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Stewart RC, Patwa AN, Lusic H, Freedman JD, Wathier M, Snyder BD, Guermazi A, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis and Preclinical Characterization of a Cationic Iodinated Imaging Contrast Agent (CA4+) and Its Use for Quantitative Computed Tomography of Ex Vivo Human Hip Cartilage. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5543-5555. [PMID: 28616978 PMCID: PMC6408935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Contrast agents that go beyond qualitative visualization and enable quantitative assessments of functional tissue performance represent the next generation of clinically useful imaging tools. An optimized and efficient large-scale synthesis of a cationic iodinated contrast agent (CA4+) is described for imaging articular cartilage. Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) using CA4+ reveals significantly greater agent uptake of CA4+ in articular cartilage compared to that of similar anionic or nonionic agents, and CA4+ uptake follows Donnan equilibrium theory. The CA4+ CECT attenuation obtained from imaging ex vivo human hip cartilage correlates with the glycosaminoglycan content, equilibrium modulus, and coefficient of friction, which are key indicators of cartilage functional performance and osteoarthritis stage. Finally, preliminary toxicity studies in a rat model show no adverse events, and a pharmacokinetics study documents a peak plasma concentration 30 min after dosing, with the agent no longer present in vivo at 96 h via excretion in the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Stewart
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 1 Overland Street, RN 115, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Amit N. Patwa
- Ionic Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts 02445, United States
| | - Hrvoje Lusic
- Ionic Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts 02445, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Freedman
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 1 Overland Street, RN 115, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Ionic Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts 02445, United States
| | - Michel Wathier
- Ionic Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts 02445, United States
| | - Brian D. Snyder
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 1 Overland Street, RN 115, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ali Guermazi
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Ionic Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts 02445, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Lusic
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-358-3186; Tel: 617-353-3871
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-358-3186; Tel: 617-353-3871
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Parkesh R, Gowin W, Lee TC, Gunnlaugsson T. Synthesis and evaluation of potential CT (computer tomography) contrast agents for bone structure and microdamage analysis. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3611-7. [PMID: 16990936 DOI: 10.1039/b606976b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of several novel X-ray contrast agents 1-3, developed for targeting bone structures, and in particularly microcracks in bones, using CT (Computer Tomography) detection is described. These contrast agents are based on the use of the well known triiodobenzene platform, which was conjugated into one or more phenyliminodiacetate moieties, which can be used to 'lock' onto bone matrices. Compounds 1-3 were all tested for their ability to visualise cracks in bone structures (bovine bones) using micro-CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Parkesh
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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