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Malta CP, Barcelos RCS, Fernandes PS, Martins MO, Sagrillo MR, Bier CAS, Morgental RD. In silico toxicity and immunological interactions of components of calcium silicate-based and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:148. [PMID: 38353803 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to determine in silico toxicity predictions of test compounds from hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (HCSBS) and AH Plus and computationally simulate the interaction between these substances and mediators of periapical inflammation via molecular docking. MATERIALS AND METHODS All chemical information of the test compounds was obtained from the PubChem site. Predictions for bioavailability and toxicity analyses were determined by the Molinspiration Cheminformatics, pkCSM, ProTox-II and OSIRIS Property Explorer platforms. Molecular docking was performed using the Autodock4 AMDock v.1.5.2 program to analyse interactions between proteins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α) and ligands (calcium silicate hydrate, zirconium oxide, bisphenol-A epoxy resin, dibenzylamine, iron oxide and calcium tungstate) to establish the affinity and bonding mode between systems. RESULTS Bisphenol-A epoxy resin had the lowest maximum dose tolerated in humans and was the test compound with the largest number of toxicological properties (hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity and irritant). All systems had favourable molecular docking. However, the ligands bisphenol-A epoxy resin and dibenzylamine had the greatest affinity with the cytokines tested. CONCLUSION In silico predictions and molecular docking pointed the higher toxicity and greater interaction with mediators of periapical inflammation of the main test compounds from AH Plus compared to those from HCSBS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first in silico study involving endodontic materials and may serve as the basis for further research that can generate more data, producing knowledge on the interference of each chemical compound in the composition of different root canal sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Cristine Silva Barcelos
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Schramm Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Mirkos Ortiz Martins
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Michele Rorato Sagrillo
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Souza Bier
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Dornelles Morgental
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Fonseca DA, Paula AB, Marto CM, Coelho A, Paulo S, Martinho JP, Carrilho E, Ferreira MM. Biocompatibility of Root Canal Sealers: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244113. [PMID: 31818038 PMCID: PMC6947586 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1) Aim: To perform a systematic review of the literature on the biocompatibility of root canal sealers that encompasses the various types of sealers that are commercially available as well as both in vitro and in vivo evidence. (2) Methods: This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (ID 140445) and was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines using the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies published between 2000 and 11 June 2019 that evaluated cytotoxicity (cell viability/proliferation) and biocompatibility (tissue response) of root canal sealers were included. (3) Results: From a total of 1249 studies, 73 in vitro and 21 in vivo studies were included. In general, studies suggest that root canal sealers elicit mild to severe toxic effects and that several factors may influence biocompatibility, e.g., material setting condition and time, material concentration, and type of exposure. Bioactive endodontic sealers seem to exhibit a lower toxic potential in vitro. (4) Conclusions: The available evidence shows that root canal sealers exhibit variable toxic potential at the cellular and tissue level. However, the methodological heterogeneity among studies included in this systematic review and the somewhat conflicting results do not allow a conclusion on which type of sealer presents higher biocompatibility. Further research is crucial to achieve a better understanding of the biological effects of root canal sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Afonso Fonseca
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-249-151
| | - Anabela Baptista Paula
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Siri Paulo
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| | - José Pedro Martinho
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
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Enkel B, Dupas C, Armengol V, Akpe Adou J, Bosco J, Daculsi G, Jean A, Laboux O, LeGeros RZ, Weiss P. Bioactive materials in endodontics. Expert Rev Med Devices 2008; 5:475-94. [PMID: 18573047 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.5.4.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endodontic treatment in dentistry is a delicate procedure and many treatment attempts fail. Despite constant development of new root canal filling techniques, the clinician is confronted with both a complex root canal system and the use of filling materials that are harmful for periapical tissues. This paper evaluates reported studies on biomaterials used in endodontics, including calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium phosphate ceramics and calcium phosphate cements. Special emphasis is made on promising new biomaterials, such as injectable bone substitute and injectable calcium phosphate cements. These materials, which combine biocompatibility, bioactivity and rheological properties, could be good alternatives in endodontics as root canal fillers. They could also be used as drug-delivery vehicles (e.g., for antibiotics and growth factors) or as scaffolds in pulp tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Enkel
- Nantes University Hospital, Pôle Odontologie, ERT 10-51 Equipe de Recherche Clinique en Odontologie et Chirurgie Osseuse, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, Nantes Cedex 01, France.
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Wang SP, Wang JA, Luo RH, Cui WY, Wang H. POTASSIUM CHANNEL CURRENTS IN RAT MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLES IN CELL PROLIFERATION. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:1077-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kaufmann P, Haschke M, Török M, Beltinger J, Bogman K, Wenk M, Terracciano L, Krähenbühl S. Mechanisms of venoocclusive disease resulting from the combination of cyclophosphamide and roxithromycin. Ther Drug Monit 2007; 28:766-74. [PMID: 17164692 DOI: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000249943.85160.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High doses (>or=500 mg/m) of cyclophosphamide are known to cause venoocclusive disease (VOD). The authors recently observed a patient treated with immunosuppressive cyclophosphamide doses (100 mg/day) and roxithromycin who developed VOD. Because roxithromycin inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and P-glycoprotein, the patient may have been exposed to higher cyclophosphamide and/or cyclophosphamide metabolite concentrations. METHODS The effect of roxithromycin on the metabolism and toxicity of cyclophosphamide was studied using human hepatic microsomes and a human endothelial cell line. RESULTS Cyclophosphamide or roxithromycin at concentrations from 0.05 to 500 micromol/L were not toxic to endothelial cells as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay. However, the combination of roxithromycin (500 micromol/L) and cyclophosphamide was toxic for all the tested cyclophosphamide concentrations (0.05 to 500 micromol/L) without clear concentration dependence (LDH ratio 38.3 +/- 11.0 [mean +/- SEM] for the combination with cyclophosphamide 0.05 micromol/L and 50.2 +/- 10.2 for the combination with cyclophosphamide 500 micromol/L; P <or= 0.005 for all tested combinations vs. control). Although roxithromycin did not favor the generation of toxic metabolites from cyclophosphamide, it led to cyclophosphamide accumulation due to inhibition of both CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. Although roxithromycin inhibited P-glycoprotein, this was not the mechanism by which cyclophosphamide toxicity was increased because cyclophosphamide in combination with other P-glycoprotein inhibitors was not toxic to endothelial cells. In the presence of roxithromycin (500 micromol/L), cyclophosphamide (500 micromol/L) induced apoptosis in endothelial cells (34.3 +/- 10.4% apoptotic cells [in % of total cells] for the combination of cyclophosphamide and roxithromycin, 0.7 +/- 0.25% for cyclophosphamide alone, 0% for roxithromycin alone; P < 0.0001) most probably by mitochondrial membrane permeability transition and release of cytochrome c. CONCLUSIONS The combination cyclophosphamide and roxithromycin, but not the individual compounds, is toxic to endothelial cells by inducing apoptosis. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein and formation of toxic metabolites are unlikely causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priska Kaufmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Waldhauser KM, Török M, Ha HR, Thomet U, Konrad D, Brecht K, Follath F, Krähenbühl S. Hepatocellular toxicity and pharmacological effect of amiodarone and amiodarone derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:1413-23. [PMID: 16971508 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare hepatocellular toxicity and pharmacological activity of amiodarone (2-n-butyl-3-[3,5 diiodo-4-diethylaminoethoxybenzoyl]-benzofuran; B2-O-Et-N-diethyl) and of eight amiodarone derivatives. Three amiodarone metabolites were studied, namely, mono-N-desethylamiodarone (B2-O-Et-NH-ethyl), di-N-desethylamiodarone (B2-O-Et-NH(2)), and (2-butyl-benzofuran-3-yl)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-methanone (B2) carrying an ethanol side chain [(2-butylbenzofuran-3-yl)-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]-methanone; B2-O-Et-OH]. In addition, five amiodarone analogs were investigated, namely, N-dimethylamiodarone (B2-O-Et-N-dimethyl), N-dipropylamiodarone (B2-O-Et-N-dipropyl), B2-O-carrying an acetate side chain [[4-(2-butyl-benzofuran-3-carbonyl)-2,6-diiodophenyl]-acetic acid; B2-O-acetate], B2-O-Et carrying an propionamide side chain (B2-O-Et-propionamide), and B2-O carrying an ethyl side chain [(2-butylbenzofuran-3-yl)-(4-ethoxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-methanone; B2-O-Et]. A concentration-dependent increase in lactate dehydrogenase leakage from HepG2 cells and isolated rat hepatocytes was observed in the presence of amiodarone and of most analogs, confirming their hepatocellular toxicity. Using freshly isolated rat liver mitochondria, amiodarone and most analogs showed a dose-dependent toxicity on the respiratory chain and on beta-oxidation, significantly reducing the respiratory control ratio and oxidation of palmitate, respectively. The reactive oxygen species concentration in hepatocytes increased time-dependently, and apoptotic/necrotic cell populations were identified using flow cytometry and annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The effect of the three least toxic amiodarone analogs on the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel was compared with amiodarone. Amiodarone, B2-O-acetate, and B2-O-Et-N-dipropyl (each 10 microM) significantly reduced the hERG tail current amplitude, whereas 10 microM B2-O-Et displayed no detectable effect on hERG outward potassium currents. In conclusion, three amiodarone analogs (B2-O-Et-N-dipropyl, B2-O-acetate, and B2-O-Et) showed a lower hepatocellular toxicity profile than amiodarone, and two of these analogs (B2-O-Et-N-dipropyl and B2-O-acetate) retained hERG channel interaction capacity, suggesting that amiodarone analogs with class III antiarrhythmic activity and lower hepatic toxicity could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Maria Waldhauser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Research, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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Spångberg LSW, Haapasalo M. Rationale and efficacy of root canal medicaments and root filling materials with emphasis on treatment outcome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-1546.2002.20104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pulgar R, Segura-Egea JJ, Fernández MF, Serna A, Olea N. The effect of AH 26 and AH Plus on MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Int Endod J 2002; 35:551-6. [PMID: 12190913 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine whether AH 26 and AH Plus have in vitro oestrogenic effects. METHODOLOGY MCF-7 breast cancer cells were trypsinized and plated in 24-well plates at initial concentrations of 10,000 cells per well in 5% FBS in DME. Cells were allowed to attach for 24 h; then the seeding medium was replaced with 10% CDHuS-supplemented phenol red-free DME. Different concentrations of the test compound were added to sample wells (AH 26 and AH Plus at 1/100 to 1/1,000,000 dilutions), 10 pM estradiol-17beta to positive controL and no sub-stance to negative control (hormone-free control cells). The assay was stopped after 144 h. RESULTS AH 26-powder induced MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The cell yield obtained with AH 26-powder at 1/100 dilution sample was 2.5-fold greater than in control cultures. The sam-ple prepared with mixed AH 26 paste/powder 1:1 also induced MCF-7 cell proliferation, but showed less potency than AH 26-powder alone. The cell yield obtained with AH 26 paste/powder at 1/100 dilution sample was 1.9-fold greater than in control cultures. AH Plus did not show in vitro oestrogenic effect. CONCLUSIONS AH 26 showed in vitro oestrogenic effect, but not AH Plus. The endodontist must consider the possible oestrogenic effect of AH 26, as well as the cytotoxic effects of root filling materials, and avoid the leakage of sealer through the apex during root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pulgar
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Huang TH, Yang JJ, Li H, Kao CT. The biocompatibility evaluation of epoxy resin-based root canal sealers in vitro. Biomaterials 2002; 23:77-83. [PMID: 11762857 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of epoxy resin-based root canal sealer AH26 and AH-Plus were determined in vitro. Root canal sealers were eluted for 24 h in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted in culture medium. Cytotoxic effects were assessed using the MTT [tetrazolium dye, 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, C18H16N5SBr] assay for mitochondrial enzyme activity and also the cell viability. Genotoxicity assays were assessed using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) for DNA damage measurement. Result indicated that both the AH26 and AH-Plus sealers exhibited a dose-dependent increase in astrocyte toxic effects. Additionally, dose-dependent astrocyte DNA damage was also noted for both sealers. Therefore, these epoxy resin-based sealers, AH26 and AH-Plus demonstrated both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Hsien Huang
- Dental Department, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College No. 110, Taichung, Taiwan
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