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Cotinat M, Boquet I, Ursino M, Brocard C, Jouve E, Alberti C, Bensoussan L, Viton JM, Brocard F, Blin O. Riluzole for treating spasticity in patients with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury: Study protocol in the phase ib/iib adaptive multicenter randomized controlled RILUSCI trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0276892. [PMID: 36662869 PMCID: PMC9858801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satisfactory treatment is often lacking for spasticity, a highly prevalent motor disorder in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Low concentrations of riluzole potently reduce the persistent sodium current, the post-SCI increase in which contributes to spasticity. The repurposing of this drug may therefore constitute a useful potential therapeutic option for relieving SCI patients suffering from chronic traumatic spasticity. OBJECTIVE RILUSCI is a phase 1b-2b trial designed to assess whether riluzole is a safe and biologically effective means of managing spasticity in adult patients with traumatic chronic SCI. METHODS In this multicenter double-blind trial, adults (aged 18-65 years) suffering from spasticity after SCI (target enrollment: 90 participants) will be randomly assigned to be given either a placebo or a recommended daily oral dose of riluzole for two weeks. The latter dose will be previously determined in phase 1b of the study by performing double-blind dose-finding tests using a Bayesian continuous reassessment method. The primary endpoint of the trial will be an improvement in the Modified Ashworth Score (MAS) or the Numerical Rating Score (NRS) quantifying spasticity. The secondary outcomes will be based on the safety and pharmacokinetics of riluzole as well as its impact on muscle spasms, pain, bladder dysfunction and quality of life. Analyses will be performed before, during and after the treatment and the placebo-controlled period. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this clinical trial will be the first to document the safety and efficacy of riluzole as a means of reducing spasticity in patients with chronic SCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trial, which is already in progress, was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov website on August 9, 2016 under the registration number NCT02859792. TRIAL SPONSOR Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Cotinat
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Marseille, France
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sainte Marguerite University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Boquet
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Moreno Ursino
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, FCRIN PARTNERS Platform, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, INSERM U1123 and CIC-EC 1426, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
- Inria, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Jouve
- Aix Marseille University, APHM, INSERM, Inst Neurosci Syst, UMR1106, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Alberti
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, FCRIN PARTNERS Platform, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, INSERM U1123 and CIC-EC 1426, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bensoussan
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de Réadaptation de Valmante Sud, UGECAM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Viton
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Marseille, France
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sainte Marguerite University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Brocard
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Aix Marseille University, APHM, INSERM, Inst Neurosci Syst, UMR1106, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Marseille, France
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Cha S, Yun JH, Myong Y, Shin HI. Spasticity and preservation of skeletal muscle mass in people with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2018; 57:317-323. [PMID: 30552414 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-018-0228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between skeletal muscle mass and spasticity in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING Tertiary level hospital in Seoul, Korea METHODS: Spasticity was evaluated in 69 participants with SCI using the spasticity sum score (SSS), Penn Spasm Frequency Scale (PSFS), and Spinal Cord Assessment Tool for Spastic Reflexes (SCATS). Skeletal muscle mass was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner, and skeletal muscle index was calculated by dividing skeletal muscle mass by height squared. Laboratory parameters including hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine, fasting glucose, and cholesterol were measured. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between the skeletal muscle mass and spasticity scales. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to present the independent association between them. RESULTS The participants' mean age was 41.8 years; 54 (78.3%) were male, and 46 (66.7%) were tetraplegic. Skeletal muscle index of lower extremities was significantly correlated with all spasticity scales. Spearman's correlation coefficients were 0.468, 0.467, 0.555, 0.506, and 0.474 for SSS, PSFS, SCATS clonus, SCATS flexor, and SCATS extensor with p-values < 0.001, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, level of injury, body mass index, and serum creatinine, all spasticity scales were significantly associated with skeletal muscle index of lower extremities in multiple regression analysis. Standardized coefficients were 0.228, 0.274, 0.294, 0.210, and 0.227 for SSS, PSFS, SCATS clonus, SCATS flexor, and SCATS extensor. CONCLUSIONS Spasticity was significantly correlated with the skeletal muscle mass even after adjusting for possible confounders. Spasticity may need to be considered as an influencing factor in interventions such as electrical stimulation to preserve skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Cha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Yun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youho Myong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ik Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Sivaramakrishnan A, Solomon JM, Manikandan N. Comparison of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) for spasticity in spinal cord injury - A pilot randomized cross-over trial. J Spinal Cord Med 2018; 41:397-406. [PMID: 29067867 PMCID: PMC6055976 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1390930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spasticity following spinal cord injury (SCI) can impair function and affect quality of life. This study compared the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) on lower limb spasticity in patients with SCI. DESIGN Double blind randomized crossover design. SETTING Neuro-rehabilitation unit, Manipal University, India. PARTICIPANTS Ten participants (age: 39 ± 13.6 years, C1-T11, 1-26 months post SCI) with lower limb spasticity were enrolled in this study. INTERVENTIONS Participants were administered electrical stimulation with TENS and FES (duration - 30 minutes) in a cross over manner separated by 24 hours. OUTCOME MEASURES Spasticity was measured using modified Ashworth scale (MAS) [for hip abductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors] and spinal cord assessment tool for spastic reflexes (SCATS). Assessments were performed at baseline, immediately, 1 hour, 4 hours, and 24 hours post intervention. RESULTS A between group analysis did not show statistically significant differences between FES and TENS (P > 0.05). In the within group analyses, TENS and FES significantly reduced spasticity up to 4 hours in hip adductors and knee extensors (P < 0.01). SCATS values showed significant reductions at 1 hour (P = 0.01) following TENS and 4 hours following FES (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION A single session of electrical stimulation with FES and TENS appears to have similar anti-spasticity effects that last for 4 hours. The findings of this preliminary study suggest that both TENS and FES have the potential to be used as therapeutic adjuncts to relieve spasticity in the clinic. In addition, FES may have better effects on patients presenting with spastic reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sivaramakrishnan
- Correspondence to: Anjali Sivaramakrishnan, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA. . Phone: 773-575-1007
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Ehlert R, Manfio EF, Heidrich RDO, Goldani R. Cerebral palsy: Influence of TheraTogs ® on gait, posture and in functional performance. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.030.002.ao11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: For children with cerebral palsy, orthoses take an important role in improving posture, gait, functional performance and preventing secondary musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: To evaluate the influence of TheraTogs® on the posture, distribution of plantar pressure during gait and functional performance of a child with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Methods: A quantitative evaluation was carried out on a case study in which an 11-year-old child diagnosed with diplegic cerebral palsy underwent postural assessment through the Postural Assessment Software (PAS), plantar pressure distribution assessment during barefoot gait through the Emed-X system, before and after the intervention period of 8 weeks and functional assessment (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - PEDI), with and without TheraTogs®. Results: In posture, TheraTogs® had greater influence on hip extension and this change was greater during its use. In the plantar pressure distribution assessment, an increase in posteriorization of plantar pressure occurred in the initial contact, the performance of the push-off phase and initial swing phase improved. In functionality, the child showed improvements in mobility, however, their self-care ability with TheraTogs® was reduced. Conclusion: Although improvements in posture, gait and functionality were verified with the use of TheraTogs®, the excessive heat, difficulties in toileting and self-care were disadvantages in wearing TheraTogs®.
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Burns AS, Lanig I, Grabljevec K, New PW, Bensmail D, Ertzgaard P, Nene AV. Optimizing the Management of Disabling Spasticity Following Spinal Cord Damage: The Ability Network-An International Initiative. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 97:2222-2228. [PMID: 27282329 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing the treatment of disabling spasticity in persons with spinal cord damage is hampered by a lack of consensus regarding the use of acceptable definitions of spasticity and disabling spasticity, and the relative absence of decision tools such as clinical guidelines and concise algorithms to support decision-making within the broader clinical community. Many people with spinal cord damage are managed outside specialist centers, and variations in practice result in unequal access to best practice despite equal need. In order to address these issues, the Ability Network-an international panel of clinical experts-was initiated to develop management algorithms to guide and standardize the assessment, treatment, and evaluation of outcomes of persons with spinal cord damage and disabling spasticity. To achieve this, consensus was sought on common definitions through facilitated, in-person meetings. To guide patient selection, an in-depth review of the available tools was performed and expert consensus sought to develop an appropriate instrument. Literature reviews are guiding the selection and development of tools to evaluate treatment outcomes (body functions, activity, participation, quality of life) as perceived by people with spinal cord damage and disabling spasticity, and their caregivers and clinicians. Using this approach, the Ability Network aims to facilitate treatment decisions that take into account the following: the impact of disabling spasticity on health status, patient preferences, treatment goals, tolerance for adverse events, and in cases of totally dependent persons, caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Scott Burns
- Division of Physiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Spinal Cord Rehabilitation Program, University Health Network-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Indira Lanig
- Northern Colorado Rehabilitation Hospital, Johnstown, CO
| | - Klemen Grabljevec
- Brain Injury Rehabilitation Department, University Rehabilitation Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Wayne New
- Spinal Rehabilitation Services, Department of Rehabilitation, Caulfield Hospital, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Epworth-Monash Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Southern Medical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Djamel Bensmail
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, R. Poincaré Hospital, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Versailles Saint Quentin, Garches, France
| | - Per Ertzgaard
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anand Vishwanath Nene
- Roessingh Center for Rehabilitation, Enschede, The Netherlands; Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Tancredo JR, Maria RM, Azevedo ERFBMD, Alonso KC, Varoto R, Cliquet Junior A. Clinical assessment of spasticity in individuals with spinal cord injury. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2014; 21:310-4. [PMID: 24453687 PMCID: PMC3874983 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-78522013000600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods The study included eleven subjects with spinal cord injuries (C4 to T5). The modified Ashworth scale and pendulum test, which is accomplished through the Pendular Test Device - PTD (equipment which has a quartz crystal transducer accelerometer and optic fiber flexible electrogoniometer measuring the tensions and angular displacements). Patients underwent neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to the quadriceps muscle from fibular nerve, and the tests were administered before and after therapy. Results The data show a decrease in spasticity after NMES, with features such as increased variation between maximum and minimum peaks, i.e. increased amplitude of the curves. Furthermore, data from the subjective scale, and modified Ashworth scale after neuromuscular electrical stimulation also showed a reduction in the values of spasticity. Conclusion The data suggest that NMES is effective in reducing spasticity immediately after completion. Level of Evidence II, Therapeutic Studies-Investigating the Results of Treatment.
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Ghai A, Sangwan SS, Hooda S, Garg N, Kundu ZS, Gupta T. Evaluation of interadductor approach in neurolytic blockade of obturator nerve in spastic patients. Saudi J Anaesth 2013; 7:420-6. [PMID: 24348294 PMCID: PMC3858693 DOI: 10.4103/1658-354x.121074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spasticity is a syndrome associated with a persistent increase in involuntary reflex activity of a muscle in response to stretch. Adductor muscle spasticity is a common complication of spinal cord and brain injury. It needs to be treated if it interferes with activities of daily living and self-care. Obturator neurolytic blockade is one of the cost-effective therapeutic possibilities to treat spasticity of adductor group of muscles. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of interadductor approach in alleviating the spasticity. METHODS Obturator neurolysis using 8-10 ml 6% phenol was given with the guidance of a peripheral nerve stimulator in 20 spastic patients. Technical evaluation included number of attempted needle insertions, time to accurate location of the nerve, depth of needle insertion, and success rate. Pain, spasticity, hip abduction range of motion (ROM), number of spasms, gait, and hygiene were evaluated at 1(st) hour, 24(th) hour, end of the 1(st) week, and in the 1(st), 2(nd), and 3(rd) months following the intervention. RESULTS The success rate was 100% with mean time to accurate nerve location 4.9±2.06 min. Average depth of needle insertion was 2.91±0.32 cm. Compared with the scores measured immediately before the block, all studied parameters improved significantly. An increase in the Modified Ashworth Scale values was observed in the 2(nd) and 3(rd) months, but they did not reach their initial values. CONCLUSION The interadductor approach proved to be accurate and fast, with a high success rate. Phenol blockade is an efficient and cost-effective technique in patients with adductor spasticity. It led to a decrease in spasticity and pain with an increase in the ROM of the hip and better hygiene, with an efficacy lasting for about 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Ghai
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh Sangwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sarla Hooda
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Nidhi Garg
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Zile S Kundu
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Tushar Gupta
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Espasticidad después de la lesión medular: revisión de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, técnicas de diagnóstico y tratamientos fisioterapéuticos actuales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ft.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Adams MM, Ginis KAM, Hicks AL. The spinal cord injury spasticity evaluation tool: development and evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007; 88:1185-92. [PMID: 17826466 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and assess the reliability and validity of a new scale designed to measure the impact of spasticity on daily life in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN Scale development and assessment. SETTING General community. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling persons with chronic SCI and spasticity participated in study 1 (n=9), study 2 (n=19), and study 3 (n=61). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Study 1: participant definitions of spasticity and list of scale items. Study 2: scale refinement, face validity, and time to complete. Study 3: internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. RESULTS The Spinal Cord Injury Spasticity Evaluation Tool (SCI-SET) is a 7-day recall self-report questionnaire that takes into account both the problematic and useful effects of spasticity on daily life in people with SCI. The scale exhibited good face validity and required 6.8+/-2.6 minutes to complete. The internal consistency (alpha) and intraclass correlation coefficient of the SCI-SET were .90 and .91, respectively. Construct validity was supported by correlations (r range, -.48 to .68; P<.01) between SCI-SET scores and theoretically meaningful constructs. CONCLUSIONS The SCI-SET fills a need for a reliable and valid self-report measure of the impact of spasticity on daily life in people with SCI, taking into account both the problematic and useful effects of spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Adams
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Symptoms of spasticity are often experienced by individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) following a period of spinal shock and, in many cases, these symptoms negatively affect quality of life. Despite its prevalence, spasticity as a syndrome in the SCI population is not always managed effectively. This is likely due to the fact that the syndrome can have various presentations, each with their own specific etiology. This overview summarizes the symptoms and pathophysiology of the various presentations of spasticity in the SCI population and discusses the currently accepted management techniques. There is a need for a better understanding of the syndrome of spasticity as well as the development of a valid and reliable assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Adams
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Foley JL, Little JW, Starr FL, Frantz C, Vaezy S. Image-guided HIFU neurolysis of peripheral nerves to treat spasticity and pain. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2004; 30:1199-1207. [PMID: 15550323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Revised: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spasticity, a major complication of central nervous system disorders, signified by uncontrollable muscle contractions, is very difficult to treat effectively. We report on the use of ultrasound (US) image-guided high-intensity focused US (HIFU) to target and suppress the function of the sciatic nerve complex of rabbits in vivo, as a possible treatment of spasticity. The image-guided HIFU device included a 3.2-MHz spherically curved transducer and an intraoperative imaging probe. A focal acoustic intensity of 1480 to 1850 W/cm(2), applied using a scanning method, was effective in achieving complete conduction block in 100% of 22 nerve complexes with HIFU treatment times of 36 +/- 14 s (mean +/- SD). Gross examination showed blanching of the nerve at the HIFU treatment site and lesion volumes of 2.8 +/- 1.4 cm(3) encompassing the nerve complex. Histologic examination indicated axonal demyelination and necrosis of Schwann cells as probable mechanisms of nerve block. With accurate localization and targeting of peripheral nerves using US imaging, HIFU could become a promising tool for the suppression of spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Foley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Metallic Taste. Dermatol Surg 2003. [DOI: 10.1097/00042728-200305000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum neurotoxin formulations are safe and effective agents for the treatment of facial rhytides. OBJECTIVES A patient is described who complained of metallic taste after each treatment with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A). RESULTS The sensation of metallic taste diminished after successive treatments with BTX-A, despite adequate dosing for cosmetic purposes. CONCLUSION Metallic taste is associated with the use of numerous medications; however, the pathogenesis remains unclear. Alteration in zinc metabolism, which may occur with BTX-A administration, has been suggested as a possible mechanism. Although this is the first known report of dysgeusia after BTX-A, physicians and patients may be reassured that the taste alteration was self-limited and was not significantly problematic for the patient in our case.
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