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Canon V, Recher M, Lafrance M, Wawrzyniak P, Vilhelm C, Agostinucci JM, Thiriez S, Mansouri N, Morel-Maréchal E, Lagadec S, Leroy A, Vermersch C, Javaudin F, Hubert H. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in pregnant women: a 55-patient French cohort study. Resuscitation 2022; 179:189-196. [PMID: 35760226 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe a cohort of pregnant women having suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and to compare them with nonpregnant women of childbearing age having suffered OHCA. METHODS Study data were extracted from the French National OHCA Registry between 2011 and 2021. We compared patients in terms of characteristics, care and survival. RESULTS We included 3,645 women of childbearing age (15-44) who had suffered an OHCA; 55 of the women were pregnant. Pregnant women were younger than nonpregnant victims (30 vs. 35 years, p=0.006) and were more likely to have a medical history (76.4% vs. 50.5%, p<0.001) and a medical cause of the OHCA (85.5% vs. 57.2%, p<0.001). Advanced Life Support was more frequently administered to pregnant women (98.2%, vs. 72.0%; p<0.001). In pregnant women, the median time of MICU arrival was 20 minutes for the Medical Intensive Care Unit with no difference with nonpregnant women. Survival rate on admission to hospital was higher among pregnant women (43.6% vs. 27.3%; p=0.009). There was no difference in 30-day survival between pregnant and nonpregnant groups (14.5% vs. 7.3%; p=0.061). Fetal survival was only observed for OHCAs that occurred during the pregnancy second or third trimester (survival rates: 10.0% and 23.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that resuscitation performance does not meet European Resuscitation Council's specific guidelines on OHCA in pregnant women. Although OHCA in pregnancy is rare, the associated prognosis is poor for both woman and fetus. Preventive measures should be reinforced, especially when pregnant women have medical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Canon
- Univ. Lille Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; French National Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry Research Group (Registre Électronique des Arrêts Cardiaques), F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Morgan Recher
- Univ. Lille Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Lafrance
- Univ. Lille Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; French National Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry Research Group (Registre Électronique des Arrêts Cardiaques), F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Perrine Wawrzyniak
- French National Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry Research Group (Registre Électronique des Arrêts Cardiaques), F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christian Vilhelm
- Univ. Lille Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; French National Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry Research Group (Registre Électronique des Arrêts Cardiaques), F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Nadia Mansouri
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, SAMU94, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Emanuel Morel-Maréchal
- SAMU 76, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Elbeuf-Louviers-Val de Reuil, F-76503 Saint-Aubin-Lès-Elbeuf, France
| | - Steven Lagadec
- SAMU 91, CH Sud Francilien, F-91100 Corbeil Essonnes, France
| | | | | | - François Javaudin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nantes University Medical Center and University of Nantes, Microbiotas Hosts Antibiotics and bacterial Resistances (MiHAR), University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hervé Hubert
- Univ. Lille Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; French National Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry Research Group (Registre Électronique des Arrêts Cardiaques), F-59000, Lille, France
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- The members of the study group are listed in the acknowledgment part at the end of the article
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Battaloglu E, Porter K. Management of pregnancy and obstetric complications in prehospital trauma care: prehospital resuscitative hysterotomy/perimortem caesarean section. Emerg Med J 2017; 34:326-330. [PMID: 28270448 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2016-205979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The need for prehospital resuscitative hysterotomy/perimortem caesarean section is rare. The procedures can be daunting and clinically challenging for practitioners. Maternal death can be averted by swift and decisive action. This guideline serves to inform prehospital practitioners about conducting maternal resuscitation following cardiac arrest, provides an evidence-based framework to support decision making and highlights areas for improvement in prehospital care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Battaloglu
- Academic Department of Clinical Traumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Keith Porter
- Academic Department of Clinical Traumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Burkart TA, Miles WM, Conti JB. Principles of Arrhythmia Management During Pregnancy. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2015.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Despite current trends that indicate increasing incidence, acute myocardial infarction remains an uncommon event in pregnant women, yet an important contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and treatments represent a complex challenge during pregnancy, and timeliness and coordination of both are critical. This article reviews the comprehensive, collaborative approach necessary for management of acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy to optimize outcomes for the woman, neonate, and family.
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van Liempt SWJD, Stoecklein K, Tjiong MY, Schwarte LA, de Groot CJM, Teunissen PW. Essentials in cardiac arrest during cesarean section. Clin Pract 2015; 5:668. [PMID: 25918626 PMCID: PMC4387338 DOI: 10.4081/cp.2015.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest during cesarean section is very rare. Obstetrical teams have low exposure to these critical situations necessitating frequent rehearsal and knowledge of its differential diagnosis and treatment. A 40-year-old woman pregnant with triplets underwent cesarean sections because of vaginal bleeding due to a placenta previa at 35.2 weeks of gestation. Spinal anesthesia was performed. Asystole occurred during uterotomy. Immediate resuscitation and delivery of the neonates eventually resulted in good maternal and neonatal outcomes. The differential diagnosis is essential and should include obstetric and non-obstetric causes. We describe the consideration of Bezold Jarisch reflex and amniotic fluid embolism as most appropriate in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W J D van Liempt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katrin Stoecklein
- Department of Anesthesia, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ming Y Tjiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lothar A Schwarte
- Department of Anesthesia, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne J M de Groot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim W Teunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Lavecchia M, Abenhaim HA. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of pregnant women in the emergency department. Resuscitation 2015; 91:104-7. [PMID: 25625776 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Little is known about outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of pregnancy in women receiving CPR in the emergency department (ED). METHODS We conducted a population-based, matched cohort study using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) from 2006 to 2010. A cohort of pregnant women receiving CPR in the ED was compared to an age-matched cohort of non-pregnant women at a 1:10 ratio. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for variables of interest and survival. RESULTS Among 8162 women requiring CPR in the ED, we identified 157 pregnant women. Pregnancy was associated with better overall survival of 36.9% compared to 25.9% in non-pregnant women, OR 1.89 (1.32-2.70), p < 0.01. Traumatic injury was identified as a significant predictor of outcome in pregnancy. In non-trauma patients, pregnant women had significantly better odds of surviving CPR than non-pregnant women, OR 2.10 (1.41-3.13), p < 0.01. In cases of trauma, no significant difference was observed between groups. CONCLUSION Although further studies are needed, CPR in pregnancy is associated with a better prognosis compared to non-pregnant women, with trauma status being a key factor predicting outcome in the pregnant patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lavecchia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Haim A Abenhaim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Kim S, You JS, Lee HS, Lee JH, Park YS, Chung SP, Park I. Quality of chest compressions performed by inexperienced rescuers in simulated cardiac arrest associated with pregnancy. Resuscitation 2013; 84:98-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiac arrest is a rare occurrence in pregnancy and may be related to obstetric or medical causes. Pregnancy is associated with profound physiologic changes that prepare the gravida for the challenges of labor and delivery, and resuscitation of the pregnant patient needs to take these changes into consideration. Cardiac output and plasma volume increase in pregnancy and distribute differently with the uterine circulation receiving approximately 17% of the total cardiac output. On the other hand, cardiac output is sensitive to positional changes in the second half of pregnancy but may improve with a lateral tilt of the gravida. Both oxygen reserve and upper airway size decrease in pregnancy, leading to difficulties surrounding airway management. Changes in the volume of distribution, renal and hepatic clearance may impact drug effects and need to be recognized. This review will discuss an overview of pregnancy physiology that is relevant to cardiac resuscitation, detail the challenges in the various resuscitative steps including a synopsis on perimortem delivery, and describe obstetric and nonobstetric causes of mortality and cardiac arrest in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Ramsay
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Paglia
- Geisinger Health System, Gyn Obstetrics Maternal Fetal Medicine Danville, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Ghada Bourjeily
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Ferguson JD, De Guzman J. Cardiac arrest in special populations. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2011; 30:169-78. [PMID: 22107982 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In certain cardiac arrest situations, modifications to current cardiac resuscitation algorithms may improve patient outcome. These situations are often rare, but when they occur they house the potential for severe time and resource use, and in some cases specialized skill sets. The decision to apply these modifications to standard care for the cardiac arrest patient may be obvious in some cases or may be applied due to suspicion from the presenting medical history, history of present illness, or physical examination. However, with rare exception, general care of any cardiac arrest patient should include continuous high-quality chest compressions and appropriate airway and ventillatory management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Ferguson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT This article reviews the appropriate evaluation and management of cardiac arrhythmias in the pregnant patient. Any treatment strategy in this patient population has the inherent potential to adversely affect the health of the unborn child. As such, there is no room for empiric therapy in these patients. Adequate arrhythmia documentation is paramount, preferably by noninvasive means. The decision to treat should be based on symptom severity and the risk to both mother and fetus posed by potentially recurring arrhythmia episodes throughout the pregnancy. Minimal symptoms in the setting of a structurally normal heart call for a conservative approach. Less is better. If pharmacologic therapy is justified, drugs with historically demonstrated safety profiles in pregnancy should be tried first. The safety profiles of virtually all drugs used to treat cardiac arrhythmias during human pregnancy are based solely on an accumulation of past clinical experience. Newer antiarrhythmics therefore carry a largely unknown risk. Most inherent rhythm disorders manifest long before a woman reaches childbearing age. Women with previously diagnosed arrhythmias frequently experience a recurrence or worsening of their arrhythmia during the pregnancy. Counseling of these individuals and perhaps preemptive treatment by means such as arrhythmia ablation prior to a planned pregnancy would seem optimal.
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Dijkman A, Huisman CMA, Smit M, Schutte JM, Zwart JJ, van Roosmalen JJ, Oepkes D. Cardiac arrest in pregnancy: increasing use of perimortem caesarean section due to emergency skills training? BJOG 2010; 117:282-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zdolsek HJ, Holmgren S, Wedenberg K, Lennmarken C. Circulatory arrest in late pregnancy: caesarean section a vital decision for both mother and child. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53:828-9. [PMID: 19397501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Circulatory arrest during pregnancy is extremely rare and there should be a well-planned strategy for its management in all hospitals. To consider the priority of the mother's life over the child's and an unwarranted pre-term delivery may lead to hesitancy and uncertainty and jeopardize both of them. In these situations, speed is a priority. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should commence immediately. The anaesthesiologist should be well aware of the possible advantage of a caesarean section. Even if the obstetrician is responsible for the decision to perform the operation, the anaesthesiologist should strongly support the action. An 'emergency caesarean kit' with the essential surgical instruments should be immediately available in every labour ward and emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Zdolsek
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
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McDonnell NJ. Cardiopulmonary arrest in pregnancy: two case reports of successful outcomes in association with perimortem Caesarean delivery. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:406-9. [PMID: 19561013 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest in pregnancy is a rare event in which the speed of the response and attention to a number of pregnancy-specific interventions is crucial to the outcome. The commencement of a perimortem Caesarean delivery within 4 min of the onset of the arrest has been recommended as a technique to potentially improve survival in both the mother and the fetus but presents significant logistical challenges to the health-care facility. In this report, we describe two cases of cardiac arrest in pregnancy in which a perimortem Caesarean was performed as part of the resuscitation process and was associated with excellent maternal and neonatal outcomes. We discuss some of the issues surrounding the performance of a perimortem Caesarean delivery that were relevant to this case, including experience from the training that is provided in our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J McDonnell
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia.
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Panday M, Moodley J. Management of the unconscious pregnant patient. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 23:327-38. [PMID: 19246249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The management of the unconscious pregnant patient encompasses many aspects of obstetrics and critical care. It is not uncommon to have to manage such a patient, therefore one needs to be well prepared. There is a spectrum of altered consciousness, brain death being the most extreme. The causes of unconsciousness can be general or pregnancy specific. It is important to consider the physiological changes in pregnancy when managing these patients. The immediate resuscitative measures are mostly the same as for the nonpregnant with a few modifications. It is important to remember that there are two patients involved and this can complicate management issues. A multidisciplinary approach would be prudent. The intermediate and long-term management should also involve the family. The issues of perimortem and somatic support for foetal maturity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Panday
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Abstract
Although pregnancy and delivery in the United States are usually safe for mother and her newborn child, serious maternal complications, including cardiac arrest, can occur in the prenatal, intrapartum and postpartum periods. The clinical obstetrician can expect to encounter this complication in his or her career. The obstetrician must be aware of the special circumstances of resuscitation of the gravid woman to assist emergency medicine and critical care physicians in reviving the patient. Understanding the decision process leading to the performance of a perimortem cesarean and the actual performance of the cesarean delivery clearly are the responsibility of the obstetrician.
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The pregnant trauma patient in the intensive care unit: collaborative care to ensure safety and prevent injury. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2008; 22:33-8. [PMID: 18287900 DOI: 10.1097/01.jpn.0000311873.53699.7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pregnant woman who has experienced trauma will need to be transferred to an appropriate setting once she is stabilized. Nursing has evolved into many specialty areas with specific sets of skills developed to care for women in these areas. The trauma team and the intensive care unit team will most likely be uncomfortable with the pregnant woman. The perinatal team may be uncomfortable with the injuries or illness that brought the woman to the trauma unit. Together the combined knowledge of all teams can provide for safe care of the woman and fetus and prevent injury occurring to them. Collaborative care is part of the overall plan of care, which follows a formal plan already established by the leadership teams of the 2 units. The purpose of this article is to review collaborative care in the intensive care unit and to provide an overview of the nursing skill sets necessary to care for the pregnant trauma woman.
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Abstract
The obstetric patient poses exceptional challenges in the intensive care unit. Knowledge of the physiologic changes of pregnancy and specific pregnancy-related disorders is necessary for optimal management. Intensive care unit diagnoses may include preeclampsia, including the HELLP syndrome, pulmonary embolic disease, amniotic fluid embolism, status asthmaticus, respiratory infection, the acute respiratory distress syndrome, and sepsis. The management of mechanical ventilation is based on principles of avoiding lung injury, and hypercapnia may be tolerated even during the pregnancy. When the clinician is faced with the extraordinary instance of cardiopulmonary arrest, perimortem cesarean delivery must be considered to improve the potential for maternal and fetal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Shapiro
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, St. Luke's Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, USA.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The number of women experiencing myocardial infarction (MI) in pregnancy is relatively negligible. However, the incidence of MI in pregnancy may be on the rise, and maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality is significant. While diagnosis may be difficult, perinatal nurses must be knowledgeable about the risk factors and various means of treatment for the woman and family experiencing this acute complication of pregnancy. PRECIS MI in pregnancy is rare, but can produce significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Challenges in diagnosis and treatment of MI in pregnancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne McMurtry Baird
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 213 Godchaux Hall, 461 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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Cordero DR, Medina C, Helfgott A. Cocaine Body Packing in Pregnancy. Ann Emerg Med 2006; 48:323-5. [PMID: 16934653 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ingesting multiple packets of drugs ("body packing") is a well-described method of smuggling. Although older reports suggested that body packers were mostly young men, the demographics of this group may be changing because children, older patients, and pregnant women may be involved. Pregnant patients represent a challenge in management, particularly in the event of package rupture. Modification of standard management protocols, which were developed for nonpregnant body packers, may be necessary to address the anatomic and physiologic changes of pregnancy. We report the case of a pregnant cocaine body packer who required a perimortem cesarean section after the rupture of a cocaine packet. The care of the pregnant body packer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight R Cordero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Abstract
Thrombelastography (TEG) is a bedside method used to determine coagulation parameters such as clot formation, stabilization and lysis. This report describes a case of cardiopulmonary arrest due to fulminant pulmonary embolism in a 42-year-old postpartum patient. We discuss the dynamics of coagulation parameters during CPR and thrombolysis complicated by bleeding, as assessed by TEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Strasser
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Landshut, Robert-Koch-Str. 1, 84034 Landshut.
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Tramoni G, Boisson C, Gamerre L, Clement HJ, Bon C, Rudigoz RC, Viale JP. [Amniotic fluid embolism: a review]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 25:599-604. [PMID: 16630704 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid embolism occurs rarely but is a leading cause of maternal mortality. It is a difficult and somewhat intangible diagnosis that warrants a high index of suspicion by physicians. AFE is an unpredictable, unpreventable, and, for the most part, an untreatable obstetric emergency. Management of this condition includes prompt recognition of the signs and symptoms, aggressive resuscitation efforts, and supportive therapy. Any delays in diagnosis and treatment can result in increased maternal and/or foetal impairment or death. Whereas once the invariable outcome of AFE was death of the mother, today the prognosis is somewhat brighter thanks to increased awareness of the syndrome and advances in intensive care medicine. No laboratory test is specific to attest the diagnosis and autopsy must to be realised in case of maternal death. Although non-specific, the diagnosis of AFE could be supported by the observation of amniotic fluid in the central venous blood as well as in the bronchoalveolar fluid. This easy and quick test will be helpful in decision-making. Prompt and aggressive supportive treatment is required to lessen an otherwise dismal outcome, which may include death and permanent disability. This article provides an account of the protean clinical features, pathogenesis, and principles involved in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tramoni
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103 Grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France.
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Witcher PM. Promoting Fetal Stabilization During Maternal Hemodynamic Instability or Respiratory Insufficiency. Crit Care Nurs Q 2006; 29:70-6. [PMID: 16456364 DOI: 10.1097/00002727-200601000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fetal oxygenation is primarily determined by maternal oxygenation and uterine blood flow. Several physiologic adaptations during pregnancy support uteroplacental perfusion and, thus, fetal oxygenation. However, the physiologic changes required to sustain the metabolic demands of pregnancy may also predispose the parturient to decompensation when critical illness is superimposed upon pregnancy. In general, the critically ill gravid woman is treated similarly to the nonpregnant adult, with the exception of accomodating the physiologic changes of pregnancy and evaluating fetal well-being. An overview of the physiology of fetal oxygenation, impact of critical care interventions upon the fetus, and evaluation of the fetus is provided.
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Banks A, Levy D. Life-threatening complications of pregnancy: Key issues for anaesthetists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cacc.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the important causes of cardiopulmonary arrest during pregnancy and the recommended modifications to resuscitation protocols when applied to pregnant patients, including the indications for perimortem cesarean section and the expected fetal outcomes, and to review the literature regarding extended somatic support after brain death during pregnancy. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE review of publications relating to cardiac arrest and resuscitation in pregnancy, physiologic changes after brain death, and attempted somatic support of brain-dead pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac arrest during pregnancy is rare, but it is important to recognize the causes, which may be either unrelated to pregnancy or unique to the pregnant woman. For the most part, the resuscitation protocol is the same as for nonpregnant victims of cardiac arrest, with a few important modifications, including especially the need for relieving aortocaval compression by the gravid uterus, the need for rapid intubation, and the importance of rapid perimortem cesarean delivery when indicated. In those rare cases of brain death occurring in a pregnant patient, continued somatic support of the mother may be possible, even for prolonged periods, to extend the pregnancy and further fetal maturation. The expected physiologic changes after brain death, challenges to successful somatic support, and specific recommendations regarding organ support of the brain-dead pregnant woman are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Mallampalli
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
This case involves cardiac arrest of a 29-week old pregnant African American woman, occurring 2 days after surgical correction of an incarcerated ventral hernia with small bowel obstruction. The patient could not be resuscitated from this arrest. Details of the case are presented, and diagnostic and unique management considerations for this uncommon occurrence are set forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610-0254, USA.
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29
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[Fatal amniotic fluid embolism. Extraction by Caesarean section of a living child without neurological after-effects]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 23:912-6. [PMID: 15471639 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2004.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2003] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The authors report on the case of an amniotic fluid embolism, proven by post mortem, which was the result of an inaugural and irreversible cardiac arrest in a 37-year-old woman at 39 weeks of normal pregnancy. The Caesarean section was carried out as an extreme emergency in the labour room, while efforts were being made to resuscitate the mother, so as to deliver a living newborn without any neurological after-effects. The haemostatic consequences were showed up only on blood tests.
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30
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Mallampalli A, Powner DJ, Gardner MO. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and somatic support of the pregnant patient. Crit Care Clin 2004; 20:747-61, x. [PMID: 15388200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary arrest during pregnancy is a rare event that critical care clinicians must be prepared to manage. The causes of cardiopulmonary arrest during pregnancy, recommended modifications to cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocols that are specific to pregnancy, indications for and timing of perimortem cesarean delivery, and the expected fetal outcomes are reviewed. Rarely, brain death of a pregnant patient may occur in which continued support of the mother is possible to prolong the pregnancy and improve fetal outcome. Prolonged somatic support of pregnant patients who are brain dead presents specific management challenges, but has been accomplished. The physiologic changes that occur after brain death and recommendations for somatic support of the brain dead pregnant patient also are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Mallampalli
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Ben Taub General Hospital, 1504 Taub Loop, 6th Floor, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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