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Son SU, Kim TE, Park JH, Suh HJ, Shin KS. Immunostimulating effects of ulvan type polysaccharide isolated from Korean Ulva pertusa in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133518. [PMID: 38960236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the immunostimulatory activities of ulvan type polysaccharides isolated from Ulva pertusa. First, U. pertusa polysaccharide (UPP) mainly consists of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid, and xylose, which are typical ulvan type monosaccharides. UPP induced phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways in macrophages, subsequently triggering cytokine release and phagocytosis. The effects were closely associated with pattern recognition receptors such as dectin-1, mannose receptor, CD11b, CD14, and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Moreover, prophylactic administration of UPP was found to protect against body weight loss and lymphatic organ damage in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. In addition, UPP demonstrated significant stimulatory effects on various immunocytes, such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells derived from the spleen. These effects were closely related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways, and significant secretion of immunostimulatory cytokines such as IL-6, -12, and TNF-α was noted in both blood and spleen samples. Impairment of the short-chain fatty acid balance in the cecum was prevented by UPP administration in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, these results suggest that the UPP isolated from U. pertusa contributes to immune system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health System, Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Hyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health System, Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Guan L, Zhu L, Wang K, Gao Y, Li J, Yan S, Ji N, Zhou Y, Yao X, Li B. A review of the extraction and purification methods, biological activities, and applications of active compounds in Acanthopanax senticosus. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1391601. [PMID: 38846546 PMCID: PMC11153764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1391601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) is a geo-authentic crude medicinal plant that grows in China, Korea, Russia, and Japan. AS contains bioactive compounds such as eleutherosides, polysaccharides, and flavonoids. It is also a key traditional herb in the Red List of Chinese Species. AS is mainly distributed in Northeast China, specifically in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces. Its active compounds contribute to significant biological activities, including neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-fatigue, and antitumor effects. However, the extraction methods of active compounds are complex, the extraction efficiency is poor, and the structure-activity relationship is unclear. This study focused on the nutrients in AS, including protein, carbohydrates, and lipids. Particularly, the active ingredients (eleutherosides, polysaccharides, and flavonoids) in AS and their extraction and purification methods were analyzed and summarized. The biological activities of extracts have been reviewed, and the mechanisms of anti-oxidation, antitumor, anti-inflammation, and other activities are introduced in detail. The applications of AS in various domains, such as health foods, medicines, and animal dietary supplements, are then reported. Compared with other extraction methods, ultrasonic or microwave extraction improves efficiency, yet they can damage structures. Challenges arise in the recovery of solvents and in achieving extraction efficiency when using green solvents, such as deep eutectic solvents. Improvements can be made by combining extraction methods and controlling conditions (power, temperature, and time). Bioactive molecules and related activities are exposited clearly. The applications of AS have not been widely popularized, and the corresponding functions require further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Zhang
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Lijun Guan
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Kunlun Wang
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jialei Li
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Song Yan
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Nina Ji
- Soybean Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xinmiao Yao
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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Son SU, Choi EH, Shin KS. Effects of rhamnogalacturonan-I type polysaccharide purified from Curcuma longa on immunostimulatory and intracellular signaling pathway mechanisms of macrophages. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Effects of intravenous administration of polysaccharide purified from fermented barley on tumor metastasis inhibition via immunostimulating activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lee DY, Park CW, Lee SJ, Park HR, Kim SH, Son SU, Park J, Shin KS. Anti-Cancer Effects of Panax ginseng Berry Polysaccharides via Activation of Immune-Related Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1411. [PMID: 32038228 PMCID: PMC6988799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng has long been used as natural medicine and health food all over the world. Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide and its prognosis likely depends on the immune system during tumor treatment. In this study, ginseng berry polysaccharides were evaluated for their immunostimulant and anti-cancer effects. Ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) was used to investigate its effects on anti-complementary activity, peritoneal macrophage activation, and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, both intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration of GBPP prior to B16-BL6 melanoma implantation in mice was evaluated. GBPP significantly increased the anti-complementary activity and cytokine production including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, dose-dependently. Splenocytes obtained after i.v. administration of GBPP showed cytolytic activity in Yac-1 cells in proportion to the E/T ratio. In addition, GBPP enhanced the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and granzyme B of NK cells. For the experimental lung cancer, compared with control mice, GBPP delivered by i.v. suppressed cancer by 48% at 100 μg/mouse, while a 37% reduction was achieved by oral administration. Deficient of NK cells in animal model demonstrated that the anti-cancer effect of GBPP was through NK cell activation. Results of this study suggest that ginseng berry polysaccharides, owing to their modulation of the immune response, can be a potential curative applicant for the prevention and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chan Woong Park
- R&D Center, Vital Beautie Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- R&D Center, Vital Beautie Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Seung-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
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Lee DY, Park CW, Lee SJ, Park HR, Seo DB, Park JY, Park J, Shin KS. Immunostimulating and Antimetastatic Effects of Polysaccharides Purified from Ginseng Berry. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:823-839. [PMID: 31091972 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng root has been used in traditional oriental medicine for the enhancement of immune system function. The immunostimulatory effects of ginseng berry polysaccharides, however, remain unclear. Effects of polysaccharides from ginseng berry on the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and inhibition of tumors are reported. A crude polysaccharide was isolated from ginseng berry as a ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) and was further fractionated using gel filtration chromatography to obtain the three polysaccharide fractions GBPP-I, -II and -III. GBPP-I consisted of mainly galactose (46.9%) and arabinose (27.5%). GBPP-I showed a high dose-dependent anticomplementary activity. Stimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages by GBPP-I showed the greatest enhancement of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α production. In addition, an ex vivo assay of natural killer (NK) cell activity showed that oral ( p.o.) administration of GBPP-I significantly increased NK cell cytotoxicity in YAC-1 tumor cells and production of granzyme B. Prophylactic intravenous ( i.v.) and p.o. administration of GBPP-I significantly and dose-dependently inhibited lung metastatic activity in B16BL6 melanoma cells. Depletion of NK cells after injection of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of GBPP-I on lung metastasis, indicating that NK cells play an important role in anticancer effects. GBPP-I exerts a strong immune-enhancing activity and can prevent cancer metastasis through activation of NK cells and other immune-related cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Lee
- * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woong Park
- † Vital Beautie Research Institute, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea.,‡ Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Park
- * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bang Seo
- † Vital Beautie Research Institute, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Park
- * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- ‡ Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- * Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
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Meng Q, Pan J, Liu Y, Chen L, Ren Y. Anti-tumour effects of polysaccharide extracted from Acanthopanax senticosus and cell-mediated immunity. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:1694-1701. [PMID: 29434755 PMCID: PMC5774378 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthopanax senticosus, also known as Siberian ginseng, is widely distributed throughout northern Asia and used in traditional Chinese medicine; it has been reported to prevent a number of diseases. However, the association between the antitumour and immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharide extracted from A. senticosus (ASPS) remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-tumour and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide extracted from ASPS on Crocker sarcoma S180, hepatic carcinoma H22 and uterine cervical carcinoma U14 tumour cell lines implanted in mice. High performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyse the monosaccharide composition of ASPS. The monosaccharide composition of ASPS (Arabic candy: Xylose: Glucose: Mannose) was 7.1:22.3:7.6:1.0. On day 0, female Kunming mice, were injected subcutaneously with 1×108 tumour cells in 0.2 ml. The inoculated mice were subsequently divided into five groups (10 mice/group) as follows: Model group, treated with normal saline; positive control group, treated with 30 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CTX); and three treatment groups, treated with 200, 100 or 50 mg/kg ASPS. Non-inoculated mice were divided into the normal group, which was treated with normal saline, and the negative control group, which was treated with 200 mg/kg ASPS (n=10/group). CTX and ASPS were administered intragastrically once daily for 10 days. All mice were sacrificed on day 11. ASPS was observed to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of S180, H22 and U14 cells in solid and ascites tumour-bearing mice. Serum interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-12 levels were significantly increased in S180 solid tumour-bearing mice treated with 200 or 100 mg/kg ASPS compared with mice in the normal, control and model groups (P<0.05), whereas serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels were significantly decreased in the cyclophosphamide treatment group compared with the normal, control and model groups (P<0.05). No significant difference in serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-α level was observed between any groups. In S180 and U14 solid tumour-bearing mice, no significant differences in serum levels of interferon (INF)-γ level in were observed between groups; however, in H22 solid tumour-bearing mice, treatment with ASPS significantly increased serum INF-γ compared with the positive control group (P<0.05). The results may provide a basis for the potential application of ASPS in clinical treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Meng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhi Pan
- Tuberculous Meningitis Research Center, Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130123, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Innovation and Development Centre of Small and Medium Enterprises, Siping, Jilin 136000, P.R. China
| | - Yueying Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
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Polysaccharides from ginseng leaves inhibit tumor metastasis via macrophage and NK cell activation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:1327-1333. [PMID: 28522391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we purified the polysaccharide fraction (GS-P) from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and analyzed its monosaccharide composition and antitumor and antimetastatic activity in vitro and in vivo. GS-P is a 10.2kDa pectic polysaccharide consisting of 15 different monosaccharides. GS-P treatment significantly inhibited metastasis in mice, in a dose-dependent manner. GS-P was not cytotoxic to colon 26-M3.1 cells and increased mouse splenocyte proliferation. Secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-12 was enhanced in the peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs) of GS-P-treated mice. Moreover, PEMs obtained from GS-P-treated mice showed significantly higher tumoricidal activity against colon 26-M3.1 cells, and splenocytes from GS-P-treated mice significantly enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 tumor cells. Pretreatment with anti-asialo GM1 (an antibody for NK cell depletion) partly suppressed the inhibitory effects of GS-P on lung metastasis. These data suggest that GS-P exhibits antimetastatic activity by promoting the activation of macrophages and NK cells.
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Li WW, Wang HY, Zhang YQ. A novel chitosan hydrogel membrane by an improved electrophoretic deposition and its characteristics in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 74:287-297. [PMID: 28254297 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel chitosan hydrogel membrane (CHM) created by an improved electrophoretic deposition. Unlike a traditional CHM by electrophoretic deposition, the CHM was formed on a nanoporous film as a barrier using a homemade device at a high DC voltage (60 VDC). The CHM maximum recovery of 81.7% could be achieved after 1h of electrophoretic deposition. The transparent CHM with an elongation of 42.46% and swelling index of 538.86% was a mixture of type I and type II crystal structures. SEM revealed that the CHM had an irregular net structure. The CHM was sufficient for L-929 mouse fibroblast cell adhesion and growth. To demonstrate immunocompatibility with host tissues, H&E and TGF-β1 were observed and the expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB were measured up to 3weeks post-implantation. Although these scaffolds demonstrated an initial pro-inflammatory response, the amount of inflammatory cells and the expressions of TGF-β1 returned to baseline control values at 3weeks. The expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB had no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Animal experiments showed that the CHM did not incite serious inflammatory reactions. Thus, the CHM is a promising medical biomaterial candidate for loading appropriate cells for use as artificial skin or in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Li
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Bhattacharjee P, Naskar D, Maiti TK, Bhattacharya D, Das P, Nandi SK, Kundu SC. Potential of non-mulberry silk protein fibroin blended and grafted poly(Є-caprolactone) nanofibrous matrices for in vivo bone regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:431-439. [PMID: 27037780 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An in vivo investigation is conducted to evaluate effectiveness of poly(Є-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous matrices, with non-mulberry silk fibroin (NSF) (from Antheraea mylitta) inclusion, for bone tissue engineering. Inclusion is achieved by either blending NSF with PCL prior to electrospinning substrates or by grafting NSF onto electrospun PCL substrates. Proceeding from our previous in vitro results, showing that NSF grafted matrices have an edge when it comes to aiding cellular adhesion and proliferation, animal trials using rabbits are planned. As this is first in vivo trial of nanofibrous scaffolds with silk fibroin from A. mylitta, aim is to both evaluate the grafted and blended scaffolds independently and compare the method of silk fibroin introduction into the nanofibrous structures. The scaffolds are implanted at bone defect site in distal metaphysis region of the rabbits' femur. Host tissue immuno-compatibility of implants is assessed from measurements of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α level through 4 weeks after implantation. Barring an initial inflammatory response, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels fall back at baseline values in 2 or 4 weeks, thus confirming long term compatibility. Substantial interfacial bonding strength between grafts and host bone is evidenced from mechanical push-out test. Formation of bone tissue for both implant varieties is confirmed using histological and radiological examinations along with fluorochrome labelling and scanning electron microscopy. Significantly better bone formation is observed for NSF grafted matrices. The cumulative results from in vivo tests indicate suitability of NSF grafted PCL nanofibrous matrix as an ECM for bone repair and regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promita Bhattacharjee
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Deboki Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Tapas K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Debasis Bhattacharya
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Piyali Das
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Samit Kumar Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India.
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
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Byun EB, Park SH, Jang BS, Sung NY, Byun EH. Gamma-irradiated β-glucan induces immunomodulation and anticancer activity through MAPK and NF-κB pathways. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:695-702. [PMID: 25880631 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate the antitumor activity of low-molecular-weight β-glucan (LMBG) produced by gamma irradiation (50 kGy), using in vivo and in vitro models. RESULTS The results indicate that treatment with LMBG increased the proliferation of murine peritoneal macrophages, and their production of tumor necrosis factor α and nitric oxide, to a greater extent than treatment with high-molecular-weight β-glucan (HMBG). The activation of peritoneal macrophages by LMBG was mediated by both mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB signaling. Interestingly, when administered prophylactically, LMBG significantly inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice injected with B16BL6 melanoma cells compared with the HMBG-treated group. In comparison with HMBG treatment, LMBG treatment also elevated cell proliferation, cytokine (interferon-γ and interleukin-2) production, and CD8(+) T cell populations in splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION These data indicate that LMBG is important in eliciting antitumor activity through a non-specific immune response and may play a major role as a value-added product in the medical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 580-185, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 580-185, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Su Jang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 580-185, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Yun Sung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, 340-800, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hong Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, 340-800, Republic of Korea
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Lebrec H, Ponce R, Preston BD, Iles J, Born TL, Hooper M. Tumor necrosis factor, tumor necrosis factor inhibition, and cancer risk. Curr Med Res Opin 2015; 31:557-74. [PMID: 25651481 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1011778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine with multiple activities other than its originally discovered role of tumor necrosis in rodents. TNF is now understood to play a contextual role in driving either tumor elimination or promotion. Using both animal and human data, this review examines the role of TNF in cancer development and the effect of TNF and TNF inhibitors (TNFis) on malignancy risk. RESEARCH DESIGN A literature review was performed using relevant search terms for TNF and malignancy. RESULTS Although administration of TNF can cause tumor regression in specific rodent tumor models, human expression polymorphisms suggest that TNF can be a tumor-promoting cytokine, whereas blocking the TNF pathway in a variety of tumor models inhibits tumor growth. In addition to direct effects of TNF on tumors, TNF can variously affect immunity and the tumor microenvironment. Whereas TNF can promote immune surveillance designed to eliminate tumors, it can also drive chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, angiogenesis, and other processes that promote tumor initiation, growth, and spread. Key players in TNF signaling that shape this response include NF-κB and JNK, and malignant-inflammatory cell interactions, each of which may have different responses to TNF signaling. Focusing on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, where clinical experience is most extensive, a review of the clinical literature shows no increased risk of overall malignancy or solid tumors such as breast and lung cancers with exposure to TNFis. Lymphoma rates are not increased with use of TNFis. Conflicting data exist regarding the risks of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Data regarding the risk of recurrent malignancy are limited. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the available data indicate that elevated TNF is a risk factor for cancer, whereas its inhibition in RA patients is not generally associated with an increased cancer risk. In particular, TNF inhibition is not associated with cancers linked to immune suppression. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment, molecular events underlying specific tumors, and epidemiologic studies of malignancies within specific disease indications should enable more focused pharmacovigilance studies and a better understanding of the potential risks of TNFis.
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Kim DS, Hurh BS, Shin KS. Chemical Characteristics and Immuno-Stimulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Fermented Vinegars Manufactured with Different Raw Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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El-Shenawy NS, AL-Harbi MS, Hamza RZ. Effect of vitamin E and selenium separately and in combination on biochemical, immunological and histological changes induced by sodium azide in male mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Lee EH, Park HR, Shin MS, Cho SY, Choi HJ, Shin KS. Antitumor metastasis activity of pectic polysaccharide purified from the peels of Korean Citrus Hallabong. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Li C, Meng M, Chen D, Wang Z, Han H, Chen H, Zhang J, Li X. The immunostimulatory effect of novel immunostimulator CH2b with a thiazolidin-4-one ring on the functions of LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:698-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Meng M, Li C, Chen D, Wang Z, Hong Y, Chen H, Li X, Zhang J, Wang FS. Novel synthetic immunostimulators with a thiazolidin-4-one ring promote the cytotoxicity of human NK Cells via ERK1/2 activation in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:655-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Sung NY, Byun EB, Song DS, Jin YB, Kim JK, Park JH, Song BS, Jung PM, Byun MW, Lee JW, Park SH, Kim JH. Effect of gamma irradiation on mistletoe (Viscum album) lectin-mediated toxicity and immunomodulatory activity. FEBS Open Bio 2013; 3:106-11. [PMID: 23847758 PMCID: PMC3668527 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation on the reduction of the toxicity of mistletoe lectin using both in vitro and in vivo models. To extract the lectin from mistletoe, an (NH4)2SO4 precipitation method was employed and the precipitant purified using a Sepharose 4B column to obtain the pure lectin fraction. Purified lectin was then gamma-irradiated at doses of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 kGy, or heated at 100 °C for 30 min. Toxic effects of non-irradiated, irradiated, and heat-treated lectins were tested using hemagglutination assays, cytotoxicity assays, hepatotoxicity, and a mouse survival test and immunological response was tested using cytokine production activity. Hemagglutination of lectin was remarkably decreased (P < 0.05) by irradiation at doses exceeding 10 kGy and with heat treatment. However, lectin irradiated with 5 kGy maintained its hemagglutination activity. The cytotoxicity of lectin was decreased by irradiation at doses over 5 kGy and with heat treatment. In experiments using mouse model, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were decreased in the group treated with the 5 kGy irradiated and heat-treated lectins as compared to the intact lectin, and it was also shown that 5 kGy irradiated and heat-treated lectins did not cause damage in liver tissue or mortality. In the result of immunological response, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the 5 kGy gamma-irradiated lectin treated group. These results indicate that 5 kGy irradiated lectin still maintained the immunological response with reduction of toxicity. Therefore, gamma-irradiation may be an effective method for reducing the toxicity of lectin maintaining the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nak-Yun Sung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Sup Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeung-Bae Jin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heum Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Mun Jung
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Research group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Woo Byun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Woosong University, Daejeon 300-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Woon Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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19
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Zhang Y, Wu C, Luo T, Li S, Cheng X, Miron RJ. Synthesis and inflammatory response of a novel silk fibroin scaffold containing BMP7 adenovirus for bone regeneration. Bone 2012; 51:704-13. [PMID: 22796416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has garnished tremendous awareness for the repair of osseous defects. It exhibits high efficiency gene transfer and osteogenic differentiation potential making it well suitable for the sustained delivery of growth factors to local tissues. In the present study a simplified solution-based in situ biomimetic synthesis method is demonstrated for bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) adenovirus combined with silk fibroin scaffolds. This scaffold not only provides the three dimensional space for bone ingrowth, but also releases the BMP7 adenovirus which targets its secretion by host cells in vivo. Scaffolds were tested both in vitro for their osteogenic potential as well as in vivo in a critical-size calvarial defect in mice. Scaffolds loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 7 adenovirus (adBMP7) were able to sustain release of adBMP7 for up to 21 days and support cell proliferation and differentiation to bone forming osteoblasts. Calvarial defects treated with scaffolds containing adBMP7 significantly induced new bone formation in vivo. To demonstrate immuno-compatibility with host tissues, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured up to 4 weeks post-implantation. Although these scaffolds demonstrated an initial pro-inflammatory response, levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α returned to baseline control values at either 2 or 4 weeks post-implantation demonstrating long term compatibility for growth factor delivery via gene therapy. The results from the present study indicate the promise of gene delivery scaffold systems for robust, low cost, and high quality bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Study on the immunomodulation effect of Isodon japonicus extract via splenocyte function and NK anti-tumor activity. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:4880-4888. [PMID: 22606016 PMCID: PMC3344252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we investigated the potential immune-enhancing activity of Isodon japonicus on murine splenocyte and natural-killer (NK) cells in vitro. The ethanol extract of I. japonicus significantly enhanced the proliferation of splenocyte and induced the significant enhancement of NK cells' activity against tumor cells (YAC-1). In addition, I. japonicus increased the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, suggesting that the increase in NK cell cytotoxicity could be due to the enhancement of the NK cell production of both cytokines. Taken together, I. japonicus extract inhibited the growth of human leukemia cells (K562) by 74%. Our observation indicated that the anti-tumor effects of I. japonicus may be attributed to its ability to serve as a stimulant of NK anti-tumor activity. In addition, our results support the development of functional food studies on I. japonicus.
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21
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Kim BG, Shin KS, Yoon TJ, Yu KW, Ra KS, Kim JM, Kim SY, Suh HJ. Fermentation of Korean Red Ginseng by Lactobacillus plantarum M-2 and Its Immunological Activities. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1107-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Kim DJ, Lee J, Yu KW, Yoon TJ. Innate immune stimulation of polysaccharide fraction from grape peel. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Kim H, Jeong JH, Hwang JH, Jeong HS, Lee HY, Yu KW. Enhancement of immunostimulation and anti-metastasis in submerged culture of bearded tooth mushroom (Hericium erinaceum) mycelia by addition of ginseng extract. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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24
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Byun EB, Sung NY, Kim JH, Choi JI, Matsui T, Byun MW, Lee JW. Enhancement of anti-tumor activity of gamma-irradiated silk fibroin via immunomodulatory effects. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 186:90-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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El-Shenawy NS. Effect of Streptomyces 23-2B metabolites on hepatic lipid peroxidation and some antioxidant parameters in Wister rats. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Seow SW, Cai S, Rahmat JN, Bay BH, Lee YK, Chan YH, Mahendran R. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG induces tumor regression in mice bearing orthotopic bladder tumors. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:751-8. [PMID: 20015287 PMCID: PMC11159805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present gold standard for bladder cancer is Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy. But it has a non-responder rate of 30-50% and side effects are common. Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota has been reported to reduce the incidence of recurrence in bladder cancer patients and to cure tumor-bearing mice. Our aim was to determine if Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) could be as efficacious as BCG in a murine model of bladder cancer. MB49 bladder cancer cells secreting human prostate-specific antigen were implanted orthotopically in female C57BL/6 mice and urinary prostate-specific antigen levels were used as a marker of tumor growth. Mice were treated with either live or lyophilized LGG given via intravesical instillation, or both oral and intravesical LGG given once a week for a period of 6 weeks starting at day 4 after tumor implantation. A comparison of LGG and BCG immunotherapy was also carried out. LGG therapy (live or lyophilized) significantly (P = 0.006) increased the number of cured mice. Cytokine arrays and immune cell recruitment analysis revealed differences between untreated, treated, cured, and tumor-bearing mice. LGG therapy restored XCL1 levels to those in healthy bladders. LGG also recruited large numbers of neutrophils and macrophages to the tumor site. Intravesical LGG and BCG immunotherapy had cure rates of 89 and 77%, respectively, compared with 20% in untreated mice. LGG has the potential to replace BCG immunotherapy for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Wee Seow
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Cai S, Bay BH, Lee YK, Lu J, Mahendran R. Live and lyophilized Lactobacillus species elicit differential immunomodulatory effects on immune cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 302:189-96. [PMID: 20002187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the mechanism of action of the lactobacilli, splenocytes were incubated with lactobacilli. We compared the ability of live and lyophilized Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus to modulate the production of interleukin 12p40 (IL-12p40), tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-10 by splenocytes from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Blocking contact between lactobacilli and immune cells abrogated all cytokine production. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was partially responsible, but not TLR4 or TLR9, for the induction of cytokine production in splenocytes. All cytokine production declined to basal levels when bacterial phagocytosis was inhibited. This shows that lactobacilli stimulation of cytokine production in splenocytes requires the process of phagocytosis and engagement of TLR2, but not TLR4 or TLR9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Cai
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Anti-tumor metastatic activity of beta-glucan purified from mutated Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 8:36-42. [PMID: 18068098 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The beta-glucans isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) enhance the innate immune system, but there is little evidence for its antitumor activity. To examine the antitumor and immunostimulating activities of beta-glucan (IS-2) purified from mutated S. cerevisiae, we made an experiment on innate immune response against metastasis of cancer cells by comparing with the beta-glucan from wild-type S. cerevisiae. In experimental lung metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma or B16-BL6 melanoma cells, prophylactic administration of beta-glucan purified from mutated S. cerevisiae significantly inhibited lung metastasis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, therapeutic administration of IS-2 also significantly inhibited the colon 26-M3.1 cell growth in mice. In an assay of liver and spleen metastasis produced by i.v. inoculation of L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma cells, IS-2 also significantly inhibited metastasis in CDF1 mice. Furthermore, pretreatment with IS-2 two days before tumor inoculation significantly prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, IS-2 (up to 100 microg/ml) did not affect the growth of colon 26-M3.1 cells. In contrast, IS-2 enhanced splenocyte proliferating activity in a dose-dependent manner. Peritoneal macrophages stimulated with IS-2 produced various cytokines, such as IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, and IL-12. In addition, treatment with IS-2 (20 microg/mouse) induced tumoricidal activity of peritoneal macrophages against colon 26-M3.1 cells. In an assay for natural killer (NK) cell activity, IS-2 (20 microg/mouse, i.v.) significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity against Yac-1 tumor cells at 2 days after IS-2 treatment. The depletion of NK cells by injection of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 serum abolished the inhibitory effect of IS-2 on lung metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 cells. These data suggest that IS-2 inhibits tumor metastasis via activation of macrophages and NK cells.
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Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Lee SW, Shin KS, Choi WH, Hwang SH, Ha ES, Jo SK, Kim SH, Park WM. Anti-metastatic activity of Acanthopanax senticosus extract and its possible immunological mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 93:247-253. [PMID: 15234760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2002] [Revised: 03/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of an aqueous extract (GF100) of Acanthopanax senticosus were examined. In experimental lung metastasis of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells, intravenous (i.v.) administration of GF100 2 days before tumor inoculation significantly inhibited lung metastasis in a dose-dependent manner. The i.v. administration of GF100 also exhibited the therapeutic effect on tumor metastasis of colon26-M3.1 cells, when it was injected 1 day after tumor inoculation. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, GF100 at the concentration up to 1000 microg/ml did not affect the growth of colon26-M3.1 cells. In contrast, GF100 enhanced the responsiveness to a mitogen, concanavalin A (ConA), of splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Peritoneal macrophage stimulated with GF100 produced various cytokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-12 and IFN-gamma in an in vitro experiment. The macrophages obtained from the mice which were injected with GF100 (500 microg) 3 days before the assay showed significantly higher tumoricidal activity against tumor cells than that of the untreated macrophages. In addition, the i.v. administration of GF100 significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity to Yac-1 cells. The depletion of NK cells by injection of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 serum completely abolished the inhibitory effect of GF100 on lung metastasis of colon26-M3.1 cells. These data suggest that GF100 has antitumor activity to inhibit tumor metastasis prophylactically as well as therapeutically, and its antitumor effect is associated with activation of macrophages and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek Joon Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Kyonggido 442-760, Republic of Korea
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30
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Ha ES, Hwang SH, Shin KS, Yu KW, Lee KH, Choi JS, Park WM, Yoon TJ. Anti-Metastatic activity of glycoprotein fractionated fromacanthopanax senticosus, involvement of NK-cell and macrophage activation. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:217-24. [PMID: 15022725 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that water-extracted Acanthopanax senticosus exhibited anti-metastatic activity by stimulating the immune system. In this study, we fractionated glycoproteins (EN-SP) from the soluble protein layer (GF-AS) of A. senticosus and determined their basic chemical properties. We also investigated the anti-tumor and immunostimulating activities of the fractionated glycoprotein, EN-SP. We found that intravenous (i.v.) administration of GF-AS dramatically inhibited metastasis of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells to the lung in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro analysis showed GF-AS to enhance the proliferation of splenocytes. GF-AS also stimulated peritoneal macrophage, which was followed by the production of various cytokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-12 and IFN-gamma. Furthermore, the production of these cytokines was partially blocked when peritoneal macrophage was cultured with the polyclonal antibodies against GF-AS. The depletion of NK cells by rabbit anti-asialo GM1 serum partly abolished the inhibitory effect of GF-AS on lung metastasis of colon26-M3.1 cells. Using gel filtration, EN-SP, an active glycoprotein fraction, is isolated from GF-AS. While both GF-AS and EN-SP stimulated the proliferatation of splenocytes of normal mice, EN-SP showed higher anti-metastatic activity and more potently stimulated the proliferation of splenocytes compared to GF-AS. These results suggest the use of EN-SP, the fractionated glycoprotein from A. senticosus, can be used as a therapeutical reagent to prevent or inhibit tumor metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/isolation & purification
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Eleutherococcus/chemistry
- Female
- Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Glycoproteins/isolation & purification
- Glycoproteins/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/physiology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Macrophage Activation/physiology
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mitosis/drug effects
- Neoplasm Metastasis/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Suk Ha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Kyonggido 442-760, Korea
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Chen GG, Chu YS, Chak ECW, Leung BCS, Poon WS. Induction of apoptosis in glioma cells by molecules released from activated macrophages. J Neurooncol 2002; 57:179-86. [PMID: 12125980 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015763916020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the regulation of malignant tumors. Although glioma contains abundance of macrophages, their role in apoptosis of glioma is not known. We stimulated macrophages with lipopolysaccharide and culture supernatants of activated macrophages were collected to treat glioma cells. The results showed that molecules released from activated macrophages significantly increased apoptosis of glioma via Fas/FasL and caspase-3 pathways. The level of soluble Fas did not appear to be involved in the mechanism responsible for apoptosis seen in this study, as its level was barely detected in both experimental and control groups. Two cytokines, TNFalpha and IFNgamma, were significantly elevated in the supernatant obtained from the activated macrophages. Considering an important role of these two molecules in the induction of apoptosis mediated by the Fas/FasL system, the present data suggested that TNFalpha and IFNgamma were the main molecules to trigger the cascade of apoptotic reactions in glioma cells. In conclusion, the present study indicates that molecules released from the activated macrophages provide significant signals to stimulate the expression of Fas/FasL and caspase-3, which function to induce apoptosis in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin.
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