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Cheng Y, Zhai Y, Yuan Y, Li H, Zhao W, Fan Z, Zhou L, Gao X, Zhan Y, Sun H. Xenon inhalation attenuates neuronal injury and prevents epilepsy in febrile seizure Sprague-Dawley pups. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1155303. [PMID: 37645594 PMCID: PMC10461106 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1155303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile seizures (FS) usually occur in childhood and may cause irreversible neuronal damage, cognitive functional defects, and an increase in the risk of epilepsy later in life. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), currently used to treat FS in children, can relieve seizures. However, their effects in preventing the risk of developing epilepsy in later life are unsatisfactory. Moreover, AEDs may damage child brain development. Here, we evaluated the efficiency of xenon in treating prolonged FS (PFS) and preventing epilepsy in Sprague-Dawley pups. Methods Prolonged FS was induced by hyperthermic treatment. After 90 min of PFS, the pups in the xenon treatment group were immediately treated with 70% xenon/21% oxygen/9% nitrogen for 60 min. The levels of glutamate, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitophagy, and neuronal injury, seizures, learning, and memory functions were measured at specific time points. Results Neonatal period PFS led to spontaneous seizure, learning and memory dysfunction, accompanied by increased levels of glutamate, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitophagy, and neuronal injury. Xenon treatment alleviated the changes caused by PFS and reduced the risk of PFS developing into epilepsy later. Conclusion Our results suggest that xenon inhalation could be a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate neuronal injury and prevent epilepsy in patients with FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yujie Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenke Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhenhai Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Martens A, Ordies S, Vanaudenaerde BM, Verleden SE, Vos R, Verleden GM, Verbeken EK, Van Raemdonck DE, Claes S, Schols D, Chalopin M, Katz I, Farjot G, Neyrinck AP. A porcine ex vivo lung perfusion model with maximal argon exposure to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Gas Res 2017; 7:28-36. [PMID: 28480029 PMCID: PMC5402344 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.202907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Argon (Ar) is a noble gas with known organoprotective effects in rodents and in vitro models. In a previous study we failed to find a postconditioning effect of Ar during ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) on warm-ischemic injury in a porcine model. In this study, we further investigated a prolonged exposure to Ar to decrease cold ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation in a porcine model with EVLP assessment. Domestic pigs (n = 6/group) were pre-conditioned for 6 hours with 21% O2 and 79% N2 (CONTR) or 79% Ar (ARG). Subsequently, lungs were cold flushed and stored inflated on ice for 18 hours inflated with the same gas mixtures. Next, lungs were perfused for 4 hours on EVLP (acellular) while ventilated with 12% O2 and 88% N2 (CONTR group) or 88% Ar (ARG group). The perfusate was saturated with the same gas mixture but with the addition of CO2 to an end-tidal CO2 of 35-45 mmHg. The saturated perfusate was drained and lungs were perfused with whole blood for an additional 2 hours on EVLP. Evaluation at the end of EVLP did not show significant effects on physiologic parameters by prolonged exposure to Ar. Also wet-to-dry weight ratio did not improve in the ARG group. Although in other organ systems protective effects of Ar have been shown, we did not detect beneficial effects of a high concentration of Ar on cold pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in a porcine lung model after prolonged exposure to Ar in this porcine model with EVLP assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Martens
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Algology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Ordies
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Algology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn E Verleden
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert M Verleden
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric K Verbeken
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Histopathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk E Van Raemdonck
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Thoracic Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Claes
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Chalopin
- Air Liquide Santé International Medical R&D; Paris-Saclay Research Center, Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Ira Katz
- Air Liquide Santé International Medical R&D; Paris-Saclay Research Center, Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Geraldine Farjot
- Air Liquide Santé International Medical R&D; Paris-Saclay Research Center, Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Arne P Neyrinck
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Algology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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A xenon recirculating ventilator for the newborn piglet: developing clinical applications of xenon for neonates. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2013; 29:577-85. [PMID: 22922476 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0b013e3283583c4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The clinical applications of xenon for the neonate include both anaesthesia and neuroprotection. However, due to the limited natural availability of xenon, special equipment is required to administer and recapture the gas to develop xenon as a therapeutic agent. OBJECTIVE In order to test the xenon recirculating ventilator for the application of neuroprotection in a preclinical trial, our primary objective was to test the efficiency, reliability and safety of administering 50% xenon for 24 h in hypoxic ischaemic piglets. DESIGN A prospective observational study. SETTING Institute for Women's Health, University College London, January 2008 to March 2008. ANIMALS Four anaesthetised male piglets, less than 24 h old, underwent a global hypoxic ischaemic insult for approximately 25 min prior to switching to the xenon recirculating ventilator. INTERVENTION Between 2 and 26 h after hypoxic ischaemia, anaesthetised piglets were administered a mixture of 50% xenon, air, oxygen and isoflurane. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was blood gas PaCO2 (kPa) and secondary outcome measure was xenon gas use (l h), over the 24-h duration of xenon administration. RESULTS The xenon recirculating ventilator provided effective ventilation, automated control of xenon/air gas mixtures, and stable blood gas PaCO2 (4.5 to 6.3 kPa) for 24 h of ventilation with the xenon recirculating ventilator. Total xenon use was minimal at approximately 0.6 l h at a cost of approximately &OV0556;8 h. Additional features included an isoflurane scavenger and bellows height alarm. CONCLUSION Stable gas delivery to a piglet with minimal xenon loss and analogue circuitry made the xenon recirculating ventilator easy to use and it could be modified for other large animals and noble gas mixtures. The technologies, safety and efficiency of xenon delivery in this preclinical system have been taken forward in the development of neonatal ventilators for clinical use in phase II clinical trials for xenon-augmented hypothermia and for xenon anaesthesia.
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Abstract
The noble gases have always been an enigma. Discovered late in the history of chemistry and in seemingly small quantities in our atmosphere, they are some of the most unreactive elements known. However, despite being extremely inert, the noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) have found diverse and ever expanding applications in medicine. Of all of them, the gases that have found the greatest number of uses in the field of anaesthesia and related specialties are helium and xenon. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of both gases, their unique physicochemical properties and describes their uses in clinical practice with particular emphasis on those applicable to anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Harris
- Royal Brompton and Marchfield NHS Trust, Hill End Road, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK.
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