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Adeghate J, Rahmatnejad K, Waisbourd M, Katz LJ. Intraocular pressure-independent management of normal tension glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2018; 64:101-110. [PMID: 30300625 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Adeghate
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kamran Rahmatnejad
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Waisbourd
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Ophthalmology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Tel-Aviv University Medical Center, Glaucoma Research Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - L Jay Katz
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Ophthalmology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Cha JB, Kwon MY, Chung SW, Woo JM. Neuroprotective Effects of Betaxolol Mediated by Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction in RGC-5. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Bong Cha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Min Young Kwon
- Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Natural Science, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Natural Science, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Je Moon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Huang J, Zhou L, Wang H, Luo J, Xiong K, Zeng L, Chen D. Spatiotemporal alterations of presynaptic elements in the retina after high intraocular pressure. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1234-40. [PMID: 25709621 PMCID: PMC4336957 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.16.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A rat model of acute high intraocular pressure was established by injecting saline into the anterior chamber of the left eye. Synaptophysin expression was increased in the inner plexiform layer at 2 hours following injury, and was widely distributed in the outer plexiform layer at 3–7 days, and then decreased to the normal level at 14 days. This suggests that expression of this presynaptic functional protein experienced spatiotemporal alterations after elevation of intraocular pressure. There was no significant change in the fluorescence intensity and distribution pattern for synapse-associated protein 102 following elevated intraocular pressure. Synapse-associated protein 102 immunoreactivity was confined to the outer plexiform layer, while synaptophysin immunoreactivity spread into the outer plexiform layer and the outer nuclear layer at 3 and 7 days following injury. These alterations in presynaptic elements were not accompanied by changes in postsynaptic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Leping Zeng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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The β-adrenergic system as a possible new target for pharmacologic treatment of neovascular retinal diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 42:103-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shih GC, Calkins DJ. Secondary neuroprotective effects of hypotensive drugs and potential mechanisms of action. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 7:161-175. [PMID: 22737176 DOI: 10.1586/eop.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma, a long-term degenerative ocular neuropathy, remains a significant cause of vision impairment worldwide. While many risk factors have been correlated with increased risk for primary open-angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the only modifiable risk factor and primary therapeutic target. Pharmacologic therapies are administered topically; these include α(2)-agonists, β-antagonists, prostaglandin analogs and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Some of these topical medications exhibit secondary neuroprotective effects independent of their effect on IOP. This review covers the possible mechanisms of neuroprotection stimulated by drugs currently marketed for the lowering of IOP, based on known literature. While the neuroprotective properties of many glaucoma pharmaceuticals are promising from an experimental standpoint, key challenges for the development of new clinical practices include unknown systemic side effects, limited methods of drug delivery to the retina and optic nerve, and development of extended-release formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Shih
- The Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, 11435 MRB IV, 2215B Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Neuroprotection of medical IOP-lowering therapy. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353:245-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tasi WC, Petersen-Jones SM, Huang PY, Lin CT. The neuroprotective effects of lidocaine and methylprednisolone in a rat model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:307-13. [PMID: 21997238 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a common cause of visual impairment for humans and animals. The neuroprotective effects of lidocaine (LDC) and methylprednisolone (MP) upon retinal ischemic injury were investigated in a rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, the IR control, LDC and MP. A very high intraocular pressure (HIOP) and retinal ischemia were induced. In LDC group, LDC bolus (1.5 mg/kg) was i.v. injected 30 min before ischemia and then a constant rate infusion (CRI) with 2 mg/kg/hr was given until 60 min after reperfusion. In MP group, MP bolus (30 mg/kg) was i.v. administered twice at 2 min before and immediately after ischemia, respectively. The HIOP damage to retina was evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) and morphometrical histology. The functional analysis of the retina by ERG revealed a 35.2% reduction of a-wave in the IR group, 49.7% reduction in the LDC group but no significant change in the MP group compared to normal controls. An 81.0% reduction of b-wave was observed in the IR group, 80.7% reduction in the LDC group and 17.6% reduction in the MP group. In the morphometrical histology, the retinal inner plexiform layer/outer nuclear layer (IPL/ONL) ratio was reduced to 48.8% in the IR group, 80.1% in the LDC group and 96.2% in MP group. In conclusion, the MP showed significantly good neuroprotective effects on retinal IR injury, and the LDC showed moderate neuroprotective effects demonstrated in retinal structure but not in retinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chih Tasi
- Department of Comparative Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dan C, Jian-Bin T, Hui W, Le-Ping Z, Jin Z, Ju-Fang H, Xue-Gang L. Synaptophysin expression in rat retina following acute high intraocular pressure. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2008; 41:173-8. [PMID: 19180202 PMCID: PMC2629489 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.08034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to injury, synapse alteration may occur earlier than the changes in the cell body of neurons. Although retinal ganglion cell death and thinning of the inner part of retina were found after acute high intraocular pressure (HIOP), the structural and functional changes of synapses in the retina remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the protein and mRNA expression of synaptophysin (SYN), an important molecule closely related to synaptic activities, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In addition, we also studied the ultrastructural changes of the retinal synapses. We found that (1) synaptophysin was upregulated transiently at both protein and mRNA level following HIOP; (2) broadened distribution of synaptophysin protein was present within the outer nuclear layer at the early stage following HIOP; (3) in the outer nuclear layer bouton-like vesicle-containing structures were observed by electron microscopy. This data suggested that, besides degeneration, synapses in rat retina may undergo regenerative events following HIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dan
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University
| | - Tong Jian-Bin
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University
| | - Wang Hui
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University
| | - Zeng Le-Ping
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University
| | - Zhou Jin
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University
| | - Huang Ju-Fang
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University
| | - Luo Xue-Gang
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University
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Cheon EW, Park CH, Kim YS, Cho CH, Chung YC, Kwon JG, Yoo JM, Choi WS, Cho GJ. Protective effects of betaxolol in eyes with kainic acid-induced neuronal death. Brain Res 2006; 1069:75-85. [PMID: 16387283 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether betaxolol, a selective beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist, has neuroprotective effect on kainic acid (KA)-induced retinal damage. Neurotoxicities were induced in adult male rats by intravitreal injection of KA (total amount, 6 nmol). To examine the neuroprotective effects of betaxolol, rats were pretreated with betaxolol topically 60 min before KA injection to the rat eyes and twice daily for 1, 3, and 7 days after KA injection. The neuroprotective effects of betaxolol were estimated by measuring the thickness of the various retinal layers, and by counting the number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)- and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in each retinal layer. The retina is highly vulnerable to KA-induced neuronal damage. Morphometric analysis of retinal damage in KA injected eyes, the thickness of the retinal layers decreased markedly after KA injection period of both 3 and 7 days. Furthermore, the numbers of ChAT- and TH-positive cells were significantly reduced by intravitreal injection of KA. However, when two drops of betaxolol, once before KA injection and twice daily for 7 days after KA injection, were continuously administered, the reductions in the retinal thickness and the retinal ChAT- and TH-positive cells were significantly attenuated. The present study suggests that topically applied betaxolol has neuroprotective effect on the retinal cell damage due to KA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Woo Cheon
- Division of Food Science, Jinju International University, 270 San Sangmun-ri Munsan-eup, Jinju, Kyungnam 660-759, South Korea
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Osborne NN, Wood JPM, Chidlow G. Invited Review: Neuroprotective Properties of Certain β-Adrenoceptor Antagonists Used for the Treatment of Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21:175-81. [PMID: 15969634 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2005.21.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that ganglion cell death causes loss of vision in glaucoma, the pathogenesis of the disease is complex, probably involving an initial ischemic insult to the ganglion cell axons and glial cells with the ganglion cell bodies eventually being affected. It may therefore be necessary to blunt many stages in the pathogenesis of the disease to obtain a clinically effective neuroprotective strategy. In animal experiments, one cause of ganglion cell death in ischemia is an overactivation of glutamate receptors and a subsequent rise in intracellular levels of sodium and calcium ions as well as a generation of reactive oxygen species. In contrast, optic nerve death in ischemia is mainly caused by an influx of sodium and reversal of the sodium/calcium exchanger, which leads to a rise in intracellular calcium. Thus, a substance that reduces the influx of sodium will protect the ganglion cell axon, and if it also reduces calcium influx and/or acts as an antioxidant it will protect the ganglion cell body in addition. Of all antiglaucoma drugs, only beta-blockers have both calcium and sodium channel blocking activity, with betaxolol being the most efficacious of those analyzed. In addition, of the tested ophthalmic beta-blockers only metipranolol has powerful antioxidant properties. Moreover, laboratory studies on rats have shown that topically applied beta-blockers attenuate ischemic injury to ganglion cells by mechanisms that do not appear to involve an action on beta-receptors. Thus, of the substances used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma, beta-blockers have unique additional characteristics that also give them the capacity to act as neuroprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville N Osborne
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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