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Yin SJ, Lee HY, Wang W, Lee J, Park YD. Characterization and activity-folding relationship of serine protease from Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35612882 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2080115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Euphausia superba (Antarctic krill) serine protease (ESP) was investigated to gain insights into the activity-structural relationship, folding behavior, and regulation of the catalytic function. We purified ESP from the krill muscle and characterized biochemical distinctions via enzyme kinetics. Studies of inhibition kinetics and unfolding in the presence of a serine residue modifier, such as phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, were conducted. Structural characterizations were measured by spectrofluorimetry, including 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate dye labeling for hydrophobic residues. The computational simulations such as docking and molecular dynamics were finally conducted to detect key residues and folding behaviors in a nano-second range. The kinetic parameters of ESP were measured as KmBANH = 0.97 ± 0.15 mM and kcat/KmBANH = 4.59 s-1/mM. The time-interval kinetics measurements indicated that ESP inactivation was transformed from a monophase to a biphase process to form a thermodynamically stable state. Spectrofluorimetry measurements showed that serine is directly connected to the regional folding of ESP. Several osmolytes such as proline and glycine only partially protected the inactive form of ESP by serine modification. Computational molecular dynamics and docking simulations showed that three serine residues (Ser183, Ser188, and Ser207) and Cys184, Val206, and Gly209 are key residues of catalytic functions. Our study revealed the functional roles of serine residues as key residues of catalytic function at the active site and of the structural conformation as key folding factors, where ESP displays a flexible property of active site pocket compared to the overall structure.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ho-Yeon Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB school of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB school of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Skin Diseases Research Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, P.R. China
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Qian GY, Lim G, Yin SJ, Yang JM, Lee J, Park YD. Biochemical Study of Fibrinolytic Protease from Euphausia superba Possessing Multifunctional Serine Protease Activity. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:651-664. [PMID: 33183186 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201112123714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinolytic protease from Euphausia superba (EFP) was isolated. OBJECTIVE Biochemical distinctions, regulation of the catalytic function, and the key residues of EFP were investigated. METHODS The serial inhibition kinetic evaluations coupled with measurements of fluorescence spectra in the presence of 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzene sulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF) was conducted. The computational molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also applied for a comparative study. RESULTS The enzyme behaved as a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of about 28.6 kD with Km BApNA = 0.629 ± 0.02 mM and kcat/Km BApNA = 7.08 s-1/mM. The real-time interval measurements revealed that the inactivation was a first-order reaction, with the kinetic processes shifting from a monophase to a biphase. Measurements of fluorescence spectra showed that serine residue modification by AEBSF directly caused conspicuous changes of the tertiary structures and exposed hydrophobic surfaces. Some osmolytes were applied to find protective roles. These results confirmed that the active region of EFP is more flexible than the overall enzyme molecule and serine, as the key residue, is associated with the regional unfolding of EFP in addition to its catalytic role. The MD simulations were supportive to the kinetics data. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that EFP has an essential serine residue for its catalyst function and associated folding behaviors. Also, the functional role of osmolytes such as proline and glycine that may play a role in defense mechanisms from environmental adaptation in a krill's body was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Gyutae Lim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Gwahak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Gwahak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Zhou T, Wang X, Yan J, Li Y. Gene analysis and structure prediction for the cold-adaption mechanism of trypsin from the krill Euphausia superba (Dana, 1852). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3049-3056. [PMID: 29194642 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba (Dana, 1852), to thrive in a cold environment comes from its capacity to synthesize cold-adapted enzymes. Its trypsin, as a main substance in the metabolic reactions, plays a key role in the adaption to low temperatures. However, the progress of research on its cold-adaption mechanism is being influenced due to the limited information on its gene and spatial structure. RESULTS We studied the gene of E. superba trypsin with transcriptome sequencing first, and then discussed its cold-adaption mechanism with the full gene and predicted structure basing on bioinformatics. The results showed the proportion of certain residues played important roles in the cold-adaptation behavior for trypsin. Furthermore, a higher proportion of random coils and reduced steric hindrance might also be key factors promoting its cold adaption. CONCLUSION This research aimed to reveal the cold-adaption mechanism of E. superba trypsin and provide support for basic research on molecular modification by site-directed mutagenesis of complementary DNA used to produce new and improved recombinant variants with cold adaption. Furthermore, it may broaden its commercial application on minimizing undesirable changes elevated at higher temperature in food processing and in treatment of trauma and inflammation in medicine. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xichang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999# Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Effect of 1- and 6-Hour-Delayed Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking on Corneal Healing in a Rabbit Alkali-Burn Model: Clinical and Histological Observations. Cornea 2017; 35:1644-1649. [PMID: 27741014 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effect of 1- and 6-hour-delayed corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) on wound-healing of experimental alkali burns of the cornea. METHODS Twenty-four albino rabbits were used. Alkali burns were created using 1 M NaOH. The animals were divided randomly into 2 groups: group 1 (control group, n = 6) and group 2 (experimental group, n = 18). The experimental group was further divided into 3 subgroups as follows: group 2A, untreated (non-CXL) subgroup; group 2B, 1-hour-delayed CXL treatment subgroup; and group 2C, 6-hour-delayed CXL treatment subgroup. All rabbits were examined periodically for 21 days after treatment and then killed. The corneas were excised and histologically examined. RESULTS Corneal ulceration, edema, and opacity scores were 4.0 ± 1.64, 1.6 ± 0.65, and 3.5 ± 1.21 in group 2A, 1.5 ± 1.76, 1.3 ± 0.87, and 3.1 ± 1.12 in group 2B, and 2.0 ± 1.90, 1.5 ± 0.79, and 3.3 ± 1.09 in group 2C, respectively. These scores were significantly less in groups 2B and 2C than in group 2A (P = 0.023, P = 0.043, and P = 0.034, respectively). Corneal epithelialization, evident upon staining, was best in group 2B and worst in group 2A (P = 0.012). Histopathology revealed that destruction of corneal collagen fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells into corneal tissue were reduced in groups 2B and 2C compared with group 2A. CONCLUSIONS We found that CXL treatment exerted positive effects on severe alkali-induced corneal burns. However, the effects were more pronounced in the 1-hour treatment group. We believe that CXL treatment may be a possible treatment for corneal alkali burn.
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A comparison of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and re-epithelialization. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:471-83. [PMID: 22863788 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing and cancer metastasis share a common starting point, namely, a change in the phenotype of some cells from stationary to motile. The term, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) describes the changes in molecular biology and cellular physiology that allow a cell to transition from a sedentary cell to a motile cell, a process that is relevant not only for cancer and regeneration, but also for normal development of multicellular organisms. The present review compares the similarities and differences in cellular response at the molecular level as tumor cells enter EMT or as keratinocytes begin the process of re-epithelialization of a wound. Looking toward clinical interventions that might modulate these processes, the mechanisms and outcomes of current and potential therapies are reviewed for both anti-cancer and pro-wound healing treatments related to the pathways that are central to EMT. Taken together, the comparison of re-epithelialization and tumor EMT serves as a starting point for the development of therapies that can selectively modulate different forms of EMT.
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Lee SG, Koh HY, Lee HK, Yim JH. Possible Roles of Antarctic Krill Proteases for Skin Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.4217/opr.2008.30.4.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Expression of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 in Fibroblasts of Rabbit Alkali-Burned Corneas. Cornea 2008; 27:1156-63. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e318180e53e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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López-García JS, Rivas Jara L, García-Lozano I, Murube J. Histopathologic Limbus Evolution After Alkaline Burns. Cornea 2007; 26:1043-8. [PMID: 17893531 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e31812375fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the histopathologic evolution of the corneal limbus after alkaline burns according to the clinical severity and therapy used. METHODS A prospective study of 15 eyes from 12 patients (9 men and 3 women) with moderate and severe alkaline burns was performed. All patients were divided into 2 groups in accordance with the clinical ocular severity and the therapy that was used: medical therapy, amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT), autologous limbal transplantation (ALT), and ALT combined with AMT (ALT + AMT). Biopsies were obtained from affected limbal areas immediately after the ocular burn and 9 months later. RESULTS Limbal regeneration was limited to small areas in patients with moderate burns treated with medical therapy; in contrast, the limbal structure showed significant stromal and epithelial regeneration in patients with moderate burns treated with AMT. There was an important stromal regeneration with an incomplete reepithelialization in patients with severe burns treated with AMT. Patients treated with ALT showed a good reepithelialization with a defective stromal regeneration. Epithelial and stromal regeneration was notable in patients with severe burns treated with ALT + AMT. CONCLUSIONS In patients with moderate alkaline burns, AMT improved both limbal stromal and epithelial regeneration more effectively than medical therapy. In patients with severe burns, the best reepithelialization and stromal regeneration were obtained with ALT + AMT.
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Hirst LW, Summers PM, Griffiths D, Bancroft J, Lillicrap GR. Controlled trial of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for alkali corneal burn in the rabbit. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 32:67-70. [PMID: 14746596 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2004.00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of alkali-induced corneal burns in an animal model. METHODS Twenty-four rabbits were randomized into a control group (n = 12) and hyperbaric oxygen treatment group (n = 12). After induction of anaesthesia, the alkali burn model was established by application of 1 N sodium hydroxide to one eye of each rabbit. The hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was treated each day for 21 days with hyperbaric oxygen at 2.4 Atmospheres Absolute (ATA) for 1 h. The eyes of the animals were examined daily for 2 weeks and then weekly until the end of the trial. The principal endpoint was that of perforation of the cornea at which time the animals were killed with a lethal dose of either intravenous or intraperitoneal barbiturate and the eyes immediately enucleated and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. All animals in which complete healing took placed were also killed, the eyes removed, fixed and examined histologically. Photographs were taken of the rabbit's eyes at weekly intervals and the area of vascularization and epithelial defects in the hyperbaric and control groups were compared. RESULTS Equal numbers (seven) of the control and hyperbaric oxygen treated groups had perforated corneas and there was no statistical difference in the mean time to perforation (control 30.1 days; treated 30 days). There was also no statistical difference between the two groups with respect to epithelial defect size. CONCLUSION Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen for 1 h daily for 21 days had no beneficial effect on alkali-induced corneal burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Hirst
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Miki D, Dastgheib K, Kim T, Pfister-Serres A, Smeds KA, Inoue M, Hatchell DL, Grinstaff MW. A photopolymerized sealant for corneal lacerations. Cornea 2002; 21:393-9. [PMID: 11973389 DOI: 10.1097/00003226-200205000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a novel photocrosslinkable polymer synthesized from hyaluronic acid would seal experimental full-thickness corneal lacerations in a rabbit model. METHODS A solution of hyaluronic acid was modified with methacrylate groups (HA-MA), precipitated, dried, reconstituted in an aqueous solution, and sterilized before use. The viscous polymer solution was applied to 38 of 43 experimental corneal lacerations in rabbits and subsequently irradiated with a low-intensity argon laser beam to produce a clear flexible polysaccharide hydrogel patch. The ability of this sealant to repair corneal lacerations was evaluated in four types of full-thickness, 3-mm corneal wounds (linear, linear + epithelium removed, stellate, and stellate + epithelium removed). Slit-lamp examinations, measurements of intraocular pressure, Seidel tests, and histologic studies were performed at selected intervals to evaluate the wound and determine the rate of healing. RESULTS Corneal perforations were completely sealed and the anterior chambers had reformed by 6 hours in HA-MA-treated eyes. There was no evidence of leakage at this or later times in 37 of the 38 eyes. Intraocular pressure had risen to near-normal levels by day 7 in all four groups, and the sealant was still present in most eyes at day 7. In contrast, the anterior chambers did not re-form in control eyes (five) with untreated perforations because of aqueous leakage through the wounds. Minimal inflammation was observed clinically or in histologic sections of treated corneas. There was extensive proliferation of stromal cells and formation of new extracellular matrix at the wound edges, which became tightly adherent between days 4 and 7. CONCLUSION Our novel photocrosslinkable methacrylated hyaluronan polymer sealed 97% (37/38) of the experimental corneal lacerations. HA-MA may prove useful for sealing corneal lacerations in patients and for other sutureless ophthalmic surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Miki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Medical Center and Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Bruining MJ, Blaauwgeers HG, Kuijer R, Jongsma FH, de Brabander J, Nuijts RM, Koole LH. Tailoring of new polymeric biomaterials for the repair of medium-sized corneal perforations. Biomacromolecules 2002; 1:418-23. [PMID: 11710132 DOI: 10.1021/bm000009t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymeric biomaterials can be designed such that they become suitable for surgical closure of medium-sized perforations in the cornea, the transparent tissue in the front of the eye. Such a biomaterial must meet stringent requirements in terms of hydrophilicity, strength, transparency, flexibility, and biocompatibility. Four different copolymers of n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) and hexa(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (HEGMA) were prepared and characterized. Poly(BMA) was made as a reference material. Physicochemical properties were measured (contact angles, glass-transition temperatures, thermal degradation, water uptake and swelling), and cytotoxicity in vitro was assessed with a MTT test. Moreover, the interaction between the materials and cultured human corneal epithelial cells was studied. The copolymers may be useful for temporary closure of corneal perforations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bruining
- Center for Biomaterials Research, University of Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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