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Screening of E. coli β-clamp Inhibitors Revealed that Few Inhibit Helicobacter pylori More Effectively: Structural and Functional Characterization. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:antibiotics7010005. [PMID: 29324718 PMCID: PMC5872116 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristic of interaction with various enzymes and processivity-promoting nature during DNA replication makes β-clamp an important drug target. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have several unique features in DNA replication machinery that makes it different from other microorganisms. To find out whether difference in DNA replication proteins behavior accounts for any difference in drug response when compared to E. coli, in the present study, we have tested E. coli β-clamp inhibitor molecules against H. pylori β-clamp. Various approaches were used to test the binding of inhibitors to H. pylori β-clamp including docking, surface competition assay, complex structure determination, as well as antimicrobial assay. Out of five shortlisted inhibitor molecules on the basis of docking score, three molecules, 5-chloroisatin, carprofen, and 3,4-difluorobenzamide were co-crystallized with H. pylori β-clamp and the structures show that they bind at the protein-protein interaction site as expected. In vivo studies showed only two molecules, 5-chloroisatin, and 3,4-difluorobenzamide inhibited the growth of the pylori with MIC values in micro molar range, which is better than the inhibitory effect of the same drugs on E. coli. Therefore, the evaluation of such drugs against H. pylori may explore the possibility to use to generate species-specific pharmacophore for development of new drugs against H. pylori.
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Osuga T, Takimoto R, Ono M, Hirakawa M, Yoshida M, Okagawa Y, Uemura N, Arihara Y, Sato Y, Tamura F, Sato T, Iyama S, Miyanishi K, Takada K, Hayashi T, Kobune M, Kato J. Relationship Between Increased Fucosylation and Metastatic Potential in Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw038. [PMID: 27075853 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucose is utilized for the modification of different molecules involved in blood group determination, immunological reactions, and signal transduction pathways. We have recently reported that enhanced activity of the fucosyltransferase 3 and/or 6 promoted TGF-ß-mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition and was associated with increased metastatic potential of colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting that fucose is required by CRC cells. With this in mind, we examined requirement of L-fucose in CRC cells and developed fucose-bound nanoparticles as vehicles for delivery of anticancer drugs specific to CRC. METHODS In this study, we first examined the expression of fucosylated proteins in 50 cases of CRC by immunochistochemical staining with biotinylated Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL). Then we carried out an L-fucose uptake assay using three CRC cell lines. Finally, we developed fucose-bound nanoparticles as vehicles for the delivery of an anticancer drug, SN38, and examined tumor growth inhibition in mouse xenograft model (n = 6 mice per group). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS We found a statistically significant relationship between vascular invasion, clinical stage, and intensity score of AAL staining (P≤ .02). L-fucose uptake assay revealed that L-fucose incorporation, as well as fucosylated protein release, was high in cells rich in fucosylated proteins. L-fucose-bound liposomes effectively delivered Cy5.5 into CRC cells. The excess of L-fucose decreased the efficiency of Cy5.5 uptake through L-fucose-bound liposomes, suggesting an L-fucose receptor dependency. Intravenously injected, L-fucose-bound liposomes carrying SN38 were successfully delivered to CRC cells, mediating efficient tumor growth inhibition (relative tumor growth ratio: no treatment group [NT], 8.29 ± 3.09; SN38-treated group [SN38], 3.53 ± 1.47; liposome-carrying, SN38-treated group [F0], 3.1 ± 1.39; L-fucose-bound, liposome-carrying, SN38-treated group [F50], 0.94 ± 0.89; F50 vs NT,P= .003; F50 vs SN38,P= .02, F50 vs F0,P= .04), as well as prolonging survival of mouse xenograft models (log-rank test,P< .001). CONCLUSIONS Thus, fucose-bound liposomes carrying anticancer drugs provide a new strategy for the treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Osuga
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rishu Takimoto
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Ono
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirakawa
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okagawa
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Uemura
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yohei Arihara
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumito Tamura
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iyama
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Miyanishi
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohichi Takada
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kobune
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Kato
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Clinical Oncology; Division of Molecular Oncology, Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Bari A, Parvez MK, Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Syed SA, Al-Dosari MS, Alobaid AM. A Facile One-Pot Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Substituted 1,2-Dihydropyridine and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidine Analogues. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Research Center, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khalid Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ali Syed
- Research Center, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M. Alobaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Sapra P, Zhao H, Mehlig M, Malaby J, Kraft P, Longley C, Greenberger LM, Horak ID. Novel delivery of SN38 markedly inhibits tumor growth in xenografts, including a camptothecin-11-refractory model. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1888-96. [PMID: 18347192 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical development of SN38, the active metabolite of camptothecin-11 (CPT-11), has been hampered due to its poor solubility. We have developed a novel polymer-drug conjugate, EZN-2208, made by linking SN38 with a multiarm polyethylene glycol via a glycine linker. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The in vitro cytotoxicity of EZN-2208 was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay. The therapeutic efficacy of EZN-2208 was evaluated in various xenografts, including an in vivo-selected CPT-11-refractory model. Tumor and blood concentration of EZN-2208, CPT-11, and SN38 was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS In vitro, EZN-2208 was 10- to 245-fold more potent than CPT-11 in a panel of human tumor cell lines. In xenograft models of MX-1 breast, MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic, or HT-29 colon carcinoma, treatment with either a single dose or multiple injections of EZN-2208 was more efficacious (and in some cases produced tumor eradication for >16 weeks) compared with CPT-11 at their respective maximum tolerated doses or corresponding dose levels (P < 0.01). Most interestingly, EZN-2208 showed marked antitumor activity in animals that developed resistance to an 8-day course of CPT-11 treatment, as well as outperformed CPT-11 as second-round therapy in mice initially sensitive to CPT-11. EZN-2208 had prolonged circulation in the blood compared with CPT-11, resulting in high tumor exposure. This resulted in higher and longer-lasting tumor exposure of free SN38 in mice given EZN-2208 compared with those given CPT-11. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical data suggest that EZN-2208 may be a promising anticancer agent in a wide variety of clinical settings, including tumors refractory to CPT-11 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sapra
- Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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Morales C, Zurita M, Vaquero J. Antitumoral effect of irinotecan (CPT-11) on an experimental model of malignant neuroectodermal tumor. J Neurooncol 2002; 56:219-26. [PMID: 12061727 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015014623569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with antitumor activity on a wide variety of neoplasms in several preclinical studies, but it showed poor efficacy in patients with nervous system tumors. We have carried out an experimental study in order to evaluate the effect of CPT-11 on the growth of a subcutaneously implanted malignant neuroectodermal tumor, after administration by different routes. The results showed that CPT-11 administration by intraperitoneal injections (at dose 10 mg/kg, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks, followed by 7-days rest period--one course--to a total of two courses) had no significant antitumor effect. Nevertheless, continuous infusion by intraperitoneal osmotic minipump over 28 days (at an infusion rate of 4.4 microg/h) showed a significant delay in tumor growth in 4 weeks of the implantation. The best antitumor effects were observed after CPT-11 intratumoral administration (at dose of 5 mg/kg, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks, followed by 7-days rest period, to a total of three courses) reaching tumor regression in the treated animals. These results suggest the utility of CPT-11, by means of intralesional administration, on malignant tumors of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morales
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Neuroscience Research Unit of the Mapfre-Medicine Foundation, Puerta de Hierro Clinic, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
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Demarquay D, Huchet M, Coulomb H, Lesueur-Ginot L, Lavergne O, Kasprzyk PG, Bailly C, Camara J, Bigg DC. The homocamptothecin BN 80915 is a highly potent orally active topoisomerase I poison. Anticancer Drugs 2001; 12:9-19. [PMID: 11272292 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200101000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BN 80915, a lead compound of the homocamptothecin (hCPT) family, has entered clinical trials. BN 80915 is a difluoro-hCPT where the six-membered alpha-hydroxylactone ring of camptothecin (CPT) is replaced by a seven-membered beta-hydroxylactone ring. Preclinical data reported here show that in spite of the modification to the crucial E-ring of CPTs, BN 80915 retains topoisomerase I poisoning activity as shown in living HT29 cells as well as in cell-free assays, where BN 80915 always performs better than SN-38 or TPT. In antiproliferative assays BN 80915 is also very potent as evidenced by IC50s values consistently lower than those of SN38 in sensitive cell lines as well as in their related multidrug-resistant lines overexpressing P-glycoprotein or multidrug resistance-associated protein. Furthermore, in human plasma, in contrast to CPT analogs, the hydrolysis of BN 80915 is slow, leading to improved plasma stability, and irreversible, thus avoiding toxicity related to the accumulation of active principle during excretion in the urinary tract. These findings may account for the good in vivo efficacy observed in PC3 xenograft experiments where BN 80915 administered orally at very low doses doubled the tumor growth delay in comparison to CPT-11 administered i.p. Altogether, these results strongly support further development of BN 80915.
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