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Chu J, Wang K, Lu L, Zhao H, Hu J, Xiao W, Wu Q. Advances of Iron and Ferroptosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:1972-1985. [PMID: 39081773 PMCID: PMC11284386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus presents a significant threat to human health because it disrupts energy metabolism and gives rise to various complications, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Metabolic adaptations occurring in the kidney in response to diabetes contribute to the pathogenesis of DKD. Iron metabolism and ferroptosis, a recently defined form of cell death resulting from iron-dependent excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides, have emerged as crucial players in the progression of DKD. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the profound impact of adaptive and maladaptive responses regulating iron metabolism on the progression of kidney damage in diabetes. We summarize the current understanding of iron homeostasis and ferroptosis in DKD. Finally, we propose that precise manipulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis may serve as potential strategies for kidney management in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chu
- Department of Radiology, Center of Regenerative and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kewu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Center of Regenerative and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lulu Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Center of Regenerative and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jibo Hu
- Department of Radiology, Center of Regenerative and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Radiology, Center of Regenerative and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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Al Argan R, Alkhafaji D, Al Elq A, Albaker W, Elamin Y, Alwaheed A, Zeeshan M, AlElq Z, Alkhalifa M, Al Mansour R, Alghamdi S, Al Ghamdi A, Ismaeel F, Almarzouq A, Zainuddin F, AlSulaiman R. The association between serum ferritin and bilirubin with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Life 2023; 16:1670-1677. [PMID: 38406782 PMCID: PMC10893562 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence has shown an association between serum ferritin and bilirubin levels in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glycemic control. However, the evidence is scarce in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum ferritin and bilirubin levels with glycemic control in patients with T2DM. This was a cross-sectional study that involved 153 patients with T2DM recruited from outpatient diabetes clinics. Participants were categorized into two groups: well-controlled and uncontrolled T2DM, based on their glycemic status. We focused on comparing the iron profile and bilirubin levels between these two groups and examining the influence of antidiabetic medications on these parameters. A total of 153 patients with T2DM were included (58.2% women and 41.8% men). In both univariate and multivariate analyses, ferritin levels did not have a statistically significant association with glycemic control. However, patients with well-controlled T2DM had a significantly higher median level of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin than those with uncontrolled T2DM. Only direct bilirubin showed a statistically significant association with FBG less than 130 mg/dl and HbA1c level less than 7.0%. Ferritin level was not associated with glycemic control in patients with T2DM. On the other hand, direct bilirubin level was an independent predictor of better glycemic control. Monitoring direct bilirubin levels could aid in predicting glycemic control in T2DM and could be a potential target for developing antidiabetic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Al Argan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Alkhafaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Al Elq
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Elamin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Alwaheed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zeeshan
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab AlElq
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Alkhalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Al Mansour
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shada Alghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Al Ghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatema Ismaeel
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Almarzouq
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Zainuddin
- Department of Medical Allied Services, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem AlSulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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Miranda MA, Lawson HA. Ironing out the Details: Untangling Dietary Iron and Genetic Background in Diabetes. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1437. [PMID: 30301129 PMCID: PMC6213605 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for genetic risk factors in type-II diabetes has been hindered by a failure to consider dietary variables. Dietary nutrients impact metabolic disease risk and severity and are essential to maintaining metabolic health. Genetic variation between individuals confers differences in metabolism, which directly impacts response to diet. Most studies attempting to identify genetic risk factors in disease fail to incorporate dietary components, and thus are ill-equipped to capture the breadth of the genome's impact on metabolism. Understanding how genetic background interacts with nutrients holds the key to predicting and preventing metabolic diseases through the implementation of personalized nutrition. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis is associated with type-II diabetes, but the link between dietary iron and metabolic dysfunction is poorly defined. High iron burden in adipose tissue induces insulin resistance, but the mechanisms underlying adipose iron accumulation remain unknown. Hepcidin controls dietary iron absorption and distribution in metabolic tissues, but it is unknown whether genetic variation influencing hepcidin expression modifies susceptibility to dietary iron-induced insulin resistance. This review highlights discoveries concerning the axis of iron homeostasis and adipose function and suggests that genetic variation underlying dietary iron metabolism is an understudied component of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8232, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8232, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Thorarinsdottir EH, Arnardottir ES, Benediktsdottir B, Janson C, Olafsson I, Pack AI, Gislason T, Keenan BT. Serum ferritin and obstructive sleep apnea-epidemiological study. Sleep Breath 2017; 22:663-672. [PMID: 29224135 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-017-1598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ferritin is an intracellular iron storage protein and a marker of inflammation. Studies have shown that subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have higher levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, but little is known about the association between ferritin and OSA. The aims of the study were to evaluate serum ferritin (S-Ferritin) levels in OSA patients compared to levels in the general population and also examine the effect of obesity level and treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP) on S-Ferritin levels. METHODS The OSA subjects (n = 796) were part of the Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort. The control subjects (n = 637) were randomly chosen Icelanders who participated in an epidemiological study. Propensity score (PS) methodologies were employed to minimize selection bias and strengthen causal inferences when comparing non-randomized groups. S-Ferritin levels were measured and all participants answered the same detailed questionnaire about sleep and health. Only OSA patients underwent a sleep study and were re-invited for a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS S-Ferritin levels were significantly higher in OSA males than controls (213.3 vs. 197.3 μg/L, p = 0.007). However, after adjusting for confounders and using our PS methodology, no significant difference was found. S-Ferritin levels were not correlated with severity of OSA, obesity level, or clinical symptoms. Also, no significant change in S-Ferritin levels was found with 2 years of PAP treatment. CONCLUSIONS S-Ferritin levels are comparable in OSA patients and controls and do not change consistently with obesity level or PAP treatment in our sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin H Thorarinsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Sleep Department (E7), Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 108, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Erna S Arnardottir
- Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Sleep Department (E7), Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 108, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Sleep Department (E7), Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 108, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Allan I Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Division of Sleep Medicine/ Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. .,Sleep Department (E7), Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 108, Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Brendan T Keenan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Division of Sleep Medicine/ Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Basuli D, Stevens RG, Torti FM, Torti SV. Epidemiological associations between iron and cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:117. [PMID: 24904420 PMCID: PMC4033158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in iron homeostasis are linked to a broad spectrum of chronic conditions including cardiovascular, malignant, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disease. Evidence supporting this contention derives from a variety of analytical approaches, ranging from molecular to population-based studies. This review focuses on key epidemiological studies that assess the relationship between body iron status and chronic diseases, with particular emphasis on atherosclerosis ,metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Multiple surrogates have been used to measure body iron status, including serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, serum iron, and dietary iron intake. The lack of a uniform and standardized means of assessing body iron status has limited the precision of epidemiological associations. Intervention studies using depletion of iron to alter risk have been conducted. Genetic and molecular techniques have helped to explicate the biochemistry of iron metabolism at the molecular level. Plausible explanations for how iron contributes to the pathogenesis of these chronic diseases are beginning to be elucidated. Most evidence supports the hypothesis that excess iron contributes to chronic disease by fostering excess production of free radicals. Overall, epidemiological studies, reinforced by basic science experiments, provide a strong line of evidence supporting the association between iron and elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In this narrative review we attempt to condense the information from existing literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debargha Basuli
- Molecular Biology and Biophysicis, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
| | - Richard G Stevens
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
| | - Frank M Torti
- Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
| | - Suzy V Torti
- Molecular Biology and Biophysicis, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
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Veuthey T, Wessling-Resnick M. Pathophysiology of the Belgrade rat. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:82. [PMID: 24795636 PMCID: PMC4000996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Belgrade rat is an animal model of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) deficiency. This strain originates from an X-irradiation experiment first reported in 1966. Since then, the Belgrade rat’s pathophysiology has helped to reveal the importance of iron balance and the role of DMT1. This review discusses our current understanding of iron transport homeostasis and summarizes molecular details of DMT1 function. We describe how studies of the Belgrade rat have revealed key roles for DMT1 in iron distribution to red blood cells as well as duodenal iron absorption. The Belgrade rat’s pathology has extended our knowledge of hepatic iron handling, pulmonary and olfactory iron transport as well as brain iron uptake and renal iron handling. For example, relationships between iron and manganese metabolism have been discerned since both are essential metals transported by DMT1. Pathophysiologic features of the Belgrade rat provide us with a unique and interesting animal model to understand iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Veuthey
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA
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Jia X, Kim J, Veuthey T, Lee CH, Wessling-Resnick M. Glucose metabolism in the Belgrade rat, a model of iron-loading anemia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G1095-102. [PMID: 23599042 PMCID: PMC3680718 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00453.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The iron-diabetes hypothesis proposes an association between iron overload and glucose metabolism that is supported by a number of epidemiological studies. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis and iron-loading thalassemia supports this hypothesis. The Belgrade rat carries a mutation in the iron transporter divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) resulting in iron-loading anemia. In this study, we characterized the glycometabolic status of the Belgrade rat. Belgrade rats displayed normal glycemic control. Insulin signaling and secretion were not impaired, and pancreatic tissue did not incur damage despite high levels of nonheme iron. These findings suggest that loss of DMT1 protects against oxidative damage to the pancreas and helps to maintain insulin sensitivity despite iron overload. Belgrade rats had lower body weight but increased food consumption compared with heterozygous littermates. The unexpected energy balance was associated with increased urinary glucose output. Increased urinary excretion of electrolytes, including iron, was also observed. Histopathological evidence suggests that altered renal function is secondary to changes in kidney morphology, including glomerulosclerosis. Thus, loss of DMT1 appears to protect the pancreas from injury but damages the integrity of kidney structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Jia
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tania Veuthey
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bao W, Rong Y, Rong S, Liu L. Dietary iron intake, body iron stores, and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2012; 10:119. [PMID: 23046549 PMCID: PMC3520769 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess iron has been shown to induce diabetes in animal models. However, the results from human epidemiologic studies linking body iron stores and iron intake to the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are conflicting. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the available evidence for associations between iron intake, body iron stores, and the risk of T2DM. METHODS A systematic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to the end of 22 April 2012 was performed, and reference lists of retrieved articles were screened. Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility of inclusion and extracted the data. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS We reviewed 449 potentially relevant articles, and 11 prospective studies were included in the analysis. A meta-analysis of five studies gave a pooled RR for T2DM of 1.33 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.48; P<0.001) in individuals with the highest level of heme iron intake, compared with those with the lowest level. The pooled RR for T2DM for a daily increment of 1 mg of heme iron intake was 1.16 (1.09 to 1.23, P<0.001). Body iron stores, as measured by ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and the sTfR:ferritin ratio, were significantly associated with the risk of T2DM. The pooled RRs for T2DM in individuals with the highest versus the lowest intake of ferritin levels was 1.70 (1.27-2.27, P<0.001) before adjustment for inflammatory markers and 1.63 (1.03-2.56, P = 0.036) after adjustment. We did not find any significant association of dietary intakes of total iron, non-heme, or supplemental iron intake with T2DM risk. CONCLUSION Higher heme iron intake and increased body iron stores were significantly associated with a greater risk of T2DM. Dietary total iron, non-heme iron, or supplemental iron intakes were not significantly associated with T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P,R, China
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Rajpathak SN, Crandall JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Kabat GC, Rohan TE, Hu FB. The role of iron in type 2 diabetes in humans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1790:671-81. [PMID: 18501198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of micronutrients in the etiology of type 2 diabetes is not well established. Several lines of evidence suggest that iron play may a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Iron is a strong pro-oxidant and high body iron levels are associated with increased level of oxidative stress that may elevate the risk of type 2 diabetes. Several epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between high body iron stores, as measured by circulating ferritin level, and the risk of type 2 diabetes and of other insulin resistant states such as the metabolic syndrome, gestational diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome. In addition, increased dietary intake of iron, especially that of heme iron, is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in apparently healthy populations. Results from studies that have evaluated the association between genetic mutations related to iron metabolism have been inconsistent. Further, several clinical trials have suggested that phlebotomy induced reduction in body iron levels may improve insulin sensitivity in humans. However, no interventional studies have yet directly evaluated the effect of reducing iron intake or body iron levels on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Such studies are required to prove the causal relationship between moderate iron overload and diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil N Rajpathak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, NY 10461, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundararaman Swaminathan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., Slot 501, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Camaschella C, De Gobbi M, Roetto A. Hereditary hemochromatosis: progress and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-0734.2000.00022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Núñez G, Galán M, López R, Hurtado J. Eritropoyetina humana recombinante (rhuepo) en el tratamiento de la hemocromatosis primaria. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5705(01)70169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sampson MJ, Williams T, Heyburn PJ, Greenwood RH, Temple RC, Wimperis JZ, Jennings BA, Willis GA. Prevalence of HFE (hemochromatosis gene) mutations in unselected male patients with type 2 diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 2000; 135:170-3. [PMID: 10695662 DOI: 10.1067/mlc.2000.104464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To assess the prevalence of mutations in the HFE (hemochromatosis) gene in unselected male patients with type 2 diabetes, we examined 220 white men without known diabetes and 220 age-matched white men with type 2 diabetes for mutations in the HFE gene. Nucleotide 845 (C282Y) and 187(H63D) alleles were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with lymphocyte DNA. The PCR products were analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion. One of the 220 patients (0.45%) with diabetes was homozygous for the HFE 845A (C282Y) mutation and 25 (11.3%) were heterozygous for the same mutation, of whom 3 (1.3%) were compound heterozygotes also carrying the HFE 187G (H63D) mutation. These frequencies did not differ significantly from the control population without diabetes. There is no evidence that HFE mutations are found in excess in unselected male patients with type 2 diabetes, and there is no indication for a population-based search for an excess of these alleles in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Sampson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Norfolk and Norwich Healthcare NHS Trust, Norwich, England
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