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Lapinsky SE, Nelson-Piercy C. The Lungs in Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases. MURRAY AND NADEL'S TEXTBOOK OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2016. [PMCID: PMC7152064 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-3383-5.00096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shen F, Wang L, Yang W, Chen Y. From appearance to essence: 10 years review of atypical amniotic fluid embolism. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 293:329-34. [PMID: 26092134 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is an unpredictable and unpreventable complication of maternity. The presentation may range from relatively subtle clinical events to sudden maternal cardiac arrest. However, the neglected diagnosis of non-classical form of AFE (atypical AFE) is very common. The aim of this study was to examine population-based regional data from Suzhou, China. Based on the analysis of all available case reports, we put forward an outline of atypical AFE and investigate whether any variation identified could be ascribed to methodology. METHODS Retrospective study from January 2004 to December 2013, 53 cases was identified from the database of Center for Disease Control (CDC) in the city of Suzhou. We investigated the presentations of atypical AFE and maternal characteristics with potential factors underlying AFE. Multiple-regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The incidence of AFE was 6.91 per 100,000 deliveries (53/766,895). Seventeen deaths occurred, a mortality rate of 32 %. Atypical AFE may as the earlier stage or mild form of AFE, there was no death case in the study with timely remedy. The atypical AFE appear is obstetric hemorrhage and/or pulmonary and renal dysfunction postpartum. Hyperfibrinolysis and coagulopathy may the early laboratory findings of atypical AFE. Atypical and classical AFE shared the same risks, such as advanced maternal age, placental abnormalities, operative deliveries, eclampsia, cervical lacerations, and induction of labor. CONCLUSION Staying alert to premonitory symptoms of AFE is critical to turn it to a remediable disease. Patient complaints such as breathlessness, chest pain, feeling cold, distress, panic, a feeling of nausea, and vomiting should elicit close attention. The management of a suspected episode of amniotic fluid embolism is generally considered to be supportive. Hysterectomy must be performed if there is further progression of symptoms. Due to advances in acute care, mortality has decreased in recent years, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 118 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 118 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwen Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 118 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 118 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Thongrong C, Kasemsiri P, Hofmann JP, Bergese SD, Papadimos TJ, Gracias VH, Adolph MD, Stawicki SPA. Amniotic fluid embolism. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2013; 3:51-7. [PMID: 23724386 PMCID: PMC3665120 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.109422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is an unpredictable and as-of-yet unpreventable complication of maternity. With its low incidence it is unlikely that any given practitioner will be confronted with a case of AFE. However, this rare occurrence carries a high probability of serious sequelae including cardiac arrest, ARDS, coagulopathy with massive hemorrhage, encephalopathy, seizures, and both maternal and infant mortality. In this review the current state of medical knowledge about AFE is outlined including its incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations. Special attention is paid to the modern aggressive supportive care that resulted in an overall reduction in the still alarmingly high mortality rate of this devastating entity. The key factors for successful management and resolution of this disease process continue to be sharp vigilance, a high level of clinical suspicion, and rapid all-out resuscitative efforts on the part of all clinicians involved in the medical care of the parturient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cattleya Thongrong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Burn, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA ; Department of Anesthesiology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine at the Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Echebarria O, Fariñas A, Arruti A, López-Picado A, Vinuesa Lozano C. Embolismo del líquido amniótico: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Romero R, Kadar N, Vaisbuch E, Hassan SS. Maternal death following cardiopulmonary collapse after delivery: amniotic fluid embolism or septic shock due to intrauterine infection? Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64:113-25. [PMID: 20236259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) syndrome is a catastrophic complication of pregnancy frequently associated with maternal death. The causes and mechanisms of disease responsible for this syndrome remain elusive. METHOD OF STUDY We report two cases of maternal deaths attributed to AFE: (1) one woman presented with spontaneous labor at term, developed intrapartum fever, and after delivery had sudden cardiovascular collapse and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), leading to death; (2) another woman presented with preterm labor and foul-smelling amniotic fluid, underwent a Cesarean section for fetal distress, and also had postpartum cardiovascular collapse and DIC, leading to death. RESULTS Of major importance is that in both cases, the maternal plasma concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at the time of admission to the hospital and when patients had no clinical evidence of infection was in the lethal range (a lethal range is considered to be above 0.1 ng/mL). CONCLUSION We propose that subclinical intraamniotic infection may be a cause of postpartum cardiovascular collapse and DIC and resemble AFE. Thus, some patients with the clinical diagnosis of AFE may have infection/systemic inflammation as a mechanism of disease. These observations have implications for the understanding of the mechanisms of disease of patients who develop cardiovascular collapse and DIC, frequently attributed to AFE. It may be possible to identify a subset of patients who have biochemical and immunological evidence of systemic inflammation at the time of admission, and before a catastrophic event occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R. Amniotic fluid embolism: an evidence-based review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:445.e1-13. [PMID: 19879393 PMCID: PMC3401570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We conducted an evidence-based review of information about [corrected] amniotic fluid embolism (AFE). The estimated incidence of AFE is 1:15,200 and 1:53,800 deliveries in North America and Europe, respectively. The case fatality rate and perinatal mortality associated with AFE are 13-30% and 9-44%, respectively. Risk factors associated with an [corrected] increased risk of AFE include advanced maternal age, placental abnormalities, operative deliveries, eclampsia, polyhydramnios, cervical lacerations, [corrected] and uterine rupture. The hemodynamic response in [corrected] AFE is biphasic, with initial pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure, followed by left ventricular failure. Promising therapies include selective pulmonary vasodilators and recombinant activated factor VIIa. Important topics for future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Conde-Agudelo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Abstract
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), an uncommon disorder with a high fatality rate, is an obstetric emergency that requires swift recognition and intervention to save both the mother's life and that of her child.The high mortality rate and varying theories as to its cause make it difficult to diagnose AFE, which can occur at any point during labor and delivery, including during cesarean birth. These factors make it important for perioperative nurses to understand and recognize AFE when it occurs in the OR. Rapid delivery of the fetus is imperative for the survival of both mother and child. Monitoring and aggressively providing respiratory and circulatory support interventions are required if the mother is to survive AFE.
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Spiliopoulos M, Puri I, Jain NJ, Kruse L, Mastrogiannis D, Dandolu V. Amniotic fluid embolism-risk factors, maternal and neonatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 22:439-44. [DOI: 10.1080/14767050902787216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ovejero S, Casal J, Moreno M, Ribes M, Hermoso J, Puxan J, de Urrutia C, Querol T. Embolismo de líquido amniótico durante el parto. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-573x(07)74517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tramoni G, Boisson C, Gamerre L, Clement HJ, Bon C, Rudigoz RC, Viale JP. [Amniotic fluid embolism: a review]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 25:599-604. [PMID: 16630704 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid embolism occurs rarely but is a leading cause of maternal mortality. It is a difficult and somewhat intangible diagnosis that warrants a high index of suspicion by physicians. AFE is an unpredictable, unpreventable, and, for the most part, an untreatable obstetric emergency. Management of this condition includes prompt recognition of the signs and symptoms, aggressive resuscitation efforts, and supportive therapy. Any delays in diagnosis and treatment can result in increased maternal and/or foetal impairment or death. Whereas once the invariable outcome of AFE was death of the mother, today the prognosis is somewhat brighter thanks to increased awareness of the syndrome and advances in intensive care medicine. No laboratory test is specific to attest the diagnosis and autopsy must to be realised in case of maternal death. Although non-specific, the diagnosis of AFE could be supported by the observation of amniotic fluid in the central venous blood as well as in the bronchoalveolar fluid. This easy and quick test will be helpful in decision-making. Prompt and aggressive supportive treatment is required to lessen an otherwise dismal outcome, which may include death and permanent disability. This article provides an account of the protean clinical features, pathogenesis, and principles involved in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tramoni
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103 Grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France.
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Abstract
INCIDENCE Amniotic fluid embolism is a catastrophic syndrome that occurs during pregnancy or in the immediate postpartum period. Multiple case reports have described the clinical findings and have reported variable success with supportive care. There has been discrepancy with respect to the incidence and mortality of amniotic fluid embolism. One likely explanation for this inconsistency is the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic studies to definitively identify cases of amniotic fluid embolism, leading to both over- and underreporting. Despite the variation in reported incidence and mortality, amniotic fluid embolism remains a life-threatening condition with significant morbidity and mortality for the pregnant woman. It is the fifth most common cause of maternal mortality in the world. DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism continues to be a clinical diagnosis and a diagnosis of exclusion based on the rapid development of a complex constellation of findings with sudden cardiovascular collapse, acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and neurologic impairment. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this condition, a high index of suspicion is warranted. Suspected risk factors have included tumultuous labor, trauma, multiparity, increased gestational age, and increased maternal age. However, many patients who develop amniotic fluid embolism have no obvious risk factors. MANAGEMENT Patients with amniotic fluid embolus are best managed using a multidisciplinary approach. There are no pharmacologic or other therapies that prevent or treat the amniotic fluid embolism syndrome, and supportive care typically involves aggressive treatment of multiple types of shock simultaneously. In this article we discuss the clinical presentation of amniotic fluid embolism syndrome as well as current opinions regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Moore
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wagner M. From caution to certainty: hazards in the formation of evidence-based practice - a case study on evidence for an association between the use of uterine stimulant drugs and amniotic fluid embolism. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2005; 19:173-6. [PMID: 15787892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsden Wagner
- Woman's and Children's Health, World Health Organisation.
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Abbas AE, Lester SJ, Connolly H. Pregnancy and the cardiovascular system. Int J Cardiol 2005; 98:179-89. [PMID: 15686766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2003] [Revised: 08/13/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system undergoes important adaptations during pregnancy to accommodate for fetal requirements. This causes a hemodynamic burden on patients with underlying heart disease, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, certain cardiovascular diseases may be due to pregnancy. Although unusual, these diseases can pose a threat to the pregnant woman and her fetus. This review will discuss cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy as well as the risk of pregnancy in patients with underlying heart disease. It will also provide a brief overview of cardiovascular disorders associated with pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr E Abbas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
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Abstract
Pregnancy is a normal biologic process, but because of a variety of physiologic factors, it increases a woman's risk for death. Maternal deaths in pregnancy may be due to conditions unique to pregnancy, conditions associated with pregnancy, or conditions unrelated to but exacerbated by pregnancy. Death may occur during any trimester, during labor/birth, or postpartum. In this report, we present 45 cases of pregnancy-related maternal deaths that were investigated and autopsied at the Dallas County Medical Examiners office between 1977 and 1999, and we review the topic of pregnancy-related maternal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Prahlow
- South Bend Medical Foundation, Indiana University School of Medicine--South Bend Center for Medical Education at the University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Perozzi
- Katherine J. Perozzi was the undergraduate perinatal nursing coordinator and a lecturer at the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pa, when this article was written. She is now an assistant professor at the School of Nursing and Allied Health at Robert Morris University in Moon Township, Pa. She has 17 years of experience in obstetric nursing
| | - Nadine C. Englert
- Nadine C. Englert is the primary teacher and manager of the nursing skills laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pa. She has 13 years of experience in medical-surgical and critical care nursing
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Abstract
Pregnancy induces significant physiologic stresses on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems that may precipitate respiratory compromise. In addition, certain disease states that are unique to the pregnant woman, such as amniotic fluid emboli syndrome, may be associated with respiratory failure. The physiologic changes that affect the pregnant woman are reviewed. Pregnancy-related conditions are discussed as well as how common diseases, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, pneumonia, and AIDS,have to be approached when balancing the needs of the fetus with maternal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pereira
- Pulmonary Division, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
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Ray BK, Vallejo MC, Creinin MD, Shannon KT, Mandell GL, Kaul B, Ramanathan S. Amniotic fluid embolism with second trimester pregnancy termination: a case report. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51:139-44. [PMID: 14766690 DOI: 10.1007/bf03018773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Describe the diagnosis, clinical features, pathophysiology, treatment and anesthetic management of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) in a patient undergoing second trimester pregnancy termination. CLINICAL FEATURES A 30-yr-old gravida 2, para 1, woman was admitted for a dilatation and evacuation procedure for underlying intra-uterine fetal demise in her second trimester of pregnancy. Hypotension, shock, respiratory arrest, pulseless electrical activity, hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation and blood transfusion complicated her intraoperative care. AFE was considered the most likely cause of this intraoperative event. CONCLUSIONS It is now recognized that the pathophysiological features of AFE are similar to a type-1 hypersensitivity reaction ranging from mild systemic reaction to anaphylaxis and shock. AFE has a high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality rate, requiring prompt recognition and treatment. In patients with cardiovascular instability, the treatment of AFE is similar to anaphylaxis requiring aggressive fluid hydration, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, administration of blood products and the use of vasopressors.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods
- Anesthetics, Intravenous/therapeutic use
- Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Dilatation and Curettage/adverse effects
- Embolism, Amniotic Fluid/blood
- Embolism, Amniotic Fluid/diagnosis
- Embolism, Amniotic Fluid/physiopathology
- Embolism, Amniotic Fluid/therapy
- Female
- Fentanyl/therapeutic use
- Fetal Death/surgery
- Hemodynamics/physiology
- Humans
- Intubation, Intratracheal
- Mepivacaine/therapeutic use
- Midazolam/therapeutic use
- Monitoring, Intraoperative
- Oxygen/therapeutic use
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, Second/blood
- Propofol/therapeutic use
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic use
- Vasopressins/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry K Ray
- Department of Anesthesiology, Magee Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla J. De Jong
- Marla J. DeJong is a full-time doctoral student at the University of Kentucky School of Nursing and a major in the US Air Force
| | - Merlin B. Fausett
- Merlin B. Fausett is the chief of obstetrics/gynecology and a maternal-fetal medicine specialist at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Germany
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Ayoub CM, Zreik TG, Dabbous AS, Baraka AS. Amniotic fluid embolus: can we affect the outcome? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2003; 16:257-61. [PMID: 17021468 DOI: 10.1097/00001503-200306000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare catastrophe unique to pregnancy. Its mortality rate remains high despite efforts at prompt and aggressive management protocols, highlighting the need to maintain a high index of suspicion. RECENT FINDINGS The intrusion of amniotic fluid into the maternal bloodstream may lead in certain women to a complex series of physiological reactions mimicking those seen in human anaphylaxis or sepsis, negating the purely embolic phenomenon theory as previously understood. The clinical picture is the sudden onset of cardiovascular collapse, cyanosis, haemorrhage or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, during or soon after delivery. SUMMARY The mainstay of a successful outcome remains the identification of high-risk patients, as well as early clinical diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakib M Ayoub
- Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Davis D. Amniotic fluid embolism. Exploring this rare but typically fatal condition. AWHONN LIFELINES 2003; 7:126-31. [PMID: 12735221 DOI: 10.1177/1091592303253865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gei AF, Vadhera RB, Hankins GDV. Embolism during pregnancy: thrombus, air, and amniotic fluid. ANESTHESIOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA 2003; 21:165-82. [PMID: 12698839 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8537(02)00052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism is the primary cause of acute respiratory decompensation during pregnancy. Regardless of the nature of the embolism, a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis, and aggressive resuscitation need to be instituted to achieve a successful maternal and fetal outcome. Several clinical characteristics will assist practitioners to distinguish among the different forms of embolism and to institute specific measures of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo F Gei
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA.
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Catanzarite V, Cousins L. RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN PREGNANCY. Radiol Clin North Am 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)00127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kaptanoglu M, Dogan K, Onen A, Cevit R, Berkan O, Aker H. Lung mass due to amniotic fluid embolism--an intrathoracic complication of pregnancy. Scand Cardiovasc J Suppl 1999; 33:117-9. [PMID: 10225314 DOI: 10.1080/14017439950141939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A 29-year-old woman with right chest pain was admitted for radiographic investigation and found to have a round mass in the right lower zone. This was initially suspected to be a hydatid lung cyst but was confirmed as a cystic mass by computed tomography and duly excised. Histologic examination revealed an amniotic fluid embolism. The patient had had a stillbirth three months earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaptanoglu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey.
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