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Ragit R, Fulzele PR, Wadewale SN, Bhola N, Solanki DR, Thosar NR. Conservative Management of Maxillary and Mandibular Fractures in a Pediatric Patient With a Modified Open Cap Splint: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e55191. [PMID: 38558710 PMCID: PMC10980854 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric maxillofacial fractures, which are not very prevalent, account for around 5% of all face injuries. Children under the age of 13 are more susceptible to craniofacial injuries because they have a larger cerebral mass-to-body ratio than adults. The fracture pattern in children does not resemble that of adults, due to which the treatment of pediatric fractures differs from that of adults and can pose substantial difficulties to the pediatric dentist due to many factors, including the complex anatomy of the developing jaw. In this case report, a 5-year-old male patient presented with an injury to the upper and lower jaw. A case was managed with a conservative approach by using a modified open cap splint. A radiographic investigation, including CT brain and face, was done, which revealed the mandibular symphyseal fracture, bilateral condyle, and right Lefort II fracture. A modified open cap splint was fabricated and fixed with circummandibular and circumzygomatic wiring under general anesthesia. After two months, the fractured site showed good healing on orthopantomography (OPG), and satisfactory occlusion was achieved. The patient was kept on monthly follow-ups for up to five months. Treatment guidelines for pediatric maxillary and mandibular fractures are different from those for adults in that most pediatric cases are managed by a conservative approach. Cap splints are a versatile treatment option for juvenile mandibular fractures because they can be used to restore function and aesthetics with minimal morbidity, do not impede jaw growth or the development of dentition, and can be applied to patients of a wider range of ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Ragit
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Punit R Fulzele
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sanjana N Wadewale
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nitin Bhola
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Dhruvi R Solanki
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nilima R Thosar
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharard Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Analysis of Pediatric Maxillofacial Fractures: A 10-year Retrospective Study. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:448-453. [PMID: 36441830 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to analyze patterns of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescent in southeast of China,in a period of 10 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this retrospective study, the medical records of 162 hospitalized patients under 18 years old were analyzed in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China. Age, gender, etiology, site, and type of fracture, monthly distribution, weekly distribution, dental complications, and treatment were evaluated. The cases were divided into 3 age groups: group A: 0 to 6 years, group B: 7 to 12 years, and group C: 13 to 18 years. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-four maxillofacial fractures in 162 patients younger than 18 years were analyzed. The male to female ratio was 2.24:1 and mean age of these patients was 9.85 years old . Falls were the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures.The most frequent fracture site was mandible. Most patients with maxillofacial fractures were treated by open reduction. And it was done more in adolescents than in children. CONCLUSIONS Falls were the main reason for maxillofacial fracutres in childern, and traffic accidents was the leading cause in adolescent. Preventive measures should be applied to reduce occurrences of pediatric facial fractures .Children can not be left at home alone, and monitoring is very necessary when children play in the high place. The government can consider related e-bike driving skills training. Teenagers must pass the relevant electric vehicle test before they can drive. Make the law that the driver of e-bike must wear a safety helmet. Our study shows that open reduction was a good choice for pediatric facial fractures, but usually conservative treatment is a better choice for condylar fractures.
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Morisada MV, Tollefson TT, Said M, Hwang J, Hsieh TY, Funamura JL. Pediatric Mandible Fractures: Mechanism, Pattern of Injury, Fracture Characteristics, and Management by Age. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2022; 24:375-381. [DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan V. Morisada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Travis T. Tollefson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mena Said
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joshua Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Tsung Yen Hsieh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jamie L. Funamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Brown JS, Khan A, Wareing S, Schache AG. A new classification of mandibular fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:78-90. [PMID: 34092451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is no accepted method of reporting mandibular fracture that reflects incidence, treatment and outcome for individual cases. As most series include anatomical site only for all fractures, the aim was to establish a new method to report fractures based on a systematic review of the literature and an internal audit. The classification proposed is: Class I; condyle, II; angle, IIc; II+condyle, III; body/symphysis, IIIc; III+condyle, IV; multiple fractures not including condyle, IVc; IV+condyle, V; bilateral condyle±other fracture(s). A total of 10,971 adult and 914 paediatric cases were analyzed through systematic review, and 833 from the regional audit. Only 32% (14/44) of reported series could be reclassified which, when added to the audit data, showed Class IV was most common (29%), with similar proportions of Class III, Class IIIc and Class II (18-23%). External validation (literature review) in terms of treatment and outcome was non-informative, but the internal validation (audit) demonstrated an increasing requirement for adding maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) as class increased. The heterogeneity of data reporting found in the systematic review confirms the need for a classification such as this, likely to enhance comparison of varying management protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Brown
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - A Khan
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Wareing
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - A G Schache
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Kattimani PT, Lahiri B, Babu TK, Rao NK, Thiruvenkatakrishnan D, Patil TR, Swarnalatha C, Babu JS, Nayyar AS. A report of a novel approach for the management of paediatric mandibular fracture using a prefabricated adaptable surgical splint. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2021; 18:119-122. [PMID: 33642415 PMCID: PMC8232356 DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric facial fractures are relatively rare. The inherent elasticity of the bones with more of the cartilage than that of the mineralised bone accounts for this. The principles involved in the management of facial fractures are the same irrespective of the age of the patient; however, in children, the techniques used are necessarily modified by certain anatomical, physiological, psychological and feeding factors related to childhood and the parents. In an attempt to keep the treatment and fixation technique simple, the case, presented here, describes the management of a mandibular parasymphyseal fracture in a 16-month-old child with the use of a prefabricated adaptable surgical splint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttaraj T Kattimani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, SB Patil Dental College and Hospital, Bidar, Karnataka, India
| | - Banibrata Lahiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - T Kishore Babu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Care Dental College, Guntur, India
| | - N Koteswara Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Divakar Thiruvenkatakrishnan
- Department of Maxillofacial and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tejal R Patil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - C Swarnalatha
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - J Suresh Babu
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhishek Singh Nayyar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital and Post Graduate Research Institute, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
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AlMofreh AlQahtani F, Bishawi K, Jaber M, Thomas S. Maxillofacial trauma in the gulf countries: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 47:397-406. [PMID: 32572511 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this review was to determine the prevalence, major causative factors and the most common sites of Maxillofacial Trauma in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries. METHODS All articles that were published in the English language in the databases such as Google Scholar, EBSCO, PubMed, NCBI, Medline, COCHRANE, ELSEVIER and SCOPUS were reviewed for MFT from GCC during the last 23 years. RESULTS A total of 19,151 patients (16,567 males and 2584 females) (86-14%) with an age range between 0 and 97 years were included in the study. In all of the Gulf countries males outnumber females in terms of maxillofacial injuries with a ratio of 6.4:1. The mandible was the most common site of trauma followed by the maxilla. Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) was the most common cause of injury in the GCC followed by falls. CONCLUSION Maxillofacial injuries are highly prevalent, distributed among the Gulf countries, and is mainly caused by RTAs especially among males who are highly prone to MFT in the gulf. The reasons are due to lack of road safety culture and weak enactment of traffic legislation, other possible factors include intrinsic car safety features, high speed driving and the amount/use of highways in these societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Bishawi
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sam Thomas
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Duplantier MJ, Marschall JS, Ritto F, Welch A, Alpert B, Tiwana PS. Anatomical Location of Initial and Repeat Mandible Fractures: A 5-Year, Multi-Institution Retrospective Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:1712-1722. [PMID: 33951449 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate new fracture patterns resulting from low velocity mechanisms in subjects who had previously fractured their mandible and had been treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or closed reduction. METHODS AND MATERIALS A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was designed to analyze subjects presenting at 2 tertiary care centers with mandibular fractures with specific interest in subjects who had repeat mandible fractures. Variables recorded included demographic (age, sex, etc) data, fracture location of all fractures treated, and the location of previous fracture. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were completed of the data. RESULTS The sample included a total of 492 subjects and 875 total fractures from both institutions. Four hundred fourty-four (91.1%) were male. The average age of all subjects was 36.4 ± 14.9 years. Twenty-six (5.28%) subjects were previously treated for a mandible fracture. All subjects' subsequent fractures occurred outside of previous ORIF except for 1 subject. Original fracture location (P = .596) and previous ORIF type (P = .689) did not influence if the subsequent fracture was within a site of previous ORIF. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that repeat mandible fractures are relatively rare, likely to occur only 5% of the time at large tertiary care centers. The repeat fracture is not likely to occur in a site of previous ORIF, regardless of the ORIF modality. Furthermore, the fracture is likely to occur on the contralateral side. This is 1 of the largest data sets on repeat mandible fractures, which, given their rarity, are difficult to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Duplantier
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jeffrey S Marschall
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Fabio Ritto
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Austin Welch
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO
| | - Brian Alpert
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Paul S Tiwana
- Professor and Reichmann Chair, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK
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Abdelhalim MM, El Fahar MH. Novel and Affordable Low-Cost Technique for Fixation of Parasymphyseal Fractures in Infants With Unerupted Dentition. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:1732.e1-1732.e6. [PMID: 33775652 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric mandibular fractures are immensely challenging compared to adult fractures. The current update management spectrum ranges from the conservative one in the form of soft diet and regular follow-up, or less invasive surgical intervention by closed reduction and nonrigid fixation, to open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws. In this study, we investigated the use of a straightforward fabricated mold for the parasymphyseal mandibular fracture in infants with an unerupted dentition. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted on 8 infants presenting with parasymphyseal fractures with unerupted dentitions in our specialized trauma center. In the operating room before the induction of anesthesia, the authors used a straightforward plastic airway to create a splint. The curved part was split into 2 transverse halves making 2 U-shaped curved pieces that were utilized as a mold. Intraoperatively, the U-shaped piece was placed over the mandible and stabilized with circummandibular wires. This molded airway is used to stabilize the fracture site for 2-3 weeks. The average period of follow-up was around 6 months. RESULTS The average time of mandibular fixation was 17.6 ± 2.4 SD (14 to 20) days. The mean of the total operative time was 38.7 ± 3.5 SD minutes, ranging from 35 to 45 minutes. Our infants were observed in the outpatient clinic for 6 months postoperatively during the follow-up period. There were no noticeable complications nor any interference with tooth eruption or mandibular growth. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that this technique is straightforward to use and affordable. It does not require a long learning period. It also exhibits the advantage of reducing the cost in many developing countries.
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Management of Mandible Fracture by Plating and Wiring: An Otolaryngologist Perspective at Teritiary Care Center. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 71:417-424. [PMID: 31741997 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The facial area is one of the most frequently injured parts of the body (Abiose in Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24(1):319, 1986; Adi et al. in Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28(3):1949, 1990; Allan and Daly in Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 19(5):26871, 1990), and the mandible is one of the most commonly fractured maxillofacial bones (1990; Azevedo et al. in J Trauma 45(6):10847, 1998; Bremerich et al. in Acta Stomatol Belg 93:511, 1996). Mandible is the only mobile bone of the skeleton, and hence vulnerable to fracture. This is a retrospective study of 50 mandibular fracture cases managed at the Department of ENT, Govt. Medical College Bhavnagar during the 2 years period from 2014 to 2016. Maximum subjects were in age group 21-30 years with a male preponderance. Road traffic accident is the main cause followed by falls and assault. Symphysis is the most common site of Mandibular fracture. Mandible fracture is a common entity in Road traffic accidents. Multiple fractures are seen in 40% of mandibular fracture cases. The results were equally good in patients requiring only MMF (Maxillo Mandibular Fixation) and inpatients requiring MMF and Plating, during the follow up up to 8 weeks. Physiotherapy was advised for all the post op patients after 2 months.
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Bobrowski A, Torriani M, Sonego C, Carvalho PD, Post L, Chagas Júnior O. Complications associated with the treatment of fractures of the dentate portion of the mandible in paediatric patients: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 46:465-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kumar R, Ahmed SS, Hashmi GS, Ansari MK, Rahman SA. Meta Analysis of Etiology and its Clinical and Radiological Correlation in Cases of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016; 15:336-344. [PMID: 27752203 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-015-0862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study was planned to investigate the etiology of injuries and to analyze correlation between clinical and radiological findings in cases of craniomaxillofacial trauma. STUDY DESIGN An 18 months cross-sectional study was done and 325 patients with maxillofacial fractures were analyzed from January 2013 to June 2014 who reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Data was recorded in a preformed case sheet which included: patient's demographic data, cause of injury, type of injury, treatment plan. RESULTS Out of the 325 patients, 74.4 % were males with a male: female ratio of 2.91:1. The 21-30 year age group was found to be maximum. Road traffic accidents accounted for 71.3 %, followed by fall from height (19 %) and assault (9.5 %). Most commonly involved vehicles were two wheelers followed by public transport. Mandibular fractures (65 %) were most prevalent, followed by zygomaticomaxillary complex (44.27 %), parietal bone (48 %) and orbital fractures (21.3 %). Thirty-seven fractures (7.14 %) were missed clinically which were confirmed later by radiographic technique. Maximum were in cranium region (57 %) followed by mandible (27 %), mid face region (16.21 %). Thirty-three fractures (6.37 %) were overestimated or suspected clinically which could not be confirmed by radiographic technique. Maximum were in mandible (48.5 %) followed by mid face (36.33 %) and cranium (15.15 %). CONCLUSION The idea behind this article is to analyze the various trends and affecting factors and correlation between clinical and radiological findings. A better understanding of the above said would help in future treatment planning and management of facial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. ZADCH, AMU, Aligarh, UP 202002 India
| | - Syed Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. ZADCH, AMU, Aligarh, UP 202002 India
| | - Gulam Sarwar Hashmi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. ZADCH, AMU, Aligarh, UP 202002 India
| | - Md Kalim Ansari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. ZADCH, AMU, Aligarh, UP 202002 India
| | - Sajjad Abdur Rahman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. ZADCH, AMU, Aligarh, UP 202002 India
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Owusu JA, Bellile E, Moyer JS, Sidman JD. Patterns of Pediatric Mandible Fractures in the United States. JAMA FACIAL PLAST SU 2016; 18:37-41. [DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2015.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Owusu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - Emily Bellile
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jeffrey S. Moyer
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - James D. Sidman
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Afrooz PN, Bykowski MR, James IB, Daniali LN, Clavijo-Alvarez JA. The Epidemiology of Mandibular Fractures in the United States, Part 1: A Review of 13,142 Cases from the US National Trauma Data Bank. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73:2361-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Namdev R, Jindal A, Bhargava S, Dutta S, Singhal P, Grewal P. Patterns of mandible fracture in children under 12 years in a district trauma center in India. Dent Traumatol 2015; 32:32-6. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Namdev
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry; Post Graduate Institute of dental sciences; Rohtak India
| | - Ayushi Jindal
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry; Post Graduate Institute of dental sciences; Rohtak India
| | - Smriti Bhargava
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry; Post Graduate Institute of dental sciences; Rohtak India
| | - Samir Dutta
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry; Post Graduate Institute of dental sciences; Rohtak India
| | - Parul Singhal
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry; Post Graduate Institute of dental sciences; Rohtak India
| | - Priyanka Grewal
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry; Post Graduate Institute of dental sciences; Rohtak India
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Changes in the characteristics of facial fractures in children and adolescents in Portugal 1993–2012. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53:251-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li Z, David O, Li ZB. The use of resorbable plates in association with dental arch stabilization in the treatment of mandibular fractures in children. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 42:548-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Siwani R, Tombers NM, Rieck KL, Cofer SA. Comparative analysis of fracture characteristics of the developing mandible: the Mayo Clinic experience. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:1066-70. [PMID: 24814233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and compare the epidemiology and treatment of mandibular fractures in subgroups of a pediatric population. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients (age, ≤18 years) with mandibular fractures treated at our institution from January 1996 through November 2011. RESULTS We identified 122 patients (93 [76%] male) with 216 mandibular fractures. The prevalent mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle accidents (n=52 [43%]), sports injuries (n=24 [20%]), and assault (n=13 [11%]). The most common fracture sites were subcondylar, parasymphyseal, angle, and body. Two patients (2%) were treated conservatively by observation only, 67 (55%) underwent maxillomandibular fixation alone, 41 (34%) underwent maxillomandibular fixation with plate fixation, and 7 (5.7%) underwent plate fixation only. The average duration of maxillomandibular fixation was 26 days (range, 7-49 days). Complications occurred in 11 patients (9.0%) over a mean follow-up of 92 days (range, 21-702 days). Fifty patients (41.0%) had comorbid conditions or a history of mental illness at the time of injury, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n=11 [9%]), mental disorders other than attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n=23 [19%]), and asthma (n=17 [14%]). Twenty-six patients (21%) had a history of substance use, the most common being tobacco (n=18 [15%]), alcohol (n=13 [11%]), and marijuana (n=11 [9%]). CONCLUSIONS Treatment approach and outcomes were affected by age and fracture characteristics. In addition, a marked proportion of this cohort had preexisting mental disorders and history of substance use, which may have implications on treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Siwani
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicole M Tombers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kevin L Rieck
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shelagh A Cofer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Bhola N, Jadhav A, Borle R, Khemka G, Adwani N, Bhattad M. Lateral compression open cap splint with circummandibular wiring for management of pediatric mandibular fractures: a retrospective audit of 10 cases. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 18:65-68. [PMID: 23344615 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-013-0391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular fractures are relatively less frequent in children when compared to adults. Pediatric patients present a unique challenge to maxillofacial surgeons in terms of their treatment planning and in their functional needs. We currently describe our experience with lateral compression open cap splint with circummandibular wiring as a treatment modality which involves fewer risks in treating pediatric symphysis/parasymphysis/body mandibular fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with mandibular symphysis/parasymphysis/body fractures operated from January 2007 to January 2012 was performed. Clinical photographs and orthopantomogram assessment at the time of presentation, after treatment, and at 6 months postoperatively were evaluated. RESULTS All the 10 patients were followed up until the period of 6 months, and none of them had any major complications. Postoperatively, there was satisfactory healing and union of fracture fragments in all the patients. Only one patient developed infection at submental region. The 6-month follow-up showed good occlusion, without interference in teeth eruption and no signs of temporomandibular joint problems. CONCLUSIONS Lateral compression open cap splints for treatment of pediatric mandibular symphysis/parasymphysis/body fractures are reliable treatment modalities with regard to occlusion-guided fracture reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Bhola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharastra, India, 442101,
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Collao-González C, Carrasco-Labra A, Sung-Hsieh HH, Cortés-Araya J. Epidemiology of pediatric facial trauma in Chile: a retrospective study of 7,617 cases in 3 years. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19:e99-e105. [PMID: 23986019 PMCID: PMC4015049 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiology of facial trauma injuries in a group of Chilean children aged 15 years or less. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study of case series. Between 2006 and 2009, clinical records of 293,090 patients were reviewed. Data of patients with trauma injuries to the face were collected and evaluated for: age, sex, day and month of hospital admission, cause of injury, anatomical location, type of injury and presence of associated injuries. RESULTS A total of 7,617 patients with 8,944 injuries were found. Boy to girl ratio was 1,7:1. Preschool age children were most frequently affected. Main cause of injury were falls, soft tissue injuries the most common type of injury. Associated injuries occurred in 11% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Facial trauma presents a significant frequency in the group of Chilean children studied. Preeschool age boys were prone to present facial trauma of mild severity associated to falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Collao-González
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, 943 Sergio Livingstone Polhammer, Santiago,
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20
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Bregagnolo LA, Bregagnolo JC, Silveira FD, Bérgamo AL, Santi LND, Watanabe MGDC. Oral and maxillofacial trauma in Brazilian children and adolescents. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:397-401. [PMID: 24173264 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents are frequently victims of oral and maxillofacial trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of oral and maxillofacial trauma that resulted in police records, in children and adolescents aged between 0 and 16 years during a period of 5 years. Among the 28,200 reports analyzed, 463 were included in the study. The men:women ratio observed was 1.6:1 and the most prevalent age range was between 15-16 years (44.40%). Most trauma cases resulted from physical assault (64.50%) and culminated in soft-tissue lesion (80.36%). Excoriations (28.64%) leaded as the most frequent type of lesion, and the maxillary region (22.63%) was the most common location of injury. The most common type of dental lesion was dental trauma (54.76%), and bone fractures prevailed in the nasal region (36.7%). The findings of this survey may contribute to plan and execute preventive measures as well as to guide curative measures aimed at this population group.
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Park MS, Chung CY, Choi IH, Kim TW, Sung KH, Lee SY, Lee SH, Kwon DG, Park JW, Kim TG, Choi Y, Cho TJ, Yoo WJ, Lee KM. Incidence patterns of pediatric and adolescent orthopaedic fractures according to age groups and seasons in South Korea: a population-based study. Clin Orthop Surg 2013; 5:161-6. [PMID: 24009900 PMCID: PMC3758984 DOI: 10.4055/cios.2013.5.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fractures which need urgent or emergency treatment are common in children and adolescents. This study investigated the incidence patterns of pediatric and adolescent orthopaedic fractures according to age groups and seasons in South Korea based on population data. Methods Data on the number of pediatric and adolescent patients under the age of 18 years who utilized medical services due to fractures were retrieved from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment service in South Korea. The data included four upper extremity and two lower extremity fractures according to four age groups (0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-18 years). Incidences of the fractures were calculated as the incidence per 10,000 per year, and patterns according to age groups and seasons were demonstrated. Results The annual incidence of clavicle, distal humerus, both forearm bone, distal radius, femoral shaft and tibial shaft fractures were 27.5, 34.6, 7.7, 80.1, 2.5, and 9.6 per 10,000 per year in children and adolescents, respectively. Clavicle and distal radius fractures showed significant seasonal variation for all age groups but femoral shaft fracture showed no significant seasonal variation for any of the age groups. Conclusions The four upper extremity fractures tended to show greater variations than the two lower extremity fractures in the nationwide database in South Korea. The study results are believed to be helpful in the planning and assignment of medical resources for fracture management in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Seok Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Madsen M, Tiwana PS, Alpert B. The use of risdon cables in pediatric maxillofacial trauma: a technique revisited. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2013; 5:107-10. [PMID: 23730427 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although less common than adult fractures, fractures of the pediatric maxillofacial skeleton present unique challenges. Different considerations including variations of anatomy including tooth buds, dental variations, as well as considerations for future growth must be addressed. When traditional techniques to treat adult fractures are applied for securing intermaxillary fixation (IMF) such as arch bars, difficulty arises because the primary teeth are shorter and conventional arch bar techniques may slip off intra or postoperatively. We present a technique to achieve both IMF as well as interdental stability using a Risdon cable. Although this technique is not new, we present it as our preferred method for treating pediatric fractures of the facial skeleton where IMF must be accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Madsen
- Department of Surgical and Hospital Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Incidence and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents: a 10 years retrospective cohort study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:494-8. [PMID: 23318124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics of maxillofacial fractures between children and adolescents. METHODS The sample was composed of all children (less than 12 years) and adolescents (between 13 and 18 years old) who presented with maxillofacial fractures during a 10-year period (2000-2009). The age, gender, time of injury, mechanism of trauma, location and pattern of fracture, associated injuries, and treatment methods were recorded and analyzed. Data analysis included Chi-Square test, Fisher exact test. p less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Seventy-nine children (male-to-female ratio, 1.63:1) and 113 adolescents (male-to-female ratio, 3.52:1) sustained 389 maxillofacial fractures. Children were more involved in falls compared to adolescents (44.3% versus 23.9%, p=0.003), while adolescents sustained more assault-related injuries (13.3% versus 2.5%, p=0.010) and motorcycle accidents (22.1% versus 8.9%, p=0.015) compared to children. Children suffered mandibular fractures proportionally higher than adolescents (93.1% versus 64.5%, p<0.001). Adolescents sustained mid-facial fractures more frequently than children (35.5% versus 6.9%, p<0.001). Severe facial fractures occurred more in adolescents compared to children (35.4% versus 14.1%, p=0.001). Open reduction was done more in adolescents than in children (92.3% versus 74.6%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The incidence and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in children were remarkably different from that in adolescents. Preventive measures and treatment plan should be designed with differences between the two groups in mind.
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Nardis ADC, Costa SAP, da Silva RA, Kaba SCP. Patterns of paediatric facial fractures in a hospital of São Paulo, Brazil: a retrospective study of 3 years. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 41:226-9. [PMID: 23062741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze patterns of facial fractures in children treated at the Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Vila Penteado General Hospital (HGVP), in São Paulo, Brazil, in a period of 3 years. Between May 2008 and April 2011 the authors reviewed 110 records of patients under 12 years old with facial fractures. The following parameters were evaluated: age and sex distribution, aetiology of trauma, incidence and type of fractures, monthly distribution and treatment modality. Male-to-female ratio was 1.8:1, and the mean age was 8.13. The majority of the involved patients were aged between 6 and 12 years. The most prevalent cause was fall (58%) and nasal fractures were the most common type of fracture (69%). Monthly distribution was similar in all seasons. Of 110 patients, 69 (62%) were treated conservatively. The incidence of facial fractures in the area of study is high. The high incidence of nasal fractures should be a warning to maxillofacial surgeons, so that they are not overlooked. Safety programs should be installed in Brazil to increase public awareness and to decrease morbidity resulting from paediatric trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda da Costa Nardis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vila Penteado General Hospital, Av. Ministro Petrônio Portela, 1642, Freguesia do Ó, CEP: 02802-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Thorén H, Schaller B, Suominen AL, Lindqvist C. Occurrence and Severity of Concomitant Injuries in Other Areas Than the Face in Children With Mandibular and Midfacial Fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 70:92-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.06.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kale TP, Urologin SB, Kapoor A, Lingaraj JB, Kotrashetti SM. Open cap splint with circummandibular wiring for management of pediatric mandibular parasymphysis/symphysis fracture as a definitive treatment modality; a case series. Dent Traumatol 2011; 29:410-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Closed reduction of laterally displaced fracture/dislocation of the mandibular condylar process in a child. J Craniofac Surg 2011; 22:1504-6. [PMID: 21778847 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e31821d4db6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a unique case of isolated lateral fracture/dislocation of the condylar process in a 3-year-old child injured on an escalator. Immediate closed reduction under general anesthesia successfully restored condylar height and premorbid dental occlusion. Maxillomandibular fixation was not used because mandibular mobilization was encouraged. Clinical follow-up confirmed maintenance of normal dental occlusion and temporomandibular joint function.
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Abstract
There have been considerable advances in the management of craniomaxillofacial injuries in children. Conservative approaches such as close observation, a liquid-to-soft diet, and analgesics can be used for the management of mandibular fractures without displacement and malocclusion. However, displaced fractures need to be an anatomic reduction and immobilization. The basic principle of displaced mandibular fractures in both children and adults is the stabilization of fracture fragments forming the pretraumatic contour and occlusion state until osteosynthesis occurs. The major differences of pediatric fractures from adults are the flexibility of bones and very rapid healing pattern. Therefore, reduction in pediatric age group must be accomplished earlier. This case was an 11-year-old boy presented with a severely displaced parasymphyseal mandibular fracture resulting from a fall. He was given a soft diet and analgesic, given anti-inflammatory treatment of edema, and scheduled for operation. Subsequently, it was surprisingly observed that there was a significant improvement in the fracture line on the 12th posttraumatic day. The comparison of maxillofacial computed tomographic scans of the first and 12th posttraumatic days revealed a noteworthy remodeling and a remarkable approximation of the fracture lines. It can be concluded that bone remodelization in the pediatric age groups is perfect and very rapid, even in severely displaced fractures.
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Atilgan S, Erol B, Yaman F, Yilmaz N, Ucan MC. Mandibular fractures: a comparative analysis between young and adult patients in the southeast region of Turkey. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:17-22. [PMID: 20379677 PMCID: PMC5349041 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to review and compare the differences between mandibular fractures in young and adult patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Department of Dicle University during a five-year period between 2000 and 2005 were retrospectively evaluated with respect to age groups, gender, etiology, localization and type of fractures, treatment methods and complications. RESULTS 532 patients were included in the study, 370 (70%) males and 162 (30%) females, with a total of 744 mandibular fractures. The mean age of young patients was 10, with a male-female ratio of 2:1. The mean age of adult patients was 28, with a male-female ratio of 3:1. The most common causes of injury were falls (65%) in young patients and traffic accidents (38%) in adults. The most common fracture sites were the symphysis (35%) and condyle (36%) in young patients, and the symphysis in adults (36%). Mandibular fractures were generally treated by arch bar and maxillomandibular fixation in both young (67%) and adult (39%) patients, and 43% of the adult patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. CONCLUSION There was a similar gender, monthly and type of treatment distribution in both young and adult patients in the southeast region of Turkey. However, there were differences regarding age, etiology and fracture site. These findings between young and adult patients are broadly similar to those from other studies. Analysis of small differences may be an important factor in assessing educational and socioeconomic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Atilgan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
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30
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Kim HR, Kim YG. Clinical study of maxillofacial trauma of children. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2010.36.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Ryeol Kim
- Departement of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of dentistry, The Armed Forces Yangju Hospital, Korea
| | - Yeo-Gab Kim
- Departement of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Korea
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31
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Retrospective Analysis of Two Hundred Thirty-Five Pediatric Mandibular Fracture Cases. Ann Plast Surg 2009; 63:522-30. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e318194fdab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Kazem-Neja K, Khosravi H. The Pattern of Maxillofacial Fractures in Golestan Province, Iran: A 3 Year Study of 221 Cases (2003-2005). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2007.1057.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kocabay C, Ataç MS, Oner B, Güngör N. The conservative treatment of pediatric mandibular fracture with prefabricated surgical splint: a case report. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23:247-50. [PMID: 17635360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of rigid fixation in children is controversial and may cause growth retardation along cranial suture lines. Intermaxillary fixation for mandibular fractures should be used cautiously as bony ankylosis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and trismus may develop. The high osteogenic potential of the pediatric mandible allows non-surgical management to be successful in younger patients with conservative approaches. In this case, successful conservative treatment of mandibular fracture of a 3-year-old patient is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Kocabay
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara,
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