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Li L, Zhang L, Luo L, Shen F, Zhao Y, Wu H, Huang Y, Hou R, Yue B, Zhang X. Adaptive Expression and ncRNA Regulation of Genes Related to Digestion and Metabolism in Stomach of Red Pandas during Suckling and Adult Periods. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1795. [PMID: 38929414 PMCID: PMC11200446 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Red pandas evolved from carnivores to herbivores and are unique within Carnivora. Red pandas and carnivorous mammals consume milk during the suckling period, while they consume bamboo and meat during the adult period, respectively. Red pandas and carnivorous mammal ferrets have a close phylogenetic relationship. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms of dietary changes and nutrient utilization in red pandas from suckling to adult, comparative analysis of the whole transcriptome was performed on stomach tissues from red pandas and ferrets during the suckling and adult periods. The main results are as follows: (1) we identified ncRNAs for the first time in stomach tissues of both species, and found significant expression changes of 109 lncRNAs and 106 miRNAs in red pandas and 756 lncRNAs and 109 miRNAs in ferrets between the two periods; (2) up-regulated genes related to amino acid transport regulated by lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks may efficiently utilize limited bamboo amino acids in adult red pandas, while up-regulated genes related to amino acid degradation regulated by lncRNAs may maintain the balance of amino acid metabolism due to larger daily intakes in adult ferrets; and (3) some up-regulated genes related to lipid digestion may contribute to the utilization of rich nutrients in milk for the rapid growth and development of suckling red pandas, while up-regulated genes associated with linoleic acid metabolism regulated by lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks may promote cholesterol decomposition to reduce health risks for carnivorous adult ferrets. Collectively, our study offers evidence of gene expression adaptation and ncRNA regulation in response to specific dietary changes and nutrient utilization in red pandas during suckling and adult periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.L.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (L.Z.); (F.S.); (R.H.)
| | - Lijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.L.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Fujun Shen
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (L.Z.); (F.S.); (R.H.)
| | - Yanni Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.L.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Honglin Wu
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611800, China; (H.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611800, China; (H.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Rong Hou
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China; (L.Z.); (F.S.); (R.H.)
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.L.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (L.L.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.)
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Abouzayed A, Kanellopoulos P, Gorislav A, Tolmachev V, Maina T, Nock BA, Orlova A. Preclinical Characterization of a Stabilized Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist for Targeted Cancer Theranostics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1134. [PMID: 37509170 PMCID: PMC10377574 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonists have shown great promise for the theranostics of prostate cancer; however, their suboptimal metabolic stability leaves room for improvements. It was recently shown that the replacement of Gly11 with Sar11 in the peptidic [D-Phe6,Leu13-NHEt,des-Met14]BBN(6-14) chain stabilized the [99mTc]Tc-DB15 radiotracer against neprilysin (NEP). We herein present DOTAGA-PEG2-(Sar11)RM26 (AU-RM26-M1), after Gly11 to Sar11-replacement. The impact of this replacement on the metabolic stability and overall biological performance of [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 was studied using a head-to-head comparison with the unmodified reference [111In]In-DOTAGA-PEG2-RM26. In vitro, the cell uptake of [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 could be significantly reduced in the presence of a high-excess GRPR-blocker that demonstrated its specificity. The cell uptake of both radiolabeled GRPR antagonists increased with time and was superior for [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1. The dissociation constant reflected strong affinities for GRPR (500 pM for [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1). [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 showed significantly higher stability in peripheral mice blood at 5 min pi (88 ± 8% intact) than unmodified [111In]In-DOTAGA-PEG2-RM26 (69 ± 2% intact; p < 0.0001). The administration of a NEP inhibitor had no significant impact on the Sar11-compound (91 ± 2% intact; p > 0.05). In vivo, [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 showed high and GRPR-mediated uptake in the PC-3 tumors (7.0 ± 0.7%IA/g vs. 0.9 ± 0.6%IA/g in blocked mice) and pancreas (2.2 ± 0.6%IA/g vs. 0.3 ± 0.2%IA/g in blocked mice) at 1 h pi, with rapid clearance from healthy tissues. The tumor uptake of [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 was higher than for [111In]In-DOTAGA-PEG2-RM26 (at 4 h pi, 5.7 ± 1.8%IA/g vs. 3 ± 1%IA/g), concordant with its higher stability. The implanted PC-3 tumors were visualized with high contrast in mice using [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 SPECT/CT. The Gly11 to Sar11-substitution stabilized [111In]In-DOTAGA-PEG2-(Sar11)RM26 against NEP without negatively affecting other important biological features. These results support the further evaluation of AU-RM26-M1 for prostate cancer theranostics after labeling with clinically relevant radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Abouzayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.A.); (P.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.A.); (P.K.); (A.G.)
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (T.M.); (B.A.N.)
| | - Alisa Gorislav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.A.); (P.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (T.M.); (B.A.N.)
| | - Berthold A. Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (T.M.); (B.A.N.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.A.); (P.K.); (A.G.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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Serio G, Dell'Anna A, Debenedittis A, Stasi E, Cascarano MA. Gastric neuroendocrine tumor with Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 75:361-366. [PMID: 32980709 PMCID: PMC7522572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms in subjects infected with Helicobacter pylori is rare and it occurs through pathogenetic mechanisms related to gastrin. PRESENTATION OF CASE We report a case of gastric neuroendocrine tumor in a patient infected with Helicobacter pylori and normal gastrin levels. He was treated by endoscopic mucosal dissection after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Histologically the tumor was consistent with a grade 2 well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. It was characterized by the presence of lymphoid aggregates around and inside the neoplasia. DISCUSSION Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis can rarely cause the development of gastric neuroendocrine tumors through mechanisms unrelated to gastrin. CONCLUSION The one related to a chronic Helicobacter pylori infection may be considered a distinct type of gastric neuroendocrine tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Serio
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy.
| | | | | | - Elisa Stasi
- Unit of Digestive Endoscopy, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
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Reglodi D, Illes A, Opper B, Schafer E, Tamas A, Horvath G. Presence and Effects of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions in the Stomach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:90. [PMID: 29615974 PMCID: PMC5868562 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide with widespread occurrence throughout the body including the gastrointestinal system. In the small and large intestine, effects of PACAP on cell proliferation, secretion, motility, gut immunology and blood flow, as well as its importance in bowel inflammatory reactions and cancer development have been shown and reviewed earlier. However, no current review is available on the actions of PACAP in the stomach in spite of numerous data published on the gastric presence and actions of the peptide. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to summarize currently available data on the distribution and effects of PACAP in the stomach. We review data on the localization of PACAP and its receptors in the stomach wall of various mammalian and non-mammalian species, we then give an overview on PACAP's effects on secretion of gastric acid and various hormones. Effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, blood flow and gastric motility are also reviewed. Finally, we outline PACAP's involvement and changes in various human pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Dora Reglodi,
| | - Anita Illes
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Opper
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Schafer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tamas
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Horvath
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
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El-Salhy M, Gilja OH, Hatlebakk JG, Hausken T. Stomach antral endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:967-74. [PMID: 25110039 PMCID: PMC4152137 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, stomach antral endocrine cells have not previously been investigated in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Thus, in the present study, 76 patients with IBS were examined (designated as IBS-total). Diarrhoea was the predominant symptom in 26 of these patients (IBS-D), while in 21 patients, the predominant symptoms were both diarrhoea and constipation (IBS-M) and in 29 patients the predominant symptom was constipation (IBS-C). Forty-three healthy subjects were enrolled as the controls. Stomach antral biopsy samples obtained from all of the subjects were immunostained using the avidin-biotin-complex method for serotonin, gastrin, somatostatin and serotonin transporter (SERT). The immunopositive cell densities and immunoreactivity intensities were determined by computer-aided image analysis. The density of the serotonin-immunoreactive cells was significantly decreased in the IBS-M patients and increased in the IBS-C patients relative to the controls. The immunoreactivity intensity did not differ significantly between the controls and IBS-total. The density of the gastrin-immunoreactive cells was significantly greater in the IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C patients than in the controls. The immunoreactivity intensity of gastrin was significantly greater in the IBS-D patients than in the controls. The density of the somatostatin-immunoreactive cells cells was significantly lower in the IBS-total, IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-C patients than in the controls. The immunoreactivity intensities of both somatostatin and SERT did not differ significantly between the controls and IBS-total. The increase in gastrin cell density and the decrease in somatostatin cell density in all IBS subtypes may cause high levels of gastric secretion, which may in turn contribute to the high incidence of dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux observed in patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Helse-Fonna Hospital, Stord, Norway
| | - Odd Helge Gilja
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Mazzawi T, Hausken T, Gundersen D, El-Salhy M. Effect of dietary management on the gastric endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:519-24. [PMID: 25097003 PMCID: PMC4387551 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background/objectives: The gastric endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) tend to normalize following dietary guidance. The aim of the present study was to identify the gastric endocrine cell types that are changed following such dietary guidance. Subjects/methods: Fourteen IBS patients and 14 healthy subjects were included in the study. Patients received three sessions of individual dietary management guidance. Gastroscopy was performed on both the controls and the patients at baseline and then again for the patients at 3–9 months after dietary guidance. Biopsy samples from the corpus and antrum were immunostained for all gastric endocrine cell types. Endocrine cells were quantified by computerized image analysis. Results: The densities of the ghrelin cells for the controls and IBS patients before and after dietary guidance were 149.6±36.2 (mean±s.e.m.; 95% confidence interval (CI) 71.3–227.8), 114.5±32.7 and 161.8±37.8 cells/mm2, respectively. The densities of the gastrin cells in these groups were 155.8±21.0 (95% CI 110.3–201.2), 159.4±24.3 and 211.6±28.0 cells/mm2, respectively; the corresponding densities of serotonin cells in the corpus were 18.2±3.9 (95% CI 9.8–26.6), 10.6±3.4 and 14±2.0 cells/mm2 and in the antrum were 44.6±12.2 (95% CI 18.1–71.1), 1.7±0.5 and 14.7±6.3 cells/mm2. The densities of the somatostatin cells in the corpus were 40.0±7.7 (95% CI 23.5–56.5), 23.0±3.0 and 37.3±4.2 cells/mm2, respectively, and in the antrum were 138.9±22.0 (95% CI 91.4–186.3), 95.6±15.9 and 86.0±16.9 cells/mm2, respectively. Conclusions: The densities of all of the gastric endocrine cell types changed towards the healthy control values in the IBS patients following a change in food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mazzawi
- 1] Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord, Norway [2] Section for Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, Bergen University, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Hausken
- Section for Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, Bergen University, Bergen, Norway
| | - D Gundersen
- Department of Research, Helse-Fonna, Haugesund, Norway
| | - M El-Salhy
- 1] Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord, Norway [2] Section for Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, Bergen University, Bergen, Norway
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Antonodimitrakis P, Tsolakis A, Welin S, Kozlovacki G, Öberg K, Granberg D. Gastric carcinoid in a patient infected with Helicobacter pylori: A new entity? World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3066-8. [PMID: 21799655 PMCID: PMC3132260 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i25.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are four types of gastric carcinoid tumors, classified according to their histology and malignant potential. Only a few cases of carcinoid tumors in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been reported so far. We report a patient infected with H. pylori presenting with a small solitary gastric carcinoid tumor with very low proliferative rate and normal gastrin levels. The tumor was endoscopically removed and the patient received an eradication therapy against H. pylori. No signs of metastatic disease have been found so far during more than 3 year of follow-up. Infection with H. pylori may cause chronic gastritis with normal or elevated gastrin levels, leading to the development of gastric carcinoids by mechanisms unrelated to gastrin. Enterochromaffin-like cell tumors related to a chronic H. pylori infection may be considered as a distinct type of gastric carcinoid tumors.
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Rezin GT, Petronilho FC, Araújo JH, Gonçalves CL, Daufenbach JF, Cardoso MR, Roesler R, Schwartsmann G, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist or N-acetylcysteine combined with Omeprazol Protect against Mitochondrial Complex II Inhibition in a Rat Model of Gastritis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 108:214-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nilsson S, Edvinsson L, Malmberg B, Johansson B, Linde M. A relationship between migraine and biliary tract disorders: findings in two Swedish samples of elderly twins. Acta Neurol Scand 2010; 122:286-94. [PMID: 20047569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether there is a relationship between the clinical occurrence of migraine and biliary tract disorders (BTD) and to study whether there is a genetic influence on such an association. MATERIALS AND METHODS The near lifetime morbidity for migraine and BTD was examined in two Swedish twin-samples: OCTO-Twin (149 MZ and 202 DZ pairs; 234 men, 468 women; 80 years of age or older at inclusion), and the GENDER study (249 unlike-sex DZ-pairs; 70-80 years of age at inclusion). The diagnosis of BTD was established by perusal of medical records from the last twenty years. The diagnosis of migraine was based on iterated questionnaires and personal interviews. RESULTS The odds ratio (OR) of BTD among OCTO-Twin subjects suffering from migraine was 3.5 (1.9-6.7) in monozygotic pairs and 1.7 (1.0-2.9) in dizygotic pairs The corresponding figures among the GENDER unlike-sex DZ-pairs was 2.7 (1.6-4.5). Migraine was associated with female sex and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between the occurrence of migraine and BTD, also when controlling for the fact that both disorders are more frequent in women. The association appears to be partly attributable to genetic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nilsson
- Institute of Gerontology, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Petronilho F, Araújo JH, Steckert AV, Rezin GT, Ferreira GK, Roesler R, Schwartsmann G, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL. Effect of a gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist and a proton pump inhibitor association in an animal model of gastritis. Peptides 2009; 30:1460-5. [PMID: 19505518 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that reactive oxygen species play a causative role of gastric mucosal damage induced by increased gastric secretion. Gastrin-releasing peptide is a typical neuropeptide that stimulates acid secretion by release of gastrin. In the present work we have investigated the mechanism of indomethacin (IDM)-induced gastric ulcer caused by ROS and determined the effects of a selective gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist, RC-3095, alone and in association with omeprazole (OM) and compared it with an established antioxidant compound N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Adult male Wistar rats were pre-treated for 7 days with OM, RC-3095, NAC, both drugs and water (control). The animals were then submitted to fasting for 24h; IDM was administered. Rats were killed 6h after that and the stomachs were used for evaluation of macroscopic damage and oxidative stress parameters. Our results showed that IDM increased mitochondrial superoxide production; OM and RC-3095 alone did not prevent such effect, but the combination of these drugs was effective. TBARS assay revealed that IDM-induced lipid peroxidation in gastric tissue and that OM and RC-3095, alone or in combination, prevented this effect with superior action that NAC. Finally, we verified that IDM increased protein carbonyl content and that this effect was prevented RC-3095, alone or in combination with OM, being similar to standard antioxidant. The present results support the view that, besides the inhibition of acid secretion, the protective effects exerted by OM and RC-3095 against IDM-induced gastric damage can be ascribed to a reduction of gastric oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Kokubu H, Ohtsuka T, Kageyama R. Mash1 is required for neuroendocrine cell development in the glandular stomach. Genes Cells 2008; 13:41-51. [PMID: 18173746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the epithelium of the developing glandular stomach, neuroendocrine cells differentiate from common progenitors, but the mechanism of how these cells are specified remains to be determined. Here, we show that the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene, mammalian achaete-scute homologue 1 (Mash1), is highly expressed in the glandular stomach epithelium. In Mash1-null mice, almost all gastric neuroendocrine cells are missing, whereas development of non-neuroendocrine cells is not significantly affected. The bHLH gene Neurogenin3 (Ngn3), which is known to regulate formation of subsets of gastric neuroendocrine cells (gastrin-, glucagon- and somatostatin-producing cells), is expressed normally in the Mash1-null stomach. Thus, Ngn3 alone is not sufficient but Mash1 is additionally required for the differentiation of these neuroendocrine cells. Taken together, these results indicate that formation of gastrin-, glucagon- and somatostatin-producing cells depends on both Mash1 and Ngn3, while that of other neuroendocrine cells depends on Mash1 alone, suggesting that combinations of bHLH genes may contribute to cell type diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kokubu
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Jensen RT, Battey JF, Spindel ER, Benya RV. International Union of Pharmacology. LXVIII. Mammalian bombesin receptors: nomenclature, distribution, pharmacology, signaling, and functions in normal and disease states. Pharmacol Rev 2008; 60:1-42. [PMID: 18055507 PMCID: PMC2517428 DOI: 10.1124/pr.107.07108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian bombesin receptor family comprises three G protein-coupled heptahelical receptors: the neuromedin B (NMB) receptor (BB(1)), the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor (BB(2)), and the orphan receptor bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) (BB(3)). Each receptor is widely distributed, especially in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and central nervous system (CNS), and the receptors have a large range of effects in both normal physiology and pathophysiological conditions. The mammalian bombesin peptides, GRP and NMB, demonstrate a broad spectrum of pharmacological/biological responses. GRP stimulates smooth muscle contraction and GI motility, release of numerous GI hormones/neurotransmitters, and secretion and/or hormone release from the pancreas, stomach, colon, and numerous endocrine organs and has potent effects on immune cells, potent growth effects on both normal tissues and tumors, potent CNS effects, including regulation of circadian rhythm, thermoregulation; anxiety/fear responses, food intake, and numerous CNS effects on the GI tract as well as the spinal transmission of chronic pruritus. NMB causes contraction of smooth muscle, has growth effects in various tissues, has CNS effects, including effects on feeding and thermoregulation, regulates thyroid-stimulating hormone release, stimulates various CNS neurons, has behavioral effects, and has effects on spinal sensory transmission. GRP, and to a lesser extent NMB, affects growth and/or differentiation of various human tumors, including colon, prostate, lung, and some gynecologic cancers. Knockout studies show that BB(3) has important effects in energy balance, glucose homeostasis, control of body weight, lung development and response to injury, tumor growth, and perhaps GI motility. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the biology/pharmacology of these receptors, including their classification, structure, pharmacology, physiology, and role in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Fährmann M, Kaufhold M, Pfeiffer AF, Seidler U. Protein kinase C-alpha attenuates cholinergically stimulated gastric acid secretion of rabbit parietal cells. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 139:545-54. [PMID: 12788814 PMCID: PMC1573865 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The phorbolester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), inhibits cholinergic stimulation of gastric acid secretion. We observed that this effect strongly correlated with the inhibition of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity in rabbit parietal cells. (2) The aim of this study was to specify the function of PKC-alpha in cholinergically stimulated H(+) secretion. PKC-alpha represents the only calcium-dependent PKC isoenzyme that has been detected in rabbit parietal cells. (3) Gö 6976, an inhibitor of calcium-dependent PKC, concentration-dependently antagonized the inhibitory effect of TPA, and, therefore, revealed the action of PKC-alpha on carbachol-induced acid secretion in rabbit parietal cells. (4) TPA exerted no additive inhibition of carbachol-stimulated acid secretion if acid secretion was partially inhibited by the potent CaMKII inhibitor 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinsulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenyl-piperazine (KN-62). (5) Since both kinase modulators, TPA and KN-62, affected no divergent signal transduction pathways in the parietal cell, an in vitro model has been used to study if PKC directly targets CaMKII. CaMKII purified from parietal cell-containing gastric mucosa of pig, was transphosphorylated by purified cPKC containing PKC-alpha up to 1.8 mol P(i) per mol CaMKII in vitro. The autonomy site of CaMKII was not transphosphorylated by PKC. (6) The phosphotransferase activity of the purified CaMKII was in vitro inhibited after transphosphorylation by PKC if calmodulin was absent during transphosphorylation. Attenuation of CaMKII activity by PKC showed strong similarity to the downregulation of CaMKII by basal autophosphorylation. (7) Our results suggest that PKC-alpha and CaMKII are closely functionally linked in a cholinergically induced signalling pathway in rabbit parietal cells. We assume that in cholinergically stimulated parietal cells PKC-alpha transinhibits CaMKII activity, resulting in an attenuation of acid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fährmann
- Institut für Zoophysiologie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Hindenburgplatz 55, D-48143 Münster, Germany.
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