and protein malondialdehyde adducts (MDA). RESULTS Ninety subjects were studied; adequate hair samples were available for 86. The mean hair nicotine level was 0.75ng/mg, the median was 0.58ng/mg and the range was 0.09-2.88ng/mg. There was a significant relationship between MDA and the three survey questions regarding smoke exposure ([mother smokes, r = 0.29, P = .006], [smoker lives in the home, r = 0.31, P = .004], and [number of smokers in the home, r = 0.36, P = .002]). There was a significant positive relationship between log-hair nicotine and MDA (Pearson r = 0.233, P = .031), which remained significant after controlling for age, sex, race, and method of insurance. No relationship was found between log-hair nicotine and total antioxidant capacity. However, there was a significant relationship between number of smokers in the home (r = 0.24, P = .042) and total antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a significant positive relationship hair nicotine level and MDA in a group of youth with a high proportion of overweight/obese subjects. IMPLICATIONS We have shown a significant relationship between objectively measured SHS exposure and one marker of oxidative stress in a sample of youth and adolescents with a high proportion of overweight/obese subjects, and who were nonsmokers with relatively low tobacco exposure. This finding remains significant after controlling for age, sex, race, and type of medical insurance. Since the cardiovascular effects of SHS exposure are related to oxidative stress, this finding adds to our knowledge that the sequence of deleterious effects of tobacco exposure on the cardiovascular system begins long before clinical disease is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Groner
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; American Academy of Pediatrics, Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, Elk Grove Village, IL;
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Luke Lewis
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mandar S Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Lisa Nicholson
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John A Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
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Li S, Chen W, Sun D, Fernandez C, Li J, Kelly T, He J, Krousel-Wood M, Whelton PK. Variability and rapid increase in body mass index during childhood are associated with adult obesity. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:1943-50. [PMID: 26452389 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) in childhood predicts obesity in adults, but it is unknown whether rapid increase and variability in BMI during childhood are independent predictors of adult obesity. METHODS The study cohort consisted of 1622 Bogalusa Heart Study participants (aged 20 to 51 years at follow-up) who had been screened at least four times during childhood (aged 4-19 years). BMI rate of change during childhood for each individual was assessed by mixed models; BMI residual standard deviation (RSD) during childhoodwas used as a measure of variability. The average follow-up period was 20.9 years. RESULTS One standard deviation increase in rate of change in BMI during childhood was associated with 1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-1.61] kg/m(2) increase in adult BMI and 2.98 (95% CI: 2.42-3.56) cm increase in adult waist circumference, independently of childhood mean BMI. Similarly, one standard deviation increase in RSD in BMI during childhood was associated with 0.46 (95% CI: 0.23-0.69) kg/m(2) increase in adult BMI and 1.42 (95% CI: 0.82-2.02) cm increase in adult waist circumference. Odds ratio for adult obesity progressively increased from the lowest to the highest quartile of BMI rate of change or RSD during childhood (P for trend < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS Rapid increase and greater variability in BMI during childhood appear to be independent risk factors for adult obesity. Our findings have implications for understanding body weight regulation and obesity development from childhood to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA,
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Camilo Fernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
| | - Tanika Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marie Krousel-Wood
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA and Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Paul K Whelton
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance are related to body fat in primary and secondary schoolchildren: the Ouro Preto study. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:433-40. [PMID: 23764679 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests that plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and insulin resistance are related to body fat (BF). We aimed to assess the relationship between RBP4 and insulin resistance with obesity in a mixed (skin color) cohort of the Brazilian population. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted in 227 schoolchildren aged 7-14 years. Schoolchildren with a high BF percentage (% BF, ≥ 30 for girls and ≥ 25 for boys) were identified as the obese group (n = 137), and those with lower values were identified as the non-obese group (n = 90). Percentage of body fat (% BF) was determined by tetrapolar bioimpedance (Quantum II, RJL System), RBP4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Immunology Consultants Laboratory), plasma fasting insulin by chemiluminescent immunoassay (Access(®) Immunoassay System) and insulin resistance by the homeostasis model insulin resistance (IR(HOMA)) index. Serum lipid profile and arterial blood pressure were evaluated. RESULTS The significant independent risk factors associated with obesity were as follows: male sex, increased serum LDL-C, RBP4 and IR(HOMA). Among children with higher RBP4, the association with obesity increased significantly (from 3.1 to 8.5) in the presence of insulin resistance, when compared to higher RBP4 and non-insulin resistance. CONCLUSION IR(HOMA) and RBP4 showed significant associations with obesity and traditional CVD risk factors. They might therefore be used as a marker for CVD risk and have clinical implications in the development of comorbidities associated with obesity.
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Yen LL, Chiu CJ, Wu WC, Pan LY. Aggregation of health behaviors among fourth graders in northern Taiwan. J Adolesc Health 2006; 39:435-42. [PMID: 16919808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the aggregation of health behaviors among fourth graders in northern Taiwan. METHODS This study conducted an analysis of data collected from the 2001 Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution (CABLE) project, which included a sample of 2075 fourth grade students. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to investigate the aggregation patterns. RESULTS After factor analysis, we found that the 18 health behaviors could be grouped under five factors. These five factors were named: healthy behavior, rule-breaking behavior, substance use behavior, violent behavior, and pleasure-seeking behavior, according to the characteristics of the various health behaviors grouped under each of them. Each study subject was assigned points for each of these five factors and then cluster analysis was used to divide the subjects into four different clusters. The names of these clusters and the percentage of subjects within them were as follows: healthy group (43.47%), violent group (29.11%), pleasure-seeking group (22.55%), and rebellious group (4.87%). CONCLUSIONS A total of 56.53% of the study sample were grouped under unhealthy groups (violent group, pleasure-seeking group and rebellious group), which indicates that already more than half of the students had lifestyles that put their health at risk. It was suggested that health and educational organizations need to place importance on behavioral problems in children and adopt early prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Lan Yen
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Thompson AM, Humbert ML, Mirwald RL. A longitudinal study of the impact of childhood and adolescent physical activity experiences on adult physical activity perceptions and behaviors. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2003; 13:358-377. [PMID: 12669337 DOI: 10.1177/1049732302250332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe the influence of childhood and adolescent physical activity on adult physical activity attitudes and behaviors. They conducted one-on-one, semistructured, indepth interviews with 16 men and 15 women from a longitudinal growth and development study and a follow-up investigation 25 years later. They used thematic analyses to analyze the data. Three themes emerged from the men's interviews: significant others, size and maturation, and physical ability, with clear distinctions among the active, average, and inactive men. The themes transitions, body image concerns, and significant others influenced the active, average, and inactive women. Specific relationships, circumstances, and attitudes formed in childhood and adolescence influenced adult physical activity predilection and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Berenson
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane School of Public Health, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Radhakrishnamurthy B. Vascular biology, atherosclerosis, and implications for cardiac care. Curr Atheroscler Rep 1999; 1:136-41. [PMID: 11122702 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-999-0009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G S Berenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Lees NB, Tinsley BJ. Patterns of parental socialization of the preventive health behavior of young Mexican origin children. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0193-3973(99)80053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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