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Abstract
Proposals for health care cost containment emphasize high-value care as a way to control spending without compromising quality. When used in this context, 'value' refers to outcomes in relation to cost. To determine where health spending yields the most value, it is necessary to compare the benefits provided by different treatments. While many studies focus narrowly on health gains in assessing value, the notion of benefit is sometimes broadened to include overall quality of life. This paper explores the implications of using subjective quality of life measures for value assessment. This approach is claimed to be more respectful of patients and better capture the perspectival nature of quality of life. Even if this is correct, though, subjective measurement also raises challenging issues of interpersonal comparability when used to study health outcomes. Because such measures do not readily distinguish benefits due to medical interventions from benefits due to personal or other factors, they are not easily applied to the assessment of treatment value. I argue that when the outcome of interest in value assessment is broadened to include quality of life, the cost side of these measures should also be broadened. I show how one philosophical theory of well-being, Jason Raibley's "agential flourishing" theory, can be adapted for use in quality of life research to better fit the needs and aims of value assessment in health care. Finally, I briefly note some implications of this argument for debates about fairness in health care allocations.
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Kaneko Y, Mouri T, Seto Y, Nishioka N, Yoshimura A, Yamamoto C, Harita S, Chihara Y, Tamiya N, Yamada T, Uchino J, Takayama K. The Quality of Life of Patients with Suspected Lung Cancer before and after Bronchoscopy and the Effect of Mirtazapine on the Depressive Status. Intern Med 2020; 59:1605-1610. [PMID: 32612064 PMCID: PMC7402957 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4341-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with suspected lung cancer often experience adverse side effects such as anxiety, depression, and a decreased appetite. These side effects influence the patients' quality of life and their ability to make decisions concerning appropriate treatment. This study examined the psychological status and quality of life of patients with suspected lung cancer before and after bronchoscopy treatment and evaluated the effect of mirtazapine prescribed to patients with depression. Methods To assess patient characteristics (e.g. age, gender, and medical history), a questionnaire including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Japanese version and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-L was administered. Patients Forty-three patients admitted for bronchoscopy treatment between May 2017 and April 2018 were included. Results The results showed that patients with depression reported a worse quality of life than those without depression. Compared with no medication, the administration of mirtazapine alleviated depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the patients' depressive status was affected by their physical symptoms, including coughing, tightness of chest, and dyspnea. Conclusion Our results emphasize the importance of detecting depression in the early stages of a cancer diagnosis and have significant implications concerning pharmacological intervention in patients with cancer displaying signs of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takako Mouri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yurie Seto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishioka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Chie Yamamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sachi Harita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yusuke Chihara
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Tamiya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Junji Uchino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Ahlam A, Hind M, Haddou Rahou B, Rachid R, Hassan E. Quality of life of Moroccan patients on the palliative phase of advanced cancer. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:351. [PMID: 31227021 PMCID: PMC6588852 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to assess the quality of life of caregiver’s. The study was conducted at the RABAT National Institute of Oncology in MOROCCO. Results 120 patients on the palliative phase of advanced cancer were included. Severe fatigue was observed in 64.2% of patients with an average of 90.55 ± 14.7. There was a positive association between functional dimensions and overall quality of life and a negative association between symptoms and overall quality of life. Patients under 30 years had a lower quality of life. According to the multi-varied analysis, physical function, emotional functioning and fatigue were significant predictors of Health related quality of life/overall quality of life (p < 0.05). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4390-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitouma Ahlam
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco. .,Translational Oncology Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mrabti Hind
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.,Translational Oncology Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Haddou Rahou
- Research Department, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Razine Rachid
- Laboratory of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Errihani Hassan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.,Translational Oncology Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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4
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Sheppard DP, Woods SP, Hasbun R, Salazar L, Nolan MS, Murray KO. Does intra-individual neurocognitive variability relate to neuroinvasive disease and quality of life in West Nile Virus? J Neurovirol 2018; 24:506-513. [PMID: 29696579 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-018-0641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
West Nile Virus (WNV) can be a neuroinvasive pathogen that may produce persistent mild-to-moderate neurocognitive impairments in some infected persons. Intra-individual variability (IIV) is an index of a person's performance across a neuropsychological test or battery, which is an indicator of neurocognitive control and integrity of prefrontal systems. The present study examined possible associations of IIV to neurological health and well-being in WNV infection. Participants included 84 adults with a range of clinical WNV disease (31 West Nile Encephalitis, 16 West Nile Meningitis, 37 West Nile Fever) who completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). IIV was operationalized as covariance of variation (CoV), or the intra-individual standard deviation across 5 age-adjusted RBANS standard scores divided by the mean of standard scores. Participants were assessed for health-related quality of life (QoL) using the RAND 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). Analyses revealed that the West Nile Encephalitis group had higher neurocognitive CoV compared to the West Nile Fever group, and this difference was associated with a medium effect size (Cohen's d = .52). Mixed linear models controlling for estimated IQ, activities of daily living, depression, neuroinvasive disease groups, and fatigue showed that higher RBANS CoV was associated with lower physical, but not mental health QoL. In persons with WNV infection, there is a modest association between elevations in IIV and encephalitis, and even subtle disruptions in neuropsychological functioning show relationships with important self-reported functioning as measured by physical health quality of life. Future studies should examine whether IIV predicts long-term health outcomes (e.g., mortality) in individuals infected with WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Sheppard
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucrecia Salazar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa S Nolan
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristy O Murray
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Rodgers BL, Jacelon CS, Knafl KA. Concept Analysis and the Advance of Nursing Knowledge: State of the Science. J Nurs Scholarsh 2018; 50:451-459. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth L. Rodgers
- Gamma Omega , Chair, Adult Health and Nursing Systems Department, Nursing Alumni Endowed Professor; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Cynthia S. Jacelon
- Beta Zeta , Professor, College of Nursing; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA USA
| | - Kathleen A. Knafl
- Frances Hill Fox Distinguished Professor, School of Nursing; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
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Pinto S, Fumincelli L, Mazzo A, Caldeira S, Martins JC. Comfort, well-being and quality of life: Discussion of the differences and similarities among the concepts. Porto Biomed J 2017; 2:6-12. [PMID: 32258577 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbj.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Highlights The distinction among the concepts of comfort, well-being and QoL is often unclear.This ambiguity can lead to redundancies, gaps, and knowledge dispersion.The concepts are not surrogate terms but related concepts sharing common attributes. Aim To analyze the differences and similarities of the concepts of comfort, well-being and quality of life (QoL). Methods Review of concept analysis research on PubMed, Cinahl (full text) and Scielo, using the search terms "Comfort", "Well-being", "Quality of Life" and "Concept Analysis". Results Eighteen studies were included. Comfort is a broader holistic concept while well-being is mainly related to psycho-spiritual dimensions. QoL reflects the individual perception of satisfaction with life. Conclusions The concepts are not surrogate terms, but related concepts sharing common attributes. Caution should be taken in further research, particularly as regards the correct use and framing of the concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pinto
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto
- Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laís Fumincelli
- University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mazzo
- University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Caldeira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Instituto de Ciências da Saúde - Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Martins
- Medical-Surgical Unit, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Human Sciences and Health, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
To better understand quality of life (QOL) and its important correlates among patients with terminal illness, a cross-sectional correlational design was used in a study based on Stewart, Teno, Patrick, and Lynn’s conceptual model of factors affecting QOL of dying patients and their families. Sixty participants were recruited from two local hospice programs in the midwestern region of the United States. Data were collected at the participants’ homes. The participants had an above average QOL. Living with the caregiver, spirituality, pain intensity, physical performance status, and social support as a set explained 38% of the variance in their QOL. Among these five predictors, living with the caregiver, spirituality, and social support statistically were significant predictors of the QOL of these participants. Participants who did not live with their caregivers experienced less pain intensity, perceived higher spirituality, had more social support, and had a significantly better QOL. Important contributions of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woung-Ru Tang
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University
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Difazio RL, Vessey JA, Zurakowski D, Snyder BD. Differences in health-related quality of life and caregiver burden after hip and spine surgery in non-ambulatory children with severe cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58:298-305. [PMID: 26299261 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in caregivers' perceptions of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and caregiver impact in children with severe, non-ambulatory cerebral palsy after orthopedic surgery to correct hip or spine deformities. METHOD A prospective longitudinal cohort study (n=44) design was used to measure changes before and after surgery. Caregivers completed the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) and the Assessment of Caregiver Experience with Neuromuscular Disease (ACEND). Data collection was between February 2011 and February 2014. Caregivers were included if their child was 3 to 25 years old, had cerebral palsy in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V, and was scheduled for orthopedic surgery. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to assess changes before and at four time points after surgery. RESULTS Forty-four caregivers participated. Caregivers' perceptions of their child's HRQOL demonstrated an improvement from baseline to 12 months (p<0.001). Patients who had spine surgery demonstrated a steady improvement over time, whereas patients who had hip surgery had a decrease at 6 weeks followed by steady improvement. Improvements were noted in five of six of the CPCHILD domains, with no changes in the quality of life domain. No changes were noted in any of the ACEND domains. INTERPRETATION Caregivers report an improvement in a variety of domains of HRQOL 1 year after orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Difazio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith A Vessey
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Departments of Anesthesia and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian D Snyder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Polanski J, Jankowska-Polanska B, Rosinczuk J, Chabowski M, Szymanska-Chabowska A. Quality of life of patients with lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1023-8. [PMID: 27013895 PMCID: PMC4778772 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause of oncologic-related death worldwide. Due to delayed diagnosis, 5-year survival rate accounts for only 15%. Treatment includes surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, it is burdened by many side effects. Progress of the disease, severity of its symptoms, and side effects decrease significantly the quality of life (QoL) in those patients. The level of self-assessed QoL helps in predicting survival, which is especially important among patients receiving palliative care. Patients assess their functioning in five dimensions (physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and life roles), severity of symptoms, financial problems, and overall QoL. The QoL in lung cancer patients is lower than in healthy population and patients suffering from other malignancies. It is affected by the severity and the number of symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite, dyspnea, cough, pain, and blood in sputum, which are specific for lung tumors. Fatigue and respiratory problems reduce psychological dimension of QoL, while sleep problems reduce cognitive functioning. Physical dimension (related to growing disability) decreases in most of the patients. Also, most of them are unable to play their family and social roles. The disease is a frequent reason of irritation, distress, and depression. Management of the disease symptoms may improve QoL. Controlling the level of fatigue, pulmonary rehabilitation, and social and spiritual support are recommended. Early introduction of tailored palliative treatment is a strategy of choice for improvement of QoL in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Polanski
- Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Home Hospice, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Rosinczuk
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Chabowski
- Division of Nursing in Surgical Procedures, Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szymanska-Chabowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Liao YC, Shun SC, Liao WY, Yu CJ, Yang PC, Lai YH. Quality of life and related factors in patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer: a longitudinal study. Oncol Nurs Forum 2014; 41:E44-55. [PMID: 24578085 DOI: 10.1188/14.onf.e44-e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine the changes in quality of life (QOL), symptoms, self-efficacy for coping with cancer, and factors related to those changes in patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer. DESIGN Longitudinal and correlational. SETTING Oncology inpatient wards and outpatient departments of a medical center in northern Taiwan. SAMPLE 101 patients newly diagnosed with stage IIIB or IV lung cancer. METHODS Questionnaires were used to assess patients' QOL, symptoms, and self-efficacy before treatment and at one and three months following treatment. Factors related to the changes in global QOL and five functional dimensions were analyzed using six generalized estimating equation models. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES QOL, symptoms, and self-efficacy for coping with cancer. FINDINGS Patients reported moderate levels of global QOL, symptom severity, and self-efficacy for coping with cancer. They also reported high physical and cognitive functions, but relatively low role and social functions. Factors were significantly related to the most functional dimensions, including self-efficacy, fatigue, pain, sleep difficulties, and demographic- and disease-related factors. Self-efficacy was the most robust factor for predicting QOL. CONCLUSIONS Patients with advanced lung cancer experience a compromised global QOL and relatively low social and role functioning during the first three months following cancer diagnosis. Levels of self-efficacy and symptoms significantly affected changes in QOL and functioning. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Applying a systematic assessment of changes in QOL and developing comprehensive interventions with self-efficacy training and symptom management are strongly recommended for clinical care to improve the QOL of patients with advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chien Liao
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University in Hsinchu
| | - Shiow-Ching Shun
- School of Nursing in the College of Medicine, National Taiwan University in Taipei
| | - Wei-Yu Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Yeur-Hur Lai
- School of Nursing in the College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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11
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Abstract
The focus of this column is to provide a brief overview of several conceptual analyses of quality of life along with their resulting definitions. A discussion of the more specific construct of health-related quality of life in terms of chronic illness is considered followed by an in-depth review of health-related quality of life measurement instruments. Finally, the idea of health-related quality of life considered as input to decision-making instead of designated as an outcome measure is proposed.
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12
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Leary A. Quality of Life in Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118702857.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Williams AC, Grant M, Tiep B, Kim JY, Hayter J. Dyspnea Management in Early Stage Lung Cancer: A Palliative Perspective. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2012; 14:341-342. [PMID: 24058283 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0b013e31825e4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cathy Williams
- Division of Nursing Research & Education, Department of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Fulton JS, Miller WR, Otte JL. A systematic review of analyses of the concept of quality of life in nursing: exploring how form of analysis affects understanding. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2012; 35:E1-12. [PMID: 22565793 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0b013e318253728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life is central to nursing and commonly aimed at the preservation of health-related quality of life. Few rigorous studies address concept development of health-related quality of life. The purpose of this article was to explore quality of life as it is used in nursing by systematically reviewing published concept development. The results found the need for a more robust and rigorous study of the concept and suggest that forms of analysis be used that explicitly explore the concept in context using empirical data along with a broad and clearly defined literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Fulton
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, USA.
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Sloan JA, Zhao X, Novotny PJ, Wampfler J, Garces Y, Clark MM, Yang P. Relationship between deficits in overall quality of life and non-small-cell lung cancer survival. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:1498-504. [PMID: 22454418 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.33.4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence has suggested a clinically meaningful relationship between self-reported quality of life (QOL) of a patient with cancer at the time of receiving a cancer diagnosis and overall survival (OS). This study evaluated the prognostic value of QOL assessments with regard to OS in a large cohort of patients with lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 2,442 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer were observed between 1997 and 2007 and completed a single-item measure of overall QOL within the first 6 months of receiving a lung cancer diagnosis; these were dichotomized using an a priori definition of a clinically deficient score (CDS; ≤ 50 v > 50). Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox models were used to evaluate the prognostic importance of QOL on OS alone and in the presence of covariates. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify which clinical and patient characteristics were related to a clinically meaningful deficit in QOL. RESULTS QOL deficits at time of lung cancer diagnosis were significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55; P < .001), as were performance status, older age, smoking history, male sex, treatment factors, and stage of disease. The median survival for patients with CDS QOL was 1.6 years versus 5.6 years for patients with non-CDS QOL. After controlling for all these covariates, the indication of a clinically deficient baseline QOL still contributed significantly to the prediction of patient survival (HR, 0.67; P < .001). CONCLUSION Overall QOL measured by a simple single item at the time of lung cancer diagnosis is a significant and independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with lung cancer.
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Caissie A, Culleton S, Nguyen J, Zhang L, Zeng L, Holden L, Dennis K, Chan E, Jon F, Tsao M, Danjoux C, Sahgal A, Barnes E, Koo K, Chow E. What QLQ-C15-PAL Symptoms Matter Most for Overall Quality of Life in Patients With Advanced Cancer? World J Oncol 2011; 2:166-174. [PMID: 29147243 PMCID: PMC5649654 DOI: 10.4021/wjon330w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have evaluated the QLQ-C15-PAL health-related quality of life (QOL) questionnaire, an abbreviated version of the QLQ-C30 questionnaire that was designed specifically for patients with advanced cancer. The present study assessed whether certain symptoms or functional domains from the QLQ-C15-PAL predicted overall QOL when rated prior to palliative radiation treatment (RT). Patients and Methods Patients attending an outpatient palliative radiotherapy clinic completed QLQ-C15-PAL questionnaires prior to palliative RT for bone, brain or lung disease. Pearson correlations were computed between the QLQ-C15-PAL functional/symptom scores and overall QOL scores. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the relative importance of functional/symptom scales in association with overall QOL. Results Data from 369 patients were analyzed. The QLQ-C15-PAL domains of physical and emotional functioning, pain, and appetite loss were significant predictors of overall QOL in these patients with advanced cancer. Appetite loss was the only significant independent predictor of overall QOL in the subgroup of patients with advanced lung cancer (n = 29). Both appetite loss and emotional functioning were independently predictive of overall QOL in patients with bone metastases (n = 190). In patients with brain metastases (n = 150), independent predictors of overall QOL included physical and emotional functioning as well as fatigue. Conclusion The QLQ-C15-PAL domains of physical and emotional functioning, pain and appetite loss were significant predictors of overall QOL in this cohort of patients with advanced cancer. Different functional and symptom scales predicted overall QOL in patients with bone metastases, brain metastases or advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Caissie
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaelyn Culleton
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Nguyen
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liying Zhang
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liang Zeng
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori Holden
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristopher Dennis
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther Chan
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florencia Jon
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - May Tsao
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril Danjoux
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Barnes
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Koo
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Chow
- Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rodriguez KL, Bayliss N, Alexander SC, Jeffreys AS, Olsen MK, Pollak KI, Kennifer SL, Tulsky JA, Arnold RM. How oncologists and their patients with advanced cancer communicate about health-related quality of life. Psychooncology 2010; 19:490-9. [PMID: 19449348 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the content and frequency of communication about health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during outpatient encounters between oncologists and their patients with advanced cancer. METHODS We coded for HRQOL talk in a subset of audio-recorded conversations (each previously found to contain prognostic talk by the oncologist) from the Study of Communication in Oncologist-Patient Encounters Trial, a randomized controlled trial conducted from 2003 to 2008 in two large US academic medical centers and one Veterans Affairs Medical Center. RESULTS Seventy-three encounters involved 70 patients and 37 oncologists. Patients were more likely to be female (53%), White (86%), married (78%), and possessing some college education (62%). Most oncologists were male (78%) and White (78%). Mean ages were 59 years for patients and 44 years for oncologists. Every encounter included some talk about HRQOL and HRQOL discussions made up, on average, 25% of the visit time. HRQOL segments described symptoms (50%), general HRQOL (27%), and the following concerns: physical (27%), functional (22%), psychological (9%), social (7%), spiritual (1%), and other (28%). Topics included treatment (56%), disease (14%), and testing (3%), and conversations focused on past (44%), present (68%), and future HRQOL (59%). CONCLUSIONS HRQOL discussions between oncologists and patients are common, but the emphasis is often on treatment (e.g. side effects) and symptoms (e.g. pain) even in patients with advanced disease. Given the often intense emotional experience of patients with advanced cancer, oncologists may need to pay more attention to psychological, social, and spiritual HRQOL concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri L Rodriguez
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
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John LD. Self-care strategies used by patients with lung cancer to promote quality of life. Oncol Nurs Forum 2010; 37:339-47. [PMID: 20439218 DOI: 10.1188/10.onf.339-347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe self-care strategies used by patients with lung cancer to promote quality of life (QOL). RESEARCH APPROACH Qualitative study using a phenomenologic approach. SETTING Cancer clinics in central Texas. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sampling was used to enroll 10 adults with lung cancer who had completed primary treatment within the prior two years. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH One-on-one, semistructured, audiotaped interviews were conducted. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES QOL and self-care strategies. FINDINGS Participants identified family and social support, functional independence, physical well-being, and spirituality as important aspects of QOL. Participants identified fatigue as the factor most negatively affecting QOL. Self-care strategies identified to improve QOL were primarily related to fatigue management. Rest was the primary self-care strategy reportedly recommended by healthcare providers, but this strategy was ineffective. Helpful self-care strategies included budgeting time and energy, maintaining contact with family and friends for support, and prayer. CONCLUSIONS This study documents the negative effect of fatigue on QOL in patients with lung cancer. Use of rest to manage fatigue's pervasive negative effect on QOL is a common self-care strategy, reportedly recommended by healthcare providers, but is ineffective by itself to manage fatigue and improve QOL. INTERPRETATION Healthcare providers should assess self-care strategies used by patients with lung cancer to promote improved QOL. Because fatigue has a documented negative effect on QOL in patients with lung cancer, providers should encourage the use of multidimensional strategies that have been supported by research evidence to manage fatigue and improve QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri D John
- School of Nursing, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA.
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Berterö C, Vanhanen M, Appelin G. Receiving a diagnosis of inoperable lung cancer: patients' perspectives of how it affects their life situation and quality of life. Acta Oncol 2009; 47:862-9. [PMID: 17891669 DOI: 10.1080/02841860701654333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease with many biomedical and psychological symptoms. The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer induces adverse effects. Having an inoperable lung cancer there are few possibilities of being cured. Management of patients with inoperable disease is directed at relieving local or systemic symptoms. The purpose of this study is to describe how it affects the patients' life situation and quality of life. Data was collected by qualitative interviews where the patient's lived experiences were articulated. Twenty-three Swedish patients diagnosed and starting palliative treatment for inoperable lung cancer were interviewed. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were interpreted trough interpretive phenomenology. Six themes were identified that were important for the informants' experience of their life situation and quality of life. The themes were: Experience of uncertainty; including time of waiting and thoughts, experience of hope; about a prolonged life, network as support; being treated as the person they are thoughts of death; is there time to conclude their lives?, feelings of shame and guilt; they have caused the disease by themselves and next of kin reactions; sadness, guilt, worries and anger. These six themes gave a structure presenting the essence: Living as usual. Maintaining independency and integrity were important, as well as maintaining status, being treated as the person they always had been and that they experience that they had a meaning to fulfill in life. They were living as usual. The findings of this study point out the importance of improving the care of people afflicted with lung cancer, as well as promoting support for the next of kin, since they are significantly important for these patients' experiences of quality of life. This knowledge and understanding will be useful for development of interventions and guidelines for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Berterö
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Taylor RM, Gibson F, Franck LS. A concept analysis of health-related quality of life in young people with chronic illness. J Clin Nurs 2008; 17:1823-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ostlund U, Wennman-Larsen A, Gustavsson P, Wengström Y. What symptom and functional dimensions can be predictors for global ratings of overall quality of life in lung cancer patients? Support Care Cancer 2007; 15:1199-205. [PMID: 17431688 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-007-0239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores what dimensions of a health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire predict global ratings of overall quality of life (QOL) in lung cancer patients in assessments by patients and significant others, respectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS The analyses were based on dyadic assessments from lung cancer patients and their significant others. A subset of scales and items from the Swedish version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ C30 and the lung-cancer-specific module, LC-13, was selected. Using multiple regression procedures, the relative importance of different symptoms and of functional impairments in predicting overall QOL was examined. RESULTS The multiple regressions revealed that emotional functioning and fatigue were the only significant predictors of overall QOL for both the patients and the significant others' assessments. In addition, physical functioning was found to be another predictor in the significant others' assessments. CONCLUSION The results emphasize that it is essential to consider both emotional functioning and fatigue as important areas for overall QOL in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Ostlund
- Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 23300, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
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Sarna L, Brown JK, Cooley ME, Williams RD, Chernecky C, Padilla G, Danao LL. Quality of Life and Meaning of Illness of Women With Lung Cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2007; 32:E9-19. [PMID: 15660139 DOI: 10.1188/05.onf.e9-e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the quality of life (QOL) of women with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and examine relationships of demographic, clinical, health status, and meaning of illness (MOI) characteristics to QOL. DESIGN Descriptive, cross-sectional survey. SETTING In-person interviews in homes or research offices. SAMPLE 217 women with NSCLC (greater than 6 months and less than 5 years since diagnosis, mean = 2 years); 19% of the women had advanced disease. The mean age was 65 years. METHODS Assessments of QOL with cancer-specific (QOL Scale-Patient Version) and generic (Short Form-36) self-reports, health status (i.e., number and type of comorbid conditions, presence of depressed mood using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, smoking status), and MOI (positive and negative perceptions). MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES QOL, health status, MOI, and demographic and clinical characteristics. FINDINGS Serious disruptions in psychological and social aspects of QOL were common. Depressed mood, negative conceptualizations of MOI, and younger age explained 37% of the variance of global QOL and were correlated with poorer physical, psychological, and social dimensions of QOL. Thirty-six percent reported negative ascriptions of MOI; 35% experienced depressed mood; more than 75% reported distress with their diagnosis, family distress, and impact of sexual function as lowering their QOL; and 67% reported comorbid conditions, the most common being chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (31%). CONCLUSIONS Women with lung cancer experience a range of disruptions in QOL, and more than a third associate lung cancer with negative meaning. Younger age, depressed mood, and number of comorbid diseases are risk factors for negative QOL. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING These findings support the importance of assessing the QOL, MOI, and health status of women with lung cancer even after treatment is completed. Younger women may be at higher risk for disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sarna
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Johansson CM, Axelsson B, Danielson E. Living With Incurable Cancer at the End of Life-Patients' Perceptions on Quality of Life. Cancer Nurs 2006; 29:391-9. [PMID: 17006113 DOI: 10.1097/00002820-200609000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes incurably ill cancer patients' perceptions of the quality of life at the end of life. Purposeful sampling was used to get as comprehensive descriptions as possible about quality of life. Five patients participated in repeated focus groups. Content analysis showed that the patients emphasized what they could perform and enjoy in daily life, not their shortcomings. Five themes were developed: "valuing ordinariness in life," "maintaining a positive life," "alleviated suffering," "significant relations," and "managing life when ill." The themes describe that the patients could participate in daily and social life despite cancer. Relation with family and palliative team deepened during the progress of illness in such that a resonance developed in communication. Other important findings were that patients' memories helped them to maintain a positive life and that the patients used individual strategies to relieve pain by emotional and physical distractions. For the patients, managing life as ill meant taking actions with creative thinking in solving problems as a way to cope and achieve quality of life. These positive findings from the focus groups have led to continued research regarding how patients with incurable cancer perceive quality of life.
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Downe-Wamboldt B, Butler L, Coulter L. The Relationship Between Meaning of Illness, Social Support, Coping Strategies, and Quality of Life for Lung Cancer Patients and Their Family Members. Cancer Nurs 2006; 29:111-9. [PMID: 16565620 DOI: 10.1097/00002820-200603000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article explores the relationship between meaning of illness, perceived social support resources, coping strategies used, and quality of life (QOL) by patients with lung cancer and their family members. The study was cross-sectional using interview data from 85 patients and associated family members. Regression results showed that total QOL in patients with lung cancer is predicted most by meaning of illness, specifically, the illness being perceived as manageable. QOL in family members is predicted most by meaning of illness, specifically, less adverse impact. Interestingly, the overall meaning of illness, coping strategies used, and social support were similar in the 2 groups. The results of the study emphasize the importance of acknowledging the circumstances of people's lives, both patients surviving lung cancer and their family members, which contribute to QOL.
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26
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He G, Liu S. Quality of Life and Coping Styles in Chinese Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients After Hospitalization. Cancer Nurs 2005; 28:179-86. [PMID: 15915060 DOI: 10.1097/00002820-200505000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to describe the quality of life (QOL) and coping style of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after hospitalization and to explore the relationship between coping style and health-related QOL of NPC patients. A descriptive correlational design was used in this study. Ninety-eight NPC patients were investigated by a convenient sampling method. Three instruments were employed for data collection. Demographic Information Sheet was used to collect the subjects' demographic characteristics. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-H & N) was used to measure health-related QOL. The Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS) was used to measure coping styles. Descriptive analysis and Spearman correlation analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 10.0. Data collection was done from September 2002 to December 2002. The standard score of FACT-H & N for subjects was 67.83%. Patients scored lowest on the Head and Neck subscale. With a mean score of 2.09 +/- 0.53, patient scored the "optimistic" highest on JCS. Some other coping styles scored were "self-reliant"(1.68 +/- 0.49), "palliative" (1.51 +/- 0.60), "emotive"(0.84 +/- 0.59), "fatalistic"(0.92 +/- 0.70), and "evasive"(1.27 +/- 0.44). There were positive correlations between "optimistic," "palliative," and QOL; the coefficient r were 0.456 and 0.324, respectively. There were negative correlations between "emotive," "fatalistic," "evasive," and QOL; the coefficient r were -0.465, -0.427, and -0.271, respectively. No significant correlations were found among "confrontative," "self-reliant," "supportive," and QOL, P > .05. The adverse effects of radiation remain the major problems that affect the health-related QOL of NPC patients posttherapy. Positive emotion-focused coping styles were positively correlated to QOL, and negative emotion-focused ones negatively correlated. Problem-focused coping styles were not statistically correlated to QOL among NPC patients posttherapy. The findings of this study suggest that nurses need to pay attention to the QOL of NPC patients posttherapy, including appropriate education to minimize ongoing adverse effects and support the use of effective coping styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping He
- Xiang-Ya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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27
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Yan H, Sellick K. Symptoms, Psychological Distress, Social Support, and Quality of Life of Chinese Patients Newly Diagnosed With Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cancer Nurs 2004; 27:389-99. [PMID: 15525867 DOI: 10.1097/00002820-200409000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to describe symptoms, psychological distress, social support, and quality of life of Chinese patients newly diagnosed with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer, and to identify the extent to which demographic, physical, and psychosocial factors predict their quality of life. A convenience sample of 146 newly diagnosed GIT cancer patients recruited from 3 major hospitals in Shanghai completed a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to obtain demographic and medical data and measures of symptoms, psychological distress, social support, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and global quality of life (GQoL). Measures developed in English were translated into Chinese using the procedure advocated by WHO. The results showed that the most common signs and symptoms reported were fatigue, pain, and weight loss; 28% of the patients were depressed; and overall, patients had a moderate quality of life. Comparative analyses found some difference on measures for demographic and diagnostic subgroups. Depression, symptom distress, and social support accounted for 44% of the total variance for HRQoL, while perceived financial difficulty and symptom distress accounted for 20% of the total variance for GQoL. Findings from this research give insights into the importance of quality of life assessment, symptom management, and intervention to improve the quality of life of Chinese cancer patients. It also raises questions about measures of quality of life that are culturally relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yan
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, 305 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200-032, People's Republic of China.
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Dow KH. Seventh National Conference on Cancer Nursing Research keynote address: challenges and opportunities in cancer survivorship research. Oncol Nurs Forum 2003; 30:455-69. [PMID: 12719745 DOI: 10.1188/03.onf.455-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hassey Dow
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Public Affairs, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Sarna L, Padilla G, Holmes C, Tashkin D, Brecht ML, Evangelista L. Quality of life of long-term survivors of non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:2920-9. [PMID: 12089220 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2002.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the quality of life (QOL) among survivors of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred forty-two 5-year minimum self-reported disease-free survivors of NSCLC completed QOL instruments (QOL-Survivor and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form [SF-36]) and assessments of emotional distress (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), comorbid disease, and tobacco use. Pulmonary function was assessed with a hand-held spirometer. Multivariate regression methods were used on total QOL-Survivor scores and physical (PC) and mental (MC) component scores of the SF-36. RESULTS The majority (71%) of survivors described themselves as hopeful, and 50% viewed the cancer experience as contributing to positive life changes (QOL-Survivor). Comorbidity was common (60% >or= one condition); 22% had distressed mood (CES-D >or= 16). Most were former smokers (76%); 13% continued to smoke. Half had moderate/severe pulmonary distress (forced expired volume in 1 second [FEV1] < 70% of predicted). Regression models including the set of variables (age, sex, living alone, education, smoking status, pulmonary function category, distressed mood, time since diagnosis, and comorbidity) accounted for 37%, 48%, and 29% in the QOL-total, MC, and PC scores, respectively. Primary predictors of lower QOL scores were white ethnicity and distressed mood (CES-D >or= 16) (34% of the variance explained). The primary predictor of lower MC scores was distressed mood (R(2) = 0.45). Lower PC scores were associated with older age, living alone, FEV1 less than 70% of predicted, distressed mood, time since diagnosis, and more comorbid diseases (R(2) = 0.28). CONCLUSION These findings provide the first description of the QOL of long-term survivors of lung cancer. Risk factors for poorer QOL are strongly linked to distressed mood, which is a potential target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sarna
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6918, USA.
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30
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Schwartz S, Plawecki HM. Consequences of chemotherapy on the sexuality of patients with lung cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2002; 6:212-6. [PMID: 12087617 DOI: 10.1188/02.cjon.212-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy can cause a variety of physical and emotional changes that affect all aspects of patients' lives, including sexuality. Alterations in physical appearance can significantly influence people's perceptions of their sexual identities, attractiveness, and worthiness. Patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy may need sexual counseling. Therefore, patients and healthcare providers should create an environment that allows adequate time to discreetly discuss the impact that chemotherapy treatment may have on appearance, self-esteem, and sexuality. Nurses and physicians might hesitate to discuss sexuality with patients for various reasons, including time limitations, privacy considerations, readiness, and comfort level. Employers should provide support, educational programs, and professional resources so that healthcare providers can obtain the knowledge, develop the skills, and recognize that counseling patients about sexual issues is an important aspect in providing comprehensive holistic care to patients with lung cancer.
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Nuamah IF, Cooley ME, Fawcett J, McCorkle R. Testing a theory for health-related quality of life in cancer patients: a structural equation approach. Res Nurs Health 1999; 22:231-42. [PMID: 10344703 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199906)22:3<231::aid-nur5>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test a Roy Adaptation Model-based theory of health-related quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed cancer. Using a structural equation model, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was regarded as a latent variable measured by 4 empirical indicators representing the 4 biopsychosocial response modes of the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM). The response modes are physiologic, self-concept, interdependence, and role function. These were empirically represented by physical symptoms, affective status, social support, and functional support, respectively. In this secondary analysis, 3 RAM propositions were tested in a sample of 375 newly diagnosed postsurgical cancer patients 60 years and over. These were: (a) that the 4 response modes are interrelated; (b) that environmental stimuli of gender, race, age, income, marital status, cancer treatment, and severity of illness influence the biopsychosocial response modes; and (c) that the biopsychosocial responses soon after diagnosis predict biopsychosocial responses 3 months later. The analyses did not support the proposition that all 4 response modes were interrelated. The results, however, revealed that severity of illness and adjuvant cancer treatment had the strongest association with the biopsychosocial responses and should be considered the focal environmental stimuli. The remaining environmental stimuli can be considered contextual. Also, the proposition that initial biopsychosocial responses predicted later responses was supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Nuamah
- Center for Advancing Care in Serious Illness, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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