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Tio D, Kasiem FR, Willemsen M, van Doorn R, van der Werf N, Hoekzema R, Luiten RM, Bekkenk MW. Expression of cancer/testis antigens in cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review. Melanoma Res 2019; 29:349-357. [PMID: 30615012 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cancer/testis antigen (CTA) family is a group of antigens whose expression is restricted to male germline cells of the testis and various malignancies. This expression pattern makes this group of antigens potential targets for immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to create an overview of CTA expressed by melanoma cells at mRNA and protein level. A systematic literature search was performed in Medline (PubMed) and Embase from inception up to and including February 2018. Studies were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. A total of 65 full-text articles were included in the final analysis. A total of 48 CTA have been studied in melanoma. Various CTA show different expression rates in primary and metastatic tumours. Of the 48 CTA, the most studied were MAGE-A3, MAGE-A1, NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A4, SSX2, MAGE-A2, MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, MAGE-C2/CT10 and MAGE-A12. On average, MAGE-A3 mRNA is present in 36% of primary tumours, whereas metastatic tumours have an expression rate of 55-81%. The same applies to the protein expression rate of MAGE-A3 in primary tumours, which is reported to be at 15-37%, whereas metastatic tumours have a higher expression rate of 25-70%. This trend of increased expression in metastases compared with primary tumours is observed with MAGE-A1, MAGE-A2, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A12 and NY-ESO-1. Many CTA are expressed on melanoma. This review provides an overview of the expression frequency of CTAs in melanoma and may aid in identifying CTA as the therapeutic target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Tio
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University
| | - Fazira R Kasiem
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam
- Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Marcella Willemsen
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam
- Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam
| | | | - Nienke van der Werf
- Medical Library, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Hoekzema
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam
| | - Rosalie M Luiten
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam
- Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Marcel W Bekkenk
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam
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Melsted WN, Johansen LL, Lock-Andersen J, Behrendt N, Eriksen JO, Bzorek M, Scheike T, Hviid TVF. HLA class Ia and Ib molecules and FOXP3+ TILs in relation to the prognosis of malignant melanoma patients. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:191-197. [PMID: 28882620 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
HLA class Ia (HLA-ABC) and HLA class Ib (HLA-E, -F and -G) molecules and FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are often reported as relevant factors of tumor immune regulation. We investigated their expression as prognostic factors in 200 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM). In our cohort, patients with tumors showing upregulation of HLA-ABC molecules had significantly thicker tumors (32% vs 7%, P<0.001), frequent ulceration (20% vs 6%, P=0.007) and frequent nodular melanomas (20% vs 4%, P=0.001). Additionally, high expression of HLA-G in the tumor was a sign of bad prognosis for the patients, being associated with thick tumors (30% vs 12%, P=0.017), ulceration (24% vs 5%, P<0.001) and positive sentinel node (13% vs 6%, P=0.015). HLA-E, HLA-F and FOXP3+ TILs were not indicative of the prognosis in PCM. High HLA-ABC and HLA-G were associated with tumor aggressiveness and could be relevant predictive markers for effective immunotherapy of melanoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Nascimento Melsted
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Lindholm Johansen
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Lock-Andersen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nille Behrendt
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Bzorek
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Scheike
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Van Allen EM, Miao D, Schilling B, Shukla SA, Blank C, Zimmer L, Sucker A, Hillen U, Foppen MHG, Goldinger SM, Utikal J, Hassel JC, Weide B, Kaehler KC, Loquai C, Mohr P, Gutzmer R, Dummer R, Gabriel S, Wu CJ, Schadendorf D, Garraway LA. Genomic correlates of response to CTLA-4 blockade in metastatic melanoma. Science 2015; 350:207-211. [PMID: 26359337 PMCID: PMC5054517 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2020] [Impact Index Per Article: 224.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies directed against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), such as ipilimumab, yield considerable clinical benefit for patients with metastatic melanoma by inhibiting immune checkpoint activity, but clinical predictors of response to these therapies remain incompletely characterized. To investigate the roles of tumor-specific neoantigens and alterations in the tumor microenvironment in the response to ipilimumab, we analyzed whole exomes from pretreatment melanoma tumor biopsies and matching germline tissue samples from 110 patients. For 40 of these patients, we also obtained and analyzed transcriptome data from the pretreatment tumor samples. Overall mutational load, neoantigen load, and expression of cytolytic markers in the immune microenvironment were significantly associated with clinical benefit. However, no recurrent neoantigen peptide sequences predicted responder patient populations. Thus, detailed integrated molecular characterization of large patient cohorts may be needed to identify robust determinants of response and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Diana Miao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sachet A. Shukla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christian Blank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marnix H. Geukes Foppen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simone M. Goldinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Utikal
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Mohr
- Department of Dermatology, Elbe-Kliniken, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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4
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Van Allen EM, Miao D, Schilling B, Shukla SA, Blank C, Zimmer L, Sucker A, Hillen U, Foppen MHG, Goldinger SM, Utikal J, Hassel JC, Weide B, Kaehler KC, Loquai C, Mohr P, Gutzmer R, Dummer R, Gabriel S, Wu CJ, Schadendorf D, Garraway LA. Genomic correlates of response to CTLA-4 blockade in metastatic melanoma. Science 2015; 350:207-211. [PMID: 26359337 PMCID: PMC5054517 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0095 10.1126/science.aaf8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies directed against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), such as ipilimumab, yield considerable clinical benefit for patients with metastatic melanoma by inhibiting immune checkpoint activity, but clinical predictors of response to these therapies remain incompletely characterized. To investigate the roles of tumor-specific neoantigens and alterations in the tumor microenvironment in the response to ipilimumab, we analyzed whole exomes from pretreatment melanoma tumor biopsies and matching germline tissue samples from 110 patients. For 40 of these patients, we also obtained and analyzed transcriptome data from the pretreatment tumor samples. Overall mutational load, neoantigen load, and expression of cytolytic markers in the immune microenvironment were significantly associated with clinical benefit. However, no recurrent neoantigen peptide sequences predicted responder patient populations. Thus, detailed integrated molecular characterization of large patient cohorts may be needed to identify robust determinants of response and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Diana Miao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sachet A. Shukla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christian Blank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marnix H. Geukes Foppen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simone M. Goldinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Utikal
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Mohr
- Department of Dermatology, Elbe-Kliniken, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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5
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Mandalà M, Massi D. Tissue prognostic biomarkers in primary cutaneous melanoma. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:265-81. [PMID: 24487785 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) causes the greatest number of skin cancer-related deaths worldwide. Predicting CM prognosis is important to determine the need for further investigation, counseling of patients, to guide appropriate management (particularly the need for postoperative adjuvant therapy), and for assignment of risk status in groups of patients entering clinical trials. Since recurrence rate is largely independent from stages defined by morphological and morphometric criteria, there is a strong need for identification of additional robust prognostic factors to support decision-making processes. Most data on prognostic biomarkers in melanoma have been evaluated in tumor tissue samples by conventional morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) as well as DNA and RNA analyses. In the present review, we critically summarize main high-quality studies investigating IHC-based protein biomarkers of melanoma outcome according to Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK)-derived criteria. Pathways have been classified and conveyed in the "biologic road" previously described by Hanahan and Weinberg. Data derived from genomic and transcriptomic technologies have been critically reviewed to better understand if any of investigated proteins or gene signatures should be incorporated into clinical practice or still remain a field of melanoma research. Despite a wide body of research, no molecular prognostic biomarker has yet been translated into clinical practice. Conventional tissue biomarkers, such as Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate and lymph node positivity, remain the backbone prognostic indicators in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mandalà
- Unit of Clinical and Translational Research, Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
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6
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Viray H, Bradley WR, Schalper KA, Rimm DL, Gould Rothberg BE. Marginal and joint distributions of S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A across a large series of cutaneous melanomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 137:1063-73. [PMID: 23899062 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0284-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The distribution of the standard melanoma antibodies S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A has been extensively studied. Yet, the overlap in their expression is less well characterized. OBJECTIVES To determine the joint distributions of the classic melanoma markers and to determine if classification according to joint antigen expression has prognostic relevance. DESIGN S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A were assayed by immunofluorescence-based immunohistochemistry on a large tissue microarray of 212 cutaneous melanoma primary tumors and 341 metastases. Positive expression for each antigen required display of immunoreactivity for at least 25% of melanoma cells. Marginal and joint distributions were determined across all markers. Bivariate associations with established clinicopathologic covariates and melanoma-specific survival analyses were conducted. RESULTS Of 322 assayable melanomas, 295 (91.6%), 203 (63.0%), and 236 (73.3%) stained with S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A, respectively. Twenty-seven melanomas, representing a diverse set of histopathologic profiles, were S100 negative. Coexpression of all 3 antibodies was observed in 160 melanomas (49.7%). Intensity of endogenous melanin pigment did not confound immunolabeling. Among primary tumors, associations with clinicopathologic parameters revealed a significant relationship only between HMB-45 and microsatellitosis (P = .02). No significant differences among clinicopathologic criteria were observed across the HMB-45/Melan-A joint distribution categories. Neither marginal HMB-45 (P = .56) nor Melan-A (P = .81), or their joint distributions (P = .88), was associated with melanoma-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive characterization of the marginal and joint distributions for S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A across a large series of cutaneous melanomas revealed diversity of expression across this group of antigens. However, these immunohistochemically defined subclasses of melanomas do not significantly differ according to clinicopathologic correlates or outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollis Viray
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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7
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Joyce CW, Murphy IG, Rafferty M, Ryan D, McDermott EW, Gallagher WM. Tumor profiling using protein biomarker panels in malignant melanoma: application of tissue microarrays and beyond. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 9:415-23. [PMID: 22967078 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in our knowledge of the disease, malignant melanoma remains an unpredictable entity. The revolution in molecular biological techniques, such as DNA sequencing and gene-expression profiling, has uncovered many potential protein targets and biomarkers relevant to melanoma progression. Successful clinical application would be aided significantly by downstream proteomic validation of those candidate markers using a combination of immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays. Yet, research in this context seems to lag behind the output of genomic data relating to melanoma. In this article, we look at the strengths and pitfalls of tissue microarrays in malignant melanoma. We will show how tissue microarrays have become a vital step in the transition from molecular techniques to useful clinical assays and interventions and look at likely future developments for advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac W Joyce
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Prognostic significance of HLA class I expressing in gastric carcinoma defined by monoclonal anti-pan HLA class I antibody, EMR8-5. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15:1336-43. [PMID: 21512844 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Downregulation or loss of HLA class I molecules has been demonstrated in human cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of HLA class I expression in gastric cancer. METHODS Gastric cancer tissues from 189 patients were examined for expression of HLA class I heavy chain antigens by immunohistochemical staining with EMR8-5. The expression level of HLA class I of tumor cells is categorized by combining an estimate the percentage of immunoreactive cell with an estimate of the staining intensity. The relationship between HLA class I expression and clinicopathologic parameters, patient survival, and tumor recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS HLA class I was downregulated in 85 (45.0%) of the gastric carcinomas. Staining revealed 104 (55.0%) tumors with strongly positive expression of HLA class I antigens, 76 (40.2%) tumors with weakly positive expression, and 9 (4.8%) tumors with negative expression. The expression of HLA class I antigen did not correlate with any other clinicopathologic parameters. Moreover, HLA class I expression was neither a risk factor for tumor recurrence nor survival. CONCLUSION The downregulation of HLA class I expression is not associated with patient prognosis.
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Schramm SJ, Mann GJ. Melanoma Prognosis: A REMARK-Based Systematic Review and Bioinformatic Analysis of Immunohistochemical and Gene Microarray Studies: Figure 1. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1520-8. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Maddodi N, Setaluri V. Prognostic significance of melanoma differentiation and trans-differentiation. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:989-99. [PMID: 22545195 PMCID: PMC3336875 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2020989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanomas share a number of molecular attributes such as limitless replicative potential that define capabilities acquired by most malignancies. Accordingly, much effort has been focused on evaluating and validating protein markers related to these capabilities to function as melanoma prognostic markers. However, a few studies have also highlighted the prognostic value of markers that define melanocytic differentiation and the plasticity of melanoma cells to trans-differentiate along several other cellular pathways. Here, we provide a comprehensive review and evaluation of the prognostic significance of melanocyte-lineage markers such as MITF and melanogenic proteins, as well as markers of vascular epithelial and neuronal differentiation.
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11
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Homma I, Kitamura H, Torigoe T, Tanaka T, Sato E, Hirohashi Y, Masumori N, Sato N, Tsukamoto T. Human leukocyte antigen class I down-regulation in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: its association with clinical characteristics and survival after cystectomy. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:2331-4. [PMID: 19751235 PMCID: PMC11158967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a novel monoclonal anti-pan human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I heavy chain antibody (EMR 8-5) reacting with paraffin-embedded sections, we examined the prognostic significance of HLA class I molecules in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy. Immunohistochemical staining for HLA class I molecules with monoclonal antibody EMR 8-5 was performed on specimens from 65 clinically muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We analyzed the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of HLA class I expression. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed HLA class I down-regulation in 22 (33.8%) invasive bladder cancers. This down-regulation had no correlation with clinicopathological parameters such as pathologic stage, nodal status, and grade. The recurrence-free survival of patients with HLA class I-positive tumors was significantly better than that of those with down-regulation (log rank, P = 0.0337). Multivariate analysis revealed that HLA class I expression was a significant factor influencing the recurrence-free survival of bladder cancer patients after cystectomy (P = 0.0155). Our data demonstrate that HLA class I down-regulation in tumor cells was clearly observed in about one-third of the patients. HLA class I expression could be a prognostic marker for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients after cystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiya Homma
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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12
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Gould Rothberg BE, Bracken MB, Rimm DL. Tissue biomarkers for prognosis in cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101:452-74. [PMID: 19318635 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the clinical management of early-stage cutaneous melanoma, it is critical to determine which patients are cured by surgery alone and which should be treated with adjuvant therapy. To assist in this decision, many groups have made an effort to use molecular information. However, although there are hundreds of studies that have sought to assess the potential prognostic value of molecular markers in predicting the course of cutaneous melanoma, at this time, no molecular method to improve risk stratification is part of recommended clinical practice. To help understand this disconnect, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature that reported immunohistochemistry-based protein biomarkers of melanoma outcome. Three parallel search strategies were applied to the PubMed database through January 15, 2008, to identify cohort studies that reported associations between immunohistochemical expression and survival outcomes in melanoma that conformed to the REMARK criteria. Of the 102 cohort studies, we identified only 37 manuscripts, collectively describing 87 assays on 62 distinct proteins, which met all inclusion criteria. Promising markers that emerged included melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM)/MUC18 (all-cause mortality [ACM] hazard ratio [HR] = 16.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.80 to 70.28), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (melanoma-specific mortality [MSM] HR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.32 to 5.07), Ki-67 (combined ACM HR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.41 to 5.01), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (ACM HR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.56 to 3.31), and p16/INK4A (ACM HR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.83, MSM HR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.67). We further noted incomplete adherence to the REMARK guidelines: 14 of 27 cohort studies that failed to adequately report their methods and nine studies that failed to either perform multivariable analyses or report their risk estimates were published since 2005.
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Lacreusette A, Lartigue A, Nguyen J, Barbieux I, Pandolfino M, Paris F, Khammari A, Dréno B, Jacques Y, Blanchard F, Godard A. Relationship between responsiveness of cancer cells to Oncostatin M and/or IL‐6 and survival of stage III melanoma patients treated with tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes. J Pathol 2008; 216:451-9. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Lacreusette
- INSERM U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine, IFR26, Institut de Biologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
| | - A Lartigue
- INSERM U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine, IFR26, Institut de Biologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
| | | | - I Barbieux
- INSERM U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine, IFR26, Institut de Biologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
| | - M‐C Pandolfino
- INSERM U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine, IFR26, Institut de Biologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Unit of Cell and Gene Therapy, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F‐44035, France
| | - F Paris
- INSERM U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine, IFR26, Institut de Biologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
| | - A Khammari
- INSERM U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine, IFR26, Institut de Biologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Unit of Skin Cancer, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F‐44093, France
| | - B Dréno
- INSERM U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine, IFR26, Institut de Biologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Unit of Cell and Gene Therapy, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Unit of Skin Cancer, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F‐44093, France
| | - Y Jacques
- INSERM U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine, IFR26, Institut de Biologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
| | - F Blanchard
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine, IFR26, Institut de Biologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- INSERM ERI7, Nantes F‐44035, France
| | - A Godard
- INSERM U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Médecine, IFR26, Institut de Biologie, Nantes F‐44035, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F‐44093, France
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Tao J, Li Y, Liu YQ, Li L, Liu J, Shen X, Shen GX, Tu YT. Expression of transporters associated with antigen processing and human leucocyte antigen class I in malignant melanoma and its association with prognostic factors. Br J Dermatol 2007; 158:88-94. [PMID: 17999701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low expression of transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I, due to defects in the antigen presentation pathway, is frequently found in human tumours, including malignant melanoma (MM). This immune evasion renders many tumours unrecognizable by the host immune surveillance system and appears to play a role in the clinical course of the tumour, probably because it provides tumour cells with a mechanism to escape cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition and destruction. However, the histopathological significance of TAP and HLA class I antigen defects in MM remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To study the expression of TAP and HLA class I antigen in MM and the relationship between them. To investigate the correlation between histopathological characteristics and expression of these molecules in MM. METHODS Tissue sections from 77 patients with MM and 20 with naevi were examined using immunohistochemistry and morphological quantitative analysis for protein expression of TAP1, TAP2 and HLA class I antigen. RESULTS Positive TAP1, TAP2 and HLA class I antigen immunostaining was observed in 23%, 12% and 64% of MM lesions, respectively, and the expression of HLA class I was positively correlated with that of TAP1 and TAP2. However, expression of these molecules was positive in all of the pigmented naevi lesions. Reduced TAP1 and TAP2 protein expression in melanoma lesions was significantly associated with invasive growth, Clark's level and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Reduced HLA class I antigen protein expression was only associated with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that reduced TAP1, TAP2 and HLA class I antigen protein expression in MM may contribute to the immune escape phenotype of human melanoma cells, and the main cause of reduced HLA class I expression may be the decreased TAP1 and TAP2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, and Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Tsukahara T, Kawaguchi S, Torigoe T, Asanuma H, Nakazawa E, Shimozawa K, Nabeta Y, Kimura S, Kaya M, Nagoya S, Wada T, Yamashita T, Sato N. Prognostic significance of HLA class I expression in osteosarcoma defined by anti-pan HLA class I monoclonal antibody, EMR8-5. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:1374-80. [PMID: 16995877 PMCID: PMC11158095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal of establishing efficacious peptide-based immunotherapy for patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, we previously identified the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-defined osteosarcoma antigenic gene Papillomavirus binding factor. The present study was designed to determine the status of HLA class I expression in osteosarcoma and other bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Seventy-four formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of various bone and soft tissue sarcomas, including 33 osteosarcomas, were stained with the anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibody EMR8-5, which we recently generated. The expression of HLA class I was lost or downregulated in 46 of these specimens (62%). With respect to osteosarcoma, loss or downregulation of HLA class I expression was seen in 13 (52%) of 25 primary tumors and seven (88%) of eight metastatic tumors. In six of 11 HLA class I-negative osteosarcoma specimens, the expression of beta-2 microglobulin was also lost. Subsequently the prognostic significance of HLA class I expression was analyzed in 21 patients with osteosarcoma who had completed multidrug neoadjuvant chemotherapy and undergone adequate surgery. Patients with osteosarcoma highly expressing HLA class I showed significantly better overall and event-free survival than those with HLA class I-negative osteosarcoma. In contrast, such prognostic significance of HLA class I expression was not found in 15 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of soft tissue. These findings suggest that the class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte pathway plays a major role in immune surveillance of patients with osteosarcoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Bone Neoplasms/immunology
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Child
- Female
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/immunology
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/pathology
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/secondary
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Osteosarcoma/diagnosis
- Osteosarcoma/immunology
- Osteosarcoma/metabolism
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma/immunology
- Sarcoma/metabolism
- Sarcoma/secondary
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/immunology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/metabolism
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
- beta 2-Microglobulin/immunology
- beta 2-Microglobulin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1, West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
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16
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Kaufman HL, Deraffele G, Mitcham J, Moroziewicz D, Cohen SM, Hurst-Wicker KS, Cheung K, Lee DS, Divito J, Voulo M, Donovan J, Dolan K, Manson K, Panicali D, Wang E, Hörig H, Marincola FM. Targeting the local tumor microenvironment with vaccinia virus expressing B7.1 for the treatment of melanoma. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1903-12. [PMID: 15937544 PMCID: PMC1142116 DOI: 10.1172/jci24624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma remains a major clinical challenge. The melanoma microenvironment may lead to local T cell tolerance in part through downregulation of costimulatory molecules, such as B7.1 (CD80). We report the results from the first clinical trial, to our knowledge, using a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing B7.1 (rV-B7.1) for monthly intralesional vaccination of accessible melanoma lesions. A standard 2-dose-escalation phase I clinical trial was conducted with 12 patients. The approach was well tolerated with only low-grade fever, myalgias, and fatigue reported and 2 patients experiencing vitiligo. An objective partial response was observed in 1 patient and disease stabilization in 2 patients, 1 of whom is alive without disease 59 months following vaccination. All patients demonstrated an increase in postvaccination antibody and T cell responses against vaccinia virus. Systemic immunity was tested in HLA-A*0201 patients who demonstrated an increased frequency of gp100 and T cells specific to melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1), also known as Melan-A, by ELISPOT assay following local rV-B7.1 vaccination. Local immunity was evaluated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, which suggested that tumor regression was associated with increased expression of CD8 and IFN-gamma. The local delivery of vaccinia virus expressing B7.1 was well tolerated and represents an innovative strategy for altering the local tumor microenvironment in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard L Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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17
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Kageshita T, Ishihara T, Campoli M, Ferrone S. Selective monomorphic and polymorphic HLA class I antigenic determinant loss in surgically removed melanoma lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 65:419-28. [PMID: 15853896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allospecificity expression in malignant lesions has been hampered by the limited availability of HLA class I allospecificity-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which stain tissues in immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions. During the 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop, the HLA and cancer component made available a panel of mAbs capable of detecting monomorphic, locus- and allo-specific HLA class I antigenic determinants in surgically removed frozen tissue sections by IHC staining. In the present study, we have utilized this panel of mAbs to analyze the expression of HLA class I allospecificities in 33 primary and in 11 metastatic lesions surgically removed from HLA-typed patients with malignant melanoma, as this information contributes to determine the extent of HLA class I antigen abnormalities in melanoma lesions. HLA class I antigens were downregulated in six (18.2%) of the primary lesions and in six (54.5%) of the metastatic lesions. Selective loss of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens was detected in two (6.1%) and in one (3.0%), respectively, of the primary lesions, but in none of the metastases. HLA-A and HLA-B antigens were downregulated in three (9.1%) and four (36.4%) of the primary and metastatic lesions, respectively. Selective loss of one or more HLA class I allospecificities was found in 10 (33.0%) and two (18.0%) of the 33 primary and 11 metastatic melanoma lesions analyzed, respectively. HLA class I antigen abnormalities were present in 16 (48.5%) of the 33 primary lesions analyzed (i.e. six lesions demonstrating abnormal reactivity with HLA class I monomorphic-specific mAb, two lesions demonstrating selective abnormal reactivity with HLA-B locus-specific mAb, one lesion demonstrating selective abnormal reactivity with HLA-A and HLA-B locus-specific mAbs, and seven lesions demonstrating selective abnormal reactivity with HLA class I allele-specific mAb). Furthermore, HLA class I antigen abnormalities were present in nine (81.8%) of the 11 metastatic lesions analyzed (i.e. six lesions demonstrating abnormal reactivity with HLA class I monomorphic-specific mAb, one lesion demonstrating selective abnormal reactivity with HLA-A locus-specific mAb, and two lesions demonstrating selective abnormal reactivity with HLA class I allele-specific mAb). It cannot be ruled out that the frequency of HLA class I allospecificity abnormalities is higher, as the expression of several HLA class I allospecificities could not be investigated because of the lack of appropriate probes. The frequency of HLA class I antigen defects in primary lesions was significantly correlated with primary lesion thickness, an important prognostic marker in melanoma, arguing for a potential clinical significance of HLA class I antigen abnormalities in melanoma. In conclusion, the results of the present study (i) demonstrate that the frequency of HLA class I allospecificity abnormalities in primary melanoma lesions is markedly higher than that of total HLA class I antigen downregulation described in the literature; (ii) corroborate our previous findings that staining of melanoma lesions with mAb to monomorphic determinants of HLA class I antigens does not detect selective HLA class I allospecificity loss; and (iii) demonstrate for the first time selective loss of antigenic determinants expressed on HLA class I molecules in melanoma lesions. The latter finding indicates that at least two mAbs recognizing distinct antigenic determinants on the HLA molecule being investigated should be used for IHC staining of tissue sections in order to prove that lack of immunostaining reflects actual loss of the corresponding HLA molecule and not selective loss of antigenic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kageshita
- Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
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18
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Akiyama Y, Tanosaki R, Inoue N, Shimada M, Hotate Y, Yamamoto A, Yamazaki N, Kawashima I, Nukaya I, Takesako K, Maruyama K, Takaue Y, Yamaguchi K. Clinical response in Japanese metastatic melanoma patients treated with peptide cocktail-pulsed dendritic cells. J Transl Med 2005; 3:4. [PMID: 15676080 PMCID: PMC549033 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Metastatic, chemotherapy-resistant melanoma is an intractable cancer with a very poor prognosis. As to immunotherapy targeting metastatic melanoma, HLA-A2+ patients were mainly enrolled in the study in Western countries. However, HLA-A24+ melanoma patients-oriented immunotherapy has not been fully investigated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy on metastatic melanoma patients with HLA-A2 or A24 genotype. METHODS: Nine cases of metastatic melanoma were enrolled into a phase I study of monocyte-derived dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. HLA-genotype analysis revealed 4 cases of HLA-A*0201, 1 of A*0206 and 4 of A*2402. Enriched monocytes were obtained using OptiPreptrade mark from leukapheresis products, and then incubated with GM-CSF and IL-4 in a closed serum-free system. After pulsing with a cocktail of 5 melanoma-associated synthetic peptides (gp100, tyrosinase, MAGE-2, MAGE-3 and MART-1 or MAGE-1) restricted to HLA-A2 or A24 and KLH, cells were cryopreserved until used. Finally, thawed DCs were washed and injected subcutaneously (s.c.) into the inguinal region in a dose-escalation manner. RESULTS: The mean percentage of DCs rated as lin-HLA-DR+ in melanoma patients was 46.4 +/- 15.6 %. Most of DCs expressed high level of co-stimulatory molecules and type1 phenotype (CD11c+HLA-DR+), while a moderate number of mature DCs with CD83 and CCR7 positive were contained in DC products. DC injections were well tolerated except for transient liver dysfunction (elevation of transaminases, Grade I-II). All 6 evaluable cases except for early PD showed positive immunological responses to more than 2 melanoma peptides in an ELISPOT assay. Two representative responders demonstrated strong HLA-class I protein expression in the tumor and very high scores of ELISPOT that might correlate to the regression of metastatic tumors. Clinical response through DC injections was as follows : 1CR, 1 PR, 1SD and 6 PD. All 59 DC injections in the phase I study were tolerable in terms of safety, however, the maximal tolerable dose of DCs was not determined. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that peptide cocktail-treated DC-based immunotherapy had the potential for utilizing as one of therapeutic tools against metastatic melanoma in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Akiyama
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Tanosaki
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Inoue
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimada
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Hotate
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamamoto
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamazaki
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawashima
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Takara Bio Inc., Ltd, Seta 3-4-1, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ikuei Nukaya
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Takara Bio Inc., Ltd, Seta 3-4-1, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazutoh Takesako
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Takara Bio Inc., Ltd, Seta 3-4-1, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kouji Maruyama
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takaue
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, Japan
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19
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Ryschich E, Nötzel T, Hinz U, Autschbach F, Ferguson J, Simon I, Weitz J, Fröhlich B, Klar E, Büchler MW, Schmidt J. Control of T-Cell–Mediated Immune Response by HLA Class I in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.498.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Cell surface HLA class I molecules present peptides derived from human cellular proteins to T cells. In the present study, we investigated the expression of HLA class I in human pancreatic carcinoma.
Experimental Design: The expression of HLA class I antigen and the extent of tumor infiltration by T cells were investigated in 46 primary tumors and in 14 metastases of pancreatic cancer by standard immunohistochemistry.
Results: The locus-specific expression of HLA I was reduced in 61% of primary tumors and in 93% of metastases. The total loss of this molecule complex was detected in 6% of primary tumors and in 43% of metastases. Pancreatic carcinoma and peritumoral tissue showed a significantly higher infiltration by CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cells compared with the tumor-distant pancreatic tissue. The negative expression of HLA class I was uniformly accompanied by a low density of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T-cells whereas the HLA class I–positive tumors were characterized by a substantial lymphocyte accumulation. However, the infiltration by cytotoxic T-cells was not correlated with the density of tumor cells. Patients with a high accumulation of cytotoxic cells showed a longer median survival.
Conclusions: Pancreatic carcinoma frequently induces a cellular immune response that results in intratumoral and peritumoral T-cell infiltration. The expression of HLA class I is frequently lost in pancreatic carcinoma, which represents an effective mechanism to escape the tumor infiltration by cytotoxic T-cells. However, the infiltration by cytotoxic cells represents a favorable prognostic sign in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulf Hinz
- 1Unit for Documentation and Statistics, Department of Surgery, and Departments of
| | | | - James Ferguson
- 4Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Buus S, Claesson MH. Identifying multiple tumor-specific epitopes from large-scale screening for overexpressed mRNA. Curr Opin Immunol 2004; 16:137-42. [PMID: 15023404 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rationale of a T-cell epitope-based approach to cancer treatment is primarily rooted in the hypothesis that CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) can be manipulated to specifically identify and kill cancer cells. A solid understanding of CTL specificity and activation is a fundamental requirement for tumor immunotherapy. The means to identify tumor-specific CTL epitopes and to monitor corresponding CTL responses are important enabling technologies. Recent advances in these enabling technologies include their ability to exploit genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic information. These advances constitute new opportunities, which will enable approaches to tumor immunotherapy that encompass both human diversity and tumor heterogeneity, increase the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy and potentially provide the opportunity for individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Buus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Medical Anatomy, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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