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Meddows-Taylor S, Donninger SL, Paximadis M, Schramm DB, Anthony FS, Gray GE, Kuhn L, Tiemessen CT. Reduced ability of newborns to produce CCL3 is associated with increased susceptibility to perinatal human immunodeficiency virus 1 transmission. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:2055-2065. [PMID: 16760409 PMCID: PMC2365885 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of CC chemokines in protection against mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission is not well understood. It was observed that mitogen-induced production of CCL3 and CCL4 by cord-blood mononuclear cells was increased among infants born to HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative mothers, and that a deficiency in production of CCL3 was associated with increased susceptibility to intrapartum HIV-1 infection. CCL3-L1 gene copy number was associated with CCL3 production and with vertical transmission. However, at equivalent CCL3-L1 gene copy numbers, infants who acquired HIV-1 infection relative to their exposed but uninfected counterparts had lower production of CCL3, suggesting that they may harbour some non-functional copies of this gene. Nucleotide changes that may influence CCL3 production were evident in the CCL3 and CCL3-L1 genes upstream of exon 2. Our findings suggest that infants who display a deficient-production phenotype of CCL3 are at increased risk of acquiring HIV-1, indicating that this chemokine in particular plays an essential role in protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Meddows-Taylor
- AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Samantha L. Donninger
- AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Maria Paximadis
- AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Diana B. Schramm
- AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Fiona S. Anthony
- AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Glenda E. Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, South Africa
| | - Louise Kuhn
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Centre, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Caroline T. Tiemessen
- AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
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