Scheuermann's kyphosis:

Scheuermann's disease in a juvenile male from the late Roman necropolis of Torrenueva (3rd-4th century CE, Granada, Spain)

This study details a severe case of Scheuermann's disease (SD) in a well-preserved skeleton of a juvenile male (designated TOR302), dated to 3rd-4th century CE, from the late Roman necropolis of Torrenueva (Granada, Spain). Individual TOR302 shows an evident kyphotic curve in the thoraco-lumbar spine, which is characterised by: (i) vertebral bodies of thoracic vertebra T2, thoracic segment T4-T9, and thoraco-lumbar segment T12-L2 wedged at >5°; (ii) slight anterior extensions of the epiphyseal ring; (iii) Schmorl's nodes on the superior and/or inferior plates; and (iv) a Cobb angle of 75°, derived from thoracic segments T4-T9. In addition, TOR302 shows other skeletal malformations as the secondary results of abnormal growth, due to altered biomechanical forces imposed by the spinal deformity, including: (i) lateral distortion of the spine that causes a slight secondary scoliotic curve; (ii) pelvic obliquity; and (iii) discrepancy in the length of the limbs. We argue that the secondary skeletal abnormalities allowed the individual to adapt to his spinal deformity meaning he was able to walk without the aid of a stick. Despite SD being a common modern clinical finding, few cases have been reported in ancient skeletal remains. This case therefore represents an important contribution to the palaeopathological literature.

Treatment stability of Milwaukee brace in idiopathic hyperkyphosis

BACKGROUND

The Milwaukee brace is an efficient method for correcting hyperkyphosis before skeletal maturity. However, loss of correction in long-term follow-up is inevitable.

OBJECTIVES

To determine loss of correction and factors affecting the loss of correction.

STUDY DESIGN

Retrospective study.

METHODS

A total of 49 corrected patients by Milwaukee brace participated minimum 2 years after treatment completion. The participants were categorized into two groups based on their roentgenograms: Group 1 (n = 36) had kyphotic curves of 45° or less and Group 2 (n = 13) had kyphotic curves of more than 45°.

RESULTS

The mean loss of corrections for Group 1 and Group 2 were 3.80° (ranges = 0°-13°) and 12.92° (ranges = 8°-22°), respectively. Group 1 showed no significant difference between the average hyperkyphosis of the patients for the part-time and full-time treatment duration (p = 0.02). By contrast, a significant difference was observed between the average hyperkyphosis of patients in Group 2 for the part-time and full-time treatment duration (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with kyphosis of 60° or less who can save the correction in full-time orthotic treatment in part-time treatment may have the least loss of correction over time.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

As the orthotic treatment is a time-consuming method that needs the close collaboration of patient and treatment team, it is possible that clinicians predict the probable result of treatment and efficiency of orthotic treatment. Thus, a clinician can abandon orthotic treatment and refer the patient for an operation.

All pedicle screw instrumentation for Scheuermann's kyphosis correction: is it worth it?

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Scheuermann's kyphosis has long been treated by a two-staged fusion and instrumentation with a hybrid construct using hooks, pedicle screws, and sublaminar wires. Recent interest in all pedicle screw constructs led to its use in the treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis. Evaluation of this newly described application is needed.

PURPOSE

To compare the results of segmental all pedicle screw constructs versus two-staged hybrid instrumentation in patients with Scheuermann's kyphosis analyzing the amount of correction and incidence of complications.

STUDY DESIGN

Retrospective case series reporting on two groups of patients with Scheuermann's kyphosis treated with single-staged all pedicle screws technique versus two-staged anterior release and posterior hybrid instrumentation followed-up for a minimum of 2 years.

PATIENT SAMPLE

The study included 33 patients divided into two groups. The average age was 15 years+9 months and 16 years+8 months, respectively. The average preoperative dorsal kyphosis was 85.5 degrees (Group 1) and 79.8 degrees (Group 2).

OUTCOME MEASURES

The deformity was measured by Cobb's method preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up. Operative time and blood loss were also measured and recorded. The results of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-30 questionnaire were also reviewed.

METHODS

The study included 16 patients who underwent a single-staged correction by segmental all pedicle screw constructs and multiple-level posterior osteotomies (Group 1) and 17 who underwent a two-staged fusion and instrumentation with a hybrid construct (Group 2).

RESULTS

Both groups were followed for a minimum of 2 years. The deformity correction of Group 1 had an average of 52.2% postoperatively with 2.4% loss at final follow-up in comparison to Group 2 where the correction was 48.7% postoperatively with 3.1% loss at final follow-up. The operative time was considerably less in Group 1 with an average of 215 minutes than Group 2 with an average of 315 minutes. The average blood loss was 620cc in Group 1 and 910cc in Group 2. The SRS-30 questionnaire in Group 1 averaged 134 and in Group 2 averaged 120.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of multiple-level all pedicle screws technique allowed a rigid anchor for posterior correction of the deformity with less operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay without the need for anterior release. A better correction was achieved and preserved with the use of all pedicle screw constructs. This technique is a useful modality in the treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis.