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Massaro AN, Lee JK, Vezina G, Glass P, O'Kane A, Li R, Chang T, Brady K, Govindan R. Exploratory Assessment of the Relationship Between Hemoglobin Volume Phase Index, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Functional Outcome in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Neurocrit Care 2020; 35:121-129. [PMID: 33215394 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based measures of cerebral autoregulation (CAR) can potentially identify neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) who are at greatest risk of irreversible brain injury. However, modest predictive abilities have precluded previously described metrics from entering clinical care. We previously validated a novel autoregulation metric in a piglet model of induced hypotension called the hemoglobin volume phase index (HVP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical ability of the HVP to predict adverse outcomes neonates with HIE. METHODS This is a prospective study of neonates with HIE who underwent therapeutic hypothermia (TH) at a level 4 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Continuous cerebral NIRS and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) from indwelling arterial catheters were measured during TH and through rewarming. Multivariate autoregressive process was used to calculate the coherence between MAP and the sum total of the oxy- and deoxygenated Hb densities (HbT), a surrogate measure of cerebral blood volume (CBV). The HVP was calculated as the cosine-transformed phase shift at the frequency of maximal MAP-HbT coherence. Brain injury was assessed by neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and developmental outcomes were assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) at 15-30 months. The ability of the HVP to predict (a) death or severe brain injury by MRI and (b) death or significant developmental delay was assessed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS In total, 50 neonates with moderate or severe HIE were monitored. Median HVP was higher, representing more dysfunctional autoregulation, in infants who had adverse outcomes. After adjusting for sex and encephalopathy grade at presentation, HVP at 21-24 and 24-27 h of life predicted death or brain injury by MRI (21-24 h: OR 8.8, p = 0.037; 24-27 h: OR 31, p = 0.011) and death or developmental delay at 15-30 months (21-24 h: OR 11.8, p = 0.05; 24-27 h: OR 15, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Based on this pilot study of neonates with HIE, HVP merits further study as an indicator of death or severe brain injury on neonatal MRI and neurodevelopmental delay in early childhood. Larger studies are warranted for further clinical validation of the HVP to evaluate cerebral autoregulation following HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- An N Massaro
- Division of Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. .,The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Jennifer K Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gilbert Vezina
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Penny Glass
- Psychology and Behavioral Health, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Ruoying Li
- Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Taeun Chang
- Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenneth Brady
- Department of Anesthesia, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rathinaswamy Govindan
- Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Abadeer MN, Stuth EAE, Kouretas PC, Ginde S, Jacobsen R, Woods RK. Scimitar Syndrome-Complex Surgical Revision 3 Decades After Repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 103:e183-e185. [PMID: 28109385 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with scimitar syndrome who had a 2-patch repair 3 decades previously and presented with a right-to-left shunt of the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the left atrium resulting from baffle dehiscence. We discuss details of our reoperative repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher N Abadeer
- Division of General Surgery, Herma Heart Center and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Eckehard A E Stuth
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Herma Heart Center and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Peter C Kouretas
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Herma Heart Center and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Salil Ginde
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Center and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Roni Jacobsen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Center and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ronald K Woods
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Herma Heart Center and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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Koning NJ, Atasever B, Vonk AB, Boer C. Changes in Microcirculatory Perfusion and Oxygenation During Cardiac Surgery With or Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:1331-40. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lüdemann L, Wlodarczyk W, Nadobny J, Weihrauch M, Gellermann J, Wust P. Non-invasive magnetic resonance thermography during regional hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 26:273-82. [DOI: 10.3109/02656731003596242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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De Somer F. Optimal Versus Suboptimal Perfusion During Cardiopulmonary Bypass and the Inflammatory Response. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2009; 13:113-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1089253209337746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite major improvements in perfusion techniques over the past 50 years, it is still not possible to formulate a clear definition of what is meant by optimal perfusion. In part this is due to the lack of sufficient evidence-based data and in part because of the complex pathophysiology that takes place during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. To find an answer we need to understand the exact mechanism of the inflammatory reaction triggered by the cardiopulmonary bypass. However, it is clear that further improvement of the cardiopulmonary bypass components alone will be sufficient. Only a combined strategy can further improve cardiopulmonary bypass—related morbidity and mortality. Such a combined strategy will embrace perfusion techniques as well as a pharmacological approach. It will also require a continuous monitoring of the microcirculation. The latter will not only allow to rapidly sense changes in the quality of perfusion but, even more important, also make it possible to intervene at the moment of deterioration. Recent research shows that such an approach has positive an impact on cardiopulmonary bypass—related morbidity postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. De Somer
- Heart Centre, University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium,
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Okazaki T, Matsuhashi M, Ishii N. Role of methionine residues of albumin in T-R conversion of hemoglobin. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006; 44:1131-6. [PMID: 16958609 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2006.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoglobin (Hb) has peroxidase (POD)-like activity. We found that the addition of albumin to human Hb purified from venous erythrocytes increased its POD-like activity. METHODS We treated human Hb with a Blue-Toyopearl column of immobilized albumin, compared the treated Hb and native Hb for POD-like activity, the level of Hb-bound 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and the absorption spectrum, and found that treatment with albumin released 2,3-DPG from Hb, resulting in a tense-relaxed (T-R) conversion and increased POD-like activity. RESULTS The addition of human, mouse, rat, or bovine albumin to human Hb increased its POD-like activity. Addition of human albumin caused the highest increase, followed by that of mouse, rat, and bovine albumin in order. Addition of rabbit or guinea pig albumin caused little or no increase in the POD-like activity of Hb. Analysis of the distribution of methionine residues in the albumins of these animals showed that human, mouse, and rat albumins have a methionine residue at position 8 in loop 3 of domain I, and human and mouse albumins have an additional methionine residue in domain I. Bovine albumin has no methionine residue at position 8 in loop 3 of domain I, but has two methionine residues at other positions in domain I. Mouse and rat albumins have no methionine residues in domain I. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the methionine residue at position 8 in loop 3 of domain I is most closely involved in the T-R conversion of human Hb. The addition of 2,3-DPG to albumin or selective oxidation of the methionine residues of albumin lessened the increase in POD-like activity when albumin was added to Hb, providing supporting evidence that the methionine residue of albumin is involved in the T-R conversion. The methionine residue of albumin may have a very important role in the degradation of Hb released from erythrocytes in blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Okazaki
- Department of Hematological Informatics, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Gagnon RE, Macnab AJ, Gagnon FA, Leblanc JG. Brain, spine, and muscle cytochrome Cu-A redox patterns of change during hypothermic circulatory arrest in swine. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 141:264-70. [PMID: 16023395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Revised: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 04/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Past near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) studies have reported different changes in cytochrome C oxidase (Cyt) redox status during similar interventions that cause tissue ischaemia. We investigated whether there were distinctive differences when NIRS signals were obtained simultaneously from different tissues during total circulatory arrest. Forty-two healthy 10 kg commercial swine (Sus scrofa) on cardiopulmonary bypass, each underwent 2 to 8 sequential periods of hypothermic circulatory arrest for 7.5 min. Prior to each arrest, key physiologic variables were adjusted to 1 of 81 combinations of high, normal, or low levels of core temperature, hematocrit, pH, and serum glucose. Each combination was repeated at least twice. Simultaneous NIRS monitoring yielded 202 brain, 191 spine, and 199 muscle Cyt data sets, which were then classified into 13 distinctive patterns of change. The data sets always differed between tissues in the same arrest trial and subject. Typically, brain Cyt rapidly became more reduced at the start of arrest and changed little thereafter, muscle Cyt behaved comparably to brain Cyt but continued to become reduced throughout the arrest, and spine Cyt either did not change status or gradually became more reduced over the course of arrest. The spine pattern's mean rate of change was 12 times slower than those of the brain or muscle. The Cyt patterns of change were classified into 13 groups which were significantly related to core temperature in the brain and spine, and hematocrit in muscle. The respiratory response in mitochondria during systemic circulatory arrest differs between brain, spine and muscle tissues in the same subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy E Gagnon
- Dept Pediatrics, Dept Surgery, Children's and Women's Health Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Gagnon RE, Gagnon FA, Macnab AJ, LeBlanc JG. Temperature, hematocrit, pH, and glucose 4-way ANOVA of cytochrome C oxidase redox status during systemic cold circulatory arrest in swine. Metab Brain Dis 2005; 20:105-13. [PMID: 15938129 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-005-4148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Various investigators using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have reported differing patterns of cytochrome C oxidase (cytochrome a,a3) redox status in similar brain oxygenation studies. We investigated whether distinctive differences could be due to combinations of variations in temperature, hematocrit, pH, and glucose. METHODS Thirty-six healthy 10 kg commercial juvenile swine on cardiopulmonary bypass underwent 2-8 sequential periods of circulatory arrest. Prior to each arrest, key physiological variables were adjusted to match a random selection of one of 81 combinations of high, normal, or low levels of hypothermia, hematocrit, pH, and serum glucose. In the course of the study, the combinations were repeated twice to yield 162 NIRS data sets. RESULTS The mean rate of change in net oxidized minus reduced cytochrome a,a3 redox status in the brain following 7.5 min of ischemia was 0.49 +/- 0.26 micromol L(-1) min(-1), and, the corresponding mean magnitude of change was -1.23 +/- 0.57 micromol L(-1). The rate of change was influenced by temperature but not by hematocrit, pH, or glucose, either singly or in combination. CONCLUSION The respiratory response in mitochondria during systemic circulatory arrest is significantly influenced by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy E Gagnon
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's & Women's Health Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Hofer A, Haizinger B, Geiselseder G, Mair R, Rehak P, Gombotz H. Monitoring of selective antegrade cerebral perfusion using near infrared spectroscopy in neonatal aortic arch surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005; 22:293-8. [PMID: 15892408 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021505000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To prevent neurological complications, low-flow antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) is used during repair of complex congenital heart defects. To overcome technical problems, continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation is mandatory. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different ACP flow rates on cerebral oxygen saturation obtained by near infrared spectroscopy. METHODS Ten consecutive neonates undergoing Norwood stage I were included. In addition to near infrared spectroscopy (Invos 5100; Somanetics Corp., USA) on both hemispheres, mean arterial pressure and transcranial Doppler flow velocity were measured continuously and arterial and jugular venous oxygen saturation intermittently. Cerebral oxygen extraction ratio was calculated. Measurement points were obtained after starting bypass, during ACP with flow rates of 30, 20 and 10 mL kg(-1) min(-1) and immediately after ACP. ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test were used for statistics. RESULTS The near infrared spectroscopy signal could be obtained in all children at all measurement points, whereas transcranial Doppler failed in 1 neonate at a flow rate of 30 mL kg(-1)min(-1), in 3 neonates at 20 mL kg(-1) min(-1) and in 4 neonates at 10 mL kg(-1)min(-1). With the reduction of flow there was a significant decrease of cerebral oxygen saturation on both hemispheres (right: 78+/-8 to 72+/-9 and 66+/-8, P < 0.001; left: 71+/-7 to 65+/-7 and 60+/-7, P < 0.001), of jugular venous oxygen saturation (94+/-6 to 89+/-13 and 83+/-15, P < 0.001) and a significant increase in oxygen extraction ratio (9.1+/-8 to 14.8+/-14 and 21+/-16, P < 0.001) respectively, for 30, 20, 10 mL kg(-1)min(-1). CONCLUSION Near infrared spectroscopy reliably detects flow alterations during ACP with profound hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hofer
- General Hospital Linz, Departments of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Linz, Austria.
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Wolf U, Wolf M, Choi JH, Levi M, Choudhury D, Hull S, Coussirat D, Paunescu LA, Safonova LP, Michalos A, Mantulin WW, Gratton E. Localized irregularities in hemoglobin flow and oxygenation in calf muscle in patients with peripheral vascular disease detected with near-infrared spectrophotometry. J Vasc Surg 2003; 37:1017-26. [PMID: 12756348 DOI: 10.1067/mva.2003.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Near-infrared spectrophotometry is used to measure flow, concentration, and oxygenation of hemoglobin in arterioles, capillaries, and venules several centimeters deep in tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of flow, concentration, and oxygenation of hemoglobin in calf muscle in patients with documented peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PVD), patients with risk factors for PVD,and healthy younger subjects at rest. METHOD With a frequency-domain near-infrared spectrophotometer and a specially designed probe, we generated maps at 22 locations simultaneously of hemoglobin flow, concentration, and oxygenation, with the venous occlusion method. Eight legs of 7 patients with diagnosed PVD (PVD group), 10 legs of 8 patients with normal ankle-brachial index but with risk factors for PVD (RF group), and 16 legs of 8 healthy subjects (H group) were studied. RESULTS Global mean values were significantly (P <.05) different between the three groups for oxygen consumption (PVD group, 0.027 +/- 0.009 mL/100 g/min; RF group, 0.038 +/- 0.017 mL/100 g/min; H group, 0.022 +/- 0.020 mL/100 g/min), venous oxygen saturation (PVD, 59.7% +/- 15.4%; RF, 69.6% +/- 10.5%; H, 80.8% +/- 4.5%), and, at 60 s of venous occlusion, concentration changes in oxyhemoglobin (PVD, 4.48 +/- 3.25 micromol/L; RF, 8.44 +/- 2.33 micromol/L; H, 6.85 +/- 4.57 micromol/L), deoxyhemoglobin (PVD, 3.60 +/- 0.73 micromol/L; RF, 4.39 +/- 1.30 micromol/L; H, 2.36 +/- 1.79 micromol/L), and total hemoglobin (PVD, 8.07 +/- 3.83 micromol/L; RF, 12.83 +/- 2.75 micromol/L; H, 9.21 +/- 6.34 micromol/L). No significant difference was found between the three groups for hemoglobin flow (PVD, 0.92 +/- 0.69 micromol/100 mL/min; RF, 1.68 +/- 0.50 micromol/100 mL/min; H, 1.44 +/- 1.17 micromol/100 mL/min) and blood flow (PVD, 0.45 +/- 0.28 mL/100 g/min; RF, 0.77 +/- 0.21 mL/100 g/min; H, 0.62 +/- 0.50 mL/100 g/min). All parameters featured a distribution dependent on location. CONCLUSION Mean value for venous oxygen saturation was higher in healthy subjects compared to patients with documented PVD. In patients with PVD, areas of lower oxygenation were clearly discernible. At distal locations of calf muscle, significant correlations between reduced hemoglobin flow, venous oxygen saturation, oxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin and reduced ankle-brachial index were found. Maps revealed localized irregularities in oxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and venous oxygen saturation in patients with PVD. Near-infrared spectrophotometry is a noninvasive bedside technique that can enable determination of blood flow and oxygenation in tissue and may provide a method for evaluating patients with PVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Wolf
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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