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Ribeiro Guerra M, Coignard J, Eon-Marchais S, Dondon MG, Le Gal D, Beauvallet J, Mebirouk N, Belotti M, Caron O, Gauthier-Villars M, Coupier I, Buecher B, Lortholary A, Fricker JP, Gesta P, Noguès C, Faivre L, Berthet P, Luporsi E, Delnatte C, Bonadona V, Maugard CM, Pujol P, Lasset C, Longy M, Bignon YJ, Adenis-Lavignasse C, Venat-Bouvet L, Dreyfus H, Gladieff L, Mortemousque I, Audebert-Bellanger S, Soubrier F, Giraud S, Lejeune-Dumoulin S, Limacher JM, Chiesa J, Fajac A, Floquet A, Eisinger F, Tinat J, Fert-Ferrer S, Colas C, Frebourg T, Damiola F, Barjhoux L, Cavaciuti E, Mazoyer S, Tardivon A, Lesueur F, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Andrieu N. Diagnostic chest X-rays and breast cancer risk among women with a hereditary predisposition to breast cancer unexplained by a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:79. [PMID: 34344426 PMCID: PMC8336294 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic ionizing radiation is a risk factor for breast cancer (BC). BC risk increases with increased dose to the chest and decreases with increased age at exposure, with possible effect modification related to familial or genetic predisposition. While chest X-rays increase the BC risk of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers compared to non-carriers, little is known for women with a hereditary predisposition to BC but who tested negative for a BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutation. METHODS We evaluated the effect of chest X-rays from diagnostic medical procedures in a dataset composed of 1552 BC cases identified through French family cancer clinics and 1363 unrelated controls. Participants reported their history of X-ray exposures in a detailed questionnaire and were tested for 113 DNA repair genes. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the association with BC. RESULTS Chest X-ray exposure doubled BC risk. A 3% increased BC risk per additional exposure was observed. Being 20 years old or younger at first exposure or being exposed before first full-term pregnancy did not seem to modify this risk. Birth after 1960 or carrying a rare likely deleterious coding variant in a DNA repair gene other than BRCA1/2 modified the effect of chest X-ray exposure. CONCLUSION Ever/never chest X-ray exposure increases BC risk 2-fold regardless of age at first exposure and, by up to 5-fold when carrying 3 or more rare variants in a DNA repair gene. Further studies are needed to evaluate other DNA repair genes or variants to identify those which could modify radiation sensitivity. Identification of subpopulations that are more or less susceptible to ionizing radiation is important and potentially clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliette Coignard
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Eon-Marchais
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Dondon
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Dorothée Le Gal
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Juana Beauvallet
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Caron
- Gustave Roussy, Département de Médecine Oncologique, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Isabelle Coupier
- Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Service de Génétique Médicale et Oncogénétique, Montpellier, France
- INSERM 896, CRCM Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alain Lortholary
- Centre Catherine de Sienne, Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Nantes, France
| | | | - Paul Gesta
- CH Georges Renon, Service d'Oncogénétique Régional Poitou-Charentes, Niort, France
| | - Catherine Noguès
- Département d'Anticipation et de Suivi des Cancers, Oncogénétique Clinique, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Institut GIMI, CHU de Dijon, Hôpital d'Enfants, Dijon, France
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Pascaline Berthet
- Centre François Baclesse, Unité de pathologie gynécologique, Caen, France
| | - Elisabeth Luporsi
- Service de Génétique UF4128 CHR Metz-Thionville, Hôpital de Mercy, Metz, France
| | - Capucine Delnatte
- Centre René Gauducheau, Unité d'Oncogénétique, Nantes, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Valérie Bonadona
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5558, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Unité de Prévention et Epidémiologie Génétique, Lyon, France
| | - Christine M Maugard
- Génétique Oncologique moléculaire, UF1422, Département d'Oncobiologie, LBBM, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- UF6948 Génétique Oncologique Clinique, Evaluation familiale et suivi, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Pujol
- Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Service de Génétique Médicale et Oncogénétique, Montpellier, France
- INSERM 896, CRCM Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Lasset
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5558, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Unité de Prévention et Epidémiologie Génétique, Lyon, France
| | | | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Département d'oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR INSERM 1240, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Hélène Dreyfus
- Clinique Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
- Hôpital Couple-Enfant, Département de Génétique, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Gladieff
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT-Oncopole, Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Giraud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bron, France
| | | | | | - Jean Chiesa
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, CHRU Hôpital Caremeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Anne Fajac
- Service d'Oncogénétique, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | | | - François Eisinger
- Département d'Anticipation et de Suivi des Cancers, Oncogénétique Clinique, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Tinat
- Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Service de génétique médicale, CHU De Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Chrystelle Colas
- Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Hopital René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Département de Génétique, Hopital Universitaire de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- Department of Biopathology, Pathology Research platform, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Barjhoux
- GCS AURAGEN, Plateforme de Génétique, Hôpital Edouart Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Eve Cavaciuti
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Université Saint Etienne, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Tardivon
- Service de Radiologie, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
- INSERM, U830, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, Paris, France.
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France.
- PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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Sadakane A, Landes RD, Sakata R, Nagano J, Shore RE, Ozasa K. Medical Radiation Exposure among Atomic Bomb Survivors: Understanding its Impact on Risk Estimates of Atomic Bomb Radiation. Radiat Res 2019; 191:507-517. [PMID: 30925137 DOI: 10.1667/rr15054.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There have been some concerns about the influence of medical X rays in dose-response analysis of atomic bomb radiation on health outcomes. Among atomic bomb survivors in the Life Span Study, the association between atomic bomb radiation dose and exposures to medical X rays was investigated using questionnaire data collected by a mail survey conducted between 2007-2011, soliciting information on the history of computed tomography (CT) scans, gastrointestinal fluoroscopy, angiography and radiotherapy. Among 12,670 participants, 76% received at least one CT scan; 77%, a fluoroscopic examination; 23%, an angiographic examination; and 8%, radiotherapy. Descriptive and multivariable-adjusted analyses showed that medical X rays were administered in greater frequencies among those who were exposed to an atomic bomb radiation dose of 1.0 Gy or higher, compared to those exposed to lower doses. This is possibly explained by a greater frequency in major chronic diseases such as cancer in the ≥1.0 Gy group. The frequency of medical X rays in the groups exposed to 0.005-0.1 Gy or 0.1-1.0 Gy did not differ significantly from those exposed to <0.005 Gy. An analysis of finer dose groups under 1 Gy likewise showed no differences in frequencies of medical X rays. Thus, no evidence of material confounding of atomic bomb effects was found. Among those exposed to atomic bomb doses <1 Gy, doses were not associated with medical radiation exposures. The significant association of doses ≥1 Gy with medical radiation exposures likely produces no substantive bias in radiation effect estimates because diagnostic medical X-ray doses are much lower than the atomic bomb doses. Further information on actual medical X-ray doses and on the validity of self-reports of X-ray procedures would strengthen this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Sadakane
- a Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Reid D Landes
- b Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Ritsu Sakata
- a Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Nagano
- c Department of Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Roy E Shore
- d Department of New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- a Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
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Dreger S, Poettgen S, Samkange-Zeeb F, Merzenich H, Ningo A, Breckow J, Zeeb H. Retrospective assessment of self-reported exposure to medical ionizing radiation: results of a feasibility study conducted in Germany. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:300. [PMID: 26159425 PMCID: PMC4702423 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to medical ionizing radiation has been increasing over the past decades and constitutes the largest contributor to overall radiation exposure in the general population. While occupational exposures are generally monitored by national radiation protection agencies, individual data on medical radiation exposure for the general public are not regularly collected. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of assessing lifetime medical ionizing radiation exposure from diagnostic and therapeutic procedures retrospectively and prospectively within the framework of the German National Cohort study. Methods Retrospective assessment of individual medical radiation exposure was done using an interviewer-based questionnaire among 199 participants (87 men and 112 women) aged 20–69 randomly drawn from the general population at two recruitment locations in Germany. X-ray cards were distributed to 97 participants at one recruitment center to prospectively collect medical radiation exposure over a 6-month period. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used to test differences in self-reported median examination frequencies for the variables age, sex, and recruitment center. To evaluate the self-reported information on radiological procedures, agreement was assessed using health insurance data as gold standard for the time period 2005 to 2010 from 8 participants. Results Participants reported a median of 7 lifetime X-ray examinations (interquartile range 4–13), and 42% (n = 83) reported having had a CT scan (2, IQR = 1–3). Women reported statistically significant more X-ray examinations than men. Individual frequencies above the 75th percentile (≥15 X-ray examinations) were predominantly observed among women and in individuals >50 years of age. The prospective exposure assessment yielded a 60% return-rate of X-ray cards (n = 58). 16 (28%) of the returned cards reported radiological examinations conducted during the 6-month period but generally lacked more detailed exposure information. X-ray examinations reported for the period for which health insurance data were available provided a moderately valid measure of individual medical radiation exposure. Conclusions The assessment of more recent medical examinations seems in the German National Cohort study feasible, whereas lifetime medical radiation exposure appears difficult to assess via self-reports. Health insurance data may be a potentially useful tool for the assessment of individual data on medical radiation exposure both retrospectively and prospectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1268-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Dreger
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Saskia Poettgen
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Florence Samkange-Zeeb
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Hiltrud Merzenich
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Anye Ningo
- Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM), University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Joachim Breckow
- Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM), University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstrasse 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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John EM, McGuire V, Thomas D, Haile R, Ozcelik H, Milne RL, Felberg A, West DW, Miron A, Knight JA, Terry MB, Daly M, Buys SS, Andrulis IL, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Giles GG, Apicella C, Thorne H, Whittemore AS. Diagnostic chest X-rays and breast cancer risk before age 50 years for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1547-56. [PMID: 23853209 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of low-dose medical radiation on breast cancer risk are uncertain, and few studies have included genetically susceptible women, such as those who carry germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. METHODS We studied 454 BRCA1 and 273 BRCA2 mutation carriers ages younger than 50 years from three breast cancer family registries in the United States, Canada, and Australia/New Zealand. We estimated breast cancer risk associated with diagnostic chest X-rays by comparing mutation carriers with breast cancer (cases) with those without breast cancer (controls). Exposure to chest X-rays was self-reported. Mammograms were not considered in the analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for known risk factors for breast cancer, the ORs for a history of diagnostic chest X-rays, excluding those for tuberculosis or pneumonia, were 1.16 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-2.11] for BRCA1 mutations carriers and 1.22 (95% CI, 0.62-2.42) for BRCA2 mutations carriers. The OR was statistically elevated for BRCA2 mutation carriers with three to five diagnostic chest X-rays (P = 0.01) but not for those with six or more chest X-rays. Few women reported chest fluoroscopy for tuberculosis or chest X-rays for pneumonia; the OR estimates were elevated, but not statistically significant, for BRCA1 mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support a positive association between diagnostic chest X-rays and breast cancer risk before the ages of 50 years for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. IMPACT Given the increasing use of diagnostic imaging involving higher ionizing radiation doses, further studies of genetically predisposed women are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538-2334, USA.
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5
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Pijpe A, Andrieu N, Easton DF, Kesminiene A, Cardis E, Noguès C, Gauthier-Villars M, Lasset C, Fricker JP, Peock S, Frost D, Evans DG, Eeles RA, Paterson J, Manders P, van Asperen CJ, Ausems MGEM, Meijers-Heijboer H, Thierry-Chef I, Hauptmann M, Goldgar D, Rookus MA, van Leeuwen FE. Exposure to diagnostic radiation and risk of breast cancer among carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations: retrospective cohort study (GENE-RAD-RISK). BMJ 2012; 345:e5660. [PMID: 22956590 PMCID: PMC3435441 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of breast cancer associated with diagnostic radiation in carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study (GENE-RAD-RISK). SETTING Three nationwide studies (GENEPSO, EMBRACE, HEBON) in France, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, PARTICIPANTS 1993 female carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations recruited in 2006-09. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Risk of breast cancer estimated with a weighted Cox proportional hazards model with a time dependent individually estimated cumulative breast dose, based on nominal estimates of organ dose and frequency of self reported diagnostic procedures. To correct for potential survival bias, the analysis excluded carriers who were diagnosed more than five years before completion of the study questionnaire. RESULTS In carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations any exposure to diagnostic radiation before the age of 30 was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 3.00), with a dose-response pattern. The risks by quarter of estimated cumulative dose <0.0020 Gy, ≥ 0.0020-0.0065 Gy, ≥ 0.0066-0.0173 Gy, and ≥ 0.0174 Gy were 1.63 (0.96 to 2.77), 1.78 (0.88 to 3.58), 1.75 (0.72 to 4.25), and 3.84 (1.67 to 8.79), respectively. Analyses on the different types of diagnostic procedures showed a pattern of increasing risk with increasing number of radiographs before age 20 and before age 30 compared with no exposure. A history of mammography before age 30 was also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio 1.43, 0.85 to 2.40). Sensitivity analysis showed that this finding was not caused by confounding by indication of family history. CONCLUSION In this large European study among carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations, exposure to diagnostic radiation before age 30 was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer at dose levels considerably lower than those at which increases have been found in other cohorts exposed to radiation. The results of this study support the use of non-ionising radiation imaging techniques (such as magnetic resonance imaging) as the main tool for surveillance in young women with BRCA1/2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Pijpe
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Pijpe A, Mulder RL, Manders P, van Leeuwen FE, Rookus MA. Validation study suggested no differential misclassification of self-reported mammography history in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. J Clin Epidemiol 2011; 64:1434-43. [PMID: 21764559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed accuracy of self-reported lifetime mammography history by BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with and without breast cancer. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Within the framework of the HEBON study (The Netherlands Collaborative Group on Hereditary Breast Cancer), 218 Dutch BRCA1/2 mutation carriers had completed a risk factor questionnaire between 2006 and 2007. Accuracy of self-reported lifetime mammography history was assessed by medical record review and calculated by proportion agreement and Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ). RESULTS For 177 (81%) carriers, validation could be completed. Accuracy of reporting of ever/never exposure was excellent (i.e., agreement ≥ 93%, κ ≥ 0.81) for all time frames (lifetime, before age 30, and at ages 30-39). Accuracy of age at first mammogram was poor to moderate (i.e., 39%, κ=0.37) for exact agreement and improved to almost excellent (i.e., 70%, κ=0.69) for agreement within 1 year, indicating that differences were small. Although cases more often tended to underestimate their exact age at first mammogram, whereas unaffected carriers tended to overestimate, this difference in the direction of inaccuracy was not statistically significant (P=0.237). Accuracy of age at last mammogram was moderate and improved to excellent for agreement within 1 year. Carriers tended to underreport the time since last mammogram ("telescoping") and overreported the number of mammograms. CONCLUSION Accuracy of self-reported lifetime mammography history in carriers highly varied, depending on the measure under investigation. However, the extent of the observed misclassification was small and mostly nondifferential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Pijpe
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Pogoda JM, Nichols PW, Ross RK, Stram DO, Thomas DC, Preston-Martin S. Diagnostic radiography and adult acute myeloid leukaemia: an interview and medical chart review study. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1482-6. [PMID: 21522150 PMCID: PMC3101931 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aetiology of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is not well understood, perhaps because of its distinct subtypes. High-dose ionising radiation is a known risk factor, but less is known about risk from low-dose exposure such as from diagnostic radiography. METHODS Subjects were 412 matched case-control pairs. Ten-year subject histories of diagnostic radiography were based on interview and medical records. RESULTS There was no convincing association between AML risk and ionising radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging procedures, either for AML overall or for any AML subtype. CONCLUSION The association between diagnostic radiography and AML risk remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pogoda
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90089, USA.
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8
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Jansen-van der Weide MC, Greuter MJW, Jansen L, Oosterwijk JC, Pijnappel RM, de Bock GH. Exposure to low-dose radiation and the risk of breast cancer among women with a familial or genetic predisposition: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2010; 20:2547-56. [PMID: 20582702 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-010-1839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with familial or genetic aggregation of breast cancer are offered screening outside the population screening programme. However, the possible benefit of mammography screening could be reduced due to the risk of radiation-induced tumours. A systematic search was conducted addressing the question of how low-dose radiation exposure affects breast cancer risk among high-risk women. METHODS A systematic search was conducted for articles addressing breast cancer, mammography screening, radiation and high-risk women. Effects of low-dose radiation on breast cancer risk were presented in terms of pooled odds ratios (OR). RESULTS Of 127 articles found, 7 were selected for the meta-analysis. Pooled OR revealed an increased risk of breast cancer among high-risk women due to low-dose radiation exposure (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9- 1.8). Exposure before age 20 (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.1) or a mean of ≥5 exposures (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.0) was significantly associated with a higher radiation-induced breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION Low-dose radiation increases breast cancer risk among high-risk women. When using low-dose radiation among high-risk women, a careful approach is needed, by means of reducing repeated exposure, avoidance of exposure at a younger age and using non-ionising screening techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke C Jansen-van der Weide
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Pijpe A, Manders P, Mulder RL, van Leeuwen FE, Rookus MA. Reliability of self-reported diagnostic radiation history in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 25:103-13. [PMID: 20066476 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-009-9416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We assessed reliability of self-reported diagnostic radiation history in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with and without breast cancer. Within the frame-work of the HEBON study, 401 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers completed a baseline (1999-2004) and a follow-up questionnaire (2006-2007). Test-retest reliability of self-reported exposure to chest X-rays, fluoroscopies and mammograms was assessed for the entire study population and by case status.Overall proportion agreement on reporting ever/never exposure was good ([75%), while the corresponding kappa coefficients were between 0.40 and 0.75, indicating at least moderate reliability beyond chance. Reliability of number of exposures was also good ([75%). Proportion agreement on reporting age at first mammogram was low(40%) for exact consistency and moderate (60%) for consistency +/- 1 year. Reliability of age at first mammogram was higher for cases than for unaffected carriers(P\0.001) but this difference disappeared when excluding diagnostic mammograms (P = 0.60). In unaffected carriers proportion agreement on age at last mammogram was 50%. In general, the direction of disagreement on all items was equally distributed. More consistent reporting was mainly determined by a younger age at questionnaire completion. In conclusion, inconsistent self-report of diagnostic radiation by BRCA1/2 mutation carriers was mainly non-differential by disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Pijpe
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sigurdson AJ, Bhatti P, Preston DL, Doody MM, Kampa D, Alexander BH, Petibone D, Yong LC, Edwards AA, Ron E, Tucker JD. Routine diagnostic X-ray examinations and increased frequency of chromosome translocations among U.S. radiologic technologists. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8825-31. [PMID: 18974125 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The U.S. population has nearly one radiographic examination per person per year, and concern about cancer risks associated with medical radiation has increased. Radiologic technologists were surveyed to determine whether their personal cumulative exposure to diagnostic X-rays was associated with increased frequencies of chromosome translocations, an established radiation biomarker and possible intermediary suggesting increased cancer risk. Within a large cohort of U.S. radiologic technologists, 150 provided a blood sample for whole chromosome painting and were interviewed about past X-ray examinations. The number and types of examinations reported were converted to a red bone marrow (RBM) dose score with units that approximated 1 mGy. The relationship between dose score and chromosome translocation frequency was assessed using Poisson regression. The estimated mean cumulative RBM radiation dose score was 49 (range, 0-303). After adjustment for age, translocation frequencies significantly increased with increasing RBM dose score with an estimate of 0.004 translocations per 100 cell equivalents per score unit (95% confidence interval, 0.002-0.007; P < 0.001). Removing extreme values or adjustment for gender, cigarette smoking, occupational radiation dose, allowing practice X-rays while training, work with radioisotopes, and radiotherapy for benign conditions did not affect the estimate. Cumulative radiation exposure from routine X-ray examinations was associated independently with increased chromosome damage, suggesting the possibility of elevated long-term health risks, including cancer. The slope estimate was consistent with expectation based on cytogenetic experience and atomic bomb survivor data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Sigurdson
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Bhatti P, Doody MM, Preston DL, Kampa D, Ron E, Weinstock RW, Simon S, Edwards AA, Sigurdson AJ. Increased frequency of chromosome translocations associated with diagnostic x-ray examinations. Radiat Res 2008; 170:149-55. [PMID: 18666821 DOI: 10.1667/rr1422.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Informative studies of cancer risks associated with medical radiation are difficult to conduct owing to low radiation doses, poor recall of diagnostic X rays, and long intervals before cancers occur. Chromosome aberrations have been associated with increased cancer risk and translocations are a known radiation biomarker. Seventy-nine U.S. radiologic technologists were selected for blood collection, and translocations were enumerated by whole chromosome painting. We developed a dose score to the red bone marrow for medical radiation exposure from X-ray examinations reported by the technologists that they received as patients. Using Poisson regression, we analyzed translocations in relation to the dose scores. Each dose score unit approximated 1 mGy. The estimated mean cumulative red bone marrow radiation dose score was 42 (range 1-265). After adjustment for age, occupational radiation, and radiotherapy for benign conditions, translocation frequencies significantly increased with increasing red bone marrow dose score with an estimate of 0.007 translocations per 100 CEs per score unit (95% CI, 0.002 to 0.013; P = 0.01). Chromosome damage has been linked with elevated cancer risk, and we found that cumulative radiation exposure from medical X-ray examinations was associated with increased numbers of chromosome translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Bhatti
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ronckers CM, Doody MM, Lonstein JE, Stovall M, Land CE. Multiple diagnostic X-rays for spine deformities and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:605-13. [PMID: 18349278 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation is a well-established human mammary carcinogen. Women historically monitored by radiography at young ages for abnormal spinal curvature are an exposed population suitable for investigating radiation-related risk and its variation by modifying factors. In this historic cohort, 95% of daily dose increments (when exposure to the breast occurred) were under 2.4 cGy, with mean 1.1 cGy. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 3,010 women, diagnosed with spinal curvature between 1912 and 1965 in 14 U.S. pediatric orthopedic centers and who completed a questionnaire by telephone interview or mail survey in 1992, were studied for risk of breast cancer by radiation dose to the breast (mean, 12 cGy) after adjustment for established breast cancer risk factors. RESULTS A borderline-significant radiation dose response (excess relative risk/Gy = 2.86; P = 0.058; one-tailed P = 0.029) was observed during 118,905 woman-years of follow-up (median, 35.5 years) based on 78 cases of invasive breast cancer. The dose response was significantly greater (P = 0.03) for women who reported a family history of breast cancer in first- or second-degree relatives (excess relative risk/Gy = 8.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-28.16). Radiation-related risk did not vary significantly by stage of reproductive development at exposure. CONCLUSIONS Assuming that repair of radiation-related DNA damage requires at most a few hours, our data argue against existence of a low-dose threshold on the order of 1 to 3 cGy for radiation exposure contributing to breast carcinogenesis. The possibility that a family history of breast cancer may have enhanced a carcinogenic radiation effect requires confirmation in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile M Ronckers
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, EPS 7046, 6120 Executive Boulevard, MS 7238, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Andrieu N, Easton DF, Chang-Claude J, Rookus MA, Brohet R, Cardis E, Antoniou AC, Wagner T, Simard J, Evans G, Peock S, Fricker JP, Nogues C, Van't Veer L, Van Leeuwen FE, Goldgar DE. Effect of chest X-rays on the risk of breast cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in the international BRCA1/2 carrier cohort study: a report from the EMBRACE, GENEPSO, GEO-HEBON, and IBCCS Collaborators' Group. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:3361-6. [PMID: 16801631 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.03.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Women who carry germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are at greatly increased risk of breast cancer (BC). Numerous studies have shown that moderate to high doses of ionizing radiation are a risk factor for BC. Because of the role of the BRCA proteins in DNA repair, we hypothesized that BRCA carriers might be more sensitive to ionizing radiation than women in the general population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 1,601 female BRCA1/2 carriers was performed. Risk of breast cancer from exposure to chest x-rays, as assessed by questionnaire data, was analyzed using a weighted Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS In this cohort, any reported exposure to chest x-rays was associated with an increased risk of BC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.54; P = .007). This risk was increased in carrier women aged 40 years and younger (HR = 1.97; P < .001) and in women born after 1949 (HR = 2.56; P < .001), particularly those exposed only before the age of 20 years (HR = 4.64; P < .001). CONCLUSION In our series of BRCA carriers, we detected a relatively large effect on BC risk with a level of radiation exposure that is at least an order of magnitude lower than in previously studied medical radiation-exposed cohorts. Although part of this increase may be attributable to recall bias, the observed patterns of risk in terms of age at exposure and attained age are consistent with those found in previous studies. If confirmed, the results have important implications for the use of x-ray imaging in young BRCA1/2 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Andrieu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Emi00-06, Paris, France
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Preston-Martin S, Pogoda JM. Estimation of radiographic doses in a case-control study of acute myelogenous leukemia. HEALTH PHYSICS 2003; 84:245-259. [PMID: 12553655 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200302000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Radiation exposure from dental and medical radiography is inherently difficult to estimate. Because no single resource is available for this type of data, gathering the information needed to estimate exposure in epidemiologic studies is a labor-intensive, imprecise process. For a case-control study of adult-onset acute myelogenous leukemia in Los Angeles County and radiography, a database was created of estimates of dose to the red bone marrow for each radiographic procedure reported by subjects in interviews and recorded in subjects' medical records. Resources used included the medical literature as well as personal communications with radiology experts. Dose estimates for each procedure based on this database are reported. Methods and complications are contrasted with a past effort to estimate dose from dental radiography for a case-control study of parotid gland tumors. Among the more difficult aspects of medical radiography dose estimation are the wide variety of examinations performed, the continually-changing environment of diagnostic imaging, and the number of variables that contribute to the delivered dose to an individual from a specific imaging procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Preston-Martin
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Department of Preventive Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, MS 44, P.O. Box 33800, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0800, USA
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