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Osawa Y, An Y, Nishita Y, Matsui Y, Takemura M, Simonsick EM, Shimokata H, Otsuka R, Arai H, Ferrucci L. Longitudinal association between muscle and bone loss: Results of US and Japanese cohort studies. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:746-755. [PMID: 38332659 PMCID: PMC10995282 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle and bone are physiologically interconnected, but joint changes of muscle and bone with aging, and whether the muscle-bone changes are different by sex and by country has been little studied. We examined longitudinal associations of bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass or muscle strength in community-dwelling 65 years or older in the United States and Japan. METHODS The present analytic sample included 1129 women and men from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) (mean age, 74.5 ± 7.5 years; women, 49.8%) and 1998 women and men from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA) (mean age, 70.0 ± 4.5 years; women, 51.4%). Median follow-up was 4.6 (min-max, 0-15.4) years in the BLSA and 4.0 (min-max, 0-13.4) years in the NILS-LSA. We selected visits at which participants had BMD (whole body, pelvic, femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle BMDs) and muscle mass [appendicular lean mass, (ALM)] measured by DXA scan. In each bone site, we ran cohort-specific bivariate linear mixed-effects models adjusted for baseline age, sex, body height, body weight, fat mass, education year, and smoking status. Race was an additional adjustment in the BLSA. Additionally, we performed sex-specific analyses. RESULTS In the BLSA, the rate of change in ALM positively correlated with the rate of change in the whole body (rho = 0.30, P < 0.0001) and pelvic BMD (rho = 0.24, P < 0.0001), but not in trochanter, femoral neck, or Ward's triangle BMD (P > 0.05). In the NILS-LSA, ALM positively correlated with the rate of change in all bone sites (rho ranged from 0.20 to 0.71, P < 0.01). In women, ALM positively correlated with the rate of change in all bone sites in both cohorts (in the NILS-LSA, rho ranged from 0.35 to 0.91, P < 0.01; in the BLSA, rho ranged from 0.26 to 0.56, P < 0.05) except for femoral neck BMD in the BLSA. In men, ALM positively correlated with pelvic, trochanter, and Ward's triangle BMD in the NILS-LSA (rho ranged from 0.45 to 0.68, P < 0.0001), and whole body and trochanter BMD in the BLSA (both, rho = 0.20, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Muscle loss co-occurred with bone loss in both cohorts, but the association in the NILS-LSA tended to be stronger than in the BLSA, and the association was higher in women than in men, implying that the association may differ by sex and country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Osawa
- Graduate School of Health ManagementKeio UniversityKanagawaJapan
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Sports Medicine Research CenterKeio UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of AgingNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyAichiJapan
| | - Yasumoto Matsui
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Marie Takemura
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Eleanor M. Simonsick
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Section of NILS‐LSANational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
- Graduate School of Nutritional SciencesNagoya University of Arts and SciencesNisshinJapan
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of AgingNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyAichiJapan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
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O'Leary TJ, Izard RM, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Greeves JP. Hormonal contraceptive use is associated with altered bone structural and metabolic responses to military training in women: An observational cohort study. Bone 2024; 181:117012. [PMID: 38216077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Military training increases tibial density and size. Female sex hormones may influence the adaption of bone to loading, but it is unknown if women using different hormonal contraceptives adapt similarly to military training. One hundred and sixteen women (57 women not using hormonal contraceptives [non-users], 38 combined oral contraceptive pill [COCP] users, 21 depot medroxyprogesterone acetate [DMPA] users) completed this study. Tibial volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and geometry were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (4 %, 14 %, 38 %, and 66 % sites) at the start (week 1) and end (week 14) of British Army basic training. Circulating markers of bone and calcium metabolism were measured at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14. Training increased trabecular vBMD at the 4 % site, periosteal perimeter at the 14 % and 66 % sites, and total area, cortical area, cortical thickness, and bone strength at all sites (0.1 to 1.6 %, p ≤ 0.009), with no differences between hormonal contraceptive groups (p ≥ 0.127). Trabecular vBMD increased at the 14 % site in non-users (0.8 %, p = 0.005), but not in COCP or DMPA users (p ≥ 0.205). Periosteal perimeter increased at the 38 % site in COCP (0.4 %, p < 0.001) and DMPA (0.5 %, p < 0.001) users, but not in non-users (p = 0.058). Training had no effect on periosteal perimeter at the 4 % site or cortical vBMD or endosteal perimeter at any site (p ≥ 0.168). βCTX decreased and PINP increased during training with no difference between hormonal contraceptive groups. Training increased iPTH in non-users, but not COCP or DMPA users. Hormonal contraceptives may exert site-specific effects on the mechanobiology of bone, with higher endogenous oestradiol promoting trabecularisation and inhibiting periosteal expansion in non-users compared with hormonal contraceptive users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O'Leary
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan C Y Tang
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK; Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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3
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Jethwa JT. Musculoskeletal and Psychological Rehabilitation. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:260-266. [PMID: 38107802 PMCID: PMC10721771 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Although it has long been believed that stress has a detrimental effect on health and the risk of disease, little research has been done on the precise mechanisms by which this happens. The literature produced by past workers suggests many possibly intersecting mechanistic pathways that might be useful for future fundamental and clinical study. Exercise has been thoroughly researched as a non-pharmacologic strategy to increase bone mass. Many evidence-based treatment recommendations for patients suffering from osteoporosis-related fractures, potential courses of care, and rehabilitation concur that multidisciplinary therapy would be the most beneficial. Materials and Methods Older and recent articles about musculoskeletal and psychological rehabilitation in the management of osteoporosis published in prominent and reputed journals are reviewed. Important and interesting information from some of the cross-references is also included. Opinions and impressions from the experience of treating osteoporosis are added while describing various aspects of psychological and physical rehabilitation. Results The recent evidence, reviewed here, also indicates the possibility of cross-effects between osteoporosis and psychological issues. A multi-factorial and personalised strategy should be explored for improved outcomes in patients under psychological stress, particularly those at increased risk of osteoporosis development. Reviewing current publications, the objectives of rehabilitation are evolving based on the disease's stage. For example, during the initial stage of a vertebral body collapse, the patient is treated with bracing, physical therapy, education, local and systemic analgesics, and a brief period of bed rest. The need to mobilise the patient carefully and safely along with a mix of medical care, dietary supplements, rehabilitation, and instructions to facilitate daily living activities, are endorsed to manage post-fracture osteoporosis. Conclusion This chapter is not to make treatment advice, but rather to outline potential connections between psychological stress and low bone density and to emphasise potential multi-system consequences of pharmaceutical therapies. The goal is to enhance activities of daily living, which will increase safety, minimise falls, and maintain bone mass. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures can be prevented and managed with regular medical check-ups, daily exercise and yoga, a healthy diet, fall prevention measures, recreational group activities, supportive medications, control of comorbidities, use of assistive devices, and customised rehabilitation programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar Tulsidas Jethwa
- Orthopaedics Department, Narendra Modi Medical College, Nr. Rambaug, Opp. Fire Station, Maninagar, Ahmedabad, 380 008 India
- 135, Nandanbaug Society, Chapter 30 B, 135, Behind Applewoods Township, Shela, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058 India
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Lin Z, Shi G, Liao X, Huang J, Yu M, Liu W, Luo X, Zhan H, Cai X. Correlation between sedentary activity, physical activity and bone mineral density and fat in America: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2018. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10054. [PMID: 37344579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the relationship between sedentary activity (SA) and physical activity (PA) with bone mineral density (BMD) and body fat percentage in the United States and found a negative association between SA and BMD and a positive association with body fat percentage. A positive association between PA and BMD and a negative association with body fat percentage. SA and PA are associated with changes in skeletal parameters and body fat percentage, and we aimed to investigate and compare the relationship between SA, PA and bone mineral density (BMD) and body fat percentage in men and women. We assessed the relationship between SA, PA and BMD and body fat percentage in 9787 Americans aged 20-59 years (mean age 38.28 ± 11.39 years) from NHANES 2011-2018. BMD and body fat percentage were measured by dual-energy X-ray bone densitometry (DXA). We used multiple linear regression models to examine the relationships between SA, PA and lumbar spine BMD and total body fat percentage, adjusted for a large number of confounding factors. After adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, alcohol and smoking behavior, body mass index (BMI), total protein, blood calcium, blood uric acid, cholesterol, blood phosphorus, vitamin D, and blood urea nitrogen, SA was negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD (β = - 0.0011 95% CI - 0.0020 to - 0.0002, P = 0.022), and SA was positively associated with total fat percentage (β = PA was positively associated with lumbar BMD (β = 0.0046 95% CI 0.0010 to 0.0082, P = 0.012) and there was a negative association between PA and body fat percentage (β = - 1.177 95% CI - 1.326 to -1.027, P < 0.001). Our results show that physical activity is a key component of maintaining bone health in both men and women and is strongly associated with lower body fat percentages. Sedentary activity is negatively correlated with bone density and is strongly associated with an increase in body fat percentage. Healthcare policy makers should consider reducing sedentary activity and increasing physical activity when preventing osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xun Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingrou Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingyu Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongrui Zhan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiyu Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China.
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Mondini Trissino da Lodi C, Salerno M, Merli G, Brama P, Jenner F, Filardo G. Tendinopathy: sex bias starts from the preclinical development of tendon treatments. A systematic review. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:44. [PMID: 35908065 PMCID: PMC9338527 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathies are common overuse disorders that arise both in athletes and the general population. Available tendon treatments are used both for women and men without distinction. However, the existence of a sex-based difference in tendon biology is widely demonstrated. Since basic research represents the foundation for treatment development, an equal female–male representation should be pursued in preclinical studies. This systematic review quantified the current evidence by analyzing 150 studies on 8231 animals. Preclinical studies largely neglected the importance of sex, none analyzed sex-based differences, and only 4% of the studies reported disaggregated data suitable for the analysis of treatment results in males and females. There is an alarming female under-representation, in particular in the field of injective therapies. Despite the growing awareness on the importance of investigating treatments in both males and females, the investigated field proved resistant from properly designing studies including both sexes, and the lack of sex-representation remains critical. Tendinopathy has sex-specific features, with sex hormones affecting tendon metabolism, structure, biomechanical properties, and injury risk. The preclinical research on tendinopathy treatments still neglects sex-based differences, leading to translation of male data to females which may affect clinical effectiveness in women. None of the reviewed studies looked at differences between sexes, and only 4% of the studies reported disaggregated data. Besides, female animals are under-represented. The lack of sex-representation in tendinopathy research remains critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Salerno
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Merli
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pieter Brama
- Section Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Florien Jenner
- Equine Surgery Unit, University Equine Hospital, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland.,Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136, Bologna, Italy.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
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6
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O'Leary TJ, Izard RM, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Greeves JP. Sex differences in tibial adaptations to arduous training: An observational cohort study. Bone 2022; 160:116426. [PMID: 35470123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Military training increases tibial density and size, but it is unknown if men and women adapt similarly to the same arduous training. Seventy-seven men and 57 women not using hormonal contraceptives completed this study. Tibial volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and geometry were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (4%, 14%, 38%, and 66% sites) at the start (week 1) and end (week 14) of British Army basic training. Training increased trabecular vBMD (4% site in men; 4% and 14% sites in women), cortical vBMD (38% site), total area (14% and 38% sites), trabecular area (14% site), cortical area and thickness (14%, 38%, and 66% sites), periosteal perimeter (14%, 38%, and 66% sites), and all indices of estimated strength (14%, 38%, and 66% sites); and, decreased endosteal perimeter (66% site) in men and women (all p ≤ 0.045). The increase in trabecular vBMD (4% and 14% sites) was greater in women and the increases in cortical area and strength (38% site) were greater in men (sex × time interactions, all p ≤ 0.047). P1NP increased and βCTX and sclerostin decreased during training in men and women, consistent with adaptive bone formation. PTH decreased in men but increased in women. Arduous weight-bearing activity increased the density and size of the tibia after 14 weeks. Women experienced similar tibial adaptations as men, however, a greater increase in trabecular vBMD in women compared with men could be due to higher loading at this skeletal site in women, whereas the small increase in cortical area could be due to inhibitory effects of oestradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O'Leary
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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O'Bryan SM, Connor KR, Drummer DJ, Lavin KM, Bamman MM. Considerations for Sex-Cognizant Research in Exercise Biology and Medicine. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:903992. [PMID: 35721874 PMCID: PMC9204149 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.903992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the fields of kinesiology, exercise science, and human movement developed, the majority of the research focused on male physiology and extrapolated findings to females. In the medical sphere, basing practice on data developed in only males resulted in the removal of drugs from the market in the late 1990s due to severe side effects (some life-threatening) in females that were not observed in males. In response to substantial evidence demonstrating exercise-induced health benefits, exercise is often promoted as a key modality in disease prevention, management, and rehabilitation. However, much like the early days of drug development, a historical literature knowledge base of predominantly male studies may leave the exercise field vulnerable to overlooking potentially key biological differences in males and females that may be important to consider in prescribing exercise (e.g., how exercise responses may differ between sexes and whether there are optimal approaches to consider for females that differ from conventional approaches that are based on male physiology). Thus, this review will discuss anatomical, physiological, and skeletal muscle molecular differences that may contribute to sex differences in exercise responses, as well as clinical considerations based on this knowledge in athletic and general populations over the continuum of age. Finally, this review summarizes the current gaps in knowledge, highlights the areas ripe for future research, and considerations for sex-cognizant research in exercise fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia M. O'Bryan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kathleen R. Connor
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Devin J. Drummer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kaleen M. Lavin
- The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Marcas M. Bamman
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8
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Rooney AM, Ayobami OO, Kelly NH, Schimenti JC, Ross FP, van der Meulen MCH. Bone mass and adaptation to mechanical loading are sexually dimorphic in adult osteoblast-specific ERα knockout mice. Bone 2022; 158:116349. [PMID: 35123146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) regulates bone mass and is implicated in bone tissue's response to mechanical loading. The effects of ERα deletion in mice depend on sex, anatomical location, and the cellular stage at which ERα is removed. Few studies have investigated the effect of age on the role of ERα in skeletal maintenance and functional adaptation. We previously demonstrated that bone mass and adaptation to loading were altered in growing 10-week-old female and male mice lacking ERα in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes (pOC-ERαKO). Here our goal was to determine the effects of ERα and mechanical loading in skeletally-mature adult mice. We subjected 26-week-old skeletally-mature adult pOC-ERαKO and littermate control (LC) mice of both sexes to two weeks of in vivo cyclic tibial loading. ERα deletion in male mice did not alter bone mass or the response to loading. Adult female pOC-ERαKO mice had reduced cancellous and cortical bone mass and increased adaptation to high-magnitude mechanical loading compared to LC mice. Thus, ERα deletion from mature osteoblasts reduced the bone mass and increased the mechanoadaptation of adult female but not male mice. Additionally, compared to our previous work in young mice, adult female mice had greatly reduced mechanoadaptation and adult male mice retained most of their mechanoadaptation with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Rooney
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Olufunmilayo O Ayobami
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Natalie H Kelly
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - John C Schimenti
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY, USA.
| | - F Patrick Ross
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Marjolein C H van der Meulen
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Wang N, Zhang X, Rothrauff BB, Fritch MR, Chang A, He Y, Yeung M, Liu S, Lipa KE, Lei G, Alexander PG, Lin H. Novel role of estrogen receptor-α on regulating chondrocyte phenotype and response to mechanical loading. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:302-314. [PMID: 34767957 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In knee cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis (OA), both preserved cartilage and damaged cartilage are observed. In this study, we aim to compare preserved with damaged cartilage to identify the molecule(s) that may be responsible for the mechanical loading-induced differences within cartilage degradation. METHODS Preserved and damaged cartilage were harvested from the same OA knee joint. RNA Sequencing was performed to examine the transcriptomic differences between preserved and damaged cartilage cells. Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) was identified, and its function of was tested through gene knockin and knockout. The role of ERα in mediating chondrocyte response to mechanical loading was examined via compression of chondrocyte-laded hydrogel in a strain-controlled manner. Findings from the studies on human samples were verified in animal models. RESULTS Level of estrogen receptor α (ERα) was significantly reduced in damaged cartilage compared to preserved cartilage, which were observed in both human and mice samples. Knockdown of ESR1, the gene encoding ERα, resulted in an upregulation of senescence- and OA-relevant markers in chondrocytes. Conversely, knockin of ESR1 partially reversed the osteoarthritic and senescent phenotype of OA chondrocytes. Using a three-dimensional (3D) culture model, we demonstrated that mechanical overload significantly suppressed ERα level in chondrocytes with concomitant upregulation of osteoarthritic phenotype. When ESR1 expression was suppressed, mechanical loading enhanced hypertrophic and osteogenic transition. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a new estrogen-independent role of ERα in mediating chondrocyte phenotype and its response to mechanical loading, and suggests that enhancing ERα level may represent a new method to treat osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - B B Rothrauff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - M R Fritch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - A Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - Y He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - M Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 15219, USA.
| | - S Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - K E Lipa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 15219, USA.
| | - G Lei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - P G Alexander
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - H Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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10
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Pan Y, Xu J. Association between muscle mass, bone mineral density and osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:351-358. [PMID: 34342165 PMCID: PMC8847116 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased incidence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, the relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains to be unclear. Appendicular skeletal muscle was adjusted by height (appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASM]/height2 ) as a marker of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the relationship between ASM/height2 , osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 192 women and 225 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited. General information, laboratory and BMD data were collected. Spearman's correlation, multiple regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to explore the correlation between ASM/height2 , BMD and bone metabolism markers. RESULTS Spearman's correlation analysis showed that ASM/height2 had a positive correlation with serum calcium and BMD (r = 0.209-0.404, P < 0.01). In multivariate regression analysis, we found significant correlations between ASM/height2 and total lumbar spine, hip and femur neck BMD. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, ASM/height2 was the best marker of osteoporosis, with a cut-off value of 7.87 kg/m2 for men and 5.94 kg/m2 for women. When these cut-off values were used to identify sarcopenia, the risk of osteoporosis increased 6.036-fold in men and 4.079-fold in women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, ASM/height2 was positively correlated with BMD, and negatively correlated with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Pan
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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11
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Mansoorifar A, Gordon R, Bergan R, Bertassoni LE. Bone-on-a-chip: microfluidic technologies and microphysiologic models of bone tissue. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2006796. [PMID: 35422682 PMCID: PMC9007546 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202006796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an active organ that continuously undergoes an orchestrated process of remodeling throughout life. Bone tissue is uniquely capable of adapting to loading, hormonal, and other changes happening in the body, as well as repairing bone that becomes damaged to maintain tissue integrity. On the other hand, diseases such as osteoporosis and metastatic cancers disrupt normal bone homeostasis leading to compromised function. Historically, our ability to investigate processes related to either physiologic or diseased bone tissue has been limited by traditional models that fail to emulate the complexity of native bone. Organ-on-a-chip models are based on technological advances in tissue engineering and microfluidics, enabling the reproduction of key features specific to tissue microenvironments within a microfabricated device. Compared to conventional in-vitro and in-vivo bone models, microfluidic models, and especially organs-on-a-chip platforms, provide more biomimetic tissue culture conditions, with increased predictive power for clinical assays. In this review, we will report microfluidic and organ-on-a-chip technologies designed for understanding the biology of bone as well as bone-related diseases and treatments. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current models and point toward future directions for microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip technologies in bone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mansoorifar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ryan Gordon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E. Bertassoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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12
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Smith C, Tacey A, Mesinovic J, Scott D, Lin X, Brennan-Speranza TC, Lewis JR, Duque G, Levinger I. The effects of acute exercise on bone turnover markers in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review. Bone 2021; 143:115766. [PMID: 33227507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone turnover is the cellular machinery responsible for bone integrity and strength and, in the clinical setting, it is assessed using bone turnover markers (BTMs). Acute exercise can induce mechanical stress on bone which is needed for bone remodelling, but to date, there are conflicting results in regards to the effects of varying mechanical stimuli on BTMs. OBJECTIVES This systematic review examines the effects of acute aerobic, resistance and impact exercises on BTMs in middle and older-aged adults and examines whether the responses are determined by the exercise mode, intensity, age and sex. METHODS We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and EMBASE up to 22nd April 2020. Eligibility criteria included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm studies that included middle-aged (50 to 65 years) and older adults (>65 years) and, a single-bout, acute-exercise (aerobic, resistance, impact) intervention with measurement of BTMs. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020145359. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included; 8 in middle-aged (n = 275, 212 women/63 men, mean age = 57.9 ± 1.5 years) and 5 in older adults (n = 93, 50 women/43 men, mean age = 68.2 ± 2.2 years). Eleven studies included aerobic exercise (AE, 7 middle-aged/4 older adults), and two included resistance exercise (RE, both middle-aged). AE significantly increased C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone-ALP in middle-aged and older adults. AE also significantly increased total osteocalcin (tOC) in middle-aged men and Procollagen I Carboxyterminal Propeptide and Cross-Linked Carboxyterminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen in older women. RE alone decreased ALP in older adults. In middle-aged adults, RE with impact had no effect on tOC or BALP, but significantly decreased CTX. Impact (jumping) exercise alone increased Procollagen Type 1 N Propeptide and tOC in middle-aged women. CONCLUSION Acute exercise is an effective tool to modify BTMs, however, the response appears to be exercise modality-, intensity-, age- and sex-specific. There is further need for higher quality and larger RCTs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Jakub Mesinovic
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Diabetes & Metabolic Disease Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Wang G, Li Y, Lei C, Lei X, Zhu X, Yang L, Zhang R. Quercetin exerts antidepressant and cardioprotective effects in estrogen receptor α-deficient female mice via BDNF-AKT/ERK1/2 signaling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 206:105795. [PMID: 33246157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the potential link between depression and cardiovascular disease and estrogen receptor α (ERα), an estrogen-mediated major regulator, plays an important role in protecting against depression and cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between BDNF and ERα remains obscure. Herein, quercetin (QUE), a kind of plant flavonoids and existed in many vegetables and fruits, was found to simultaneously reverse ERα-/--induced depression-like and cardiac dysfunction by reducing immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), and decreasing systolic blood pressure and activating the apoptosis-related proteins, BDNF, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular regulatory protein kinase (ERK1/2) in the hippocampal and cardiac tissues of female mice. These findings suggested that ERα might be involved in the regulation of BDNF activity, thereby regulating depression-like and cardiovascular responses in female mice, and QUE exerted significant antidepressant and cardioprotective effects, at least in part, through BDNF-TrkB-AKT/ERK1/2 to effectively inhibit ERα-/--induced hippocampal and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cong Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaotong Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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14
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Nepal AK, van Essen HW, van der Veen AJ, van Wieringen WN, Stavenuiter AWD, Cayami FK, Pals G, Micha D, Vanderschueren D, Lips P, Bravenboer N. Mechanical stress regulates bone regulatory gene expression independent of estrogen and vitamin D deficiency in rats. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:42-52. [PMID: 32530517 PMCID: PMC7818391 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stress determines bone mass and structure. It is not known whether mechanical loading affects expression of bone regulatory genes in a combined deficiency of estrogen and vitamin D. We studied the effect of mechanical loading on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of bone regulatory genes during vitamin D and/or estrogen deficiency. We performed a single bout in vivo axial loading with 14 N peak load, 2 Hz frequency and 360 cycles in right ulnae of nineteen weeks old female control Wistar rats with or without ovariectomy (OVX), vitamin D deficiency and the combination of OVX and vitamin D deficiency (N = 10/group). Total bone RNA was isolated 6 hours after loading, and mRNA expression was detected of Mepe, Fgf23, Dmp1, Phex, Sost, Col1a1, Cyp27b1, Vdr, and Esr1. Serum levels of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2 D and estradiol were also measured at this time point. The effect of loading, vitamin D and estrogen deficiency and their interaction on bone gene expression was tested using a mixed effect model analysis. Mechanical loading significantly increased the mRNA expression of Mepe, and Sost, whereas it decreased the mRNA expression of Fgf23 and Esr1. Mechanical loading showed a significant interaction with vitamin D deficiency with regard to mRNA expression of Vdr and Esr1. Mechanical loading affected gene expression of Mepe, Fgf23, Sost, and Esr1 independently of vitamin D or estrogen, indicating that mechanical loading may affect bone turnover even during vitamin D deficiency and after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar Nepal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Huib W. van Essen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Albert J. van der Veen
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wessel N. van Wieringen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of MathematicsVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andrea W. D. Stavenuiter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ferdy Kurniawan Cayami
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineDiponegoro UniversitySemarangIndonesia
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and AgeingKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Paul Lips
- Endocrine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Endocrine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Bone QualityLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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15
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Deng L, Guo Y. Estrogen effects on orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontically-induced root resorption. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104840. [PMID: 32730908 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is an essential regulator of the bone tissue. The remodeling of the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament is the basis of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). There is a negative coregulation between physiological estrogen levels and the rate of OTM. As a possible inhibitory factor of OTM, estrogen suppresses bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclastic differentiation and restraining osteoclast lifespan though multiple pathways and cytokines, leading to the suppression of the initiation step of bone remodeling. On the other hand, estrogen stimulates osteoblastic differentiation and function. Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) involves in the osteogenic responses to mechanical stimulation, and the ERα expression is regulated positively by the levels of circulatory estrogen. Orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) is a common side-effect of orthodontic treatment. Estrogen may have some inhibitory effects on OIRR, but more studies are needed to get an effective conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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16
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Li X, Peng B, Zhu X, Wang P, Sun K, Lei X, He H, Tian Y, Mo S, Zhang R, Yang L. MiR-210-3p inhibits osteogenic differentiation and promotes adipogenic differentiation correlated with Wnt signaling in ERα-deficient rBMSCs. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23475-23484. [PMID: 31190372 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate activities in living organisms through various signaling pathways and play important roles in the development and progression of osteoporosis. The balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs is closely related to the occurrence of osteoporosis. ERα regulates bone metabolism in various tissues. However, the correlation among ERα, miRNAs, and the differentiation of rBMSCs is still unclear. In this study, we used lentivirus transfection into rBMSCs to construct an ERα-deficient model, analyzed the differences in expressed miRNAs between control and ERα-deficient rBMSCs. The results revealed that the expression of 25 miRNAs were upregulated, 164 miRNAs were downregulated, and some of the regulated miRNAs such as miR-210-3p and miR-214-3p were related to osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation, as well as to particular signaling pathways. Next, we overexpressed miR-210-3p to evaluate its effects on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, and identified the relationship among miR-210-3p, Wnt signaling pathway, and the differentiation of rBMSCs. The results indicated that ERα-deficient inhibited osteogenic differentiation, promoted adipogenic differentiation, and regulated the expression of some miRNAs. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR-210-3p promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, processes likely to be related to the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, we identified a group of upregulated and downregulated miRNAs in ERα-deficient rBMSCs that might play a vital role in regulating osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation. One of these, miR-210-3p, inhibited osteogenic differentiation and promoted adipogenic differentiation correlated with the Wnt signaling pathway in ERα-deficient rBMSCs, providing new insight into the regulation of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bojia Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kehuan Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Mo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Amorim T, Durães C, Machado JC, Metsios GS, Wyon M, Maia J, Flouris AD, Marques F, Nogueira L, Adubeiro N, Koutedakis Y. Genetic variation in Wnt/β-catenin and ER signalling pathways in female and male elite dancers and its associations with low bone mineral density: a cross-section and longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2261-2274. [PMID: 29978256 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association of genetic polymorphisms with low bone mineral density in elite athletes have not been considered previously. The present study found that bone mass phenotypes in elite and pre-elite dancers are related to genetic variants at the Wnt/β-catenin and ER pathways. INTRODUCTION Some athletes (e.g. gymnasts, dancers, swimmers) are at increased risk for low bone mineral density (BMD) which, if untreated, can lead to osteoporosis. To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms in the oestrogen receptor (ER) and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways with low BMD in elite and pre-elite dancers (impact sport athletes). METHODS The study included three phases: (1) 151 elite and pre-elite dancers were screened for the presence of low BMD and traditional osteoporosis risk factors (low body weight, menstrual disturbances, low energy availability); (2) a genetic association study was conducted in 151 elite and pre-elite dancers and age- and sex- controls; (3) serum sclerostin was measured in 101 pre-elite dancers and age- and sex-matched controls within a 3-year period. RESULTS Eighty dancers revealed low BMD: 56.3% had at least one traditional osteoporosis risk factor, whereas 28.6% did not display any risk factor (37.2% revealed traditional osteoporosis risk factors, but had normal BMD). Body weight, menstrual disturbances and energy availability did not fully predict bone mass acquisition. Instead, genetic polymorphisms in the ER and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were found to be risk factors for low BMD in elite dancers. Sclerostin was significantly increased in dancers compared to controls during the 3-year follow-up (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elite and pre-elite dancers demonstrate high prevalence of low BMD, which is likely related to genetic variants at the Wnt/β-catenin and ER pathways and not to factors usually associated with BMD in athletes (body weight, menstrual disturbances, energy deficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Amorim
- The Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Gorway Rd, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK.
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - C Durães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J C Machado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - G S Metsios
- The Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Gorway Rd, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
- FAME Laboratory, School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - M Wyon
- The Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Gorway Rd, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
| | - J Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - F Marques
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Nogueira
- School of Health Technology of Porto, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - N Adubeiro
- School of Health Technology of Porto, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Y Koutedakis
- The Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Gorway Rd, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
- FAME Laboratory, School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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18
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Fabre AC, Granatosky MC, Hanna JB, Schmitt D. Do forelimb shape and peak forces co-vary in strepsirrhines? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:602-614. [PMID: 30159895 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we explore whether ground reaction forces recorded during horizontal walking co-vary with the shape of the long bones of the forelimb in strepsirrhines. To do so, we quantify (1) the shape of the shaft and articular surfaces of each long bone of the forelimb, (2) the peak vertical, mediolateral, and horizontal ground reaction forces applied by the forelimb during arboreal locomotion, and (3) the relationship between the shape of the forelimb and peak forces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Geometric morphometric approaches were used to quantify the shape of the bones. Kinetic data were collected during horizontal arboreal walking in eight species of strepsirrhines that show variation in habitual substrate use and morphology of the forelimb. These data were then used to explore the links between locomotor behavior, morphology, and mechanics using co-variation analyses in a phylogenetic framework. RESULTS Our results show significant differences between slow quadrupedal climbers (lorises), vertical clinger and leapers (sifaka), and active arboreal quadrupeds (ring-tailed lemur, ruffed lemur) in both ground reaction forces and the shape of the long bones of the forelimb, with the propulsive and medially directed peak forces having the highest impact on the shape of the humerus. Co-variation between long bone shape and ground reaction forces was detected in both the humerus and ulna even when accounting for differences in body mass. DISCUSSION These results demonstrate the importance of considering limb-loading beyond just peak vertical force, or substrate reaction force. A re-evaluation of osseous morphology and functional interpretations is necessary in light of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Fabre
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- UMR 7179 C.N.R.S., M.N.H.N. Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Michael C Granatosky
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jandy B Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Science, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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19
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Ding Z, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhou X, Xu Y, Ma Z, Sun Y. Impact of Age, Gender, and Body Composition on Bone Quality in an Adult Population From the Middle Areas of China. J Clin Densitom 2018; 21:83-90. [PMID: 28039045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Identifying modifiable factors that influence bone status during adulthood to maximize bone quality is a potential primary strategy in the prevention of osteoporosis in later life. We investigated the impact of body height, body weight, body mass index, and body composition on calcaneal bone characteristics as measured with quantitative ultrasound in 441 Chinese adults (238 women) aged 20-55 yr from the middle areas of China. Body composition, including fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass, and fat mass were obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Bivariate correlation analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between age and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), and stiffness index (SI) both in men (r = -0.177, p < 0.05; r = -0.499, p < 0.001; r = -0.530, p < 0.001, respectively) and women (r = -0.344, p < 0.001; r = -0.336, p < 0.001; r = -0.369, p < 0.001, respectively). Body height, body weight, FFM, and muscle mass had positive correlations with BUA, SOS, and SI in both genders, with FFM having the strongest correlation with BUA, SOS, and SI in men (r = 0.351, p < 0.001; r = 0.391, p < 0.001; r = 0.406, p < 0.001, respectively) and women (r = 0.331, p < 0.001; r = 0.288, p < 0.001; r = 0.324, p < 0.001, respectively). Fat mass had a positive correlation with BUA (r = 0.331, p < 0.001), SOS (r = 0.288, p < 0.001), and SI (r = 0.324, p < 0.001) in women, which was not found in men. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that, in both genders, FFM was a positive predictor for all 3 quantitative ultrasound variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Ding
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yubing Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zuchang Ma
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yining Sun
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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20
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Rooney AM, van der Meulen MCH. Mouse models to evaluate the role of estrogen receptor α in skeletal maintenance and adaptation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1410:85-92. [PMID: 29148577 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen signaling and mechanical loading have individual and combined effects on skeletal maintenance and adaptation. Previous work investigating estrogen signaling both in vitro and in vivo using global estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene knockout mouse models has provided information regarding the role of ERα in regulating bone mass and adaptation to mechanical stimulation. However, these models have inherent limitations that confound interpretation of the data. Therefore, recent studies have focused on mice with targeted deletion of ERα from specific bone cells and their precursors. Cell stage, tissue type, and mouse sex all influence the effects of ERα gene deletion. Lack of ERα in osteoblast progenitor and precursor cells generally affects the periosteum of female and male mice. The absence of ERα in differentiated osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts in mice generally resulted in reduced cancellous bone mass, with differing reports of the effect by animal sex and greater deficiencies in bone mass typically occurring in cancellous bone in female mice. Limited data exist for the role of bone cell-specific ERα in skeletal adaptation in vivo. Cell-specific ERα gene knockout mice provide an excellent platform for investigating the function of ERα in regulating skeletal phenotype and response to mechanical loading by sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Rooney
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Marjolein C H van der Meulen
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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21
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Correa CB, Camargos GV, Chatterjee M, Mesquita MF, Del Bel Cury AA, Naert I, Duyck J, Vandamme K. Can the alendronate dosage be altered when combined with high-frequency loading in osteoporosis treatment? Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1287-1293. [PMID: 27921147 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alendronate therapy has been associated with serious side effects. Altering the alendronate concentration and combining with high-frequency loading as mechanical intervention was explored in this animal study as a treatment for osteoporosis. The bone anabolic potency of high-frequency loading was overruled by the different alendronate dosages applied in the present study. Further exploration of reduced hormonal therapy associated with mechanical interventions in osteoporosis treatment should be sought. INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of alendronate (ALN) administration at two different dosages, associated or not with high-frequency (HF) loading, on the bone microstructural response. METHODS Sixty-four female Wistar rats were used, of which 48 were ovariectomized (OVX) and 16 were sham-operated (shOVX). The OVX animals were divided into three groups: two groups were treated with alendronate, at a dosage of 2 mg/kg (ALN(2)) or at a reduced dosage of 1 mg/kg (ALN(1)) three times per week. A third OVX group did not receive pharmaceutical treatment. All four groups were mechanically stimulated via whole body vibration (WBV) at HF (up to 150 Hz) or left untreated (shWBV). ALN and HF were administered for 6 weeks, starting at 10-week post-(sh)OVX. Tibia bone structural parameters were analyzed using ex vivo microcomputed tomography. RESULTS Trabecular bone loss and structural deterioration resulting from ovariectomy were partially restored by ALN administration, demonstrated by the improvement of trabecular patter factor (Tb.Pf), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and structure model index (SMI) of the ALN groups compared to that of the OVX group, regardless of the applied dosage [ALN(2) or ALN(1)] or mechanical loading regime (shWBV or WBV). However, a significant positive effect of the ALN(1) administration on trabecular (decrease of Tb.Sp and SMI) and cortical bone (increase of cortical thickness) microarchitecture compared to that of the OVX status group was observed for both loading regimes was not seen for ALN(2). Furthermore, HF loading resulted in cortical bone changes, with an increased trabeculary area and endocortical perimeter. Finally, the benefits of a combined therapy of ALN with HF loading could not be discerned in the present experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS The bone anabolic potency of HF loading was overruled by the ALN dosages applied in the present study. Further altering the ALN dosage combined with robust mechanical stimuli needs to be considered in osteoporosis research and eventually therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Correa
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT & Prosthetic Dentistry, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G V Camargos
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT & Prosthetic Dentistry, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M Chatterjee
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT & Prosthetic Dentistry, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M F Mesquita
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A A Del Bel Cury
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Naert
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT & Prosthetic Dentistry, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Duyck
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT & Prosthetic Dentistry, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Vandamme
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT & Prosthetic Dentistry, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Dingemanse W, Müller-Gerbl M, Jonkers I, Sloten JV, van Bree H, Gielen I. A prospective follow up of age related changes in the subchondral bone density of the talus of healthy Labrador Retrievers. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:57. [PMID: 28219379 PMCID: PMC5319136 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During growth, the skeletal structures adapt to the increased loading conditions and mature to a fully-grown skeleton. Subchondral bone density reflects the effect of long-term joint loading and it is expected to change over time. The aim of this study was to describe the long-term changes in the density distribution of the subchondral bone of the talus of healthy Labrador Retrievers in a prospective study. Results The subchondral bone density distribution was evaluated using computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM). Visually, all joints showed very similar density distribution patterns. No significant differences in the topography of the density maxima were found between t1 and t2. The mean density, maximum density, and maximum area ratio (MAR) were significantly increased with increasing age. Conclusions The subchondral bone density of the talus of healthy Labrador Retrievers increases with increasing age. It is likely an adaptive response of the subchondral bone due to increased joint loading during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dingemanse
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - M Müller-Gerbl
- Institute of Anatomy, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Jonkers
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Vander Sloten
- Biomechanics Section, Faculty of Engineering Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H van Bree
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Gielen
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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23
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Yoon HE, Nam Y, Kang E, Hwang HS, Shin SJ, Hong YS, Kang KY. Gender-Specific Associations between Low Skeletal Muscle Mass and Albuminuria in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Population. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1054-1064. [PMID: 29104458 PMCID: PMC5666535 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study assessed gender-specific associations between low muscle mass (LMM) and albuminuria. Methods Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 were employed. The study consisted of 1,087 subjects (≥50 years old). Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was defined as the weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Mild LMM and severe LMM were defined as SMI that were 1-2 and >2 standard deviations below the sex-specific mean appendicular skeletal muscle mass of young adults, respectively. Increased albuminuria was defined as albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30mg/g Results Men with mild and severe LMM were significantly more likely to have increased albuminuria (15.2% and 45.45%, respectively) than men with normal SMI (9.86%, P<0.0001), but not women. Severe LMM associated independently with increased albuminuria in men (OR=7.661, 95% CI=2.72-21.579) but not women. Severe LMM was an independent predictor of increased albuminuria in hypertensive males (OR=11.449, 95% CI=3.037-43.156), non-diabetic males (OR=8.782, 95% CI=3.046-25.322), and males without metabolic syndrome (MetS) (OR=8.183, 95% CI=1.539-43.156). This was not observed in males without hypertension, males with diabetes or MetS, and all female subgroups. Conclusion Severe LMM associated with increased albuminuria in men, especially those with hypertension and without diabetes or MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital
| | - Yunju Nam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital
| | - Eunjin Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital
| | - Hyeon Seok Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital
| | - Seok Joon Shin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital
| | - Yeon Sik Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Kwi Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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24
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Whitfield GP, Kohrt WM, Pettee Gabriel KK, Rahbar MH, Kohl HW. Bone mineral density across a range of physical activity volumes: NHANES 2007-2010. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:326-34. [PMID: 24870584 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between aerobic physical activity volume and bone mineral density (BMD) is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between BMD and aerobic activity across a broad range of activity volumes, particularly volumes between those recommended in the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and those of trained endurance athletes. METHODS Data from the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to quantify the association between reported physical activity and BMD at the lumbar spine and proximal femur across the entire range of activity volumes reported by US adults. Participants were categorized into multiples of the minimum guideline-recommended volume based on reported moderate- and vigorous-intensity leisure activity. Lumbar and proximal femur BMD were assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Among women, multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses revealed no significant differences in lumbar BMD across activity categories, whereas proximal femur BMD was significantly higher among those who exceeded the guidelines by 2-4 times than those who reported no activity. Among men, multivariable-adjusted BMD at both sites neared its highest values among those who exceeded the guidelines by at least 4 times and was not progressively higher with additional activity. Logistic regression estimating the odds of low BMD generally echoed the linear regression results. CONCLUSIONS The association between physical activity volume and BMD is complex. Among women, exceeding guidelines by 2-4 times may be important for maximizing BMD at the proximal femur, whereas among men, exceeding guidelines by ≥4 times may be beneficial for lumbar and proximal femur BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P Whitfield
- 1Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX; 2Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; 3Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX; and 4Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Abstract
The risk of overuse and traumatic tendon and ligament injuries differ between women and men. Part of this gender difference in injury risk is probably explained by sex hormonal differences which are specifically distinct during the sexual maturation in the teenage years and during young adulthood. The effects of the separate sex hormones are not fully elucidated. However, in women, the presence of estrogen in contrast to very low estrogen levels may be beneficial during regular loading of the tissue or during recovering after an injury, as estrogen can enhance tendon collagen synthesis rate. Yet, in active young female athletes, physiological high concentration of estrogen may enhance the risk of injuries due to reduced fibrillar crosslinking and enhanced joint laxity. In men, testosterone can enhance tendon stiffness due to an enhanced tendon collagen turnover and collagen content, but testosterone has also been linked to a reduced responsiveness to relaxin. The present chapter will focus on sex difference in tendon injury risk, tendon morphology and tendon collagen turnover, but also on the specific effects of estrogen and androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Hansen
- Department for Public Health, Section for Sport Science, Aarhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Mohr M, Helge EW, Petersen LF, Lindenskov A, Weihe P, Mortensen J, Jørgensen NR, Krustrup P. Effects of soccer vs swim training on bone formation in sedentary middle-aged women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2671-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Melville KM, Kelly NH, Surita G, Buchalter DB, Schimenti JC, Main RP, Ross FP, van der Meulen MCH. Effects of Deletion of ERα in Osteoblast-Lineage Cells on Bone Mass and Adaptation to Mechanical Loading Differ in Female and Male Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1468-80. [PMID: 25707500 PMCID: PMC4506717 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been implicated in bone's response to mechanical loading in both males and females. ERα in osteoblast lineage cells is important for determining bone mass, but results depend on animal sex and the cellular stage at which ERα is deleted. We demonstrated previously that when ERα is deleted from mature osteoblasts and osteocytes in mixed-background female mice, bone mass and strength are decreased. However, few studies exist examining the skeletal response to loading in bone cell-specific ERαKO mice. Therefore, we crossed ERα floxed (ERα(fl/fl)) and osteocalcin-Cre (OC-Cre) mice to generate animals lacking ERα in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes (pOC-ERαKO) and littermate controls (LC). At 10 weeks of age, the left tibia was loaded in vivo for 2 weeks. We analyzed bone mass through micro-CT, bone formation rate by dynamic histomorphometry, bone strength from mechanical testing, and osteoblast and osteoclast activity by serum chemistry and immunohistochemistry. ERα in mature osteoblasts differentially regulated bone mass in males and females. Compared with LC, female pOC-ERαKO mice had decreased cortical and cancellous bone mass, whereas male pOC-ERαKO mice had equal or greater bone mass than LC. Bone mass results correlated with decreased compressive strength in pOC-ERαKO female L(5) vertebrae and with increased maximum moment in pOC-ERαKO male femora. Female pOC-ERαKO mice responded more to mechanical loading, whereas the response of pOC-ERαKO male animals was similar to their littermate controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Melville
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Natalie H. Kelly
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Gina Surita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | | | - Russell P. Main
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - F. Patrick Ross
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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28
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Ferrucci L, Baroni M, Ranchelli A, Lauretani F, Maggio M, Mecocci P, Ruggiero C. Interaction between bone and muscle in older persons with mobility limitations. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:3178-97. [PMID: 24050165 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113196660690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive loss of bone-muscle mass and strength. When the decline in mass and strength reaches critical thresholds associated with adverse health outcomes, they are operationally considered geriatric conditions and named, respectively, osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia share many of the same risk factors and both directly or indirectly cause higher risk of mobility limitations, falls, fractures and disability in activities of daily living. This is not surprising since bones adapt their morphology and strength to the long-term loads exerted by muscle during anti-gravitational and physical activities. Non-mechanical systemic and local factors also modulate the mechanostat effect of muscle on bone by affecting the bidirectional osteocyte-muscle crosstalk, but the specific pathways that regulate these homeostatic mechanisms are not fully understood. More research is required to reach a consensus on cut points in bone and muscle parameters that identify individuals at high risk for adverse health outcomes, including falls, fractures and disability. A better understanding of the muscle-bone physiological interaction may help to develop preventive strategies that reduce the burden of musculoskeletal diseases, the consequent disability in older persons and to limit the financial burden associated with such conditions. In this review, we summarize age-related bone-muscle changes focusing on the biomechanical and homeostatic mechanisms that explain bone-muscle interaction and we speculate about possible pathological events that occur when these mechanisms become impaired. We also report some recent definitions of osteoporosis and sarcopenia that have emerged in the literature and their implications in clinical practice. Finally, we outline the current evidence for the efficacy of available anti-osteoporotic and proposed antisarcopenic interventions in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C Ruggiero
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06100, Perugia, Italy.
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29
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Hatori K, Camargos GV, Chatterjee M, Faot F, Sasaki K, Duyck J, Vandamme K. Single and combined effect of high-frequency loading and bisphosphonate treatment on the bone micro-architecture of ovariectomized rats. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:303-13. [PMID: 25236876 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mechanical loading at high frequency affects bone. Whether this also applies to osteoporotic bone, combined or not with bisphosphonate therapy, was investigated in this animal study through imaging. An anabolic effect of high-frequency loading on osteoporotic bone, however non-synergistic with bisphosphonates, was found, thereby revealing its potential for treatment of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION In an effort to elucidate the effect of high-frequency (HF) loading on bone and to optimize its potential for treatment osteoporosis, this study aimed to investigate the effect of HF loading via whole body vibration (WBV), alone or in association with bisphosphonate treatment (alendronate--ALN), on the micro-architecture of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced compromised bone. METHODS Eighty-four female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (shOVX). OVX animals were treated either with ALN (3 days/week at a dose of 2 mg/kg) or with saline solution. Each group (shOVX, OVX, ALN) was further divided into subgroups relative to the loading status (sham-WBV versus WBV) and the duration of experimental period (4 days versus 14 days). (Sham)WBV loading was applied for 10 min/day using 10 consecutive steps of HF loading (130, 135, 140, 145, 150, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150 Hz). Tibial bone structural responses to WBV and/or ALN treatment were analyzed using ex vivo micro-computed tomography. RESULTS The animal's hormonal status displayed a major impact on the trabecular and cortical bone structural parameters. Furthermore, mechanical treatment with HF WBV increased the cortical thickness and reduced the medullar area in OVX rats. However, OVX trabecular bone was not affected by HF stimuli. Finally, ALN prevented OVX-associated bone loss, but the association of ALN with WBV did not lead to a synergistic bone response in OVX bone. CONCLUSIONS HF WBV mechanical stimulation displayed an anabolic effect on osteoporotic cortical bone, confirming its therapeutic properties for enhancing compromised bone. Additionally, its association with bisphosphonates' administration did not produce any additive effect on the bone micro-architecture in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hatori
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Group, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Sun X, Liang J, Wang C, Cao S, Hu Y, Xu X. Transient Effect of 17β-estradiol on Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats Accompanied with Unilateral Disuse in the Early Phase. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:423-31. [PMID: 26078702 PMCID: PMC4466404 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is clinically important to determine the efficacy of estrogen replacement for postmenopausal women combined with mobility difficulties, due to the potential risks of estradiol. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of estradiol replacement on osteoporosis induced by the ovariectomy (OVX) combined with unilateral sciatic neurectomy (SN) in a rat model. METHOD Female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to OVX and unilateral SN on the right hindlimb (OVX+SN) or sham surgery (CTRL). 17β-estradiol (E2) or vehicle was administrated to the rats immediately, and followed by every other day. Bone mass and trabecular microarchitecture were analyzed using micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) and histology at days 3, 7, 14, and 28 post-surgery. The local expressions of sclerostin/SOST, secreted exclusively by osteocytes, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP 5b), produced mostly by osteoclasts, were examined by immunohistochemistry and TRAP staining, respectively. Serum markers of bone resorption, including C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx), receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), and TRAP 5b, were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULT Based on micro-CT analysis, E2 treatment of OVX+SN rats improved the preservation of the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N) in the tibias at day 14 post-surgery, which were 43% and 46% higher in OVX+SN+E2 rats than those in OVX+SN rats, respectively. However, the impact of E2 was transient and disappeared at day 28. Expression of sclerostin in the tibias of OVX+SN rats was significantly elevated at day 7 post-surgery compared with the CTRL, but was suppressed until day 14 with E2 replacement. CONCLUSION Our results showed that estrogen replacement could transiently protect against bone loss in OVX rats combined with mechanical unloading. The up-regulation of sclerostin expression appears to be transiently delayed by E2 treatment in our models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Sun
- 1. School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44-1, Jinan 250012, China. ; 3. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Liang
- 1. School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44-1, Jinan 250012, China. ; 3. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chune Wang
- 2. Institute of Dental Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Sensen Cao
- 2. Institute of Dental Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yingwei Hu
- 2. Institute of Dental Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Xu
- 1. School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44-1, Jinan 250012, China. ; 3. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, China
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Pan Y, Niu Y, Li C, Zhai Y, Zhang R, Guo X, Mei Q. Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides) prevents disuse-induced osteoporosis in hind limb suspension rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:143-55. [PMID: 24467541 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Du-Zhong has a long history of being used in traditional Chinese formulas to treat bone related diseases. The objective of the present study is to systematically investigate the effects of Du-Zhong cortex extract (DZCE) on disuse-induced osteoporosis. Rats were randomly divided into four groups, and three groups were treated with hind limb suspension (HLS). Control and HLS group received deionized distilled water, while the other two groups received alendronate (2.0 mg/kg/day) and DZCE (300 mg/kg/day) respectively by intragastric gavage for six weeks (two weeks prior to and during the four weeks of HLS). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, assay of biochemical markers, and three-point bending test were employed to determine the effect of various treatments on bone mass, turnover, and strength. The trabecular bone microarchitecture was assessed by microCT analysis. DZCE could effectively prevent the bone loss induced by HLS, which was indicated by decreased levels of bone turnover markers as well as the changes in urinary calcium and phosphorus. The DZCE treatment also enhanced the biomechanical strength of bone and prevented the deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture. DZCE administration was able to prevent disuse-induced osteoporosis by regulating the bone metabolism, suggesting that DZCE could be used as an alternative therapy for the prevention of disuse-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Pan
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China , Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Swift SN, Swift JM, Bloomfield SA. Mechanical loading increases detection of estrogen receptor-alpha in osteocytes and osteoblasts despite chronic energy restriction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:1349-55. [PMID: 25213639 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00588.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) is an important mediator of the bone response to mechanical loading. We sought to determine whether restricting dietary energy intake by 40% limits the bone formation rate (BFR) response to mechanical loading (LOAD) by downregulating ER-α-expressing osteocytes, or osteoblasts, or both. Female rats (n = 48, 7 mo old) were randomized to ADLIB-SHAM and ADLIB-LOAD groups fed AIN-93M purified diet ad libitum or to ER40-SHAM and ER40-LOAD groups fed modified AIN-93M with 40% less energy (100% of all other nutrients). After 12 wk, LOAD rats were subjected to a muscle contraction protocol three times every third day. ER40 produced lower proximal tibia bone volume (-22%), trabecular thickness (-14%), and higher trabecular separation (+127%) in SHAM but not LOAD rats. ER40 rats exhibited reductions in mineral apposition rate, but not percent mineralizing surface or BFR. LOAD induced similar relative increases in these kinetic measures of osteoblast activity/recruitment in both diet groups., but absolute values for ER40 LOAD rats were lower vs. ADLIB-LOAD. There were fourfold and eightfold increases in proportion of estrogen receptor-α protein-positive osteoblast and osteocytes, respectively, in LOAD vs. SHAM rats, with no effect of ER40. These data suggest that a brief period of mechanical loading significantly affects estrogen receptor-α in cancellous bone osteoblasts and osteocytes. Chronic energy restriction does result in lower absolute values in indices of osteoblast activity after mechanical loading, but not by a smaller increment relative to unloaded bones; this change is not explained by an associated downregulation of ER-α in osteoblasts or osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibyl N Swift
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Joshua M Swift
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Susan A Bloomfield
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Ferry B, Gavris M, Tifrea C, Serbanoiu S, Pop AC, Bembea M, Courteix D. The bone tissue of children and adolescents with Down syndrome is sensitive to mechanical stress in certain skeletal locations: a 1-year physical training program study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:2077-2084. [PMID: 24878629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The systemic complications of Down syndrome (DS) attenuate the osteogenic response to physical activity in DS patients. Through an interventional study we showed the effects of physical training on development of bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) as well as on quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) parameters in individuals with DS. A total of 42 children with DS were randomly assigned to either an exercising (DS-E, n=20, age 16 ± 1.8 years) or non-exercising group (DS-NE, n=22, age 16.9 ± 1.5 years). DS-E group was assigned to a program of osteogenic activities with 60 min sessions twice a week, over 12 month period. Bone mass measures were performed by dual X-ray absorpsiometry (DXA) at the spine and hip, and ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and velocity (SOS) assessed from the calcaneus by QUS device. All bone parameters had evolved with age, except for neck BMD. One year of training increased BMC values at lumbar spine (7%, p<.005) and total hip (10%, p<.05), and BMD values only at lumbar spine (4%, p<.05). Changes in BUA and SOS values were not evident following training. Trained individuals increased their motor skills measured through Eurofit tests. It was concluded that a program of osteogenic physical training may induce bone improvement in children with DS, but with a lower magnitude than that reported in the specialized literature for individuals without DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Ferry
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Limoges, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, STAPS, Limoges, France.
| | - Mirela Gavris
- UNEFS Bucarest, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire "Dr. Alexandru Partheniu", Romania
| | - Corina Tifrea
- UNEFS Bucarest, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire "Dr. Alexandru Partheniu", Romania
| | - Sorin Serbanoiu
- UNEFS Bucarest, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire "Dr. Alexandru Partheniu", Romania
| | - Anca-Cristina Pop
- University of Oradea, Research Centre on Human Performance, Oradea, Romania
| | - Marius Bembea
- Pediatric Hospital Oradea, Laborator de Genetica, Genetic Department, Oradea, Romania
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Kim S, Won CW, Kim BS, Choi HR, Moon MY. The association between the low muscle mass and osteoporosis in elderly Korean people. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:995-1000. [PMID: 25045234 PMCID: PMC4101790 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.7.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to predict osteoporosis risk as decreasing muscle mass and to declare the cut-off value of low muscle mass in an elderly Korean population. This study was based on data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (KNHANES). The subjects included 1,308 men and 1,171 women over 65 yr. Bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and appendicular skeletal muscle was adjusted by height as a marker of sarcopenia. After confirming the correlation between low muscle mass and BMD, the best cut-off value of muscle mass to estimate osteoporosis was suggested through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. For both men and women, BMD correlated positively with low muscle mass when ASM/Ht(2) was used as a marker for sarcopenia. The ROC curve showed that ASM/Ht(2) was the best marker for osteoporosis at a cut-off value of 6.85 kg/m(2) for men and 5.96 kg/m(2) for women. When these cut-off values were used to determine sarcopenia, the risk of osteoporosis increased 4.14 times in men and 1.88 times in women. In particular, men (OR 2.12) with sarcopenia were more greatly affected than women (OR 1.15), even after adjusting for osteoporosis risk factors. In elderly Korean people, sarcopenia is positively correlated with BMD and there is a strong correlation between sarcopenia and osteoporosis with risk of bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Sung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Rim Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Young Moon
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Helge EW, Randers MB, Hornstrup T, Nielsen JJ, Blackwell J, Jackman SR, Krustrup P. Street football is a feasible health-enhancing activity for homeless men: Biochemical bone marker profile and balance improved. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24 Suppl 1:122-9. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. W. Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Integrated Physiology; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. B. Randers
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Integrated Physiology; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. Hornstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Integrated Physiology; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. J. Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Integrated Physiology; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. Blackwell
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; St Luke's Campus; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - S. R. Jackman
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; St Luke's Campus; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - P. Krustrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Section of Integrated Physiology; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; St Luke's Campus; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
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Dionyssiotis Y, Skarantavos G, Papagelopoulos P. Modern rehabilitation in osteoporosis, falls, and fractures. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2014; 7:33-40. [PMID: 24963273 PMCID: PMC4064946 DOI: 10.4137/cmamd.s14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In prevention and management of osteoporosis, modern rehabilitation should focus on how to increase muscular and bone strength. Resistance exercises are beneficial for muscle and bone strength, and weight-bearing exercises help maintain fitness and bone mass. In subjects at higher risk for osteoporotic fractures, particular attention should be paid to improving balance – the most important element in falls prevention. Given the close interaction between osteoporosis and falls, prevention of fractures should be based on factors related to bone strength and risk factors for falls. Fractures are the most serious complication of osteoporosis and may be prevented. The use of modern spinal orthosis helps to reduce pain and improve posture. Vibration platforms are used in rehabilitation of osteoporosis, based on the concept that noninvasive, short-duration, mechanical stimulation could have an impact on osteoporosis risk. Pharmacologic therapy should be added for those at high risk of fracture, and vitamin D/calcium supplementation is essential in all prevention strategies. Success of rehabilitation in osteoporotic and fractured subjects through an individualized educational approach optimizes function to the highest level of independence while improving the overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Dionyssiotis
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, General University Hospital Attikon, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Grigorios Skarantavos
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, General University Hospital Attikon, Chaidari, Greece
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Helge EW, Andersen TR, Schmidt JF, Jørgensen NR, Hornstrup T, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Recreational football improves bone mineral density and bone turnover marker profile in elderly men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24 Suppl 1:98-104. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. W. Helge
- Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. R. Andersen
- Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. F. Schmidt
- Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Cardiology; Gentofte Hospital; Gentofte Denmark
| | - N. R. Jørgensen
- Research Center for Ageing and Osteoporosis; Departments of Diagnostics and Medicine; Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup; Glostrup Denmark
| | - T. Hornstrup
- Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P. Krustrup
- Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - J. Bangsbo
- Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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38
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Scott JPR, Sale C, Greeves JP, Casey A, Dutton J, Fraser WD. Treadmill running reduces parathyroid hormone concentrations during recovery compared with a nonexercising control group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1774-82. [PMID: 24476072 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lower PTH concentrations reported in the hours after acute, endurance exercise compared with preexercise levels might be influenced by factors such as circadian fluctuations. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare postexercise PTH concentrations with a nonexercising control group. DESIGN AND SETTING A laboratory-based study with a crossover design, comparing a 60-minute (at 10:30 am) bout of treadmill running at 65% of the maximal rate of oxygen uptake (exercise) with semirecumbent rest (CON). Blood samples were obtained immediately before (baseline 10:15 am) and after (11:30 am) exercise and during recovery (12:30 am, 1:30 pm, and 2:15 pm). PARTICIPANTS Ten physically active men (mean ± 1 SD, age 26 ± 5 y; body mass 78.3 ± 5.8 kg; maximal rate of oxygen uptake 57.3 ± 6.9 mL/kg(-1) · min(-1)) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES PTH, albumin-adjusted calcium, and phosphate concentrations were measured. RESULTS PTH concentrations increased (+85%, P < .01) during exercise and were higher than in CON immediately at the end of exercise (4.5 ± 1.9 vs 2.6 ± 0.9 pmol/L(-1), P < .05). In the postexercise period (12:30-2:15 pm), PTH was not different compared with baseline but was lower compared with CON at 1:30 pm (-22%; P < .01) and tended to be lower at both 12:30 pm (-12%; P = .063) and 2:15 pm (-13%; P = .057). Exercise did not significantly affect the albumin-adjusted calcium concentrations, whereas phosphate was higher than CON immediately after exercise (1.47 ± 0.17 vs 1.03 ± 0.17 pmol/L(-1), P < .001) and was lower at 1:30 pm (-16%: P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Lower PTH concentrations after acute endurance running compared with a rested control condition suggest a true effect of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P R Scott
- Human Sciences (J.P.R.S., A.C.), QinetiQ Ltd, Farnborough GU14 0LX, United Kingdom; Biomedical, Life, and Health Sciences Research Centre (C.S.), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, NG1 4BU Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Occupational Medicine (J.P.G.), Headquarters Army Recruiting and Training Division, Upavon SN9 6BE, Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Musculoskeletal Biology (J.D.), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, United Kingdom; and Norwich Medical School (W.D.F.), University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
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Ma HT, Griffith JF, Xu L, Leung PC. The functional muscle-bone unit in subjects of varying BMD. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:999-1004. [PMID: 24030288 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY This study used the "functional muscle-bone unit" concept to investigate muscle-bone interaction of the lumbar spine in subjects of varying bone mineral density. It was found that unit bone mass corresponded to a relatively more muscle mass in subjects with reduced bone mineral density, indicating a relatively higher mechanical load from muscles exerted on trabecular bone. INTRODUCTION Bone is an architecturally adaptive tissue which responds to mechanical loading. This study is proposed to use "functional muscle-bone unit" to reflect this muscle-bone interaction at spine in subjects with different bone mineral density. METHODS The study was carried out in young normal subjects (21 females; age, 29 ± 3) and elderly subjects (155 females; age, 73 ± 3.9) with varying bone mineral density. Cross-sectional area of paravertebral muscle groups was measured in MR images to indicate the muscle mass, while the bone mineral content by dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to represent the bone mass. The functional muscle-bone unit was calculated as the ratio between the bone mass to muscle mass. RESULTS It showed that with aging, the muscle mass decreased with the bone mass losing. However, more pronounced reduction was found in bone mass than in muscle mass in the subjects with lower bone mineral density. CONCLUSIONS Muscle-bone interaction was changed in elderly, especially in those with osteoporosis. Unit bone mass corresponded to a higher muscle mass in subjects with reduced bone mineral density than those normal subjects. This may be contributory to the occurrence of nontraumatic vertebral fractures in elderly subjects with reduced bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Rm 205C, C Building, HIT Campus, University Town, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China, 518055,
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Huh JH, Song MK, Park KH, Kim KJ, Kim JE, Rhee YM, Lim SK. Gender-specific pleiotropic bone-muscle relationship in the elderly from a nationwide survey (KNHANES IV). Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:1053-61. [PMID: 24150214 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY The aim of this study was to examine the gender-specific association between sarcopenia and bone geometry/metabolic parameters. Low muscle mass was associated with greater deterioration of bone than in deterioration of glucose or lipid profiles. This bone-muscle relationship was more prominent in men than in women. INTRODUCTION There are few studies that report on gender differences in the effects of low muscle mass on bone and metabolic parameters in elderly subjects. This study aimed to assess the gender-specific influence of muscle mass on bone and metabolic parameters. METHODS A total of 2,264 participants (940 men and 1,324 women) whose age ranged from 65 to 92 years were analyzed using data from The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008-2009). We measured bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular muscle mass using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and also measured metabolic profiles. RESULTS The age-related trend in bone and muscle coincided in men but not in women. Femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) BMD were highly correlated with muscle mass in both genders. However, in women, this correlation was not significant in the lumbar spine (LS). In addition, this positive correlation was stronger in the FN or TH than in the LS and was stronger in men than in women. Subjects with sarcopenia were at a higher risk for osteoporosis in the FN, TH, and LS in men, and in the TH and FN in women. The degree of association between muscle mass and metabolic profiles was relatively very weak. CONCLUSION Bone-muscle relationship was more prominent in men than in women. The gender differences in bone-muscle relationship may be helpful for the development of gender-specific preventive strategies in the elderly, especially in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Huh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
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Bolam KA, van Uffelen JGZ, Taaffe DR. The effect of physical exercise on bone density in middle-aged and older men: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2749-62. [PMID: 23552825 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although trials have shown that exercise has positive effects on bone mineral density (BMD), the majority of exercise trials have been conducted in older women. The aim of this study was to systematically review trials examining the effect of weight-bearing and resistance-based exercise modalities on the BMD of hip and lumbar spine of middle-aged and older men. Eight electronic databases were searched in August 2012. Randomised controlled or controlled trials that assessed the effect of weight-bearing and resistance-based exercise interventions on BMD measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and reported effects in middle-aged and older men were included. Eight trials detailed in nine papers were included. The interventions included walking (n = 2), resistance training (n = 3), walking + resistance training (n = 1), resistance training + impact-loading activities (n = 1) and resistance training + Tai Chi (n = 1). Five of the eight trials achieved a score of less than 50% on the modified Delphi quality rating scale. Further, there was heterogeneity in the type, intensity, frequency and duration of the exercise regimens. Effects of exercise varied greatly among studies, with six interventions having a positive effect on BMD and two interventions having no significant effect. It appears that resistance training alone or in combination with impact-loading activities are most osteogenic for this population, whereas the walking trials had limited effect on BMD. Therefore, regular resistance training and impact-loading activities should be considered as a strategy to prevent osteoporosis in middle-aged and older men. High quality randomised controlled trials are needed to establish the optimal exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Bolam
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,
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Shwartz Y, Blitz E, Zelzer E. One load to rule them all: Mechanical control of the musculoskeletal system in development and aging. Differentiation 2013; 86:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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A rehabilitation exercise program induces severe bone mineral deficits in estrogen-deficient rats after extended disuse. Menopause 2013; 19:1267-76. [PMID: 22713863 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318255657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both estrogen and mechanical loading regulate bone maintenance. However, mechanical overload seems less effective in enhancing bone mineral density (BMD) in estrogen-deficient women. The aim of this study was to determine whether estradiol (E2) influences early-phase bone adaptations to reambulation (REAMB) and/or rehabilitation exercises after hindlimb unloading (HLU) of ovariectomized rats. METHODS Eighty-one 5-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the following groups: (1) intact controls, (2) ovariectomy (OVX), (3) OVX + E2, (4) OVX + 4 weeks of HLU, (5) OVX + E2 + HLU, (6) OVX + HLU + 2 weeks of quadrupedal REAMB, (7) OVX + E2 + HLU + REAMB, (8) OVX + HLU + REAMB + supplemental climbing, jumping, and balance exercises (EX), or (9) OVX + E2 + HLU + REAMB + EX. Serial dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed to track total body bone characteristics throughout the study, and peripheral quantitative computerized tomography was used to determine distal femoral metaphyseal bone mineral characteristics. RESULTS Total body BMD increased by 4% to 8% in all animals receiving supplemental E2, whereas BMD did not change in animals without E2. OVX reduced trabecular BMD at the femoral metaphysis, and HLU exacerbated this loss while also reducing cortical BMD. E2 protected against OVX + HLU-induced bone loss at the femoral metaphysis. Conversely, REAMB did not alter BMD, regardless of estrogen status. In the absence of E2, REAMB + EX resulted in severe bone loss after OVX + HLU, with trabecular BMD and cortical BMD measurements that were 91% and 7% below those of controls, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). However, in the presence of E2, REAMB + EX did not negatively influence bone mineral characteristics. CONCLUSIONS E2 protects against bone loss resulting from combined OVX + HLU of rodents. In the absence of estrogen, exercise induces disadvantageous early-phase bone adaptations after extended disuse.
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Wakamatsu K, Sakuraba K, Suzuki Y, Maruyama A, Tsuchiya Y, Shikakura J, Ochi E. Association between the stress fracture and bone metabolism/quality markers in lacrosse players. Open Access J Sports Med 2012; 3:67-71. [PMID: 24198589 PMCID: PMC3781901 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s34097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overuse injury including stress fracture is a serious problem for athletes. Recently, the importance of bone metabolism and quality as factors preventing overuse injury has been increasingly recognized. Hence, we hypothesized that markers of bone metabolism and quality are related to overuse injuries. Methods The subjects, which were elite university lacrosse players (male, n = 35; age, 19.8 ± 1.1; female, n = 49; age, 20.0 ± 1.0), were divided into a stress fracture group and a control group. We measured the subjects’ physical characteristics (height, weight, body mass index, and body fat) and bone architecture was evaluated using quantitative ultrasound. Bone alkaline phosphatase, N-telopeptide cross-link of type I collagen, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b), homocysteine, and pentosidine were measured from blood samples obtained from all subjects. Results No significant difference was observed between groups with respect to height, weight, body mass index, and body fat, as well as quantitative ultrasound. Further, there were no significant differences in the levels of bone alkaline phosphatase, N-telopeptide cross-link of type I collagen, or TRAP-5b between stress fracture and control groups in all subjects and in male subjects. However, a significant increase in TRAP-5b level was observed in the stress fracture group compared with the control in the female subjects (409.9 ± 209.3 and 318.6 ± 81.6 mU/dL, respectively; P < 0.05). Homocysteine and pentosidine did not differ between groups. Conclusion These results suggest that osteoclast activity of female athletes with stress fractures may be enhanced by TRAP-5b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Wakamatsu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Erlandson MC, Kontulainen SA, Chilibeck PD, Arnold CM, Faulkner RA, Baxter-Jones ADG. Higher premenarcheal bone mass in elite gymnasts is maintained into young adulthood after long-term retirement from sport: a 14-year follow-up. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:104-10. [PMID: 21956460 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sports that impact-load the skeleton during childhood and adolescence increase determinants of bone strength such as bone mineral content and density; however, it is unclear if this benefit is maintained after retirement from the sport. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the previously reported higher bone mass in a group of premenarcheal gymnasts was still apparent 10 years after the cessation of participation and withdrawal of the gymnastics loading stimulus. In 1995, 30 gymnasts 8 to 15 years of age were measured and compared with 30 age-matched nongymnasts. Twenty-five former gymnasts and 22 nongymnasts were measured again 14 years later (2009 to 2010). Gymnasts had been retired from gymnastics training and competition for an average of 10 years. Total body (TB), lumbar spine (LS), and femoral neck (FN) bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed at both measurement occasions by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to compare former gymnasts' and nongymnasts' BMC while controlling for differences in body size and maturation (covariates: age, height, weight, and years from menarche [1995] or age at menarche [2009 to 2010]). Premenarcheal gymnasts (measured in 1995) had significantly greater size-adjusted TB, LS, and FN BMC (p < 0.05) (15%, 17%, and 12%, respectively) than nongymnasts. Ten years after retirement, gymnasts had maintained similar size-adjusted TB, LS, and FN BMC differences (p < 0.05) (13%, 19%, and 13%, respectively) when compared with nongymnasts. Bone mass benefits in premenarcheal gymnasts were still apparent even after long-term (10 years) removal of the gymnastics loading stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C Erlandson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Shiguemoto GE, Prestes J, Leite RD, Pereira GB, Pontes CLS, D'Ávila FV, Botero JP, Baldissera V, Nonaka KO, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Perez SEA. Effects of resistance training on matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and biomechanical and physical properties of bone in ovariectomized and intact rats. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 22:607-17. [PMID: 21362057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of resistance training on the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and bone biomechanical properties in ovariectomized and intact rats. Forty-eight female rats were divided into two distinct groups, ovariectomized (OVX) and intact (Int), which were subdivided into three similar subgroups: sedentary, acute exercise and chronic exercise. Rats performed a resistance training for 12 weeks in which animals climbed a vertical ladder of 1.1 m with weights attached to their tails. Sessions were performed with an interval of 3, 4-9 and 8-12 days scaled dynamic movements of climbing. Biomechanical and physical analyses were performed using a universal testing machine, and MMP-2 activity analysis by zymography. Bone density (BD), mineral density (MD), maximum load and fracture load was reduced in sedentary and acute exercise OVX groups compared with the sedentary intact group (P<0.05); in contrast, chronically trained groups (OVX and Int) showed a significant increase in BD, MD and fracture load compared with all the other groups. MMP-2 activity in chronically trained groups also showed a significant increase, while the sedentary OVX group showed a decrease in MMP-2 activity compared with the intact sedentary group (P<0.05). Our results suggest that the resistance training proposed in our work was efficient in reverting the deleterious effects of ovariectomy on bone tissue, and also produced modeling effects in intact rats. On the other hand, ovariectomy reduced the activity of MMP-2 and produced deleterious effects on bone tissue, mimicking menopause intrinsically.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Shiguemoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Muscle forces are a strong determinant of bone structure, particularly during the process of growth and development. The gender divergence in the bone-muscle relationship becomes strongly evident during adolescence. In females, growth is characterized by increased estrogen levels and increased mass and strength of bone relative to that of muscle, whereas in men, increases in testosterone fuel large increases in muscle, resulting in muscle forces that coincide with a large growth in bone dimensions and strength. In adulthood, significant age-related losses are observed for both bone and muscle tissues. Large decrease in estrogen levels in women appears to diminish the skeleton's responsiveness to exercise more than in men. In contrast, the aging of the muscle-bone axis in men is a function of age related declines in both hormones. In addition to the well-known age related changes in the mechanical loading of bone by muscle, newer studies appear to provide evidence of age- and gender-related variations in molecular signaling between bone and muscle that are independent of purely mechanical interactions. In summary, gender differences in the acquisition and age-related loss in bone and muscle tissues may be important for developing gender-specific strategies for using exercise to reduce bone loss with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Lang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0946, USA,*Thomas F. Lang:
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Saine ME, Barbe MF, Agah MR, Yingling VR. Hypothalamic suppression during adolescence varies by bone envelope. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 43:608-16. [PMID: 20798664 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181f56a2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to suppress estradiol levels in adolescent (postpubertal rats) using gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-a) injections and to determine the changes in bone structure and mechanical strength. METHODS In an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved study, female rats at 23 d of age were assigned to a baseline group (BL65; n = 10) sacrificed on day 65, a control group (Control; n = 15) sacrificed on day 90, or an experimental group (AMEN; n = 9) sacrificed on day 90 that received daily injections of GnRH-a for a 25-d period from 65 to 90 d of age (2.5 mg·kg(-1) per dose). RESULTS Body weights were similar on day 65; however, the AMEN group was significantly heavier than the Control group (17%, P = 0.001) on day 90. In the AMEN rats relative to the Control group, plasma estradiol levels were reduced by 36% (P = 0.0001) and plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were 24% higher (P = 0.003). In the femur, there was no change in periosteal bone apposition or total cross-sectional area. The marrow area increased by 13.7% (P = 0.05) resulting in a 7.8% decrease in relative cortical area (P = 0.012), and endocortical bone formation rate increased by 39.4% (P = 0.04). Trabecular volume and number decreased by 51.5% (P = 0.0003) and 49.5% (P = 0.0003), respectively. The absolute peak moments of the tibiae and femurs were unchanged in the AMEN group relative to the Control group, but these were reduced by 8.8% (P = 0.03) and 7.5% (P = 0.09), respectively, when normalized by body weight. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of estradiol by 25 d of GnRH-a administration to 65-d-old (postpubertal) rats reduced trabecular volume and number by about 50%, increased endocortical bone turnover, and reduced relative cortical thickness without changing tibial and femoral total area. These changes in bone structure were associated with no change in absolute mechanical strength possibly because of increases in body weight or in insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKayla Elle Saine
- Department of Anthropology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Helge EW, Aagaard P, Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E, Randers MB, Karlsson MK, Krustrup P. Recreational football training decreases risk factors for bone fractures in untrained premenopausal women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010; 20 Suppl 1:31-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bryant AL, Clark RA, Bartold S, Murphy A, Hohmann E, Bennell KL, Marshall S, Payne C, Crossley KM. Estrogen alters the mechanical behaviour of the human achilles tendon in vivo. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280902977228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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